JOURNAL 1954 SAMES W BEE 540109- 1 J OUR NALS fa Ger ee ee | Loren. og Karcasa-, Rourenes, Kimare fom FT, 19S : owt ere OG ase nee ap ptarerl week auclactid cenussl, Gwe Afpaprocck Le wrth 4/3 of ~ rastin Cefore Row 3B nilirn Lo another pant of ths guacnde cocdn the wine Lo, After Sth so’ L 20°F, QP eee el Bes GT Pon D suis Atak tebapotoeme Ge total, Ulateereee Kentv, Kosmas chevglee &., Laneec dae 15, 09 TA ftvimat, © bet OQ aoa tha th Cah pthnin: Frdge ver Magberag £9 te a point a mmabse dnsetly ths tect, Tan 16 (rsd } Tan au (blue) WARARLSA R r ” pm NST ame TO us. HIGH W ont AT-SF RAILROAD F or the entert Length the wat, eheept where ; ated. me cy Or TAR ane IEC pes pettlen she lo ccehee , Hig fers Gf reneees 5 -20%%s pee a Cut varceol Accovling de tection, Yor dnntewer the tint below the ptsbrond ax. 2 grvles ta EUs Gsoten Chad Liat priced. Meroe. pearly pont fee Preven. Fed, Liane, tte, tude tomate tree “crear Calg, Shs area of about Ranches Cebw the ice ioe 5S40118-2 vos hore wee ye tegen oleae. peaks tdeept tne. Lafocooe tie? Lepprot, | trek deem raven firme Wihaneens bredge ~ 7 thie fee Eh Ared Ceaik ) renin AEs Agel PO ee Glare eset OP Channel (acgne of tut wrblew emcee ond towk dina), The Lacoer, beviite Ora grore hearieby pupteted thaw the ppd Lente Three torde ; 2 frais of A0d-dacl fburta hiro jpard — Leivban. Brtbe ; Que thick. copped Chiehadischaced a Grotiue Apetho at tary olin Lonel had typeced hang stele Y SHolls- | SY 6119 ~ 4 SY4olr 8-7 <3 ie <_) es S401/8-S5 S4olle-B SYOs1 F/O S4Ol1 G-U1 Q ttacbrecber SI2% SH omni Aeghvetre . S4ol G- (2 ee perce apa TAG Elfron.. Aight value S40118-3 4 O48 - 1) Karnpoctis anaclerLacskes (Le.). Getler spnctatsth. 725 py: Aegheat Pe aa gee YET ed E+AtowG-L) Karnprectss Bornisa), Fad trrehad 1bs &?, Choracetiraect one CL sense were ale 5 eee, : ss Saf). Lowthherwatksell, /¥2.x sv ieee pea JEEXIZ, FPOUF-D) Aeaclonke Gruncko Klan, 10k Ga. Ko Tate . Se ee a (Lap) pel eee.: Mew ciat whats bo bere | Gieur-b) eine ee te Ota tech (PAGO, (euscete ) SY orlg-7 Rbcadrrnihg sre eae (Bessie) > Deh, Hat S GSK 12), fo a Epa etn fas Ste fond tak apbitin (55 XI10, K S30. Dae Ch eae a b Yortb-9) Vasemectty dercvtefarmnia (Lu) Fiance Prot, 342), ane tata) Lepte das Lecareaasrass we (fone 21) oes frp ausccle shitl, La pt tne ahowe Pagnell Chitle, a ee Bh Kea Arrbhleral Cornpaber te, eee Tete tha Prunttancte grarecbon = SEES Ay 540118-4 Che thiehntes (porn Keowg & 3 ) ev theamount ff ow the ffinnat aE Se ence nnr Apenre ited have Tht, omweLl prcrranaied! $e Reel aameanay canes ee ae tte ceveral thecks of cece Hack treppet tencetd 2 oa ror tgeibha Uedrorcm, Goenuspened , aud < gaming eee ten Bir Luk yore uree i a Cis eee} pr ee Pk pcb Gt hal a Kathe Vio, OL ay, Kanene Fel /3,/954 , Aud I Cheetecl memmter ancl Aencke of sf) perenne SEE Teese ang) Ey ERD RR PO epee een a Aermmrent feond of aboard /FOx ¢O aeidl 02 Lotut § feet dup at the weet evel of the take ( #42 fat ff Che wetr vm Hate Pitan Hada) 7eearty att povke cere howd Y parrtre Loot Low then Ediward 54021\13-S5 Biee Boe. thack tupfate Ca) DN pat ia mace Aonath-rmecthed badale , v0. Aannel tatfeak, & purer atfech , a Aver Carp atch, 40; Large month Been od, thick, ropprr , 3: Aker hea Arn , di Piast thts, SO-, phe 5 RR Jotr Carge Lortlee ane 2 other. Binds sbhsco Athol : y aie tacit ks . Eee Fel, (09S Meu Load sie atuukt Wopenter or. Mee. Aode View, DY x Fet, al, 19e¢ DH ¥ Wire . Deported ene Milihrnirn geear- oy a flock of Deo Lbict anol yeh eee ey ; aiden Feb, (F794 RRO Ea Me peek eee nee a Lob. wa tally lewd, Toe’ Meet, Llane, Rance LS, Cowase/ Varek 22.1070 Protrtck 2357/9574 Pier Copnechisces €¥e225-) Hains Yo 3 Z Co ee 540404 -G : i ; ¥ . Marlene Cruck Same Ww aud AUR PRE ID GR ) leeglae &, Fane, perk #0957 ehogted Aaveted ecthirn Lhe Lhe , 100 PM the eas os at cae SlewOWLEANSLA: oe LEASE AL DORSO - FIRMA DEL EXPEDIDOR 2B OVER 7 : ISSUER’S SIGNATURE ——.___-_--___.-- -_ —--—- -+- -f- -—-———— * NOS COMPLACEMOS EN OFRECER A USTED NUESTROS SERVICIOS GRATUITOS »DE INFORMACION Y COOPERACION PARA QUE "SU VISITA A CUBA LE SEA MAS GRATA. INSTITUTO CUBANO DEL TURISMO TELFS.: ML-1670 - A-9098 - M-8876 PRADO Y CARCEL LA HABANA, CUBA WE WISH TO OFFER YOU OUR FREE INFORMATION SERVICE AND COOPE- RATION SO THAT YOUR VISIT TO cuBA. MAY BE A PLEASANT ONE, CUBAN TOURIST COMMISSION PHONES: ML-1670 - A-9098 - M-8876 PRADO AT CARCEL HAVANA, CUBA 54)\\)26-e27 UNITED FRUIT COMPANY GREAT WHITE FLEET GET TO-GETHER DINNER on board the T.E. S.CHIRIOUI CAPTAIN RAYMOND W. CHAMBERS STAFF OFFICERS Walter F. Fayard Benjamin F. Boyle John R. Posey, Jr. J. Clarence Aime Ernest J. Hoover, M. D, Kristian O. Haga Chief Engineer Chief Officer Chief Purser Chief Steward Doctor Ch. Radio Operator ae Sea Friday, November 26th., 1954 GUATEMALA CITY CRUISE BLANCHARD, MRS. MARION 8. ALEXANDRIA, LA. BALABAN, MR. & MRS. LOUIS CHICAGO, ILL. FRADENBURG MR. & MRS. KENDALL M. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. HARRIS, MISS ALBERTA J. ST. CLAIR SHORES, MICH. KREAS, MISS MARY M. BROOKLINE, MASS. METZGER, MRS. MARY C. SPRINGFIELD, ILL. METZGER, MISS JOAN M. " oe SKOP, MR. & MRS. NATHAN LINCOLN WOOD, ILL. WRIGHT, MRS. FAYE Z. YOSEMITE, CALIF. CRUISE PASSENGERS ALLEN, Mh. & MRS. L. CALHOUN SHREVEPORT, LA. BRISTOL, MR. & MRS. ROBERT S. SAN ANTONIO, TEX. Autographs 5411 26-28 en diana Soot wise S rant 7 FLEET TED LRUIT COMPANY T.E.S, CHIRIQUI, one of the ships of the GREAT WHITE FLEET—UNITED FRUIT COMP? MENU Fruit Cocktaél Assoried Hors d’ Oeuvres Iced Celery Assorted Olives Salted Pecans Onion Soup au Gratin Consomme Royale Broiled Lake Trout, Marguery Roast Philadelphia Capon, Pascaline, with Currant Jelly Crepes Conjiture Grilled Filet Mignon auz Champignons Asparagus Tips au Reurre Fresh Lima Beans Parisienne Potatoes Creamed Potatoes Hearts of Lettuce Salad, Roquefort Dressing Strawberry Sundae Petit Fours Compotiere of Fresh Fruit Mixed Nuts and Cluster Raisins Assorted Cheese and Toasted Crackers Demi Tasse 541127 -29 Jiaas 27, (754 Ze po 2 RE a Aarw Kaw ov B oe Did 1 A pcenscestl stepces \ Ppl tee tit Ble tbe s or a ee aaa LAURIE aes 0) ones meas si meuyak een pauaue? a ee cox ay ted tox Unrtt. o Acturtorw Larry ath ee, 400,00 a gscvl Pe oe tYtnece, oe thee / rested a eee, se pile. ae: oe , Ha. more Gua, Lb peter nan agen eS ie vil Pes Paget as pal ai Since 2 eis ee ee ote ee | pen ca Crnflortetile Jin Te plop. ee: ene mot jihae Pian: th Re Se De dail Cilia. S4+h)27= 30 aa Cattern ziol Cane on atk ticken. She dh aa of ld Sty luis eo hiss fecgle ried attr! hte Chebdl me ees “ya ths Aol Bets et S faceed Lab Kage eye er ee Ped Com pace 2 how Bors ready Lo coll Lf a day, he mrdt ene este Fees Od. gest ated La Zz ; | Lan Led Drerit y Of fee (nee fe eaten TL, ee SS tei coc Pauley Lpepy ame the seats ke Z L arvkas Kod ae ; ree ey, [Fare 399,° Asn Dosp) Pe OD cua the ag shee of the Poswtalius , BE en eee ga eee, Ambced Bint am Trvcscan They Latd ma. that it wowed te vga th b step 1h 541) 27-35 eg tat whe lets F Co mere vitey Ark sea pina te Po ee sess ts aged ths tov wboond i oe Bee i ee : belated patty lopanatie pu bly dail feck ar the United 7 e..; Scan bat Abige i aaa he etirrte Co Gat woe prorjaee to haath the tat tad the tacrage t ees Ahi tirrecna, ee ee fay ee ed. sails seit UE lias bbe bat ar Pel Aw Lie ee oe. Fede te 7b tradi Orig anata net A frece. Ge AGe fe Hagin Pe ao A ey cnmmmian a co, hee at oe ae BES Ae ask fe Gp he Bernard th tng other by are. a en geree ae ME Ne oy Pop ee RE EE Ee “des OPrrrne Ow the. a ee a aneated New Crtesrws sev Pot visa Cobo rue Haturan hsinn le BoaBancalee, ; 54\121-32 yan ee =. ee Tha seein tabs diis Fs ie ea wet at the dime Lette) & en wes “Biol hie onc: Bas 4 ; cae eo ee = a 7 a ee wn Minne, Hh eleclior unl ret ts tenle) kbs ae oe a ie eeat "2270 wk co mace ne = ee re Poe suet (a ihe eesad forgeries: fig poate, pele oe ae ae bis asel ee as ae sds ia te e+ lt2t= 2s ae aiccmanas sneeaal Leet sale ee amis at bait es Lede: ey a S206/7- ee dees S20616-/7 no Sen: Fr2d6ay-/— Saoae62as/~-— §& as Sige . BI POSH Greal (ite Het UNITED FRUIT COMPANY (nwt Coste, Cora. Meramec Hl tromeny A AN be SP a tees eve! the Doe ee St flesiplcins, Assit Pbiaiyp GO Colewctle Lt x0 hrig Lew 22 os pila Risse See onto: Sere oo ios penne. ee pee eee Wi oak hase! Ce ce rt Comet fou At, 2 pile. oe ty iat Bi la peated that id might. S411a7-3<3 ee Aer ow the pe sy ee ibis epee y Gees ge) ee fave 4 ch the Last Govelnrieh ae neew Dee pe BS ae ee en tt ee Che aie te yo lov at fiurk ; is Soils Yo. fo ms aes fl hac fotborved Ps ecm, ag IE wh: Aor S grace age. Arete Toate) tb Poricveete. sbi al. Zn? ae Cat d het ru Lae Powe aififinend art point Be Ce aes a, é Se ad a ceca Atmek Abel dome parted 2d cathe ed avec ped coevtik Che howes one amt ¥ Craton), tomes Poet ave henry Aneel by Macs hnie dene! niin oe 27 ee ome ay = Co ee ee One, « Theat regron re HOM Piece FT etait Pantdley cir Big : = by i ceananitc> 26 ecu Ae . egy. ae Che tetit J nthns aby che Stet s+ tei ae a) daiceciooiaeanaee siti oleate LN g chs OTe, Satie AG vy Chat RCo te ret teoek Few Oreteenre een tek aftr fie Lorre A heated te 6 PF PRES tate Tae. wwe os tee), mag intone Biba Pei: Wf gece fe bay eat Aco bre bes : a 2 C 2 Mb VC A / pho feet Bein whe. JO€, aan Fie AF pugick ued toes Z S41127-35 dorntivked aol ofr 7.00 Lim eens: ee eee ae With eleee tends k cleerted & At ntl stipe skit 2togped me at ateut (50 ve Che rH0 pormewkere thre tn Gz v Mew O ht pitin VP OAM eine, Heteee , Le 24L Lelia Pract Off piece ann CoiTastid aN. neko, ate Pol ie pd aol Pic ibe ey Ahe wtiarner, Pee) perere a Eset eet a the Cnintats Genial 7 ee fata Fe Gf LIB °° cures tethm Aevtrel Mg mpothinrs eto alee, ure wht fut, hate. Lf Korwe. Tet dite news fp eticturt wee ate se oe. Wo rie aw tke A. mihi ad pitts «~~ ith fincas grrniy th tiles Done Premed pe Pg OTS 2 ig abcde om Manne ak a ctl Aeargth new. . Ak was really Chen tent the Liveke, Me toutt Phe aon act ye ee ee 20 flare. One elerev tre war Left 10 roger tbndes nL Ln mouth, he thews , op , 5411 27-41 ante wernttans Phare, then agtler re Lis Aa totny fat ches Biwy Che tera | at the the “8 aw, mek so eis en , porttecd ewe Eh oe ae ge gf pe re eee wt Perey Gakic nut yer ee ee, oe hem heauel 2 ; “fs z an abinte ea “af op Do aoa Mia dais Gili, Pile, Moen Ahn h the Cty ted met appeat & ore ancl reg has At a Betd Kove 1 one Ay BOP Dcisies ee, gues wep gear , Done us fttheantd LY. _ eR ae ee eee Chuo | a qe shes gig Lak, Lette whey te nlm fo LLU Ha ahah Bhan nal gion. : a ee ee 5 ee, Tr Weolner clay | ee ee ee ‘ oe hire rg be the prove bbl, LkKa4A dS all be hb, por a few tae 54)127-42 Vite eed Vad dad ta oe é Lo ote 0 oi: a 2s, ee mene ees bi ne 7 aoe: Ch: yee hed de auntt Phone pac Meee CA Fs Crank it th Quaker | a“ HOS le ) PSL aUll dott heres I ee ee eer BE FES (artbe. Le. pircoctiagl ax, Comat 2) fag 7 Giat (Ne Tek. UNITED FRUIT COMPANY Rear Arie Cle, tics f Pajiatn Donnelly mite og pf say weve Flee Oligo De: ppnow t be ee ae ee i a a ee ay A Laan eee hk ae SI Keone BER Hered Ceaulfeuk cheore oe Thay Lanne. gr Thar tard ee Geol epee Gant Ife j Guna eek” eal: etd 54\|28-453 ear Vo, dud a ee 2 oe ee ee eee Lutt wep fee, ZI Ce CeO Gps; ee see AepigiD ae eee pedals Kesehath 11 Che poge a. Move Cd a) ee oc hte 3 m3 bpd claps wm gncy i ee Draw Sl med Wee a Lone Liver ete Care theme 541128-44 Aerie, Lughat Bis Oren B Bc abe ee ark ef be proper Eer ie gon hens o Cree gael & hese ge Baw 2 Dt: todhe apie Ue paren tenn yo (Bn bik df bed Lhe Shad a terfe FF CK tbe ) CLG alpha Aap MN: gone wedi hi FOS then )— were go & plat eg ba Lb aaet 0 ttf a cbagere ether phere, ot Comrgpaamedie F Pi sca cane j 3 ca, 4s ee : we ft ee hao Ale. Drees Py 4 5 S41 128-45 eee aaa Mian ee Beraws tbe os Tf Dray 4 ae ad, Poppe = Bie Ta Bp oe Ace poet flat, ioe a heaitin, PUK BE woe Ptwew Hepat, tnnilly, Y Bade Pee ey Lede, OL Se Bitap wnle Cle nee. wed, hie ee, Ea orl ion) cs De Acoiwld pat eee ey Zr the 2 541128-46 UY ortiad. cores fil Calec bated ho Meta d Mon COR Piggies Sma giete “ pz, Bafa Eien Me foget «+ Lhe i 5 ee: Athen Fhe reuk tee ~ teh prriiped Se ten of y Ahan Broly wm a bay Thy acters pbs meee Lhe grew or we oy 2 23 GG ye gee. orl teo-A47 rma Leone he aathe ob da mete aeinty wad tefore 3 lontd gov L ism B Oe se OE Ge ose tae whe Carte shit perc ee at a Cannen at F:6eP2n ; ere Ahern oe kc dak S fited a0. Agr fr att / Ie aT ee ay a 4 Petia, ern ee rt ae /; pai ee 4a >, anne at the ake oe omg ores Lat Atrect 5 le Fit ie wha Ake an reed evere C Foxe | OL. ; fistoree , 7h. Pt, , js Lf zd 4 ; lh Mee Re a Bd 1S and Pees Ga. APO oS Fane eee las is ACY 1 Vey hewn, Rtn Can, BE Re le ea oe ae eg time clea Lid a# /It 06 Arn, Ce ee — ican 3 Z buat tigre Lhe mocks Could be Bp ped, tac Miwiped Lown dap Ele hement ef The wkend te bnew’ Pha Lip Aether cet tot eG ~ bh heath RerD frig te fosneren, an Aud thet act a pee. Hore ly Ate Sarre . 541 | 28-48 RS koumn & haat wtteatent tat a & ey ee Oe PPS the Aereretan Erbosery, en i grows in India and Assam. They tell me that the flowers are just beginning to develop their best growth. Bananas grow the entire year but are, in the main, just about half grown and in the next two or three months will reach their best growth. However, many are being picked as of today. The banana trees are higher and less compact than Assamese bananas. As was true in Assam, fO92,\) On s qf Orchids grow on nearly YW 541202- 59 the banana trees are in all V ff stages of development from A whole flats of small, densely aris | Pi” arranged plants to tall trees “ale “y occurring singly. Green a characterizes the color except a for some yellows and of course the vari- colored flowers. Fruits include trees of orange of grapefruit-like balls, papaya, gourd-like fruits, lemon-like fruits and many others. I have noticed many trees which have leaves which appear to be dying and also new green leaves on the same tree. The birds are too numerous to mention. They include many familiar ones from the north as well as many birds that I know nothing about--as yet, but just let me get a hold of my trusty .410 and I will make a more intimate acquaintance. It is a shame to shoot them but it is the best way to learn more about them. The house and people could be from any Indian setting. The houses are thatched with palm leaves and the sides of bamboo, The entire structure is on stilts. The nogo houses, however, were not, as I remember, as steeply inclined. I do not recall of seeing any with plaster on as was so common in the lower valleys of Assam or especially in India. Some houses were shelters covering cooking ovens or work areas--some had fences of bamboo around them but this condition was an exception. These people do not require the privacy of the Indians. Single trail paths lead from one shack to another. The people 54 1202-60 are better clothed than the Indians or nogas but actually live in more poorly fashioned houses--in some cases the contrast between nicely dressed occupant and horrible-looking hut is ridiculous. At Bananera a dark skinned bearer handed me a note (include) which advised me to go back to Barrios as the road ahead beyond zaeapa had been covered with a land slide and the train would not be able to continue and there were no accommodations beyond Bananera. This condition of slide occurs frequently, sometimes being so inconsiderate as to cover a train! The unfortunate sit- uation is that on the other side of the slide, on its way to Barrios, is $250,000 worth of bananas or 50,000 bunches. The bananas can only remain one day before they will be too far gone to be shipped, so it looks as though the fruit will be checked out as lost, as they claim it will take five or six days to clear the track and make repairs. The insecurity of this railway is also hurting the United Fruit Company at Barrios and myself. I can readily see why prices are so high in Guatemala when 1 realize that this delay is holding up five ships, and those ships which are discharg- ing cargo are forced to put the freight on ‘the dock instead of into railway cars, which means more expense in handling the cargo twice. My stay at Bananera was really a pleasant one (from about 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.) and an informative one. I am finding out more clearly how the United Fruit Com- pany operates and what a big outfit it really is. From the color pictures which Il 541202-G\ took you can see what a beautiful and unique place it is. It is really a‘civilized oasis . in the jungle. The manager placed the guest house (they call it a rest house) at my dis- posal--refrigerator with coco cola, whiskey, and a little emergency food, nice furniture, beds, shower, toilet, etc. and a negro servant. The negro had been keeping care of the rest house for 18 years. Only 30 feet or so away was their big outdoor swimming pool, beyond a lake with reflecting shadows of palm trees, and beyond a green golf course as neatly cut as a city park lawn. Brilliant flowers grew everywhere. I ate dinner at the regular dining hall and all this for no expense. I found out later that if they had known, they would have sent a man with me in a rail car to the classical Quirigua ruins about 30 miles distance. The United Fruit Company owns practically all of the banana plantations and has every convenience of lodging, transportation, feeding and time that would be required for the operation of a scientific program. I am convinced that to get the cooperation of this outfit in supporting our cause is the proper thing to do. They are such a big company that assistance amounting to a few thousand dollars would probably never have to be sanctioned above the level of the field plantations. It is really surprising how much of Guatemala is actually the United Fruit Company. The rest house is ten times better than any hotel I have so far seen in Guatemala. Outside of the United Fruit Company, the accommodations are horrible. At 4:30 boarded east moving train and headed back to Barrios. The trip back was even more pleasant than the trip this morning because _ the lights were soft and the skies were clear 541202-6e2 instead of dropping down bucketsful of rain. At late twilight the huts could be identi- fied by the pretty red light from their open fires. As we approached Barrios, the electric lights and gasoline lamps were objectionable in quality compared with the giow of the native fires in their native environment. There is one peculiar thing about the silhouette of the palm frond at twilight--the rib which in the day is prominent becomes indistinguishable in the evening and looks like it had no supports / My mR Holiday of Barrios, had hss a man waiting for me at the se Hotel del Norte to tell me that the car would be taken care of and that the plane would leave tomorrow at ll a.m. and that before I leave, to drop in and see if there is any.more information on the permits from the Minesterio de Defense National. No &08 “a Tonight I have room No. 5 which over- looks the sea. The odors are there but at least I am away from the interior part of the building where many other odors eminated from the stock yard of chickens, turkeys, . pigeons and vultures. I think the typhus shots are going to serve a worthwhile pur- pose. At about 9 p.m. the sea started to act up about ten minutes before a rain storm hit the shore. These rains serve the purpose of cleaning the villages and streets which otherwise might become serious disease beds. I had plans of working the Barrios area before going inland but it is quite apparent that the rainy season is not yet over and that the country could be more profitably 54-1202-G3 worked in the latter part of January or February. The roads outside of the village are quite muddy and in addition, it has been raining about eight times a day, every day. You can imagine what this condition would do to a trap line. How is my good family getting along? I hope to hear from you when I get to Guatemala City. Better get Polly con- ditioned to the telephone because it just may be that a call can be sent through from Guatemala some day in the future. Still living out of my suitcase. It certainly is a good thing that you put the Spanish books there. Love to all, James. 54) 202-64 Bede Caprcet, Catala Lo_ KMe~e,2, 1955 Or A Bi oP ee at Until Frurt Go. jhe teid pw fight, fh week gout Hastie Bh APB ren Lerrser Cnet Chat bn wrceel Lab ome hermes of tae Boe aan TN, Orvbtaf- 34636 uw men Gaunt ieelgial Boyce * Abrrgted wi Le du mi ad- x, Loemap , Aenirak gramage J he ACen Beret, areel (antenge Aptis support ds Ong erent AF, Cr Bed CA Baimnnines meboveug te pation. © Bantvee Prtune 7 rahe meer 1 Remar ned ad Huy pAberrae ante ¥i00? and Ue rekeerned 4 Veert Carre. Pi: Cy Rint fig lg ene Pints Karvaee , Metemalo Klee. 3 1954 en ee ee He ootriaes me to aoe bhe fiewcctat oy Leela fret Cp. an Mita eae RA Record tes Ptiercadontnts La afte Waninnsin flacta Aw (er ianpleg ascii tl J, tenitrad, tLe tne bn Ck, of 4!:30 Am SF arls itn, Gbbeieo TD £2:320.2%m. Soke Caged Foe pm JO00 Jes # Pr va feet taghk aul wteched Lier. ff 200.000.0¢ Ap phasis bel [50,000 Cuek..) | Cae Gf tpt, titer, ele, Orvtuteree Catted le Lhe scene , Vii. Vireo | Via ttes aly G Egat pee BR, Big Bike in Fete | Left Farin by flawed 2:00 norm Arnel AMuetent. C4, He 54) 202-65 ‘at a ye Fe Ge ee (rod Cer tar ted ut rrrtricor ¥ pera areen pee row doar , drut Masse te Siac as tp Weta Heat "Lg. Cesta Pes ses Ok bo ag pror for Piece Glnss Preriat Wate pape ee poatopint 2,139 gud adm at Pek Payee ee eis a eae i as vo as lsat iE ire a are het 4b get Be treduonen Mls Yi! GBs - th 9% klarce Cpiante 7rerenuntil wit cekabe ck Crit. Buastoreta Oty , Gon tirnnte hee. 4, 1/954 te Wefenrs potiomet meneleg. Litrt Lo tee MherscDn GF ate ee Die Bf Heaths Ea. el aR ale Ee tn tenth endny « pa eerie Peter Ue nay Hhee £195 Remared at (hote#. 54 | 205-66 December 5, 1954 Pan-American Hotel Guatemala City The American Embassy must have a way of knowing who one is for they handed me two letters before I even introduced myself. --one of these letters was from you and Jay and the other one was from Hall. Your letter was postmarked November 29 from Lawrence and the American Embassy mark was December 2, so it takes about four days between Lawrence and Guatemala City. This seems rather slow when, as I remember, we used to get mail from the States in India in six days. I will admit, however, that it is quicker than my "slow boat to China." I can imagine how nice the room looks with the new chair your mother gave us--the room is really too small for that sofa and speaking of "endowed" don't you realize that there is a Mr. Skeles (Skillet) in town who could have sold that piece of furniture for at least $50! Itm glad you used your good judgment about the shaver, although my face has two sides. The Kemington 60, 6 volt, 110 watt, has the adapter inside the shaver, and although it looks like the regular Remington 60, it can be used in the car. With this shaver, one can shave twice a day without effort. I hope the pictures come out--did you pose with them? If not, you are not excused. Mother Malseed must have one, too. 541205-67 I hope that Polly is made to under- stand that I have not deserted her. Tell Chris that I would like a letter from her, especially some drawings of our house and what she wears, so that I can show them to the little children in Guatemala--and Mother Malseed, let me have a note from you from time to time on the actual state of affairs of the Bee Family--Annette always hides those things that would tend to make me worried while in the field. Of course, Jay will have to write me again if I am to understand exactly what we are to buy. Speaking of guns, Jay, the policemen in Guatemala have rifles that do not look any better than your old Indian rifle. When I last wrote you, I believe that I had just returned from Bannera and was awaiting air transportation to Guatemala City. I have never been quite sure that my letters are getting out of Guatemala, as I have mailed them out under very unusual circumstances. If the letter does not carry enough postage, they are just as apt to throw it in the wastepaper basket as not. On December 3, before going down to the airfield in Barrios, I dropped over to see if the car had been unloaded--it had and also it had been inspected! The United Fruit Company guaranteed that it would be delivered to Guatemala City "in bond" but somehow the Great Military and Customs officials found out that there were guns in the car and they turned the equipment upside down. With my packing, there was adequate room left in the car, but by the time they had released the boxes with batts of cotton and pawed through the rest of the things, the car was overflowing. I personally did not 541 205-68 care if they inspected the car or did any- thing they wanted with the guns and ammunition and I think they had a right to, but when the agreement was to send the car "in bond" I think they were guilty in not letting me be there at the time. Whenever guns or atmmunition are mentioned in Guate- mala twenty or so military people collect around and feed on the despoils as would twenty ants feed upon a crumb of bread. The only harm done was the reshuffling of my packing which in Guatemala City I can reorganize again. Departed from Barrios at noon; fare, $10.60 which I thought was reasonable for transporting one over tropical country that would take a year to go by foot. The tropics, in my estimation, is the attraction, at least it should be, in Guatemala. The volcanoes do not stand up to any of the cones in Washington or Oregon. Maybe I will change my mind as I have the chance to see the western highlands. The tropics from the air are more luxuriant than those of Assam and the appearance from the air is like the surface of a cauliflower. The upperstory vegetation appears to be more compact than in Assam. The hills and mountains are completely covered with virgin forests. The low broad valley appears to be kept in successional stages. It is in the flat valleys where the bananas grow most readily. The color is a deep green with a few patches of lighter green. I would like to spend a year in these dense jungle forests, especially those on the mountain slopes, but I see no way of getting into them. aA car in this country is as useless as a "loon on land." The best way, 541205-69 as I see it is to use a boat and then float down the rivers but then, as I say, you do not pass through the more exciting part of the jungle on the mountains. There must be some trails which would allow one to penetrate these forests but then probably only animal trails. I see no evidence of the natives using these mountain jungles. The Local = and jungles are wet and as the plane flips over the sun is continually being reflected from the ponds and standing water among the trees. This part of the jungle would be even more difficult to explore. I can not see how any animal could have been adapted to land existence in these forests; they must all live in the tree tops which is quite a different thing. In a country which is so bountifully endowed with natural resources of fruit and other food, I wonder if the natives will ever develop a civilization. Their existence is solved by merely reaching up and picking their dinner off the branches. It would take more than the C.I.0. to get these yeople to work and to make progress. This may explain why Guatemala is so back- ward. ‘Then again, the ancient Mayan peoples seemed to have made a go of it. I wonder what the real cause is of the degeneration of a once thriving civilization. It has occurred in China, Assam, Burma, and Inuia- we know. There is a gradual ascent to a high plateau on which Guatemala City is located. It lies on sort of a broad summit which slopes to the south to the Facific and to the north toward another range of mountains. It is an elevated plateau which has been partly eroded but is now checked. The deep canyons end in abrupt head walls. The relatively flat areas make ideal places for habitation and practically every square 541205-'710 foot of it is utilized, which makes the area undesirable as far as tranping is concerned. The capital of Guatemala has been destroyed on two other occasions at two other settings by earthquake and flood. The present site, in long range analysis, is also doomed by erosion. The U. S. either gave or lent to Guatemala $6,000,000 for road building. The new roads I saw from the air were deliberately made across the country in the most inappropriate routes as far as expense of buildings roads is concerned. _the fare from the airport to the city was ¥2 which seemed a trifle high, then hotel prices at $12 proved the point that living in Guatemala is going to be expensive. There is an extremely wide gap between what a native earns as wages and the cost of commodities. This gap will have to be reduced before there can ever be peace in Guatemala. The city is not impressive as such, but it is unusually clean and is planned exactly as the Morman cities. The streets are relatively wide as are also the side- walks. I am not able to place the archi- tecture as it does not fall into the Havana, New Urleans type or the modern. It is just something different and I have not seen other cities which I could compare it with. The modern, however, is evident on all sides and if not in architecture, is modern in old settings. The people are not as degen- erate as in Havana and the Indians and thier colorful clothes make the city in my opinion. There is still a great difference between the culture of the Indians and the Spanish people. Somehow, our civilization has not 54-1 205-71 affected the original Mayan peoples. It is the Mayan Indian, however, who is at the bottom of the barrel as far as social position or positions in the bigger economy of the country. The whites take advantage of the Spanish, the Spanish take advantage of the degenerate Mayans, and the degenerate Mayans take advantage of the primitive Mayan people. Of the several groups listed, I find a better man in the primitive Indians. These people are like the Mayas and they find it hard to cross a street or when half way across, are so confused that they know not which way to turn. I have never seen such small people as these Mayans. More about these people later. The churches are all beautiful, especially inside. The American Embassy is in a moder building and is a community in itself. After hours the windows are covered with a metal-like venetian blind, I suppose for protection in an eventuality. The first hotel I went to was the Colonial, a Spanish hotel, which, in their eyes is O.K., but to me was a dangerous place to live and especially to eat, so the next day I went over to the Pan-American where the conditions, while expensive, are safe and comfortable. These Spanish hotels are like living in dungeons. They are cold, musty, and smelly and the food is just not American. The water taps are always labelled “agua catiente" which means hot water, but I have never been able to get a temperature greater than luke cold. From the standpoint of health, these old Spanish places may be better than the dry heated hotel in America, in being always cool and 54 1205-72 with a fresh air patio where ponds add additional moisture to the air. Even at the Pan-American you cannot trust such things as water. For instance, I recognized that the drinking water in the room had evaporation marks dating it back at least five days and that the water was filled with foreign particles which would not be present in purified bottled water, so I asxed the desk to sendup some fresh drink- ing water. In the meantime I placed a thread over the handle of the cold water faucet and went down stairs to dinner, When I returned the pitcher was filled and the thread on the cold water tap was gone. So I called and told the clerk that I had reason to doubt that the water was purified and asxed him to send up some boiled water from the kitchen which he did. This water, I am sure, was from the hot water tap as it carried the same complex of foreign particles as is characteristic of the tap water--so what can you do--the only thing as I see it, is to personally accept the responsibility of actually seeing the source of the water or to treat all water, reespective of source, yourself. The ran-American sre supposed to have the same standards as hotels in the U.S. At Barrios the same thing happened--they were putting tap water in bottles reserved for purified drinking water and as a result (could have been from food) two contracted diarrhea on the morning I was leaving, December 3. That nizht at the Colonial I emptied myself as I have never emptied myself before. It only affected the intestines as I did not have any dis- comfort in the stomach. The poisons also hit my shoulders. From breakfast on the 541205-73 third to supper on the fourth, I did not eat anything but only added water from time to time. The supper paved the way and my breakfast on the fifth stabilized the con- dition. The symptoms and progress of the diarrhea is similar to those I have pre- viously had, so I am not concerned. I think that I will receive immunity to these bugs in Guatemala from time to time and that evntually will not have trouble with water or food. Once I can get in the field, I will be independent of the hotels and diseases of the city. One thing that the lunch today did not cure (which incidentally included an avado, grapefruit, biscuits, butter, rice and chicken, livers, mashed potatoes and gravey, peas, corn, a tender- loin steak two inches thick and rare, piece of cake, chocolate ice cream and milk+-the eating of which should dispell any doubt as to my complete recovery) The» are pimples on my leg surrounded by red rings about so) What is it, doctor? This reminds me that I must get my oxfords half-soled as the holes are allow- ing the mire of the walks to get to my feet. The weather in Guatemala City is warm in the day and cool at night. The days are cloudless except for a few clouds that hang around Agua, Acatenango, Fuego and Pacayo volcanoes which are all clearly visible from my window at the Pan-American. The room is on the third flar and even at that height, overlooks the city. All the buildings have beautiful tile on the floor, Cne of my first problems in Guatemala City was to get the permit to carry a gun 541 205-74 and to get the gun and ammunition into the country. A letter written by.Hall on the 26th of November proved to be only an intro- duction to getting the permit although he said that we would like to have the permit sent to Barrios so that I could take care of matters there when I arrived. When I called the Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, he said that the permit had been resolved and that I was to check with the Ministerio de Relaciones Exterior (State Department or like Office of International Relations) at the National Palace where the permit was being approved. I do not think that Ministerio of Defensa Nacional had even written out the permit nor did he think that I could reach the M. de R. E. before he had a chance to make one out but I did get to see the M. de R. E. and found out that he had never heard anything about such a permit! It was five minutes to noon, Friday and at that time he could not get in touch with the M. de D. N. so asked if I would not return Monday at ten o'clock. Arriving in Guatemala City on a weekend, complicated matters considerably. The American Embassy closed Friday at four and could not be of help until Monday. Imagine hours from 10 - 12 and 2 to 4 with Saturday and Sunday and all holidays off} in visiting the various offices of the Guatemala Government, I found an anxiety and confusion which to me spells instability. This observation is proving true as I receive information from different sources. I did not believe Docking in Lawrence when he told me that the country was unstable as based on the stock market, but I find now that the country is far from stable; that there is an underground movement ; that many people easily understood except 94+!1205-75 when they prounounce their names, that the anti-com- unistic propaganda is still in full force and that tha teachers ( most responsible for the conmmistic «ovement } are being screened etc. On the main floor of the National Palace is an exibit of all the pron~ Saganda used by the communists in Guatamala. It £8 ene of the nost effective demonstrations I have seen und includes all the literature, décuments, radio- grams, letters, movies, ete used by the C. They have piles of well bound books, magazines, pamplets, which are nrinted in nussia, 2bout pro-americanism, each pile 20 feet nigh und 30 feet at the base. Cne side of the hall is lined with rolls of movie film on con— munisne The sight of all this literature and prop- aganda material, which would fil] several box cars, is most impressive. One side of the larze hell has evidence and the operation of the communist in Wuat. with pictures of the brutal treatment of people, the killing, unhumirg the dead, etc. Right now the an. sinbassy is hishly geared in their propaganda-bocis, panvlets, movies, radio, loudspeakers, etc. Cn the vay out to the tInseo de Zoolozies y Historio Natural, I turned to a nan next to ua on & bus and asked him if he could sneak snvlish, ss I vas not sure where to get off. ‘To my surprize he could and was fron Vermont. This ire Sanchez is vith she american umbassy and was on his way to the horse races ( 1 latar found out-as he is livine at the Fan xnerican-that he won 754 thet day ) Ae to info. en directions, he was unable to help me as he naa «: * been 4n Guatamala only two weeis (3 years to go) The iuseo is lecated in the Vity “oo and is housed in a one story building about 150 by 60 feet. The poorly mounted snimals 2nd birds area arranezed in clese enclosed casese Two exibits in natural setting ( 10'x 4') are peor excuses for this type of presentation. The director Don Jorze a etre nt 341 205- 76 Ibarro vas not there and would not be back until monday, sO 1 left ® note. at 7.00 P.ii. he called t t t CL rancdecwy Shof Le bn Ps Direelers Charr be De ee efcos fe me at the hotel and wanted me to come out at 6.30 but I was not in condition to see him at that time because of the independability of my sphincter muscle. Senior Jose' David Alvarez, while he spoke not a vord in énglish, showed me thru the plant. From what 1 can judze, this man lbarro needs some work in KeU.e and 1 am going to tell him if he desires to cone to k.U., he will be supplied a scholarship. I'm quite sure that 4911 would be very glad to have the Director of the iiuseo de Guatamala his nupil and it would make for good relationship between the two Nations in terms of collecting in uuatamala. at present his taxonomy is out of date and his mus eum technique needs guidance. will see Lbarro nonday fer permits The Archaeological museum, next door is about six times the size of the Zoo iiuseum and is apparently heavily endowed. The disnleys are ex- cellent, including artifacts, large stone carveings paintings, pottery, models of houses and 2 section vou would enjoy which shows the colorful dress of the Mayan Indians-each particular tribe; also, how the cloth is woven. I dare say that the theme of their clothing and especially the colors, will be patterened in the UeS., at some time and that once accepted, will remain classical. I noticed that on the way home on the bus, that younger women would give their seats to older women and mene ‘She men sat'pat' . 5$41205-77 o fel woelear7rea a fre OeSS e770 “XN a Gase oY els «ere From my window the agua Volcano looks like this. the clouds are hanging around in the protected parte of the cone. As you can see, the well formed cone has been built on the base of a one tine much larger conee If this thing exploded, I am afraid Guatamala Gity would have to move again for the fourth time. Last night I washed <& white shirts, 1 pink shirt, 3 handkerchiefs, 1 pair pants, 3 undershirts, 3 shorts and 3 pair of socks in my 312.00 bathtub. When I eat in the Dining Salon, I wear a new white manhatten shirt which I purchased for ¢5.00. -as a matter of propriety. All my other white shirts were dirty and I hadn't time to have them laundered. 1 will keep the unironed until needede As soon as my diplomatic mission is complete, my white shirts will be stored until my return in Febuary. when reading for the return trip, I think I will purchase a dinner jacket. 541 205-78 These maids are certainly curious people. when lL leave the room, I always put the more valuable things in my grip and then close it with one of the strings hanging out, the other loose end is put back in the suitcase so that if tne lid is opened the string or tie piece will fall down and 1 will then know if the sult case has been opened. when that occurs which has been the o2se in ndarly everywhere I have had lodging (camp- -ed), 1 check my valuables to be sure they have open~ eed the suitcase thru curosity only. Nothing has been taken thus far. I keep the traveler's cheoks, 35 mn movie camera, shaver and all my documents in the casee In the interest of economizing on United Fruit Co's stationery ( 1 must have really taken @ hand full of this stuff ) 1 will finish the paper and then close for this sunday. ‘he church bells ring continually in the morning but 1 have not heard them this Poul. Vhey sound like five locomotives bells ringing at the sane time. ‘there is no rhythm or music to their sound. I do not know what the oocasion is but there has been fireworks going on every day since 1 have been heree The greatest noise in the City comes from the motoroycles which one has to watch more than motor traffic when crossing the street. The many bicyoles are also a hazards 1 have te smile when the President passes thru Town, which he does veriodically, and down the main street. He rides in a large black car preceed ed by &@ dozen or so traffic policemen on motorcycles. kveryone is directed to stop their car and pull over to the curb when the President passes. it is supris- ing how many policemen rally to the call of the sirens on these occasions. The policemen all over the City are in greater numbers than are necessary except for a single reason-to stand by ir case of trouble. The Indian market is just something you will have to seee 1 never realized that X'mas was celebrat ed as much as it is in Guatamala. Every store has X'mas merchandise, especially toys-in fact, they have all the American items as well as many other items 541 205-79 as welis There is a greater selection of toys than Il have ever seen in the UeSe It really looks like home ( Pardon- not in all respects. ) Yesterday a car passed with American xmas btaerols-baing sung. Toys in Guatamala are for the old as well ag the young and would estimate that 80% of the peoples in come go for them. Nell Jay to draw a picture of ‘the new Bob Vat Badge and tell me something about ite Do you have enough money to carry you thru Decembery address mail care of american imbassy- they will handle emergency calls. will probably be in Guatamala City at least two more days, depending how soon they can reestablish the rail service from Barrios. , Love J ames. Liaalimote Clip, Geatoneate hee. G, (95% Cotati Mr, A. Berm, sleack of the tnilikl Fut Co., tur eralirn ala os ee fone diner ep Pvlles , 3 autithags f Ohp Bn Bhs StF wba FC gacstlleed, they | hee an a prngle roe Lia sale pati nian Manat do oan ray teat Fe wlapipeed A tas foeennets prime prten plerrerce , Cathe 9012 few, has Mtns hess tlre uel atertrnt ones eto mses bh. Smits: lide seman weesesdtt gl Hash tical, A ated BO pDsod oieean ic preg ae — ALO Greeks main p ee a pee mit bn oe, Hie ae acd F-50,28 > Sie Bw 2s we csi ee Me fat ee Dherre tei As. ty a Kon a tear cial proctitis / ele p eal eg Z Lo... Pkere at whl fenols ff art detest Lhe wd herr, Cote tte , fy ee av webcast joe athe. «eg = - pacts Dipti Kawah scubimugieiigh jus A€ ss ny a at a 4. a a ee : Zhe tar trwedt fant mugdh 0 Cte pees Here Aartlad onal heb bt TbA8 book Cetiiatl, Lent rt fy a are mcs Lhe ae ae pole toma1 o Fit eval lV cal ve Gx. ov fi /4- 2? &2 avrnrtbed Ate d SO i. : ) : Tinig af . xf and 541208-88 lien Op. All at pie Kn gata Reoraner fopev po the “pee Fg ows ip vere a Prattae LZ, ob aad Ball ar. thal lb mre Eth Ch. Carte rnee soopir Z Lk. Crea % ooo 9 Lhe Change wo SM ivedt hed onrnes HL, ZL C4 0uL4., Se re, Dl Be Bcces D” bh Li opfienr Apo te IY we +A k Abher ween what, & tartd fork tip ato Litera, Otira (Pooks wBinay tttermena toa) Ae 2 tacd Lhir Che td cota Cpebnifcle. af Bby. Celina. (0760, L4bI mE oe 4 Hh for ertn Keg att <4 eva Lgt chugs), Loo SH nebirweel be Beaters ceand Bhag tena Etat Om YG Bh aed antl Lok tae of Che Geto dn Ce_tefirente ( be clinithniag) 22 hemes He Bere oe a : that Ones thvetinated fer yer | DB Brin ral etvteacitlad Garda Ce tcwn Dc pete ane y Law Cv NV Lhuk ole cots eb Lap pent fos ferment . ts shaw hy hat 2 | 7. a , Vankl Aeapthte tts. @ gee: te , A gl ff ee ee eee ee ane vped, Tle hac oy Ga f —: es Aft Chat io Arne & srt go Fock & Ele etn. Pipes LD trrudll ston Blew Pinna Me ncig Gee Padeenniateores lerls Ble. , teri tates rea permat to Carnay Lhe oma 3B akiny Agee ae Privates de Aeterna Finer ( Loe sie De he. 541208-89 oe eee Le haley coibd burbercy vin Calon Zova bah PPion a, eeucdted Rina Cae aeterten A te pn ae se (elim da anton. LATE TES pees ne a Ae taach ete perm, gf Ltee PY cea 49 Zicae fone ae 70,000 fe tie Aud Cp pret Chee Y. . a ok Le , ie ra , Micon i a Lthly ee fen ty tS te lh oe veg Line ear sehen te an er plus wtre slid! afind ewewab gene atin he po 200 Digs tLe. ~ é ao le sar aon 9) el Hi tilda eS Lp Seles a - oe notte gmat vad sbeed om Clan te wind hee 25 itt Artiom GAC hard Aho ge latat Le Chaped Machnetinangs VG Lhe nerTh ae (a meek ov sey te ae cee ee wwikele felin Yair eozi7 ee Eee a Yat. 3-/o ip Rly enn 541 208- 90 F500. « ft hey ee ae oe 27" fou fot Jan oro: J Omer d kin. Lo fret =e Barviee, thin Hilt tue att of the nog ow Lipinres Aeternrtey 5 . Bealls Hie At one Be wees AtXferrees, 47 pbaced 1 oer 2ltourt ay A rreit PS. Bywe ated af, Z : Spee el st an Aiaatimwea te fre Che tartan ae Che brown te i port OT Widest as ws aed ome of Ate bart ome Sti a. the stat, bf 4, Gurl 2 Live mae Arp anet anrtitiiu. J Crack Lh Pm te ba Lhe of my mort ad wig he eer tena At Lerrrehae - 54)208~- 91 + atermate C. a aad fr et ee 5 ( ote FG, (9S A yea ; £2 Sineeread . clhiared tudeperrclente , Cie XK 1), ii Pala Glen oe G de Arttenm tre, de /9S4 no /OPSFF Loélogo el Museo de Historia Natural de Kansas en el Pais Hard Estudio Sobre | Nuestros Mamiferos Con el objeto de realizar im- ‘portantes estudias sobre la vida de nuestros mamjferos, ha arri- bado a Guatemela . el Zodjogo) doctor James Bee, procedente del Museo de historia natural de_la Universidad de Kansas, EE, . El doctor Bee permaneceré tres meses, tiempo que dedicaré 2) capturar pequefins emamiferos en) diversas localidades del pais, sien- | ‘do probable que visite 16s depar- tamentos de Huehuttenango, Qui- ché, Escuintia e Izabal. ‘En é] Museo ce historia natural el z06logo doctor Bee, fué aten-, gido pér e] sehor Jorge A. Iba- | ra, director dél museo, quien inostré al distinguido visitante las aneree colecciones de dicho. cen- TO. ‘ i Las actividades ciéntificas del Museo de historia natura] de Kansas ya-son.conocidas en él mused dé Guatemala al través dé. 6us validsas - publicaciones, entre | Jas que sdbtesalen las siguiéntes: American Wease!s por. H. Ray- mond Hall, diréctor dé aquél-mu- . seo, Mammals of Kansas’ por~ B. ; penal Sockrum, Amphibians and | M G eptiles of. Kansas, por Hobart . Smith, etcétera. . El doctor Bee escribiré un libro sobre los mamiferos.que logre es- -tudiar én nuestro pais y tiéne sé- | einiasd de encontrar nuevas sub- | . especies, : . 341 208-92 PueLimeate: Gly, becatemate:, dec, 7, 954 ge a alases y te tar’, A kafaet ea: eiaages Vorrebcar: 2 hee. 0, 795% at Giooltrm. tut wotll Howe Le tract tent rllec.. 11, 79S chee. 12, 1¢S4- sited ey es Y and Lttrs 6 Math Aull Z£ BuneLZZe - zx 10:02 A.W, hol cerar fe , DLE EL ILEETE GET , frm Wenace Macwener. thee entl aboage be lhe as Ae 7 Chana hed ante Tom, (ehantotnntonange ft, one 541212-93 he at tock of thie phare writ te choutigzat tod Barth ese, a dp A han rate! the ftw, Bauch fi til tag i RE GAAS eth Doretinn fant, 995, Thi att Tete me a ower Vora, Cy & antl he Ai i, Jt fe Beas dige, “Pti sn, Cerca og 7 eal / | tes a pus ok tance pon Ag tet bf Ate, Bobulal eid, WY Lage yaw ane fret ditt hy ror awe’ Chat tke tenn, wrt Der pirorbentats Apfel, Ueat o thay rae Cort Lathe a feb ceace, Aewelepue dh 2 rrarted/ KYewne Aceon t L the Re P4104 Athinw 2s of Ferre hint Le stithay: ll ap en cae ty Hen (Lf rel doorer). Litome brace ae a eg S4i12)e-94 [pido tutors, eke lane Oe he tontawag TG foe, BO icant Av Lek zz Kove vi O4'215-95 Bn 13,169 a7 f Fit BOD ast at SEO, Tetoncecpa y OG One ROE at; Paes Covad tin Te Nites tat Lontd mot get! Rann haut I hin betarunt G end #0 Vtinued b (ne RE 4, Gooo,t., OT es Faappectaen Prenton LW mglt Be Febery met hewrrccat Sugtetbe. ai, Dds Elkiotic nrvecetid th Wutlffe Ett Trnilhtoar Gor 870, Berdate, ?) avec he Foret Mfott Cherch. 0. oy 533, Brolepinrdenee, ioenean, Bhie brother. ehh Sen pee Fe anedae nb, Chine 1945 Pre. Fett Hoek, Lowe Bitebern a1 mew former Fe tusk. got 020 tania Voss-a ee ee Prine Citeti set Memon gui 629 eatin, Mabrrat pre Mirth (rratln 9 bay wef boven ot 206 Werk rin , Sostiepirnrebiics sig POOF av Maven, 541215-96 Nebay, Guat amala. Dec. 15the, 1954 Dear annette: If this letter reaches you 1 will be surprised. Guatamala is rough country in every way you look at its for instance, it has taken us three days to trav- el from Guatamala City to this place, a distance of 166 miles. The factor of time is of major import- ane@ o Before finally getting away from Guatamala, I had many exasperating rounds with customs. The car was finally released on Deo. 10th. at 6.00 P.M. In all, there has been five eomplete inspections of the equipment. On Dec. llth. a permit to drive the car was issued by the police in Guat. On the even ing of the loth. I went to the police station and asked for the permit so I could get started the next day. ‘Manana' was the answer. They told me just where to park the car that night which was 20 feet from the front door entrance to the Pan-American Hotel. Next morning the front side window of the car was broken as well as the look-the door left open. I am sure I aade the mistake of telling the police where the car would be parked during the night. There are two explanations of the vandaliea the one-the garrage offers proteotion-perhaps a gentle reminder to use their facilities; the other, conmunistisc outburst. On Sunday I left for Chajul.e Ibarra in- sisted I take along one of his assistants-Senior Carlos Paredes (dusts cases) a fine fellow tho has no knowledge of collecting or sooking-one of those individué&’s you have to train by showing them how to break an egge ity trip was planned for ‘solo flight *-an extra oomplicated matters. He wore ox- fords and had no bedding. He used my sleeping bag for a mattress, a blanket and all available coats for bedding. Beyond this obstacle it necessitated ,the removal and storing of all the gear ateavery stop, an operation I had eliminated in my original plans. 5412)5-979 On rainy days the car was so crowded it was nost im- possible to operate, whereas, it had been previously planned, room would be.:available in the car, rain or sun, to work dntire in the car. Departed 11.00 AsM. Sunday for Chajul where I was to meet a Senior Arranes who is a representative of the Government and owns several fineas near Chajul. He was to show me mocha mamiferas but conveniently left a day earlier because of urgent business. We made our way across the country via Chime altenango, Solala, Encuentros, Chichicartenango, quilbe, Sacapulas where we came to an abrupt halt- the bridge was out. We were directed to go this way by arannas and all questioned informed us this was the way to Chajul. The bridge had been down over two months. To reach the other side 1t took us & day (fifteen hours) of travel via quche’, Totanicap= en, Quezaltenago, Huehnetenango to Sacopulas which was on the opposite side of the River. On the way to Chajul, we camped petween here and Nebaj, near the top of the mountain. Next morn- ing mt dvranes on his way out and he told us to pro- ceed to Chajul and to stay there until his return,in a few days, when he would take us on to his finease Continuing on toward Nebaj we reached a point about five miles beyond to find the road would permit the use of cars with x ‘tra gear and high olearance e Returning to Nebay we made camp 1 mi northeast end will remain here for a couple of days. We are in a bole and I am anxious to free ourselves and reach a primary road ( about Sth grade in the UeSe ) & heavy rain would isolate us for weeks. I will not try to describe the roads in Guatamala. Will say they = are about ten times as hasardous as the Burma Road % 1 don't know how many times I have had to apply all my knowledge of engineering to predicate the stress and strain capacity of the structures. In driving 541215-98 100 miles you take at least that many chances of dropping to oblivione The roads are in the most rugged mountains and are carved out of solid rock. The thing that characterizes these highways are the abrupt drops- up to 2,000 feet oe Peet If there are no mountains you often travel roads built in sides of highly eroded canyons-thus: c All this country is of volcanic sediment in nature and the canyons are deep, atraight wall- ed and narrow. You trevel for miles in low gear -going up and goitly down. 541215-99 ‘A breakdown in this country would spell disaster to the Expedition. It would take months to get mechan- -ical attention and parts. 1 may exagerate some- things but the roads in Guatamala, I do not. Lake Atetlan is indeed beautiful and mech larger than my preconceived idea of sama. To see it is worth the trip to Guatamala. The people are orient- al in many respects and reminds me of India and Uhina Bach village or area's people seem to have a differ- ent pattern of clothing. at Chichicastenago it is predominately red-at Huchenetenago the men, like ‘Uncle Sam* wear red and white stripped pants. It is pathetic to see so many drunken people. Out of approx 100 Indians which were returhing to the mountains out of Chichi-32 of them were drunk and lying along the road side. This status of affairs, I understand is only common on Sundays -a result of their indulgencies. Women are like- wise drunk. Guatamala needs probition $ We are certainly marked in Guatamala, In every Pueblo, village or Uity where we have stopped, ourious people flock around the dar. Often the word communista’is fingered in the dust on its sides. If it isn't that word it is is a word with ‘malo’ in it,such as malogastra or something like that. It is fdlly to expose loose articles as they will grab them and take off on the run. The stealing, 1 think is more resentment than thievery. I have noticed in the villages where only beans and corn are grown, they will take off with anything they can get their hands on. They evidently trink this highway robbery and stealing is legitimate. It calls for & protect- ion of your rights and property. The Communists are really desperate and their economy is in the "bed-rock' Incidentally the dust on some of the roads is 4 inches deep-bus drivers wear special masks. S41 215-160 The natives are using every parcel of ground in Guatamala for planting, especially the flat areas on top of hills and mountains. The steep side hills also are farmad. It would seem that they would find it difficult to maintain a footing on some of the slopes. Have not seen, as yet, & place where there is not som sign of human activity. Dogs are everywhere and are camp is pregnated with odors.e They urinate on the car, chairg table legs, food boxes eto. They are so starved you could tag it pin it on a board without the trouble of skinning it . at Nebay we had not stopped over two minutes when @ man from the Btates walked straight over to the car as tho he hadn't seen a white man for 50 years. It developed that he was from Kansas and the insignia on our car door drew him like a magnet. The more we talked the nearer home became. His brother Richard Elliott graduated in 1948 from K.U.- his wife's brother is now a junior in pre-med at K.U. and he--George Belcher and wife are living at 1222Misissippi.e How's that for co- incidence. Mr lliott is with the Sumer Institute of Linguistics-Univ of Oklohoma and is making a study of the languages of these people. His attractive wife and three children are here in the primitive village of Nebay. This area is the transition between the Spanish language to the south and the Indian languages to the northe The Natives areund Nebay have a very interest- ing language and it is amsing to hear them converse. It is a dignified stutter, with odd clicks and vocal sounds that I have never heard in all my travels. I do enjoy their chatter. I think their voice simulates that of the shineese altho it has a more pure mechani- cal manipulation. Ray (Elliott) insisted that i accept a gallon of white gas as the Guatamala gas was playing tricks with our stove and lamp. I will never go into the field again without testing ny equipment. S41215-)0\ 8 To start our trapping in Nebaj as/eompllewted as going thru customs. First, we had to get permis- sion from the Chief of the Village who had to con- sult with his advisors. Then,we had to have a pol- iceman go with us to the area we wanted to trap. Then, we had to procure permission from the owner of the land. The natives who actually farm the land have no say in the matter-they are subjects of the land owners. This smacks of the old feudal sustem or even communism. The poor natives are really taking a beating is Guatamala and reforms are necessary if they ever, reach a stable economy and society. Their police force consists of the first man that can grab a billy-club. All the natives carry machettes for protection-the law enforeement officers a mere billy-club. The Mayor, I noticed, had a machette lying on his desk with— in easy reach. : Every letter I write carries a Merry X‘mas to all, Love, Janes. P.S. after working this area, expect to ree turn to Huehustenango and then go to Chemal which will put me at about 13,000 feet; then, south toward qQuezettenam and possibly even toChamperico-if time permits. I intend to return to Guatamala City Jan. lst., if I can get out Of the north side of these mountains. It rained yesterday which means land slides and road repairs before the routes are open - ed again. All road repairs are done by humans witk & grubbing hoe type too’. Tell Hector that my Spanish in Nebaj is useless. Give the children an extra hug, and tell them I an thinking of them every minute of the day. Tell Jay that today 35 vultures fed on a carcass of an armadillo which was tossed a distance from the car about 350 feet. Did this carcass disappear in a hurry? When I get home will show you a movie of the feast. SEI ye 1 oe! UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Lawrence, Kansas December 17, 195 Sr. Jorge A. Ibarra, Director Museo Nacional De Historia Natural Ministerio De Education Publica Guatemala, C. A. Dear Sefior Ibarras Mr. James Bee has written me of your recent kindness to him in cone nection with the arrangements that it was necessary for him to make in order to collect mammals in Guatemala. Mr. Bee has told me that you desire to carry en further studies here in the United States. Because we are a training center for peasons who engage in natural history work, Mr. Bee suggested that I write you,and because Mr, Bee recom mends you, we would be willing and glad to have you study here. In our experience a period of one full year would be a minimum of time that would be required for completing the maseun course- ab fight candidate desired to attempt tc obtain at the same time a hipher,depree (for examp), a Mistez of Arts Decree in Zoology), some addi~ tional months, or perhaps two full years, ordinarily is required in actual practice, The requirenents for the A. Degree depend in considerable part upon the previous courses and schooling and degree, if any, that the can- didate has he?_ If you have interest in uldertaking work here, please furnish me with _ @ statement of your previous Schooling, courses and degree, if any. It 16 my understanding that the Technical Assistance Board of the echnical Assistance Comittee of the Economic and Social Council of the . United Natians, New York, New York, has funds that are available for the support of Latin American students who wish to study outside of their ow countries, It is my understanding that if the Minister cf Education of Guatemala agrees to the wisdom of your undertaking studies outside of Guatemala, he could recommend you to the Technical Assistance Board and receive the necessary funds for you to undertake the studies that Mr. Bee has mentioned. By referring to our correspondence file I note that we have had previous correspondence between the dates of November 2, 1948, and December 27, 1910, and I note in particular that you received from me a letter dated November 8, 19L8, concerning several aspects of natural history museums. On January 8 I expect to leave here to visit New York City and I could make inquiry in person at the Office of the Technical Assistance Board of the United Nations. However, I would need to know your plans and desires in order to make such an inquiry. Any such inquiry on my part would be 54+1217-\03 x0 Sr. Jorge A. Ibarra Qe December 17, 1954 purely exploratory, informal and tentative because it is my understanding that any formal request for an actual grant of funds would most appropriately come from your Minister of Education or other appropriate Guatemalan official. Thanking-you again for the assistance that you gave to our Mr, Janes Bee, now in Gustenala, I beg to remain Sincerely yours, E. LA Hall, Director Museam of Natural History and Chairman, Depte of Zoology ERH/mr ect Mr. Janes Bee a ~ Airmail - / hee. 18,1954 hee. 17,1954 _ Leopped ct Cmisel detec ttt acl of ist fF 541 220-104 Nebaj, Guatamala. Dec. 20th., 1954. Dear énnette: If the weather gives us a break, we will depart from Nebaj tomorrow. The last Week has been exceptional as far as weather is con- Cerned-ralned all the time and temperatures at noon between 45 and 50° Fahr.-one of those exceptional spelis, I am told. The artic was never like this. Our problem 1s to get a dry day so we can negotiate about 35,000 feet of steep grade. The road contimes thru the cloud forests which have received a con- tinuous downpour since we have bedn here. If the road is washed out we may spend X'mas and New Year in Nebaj. On my way to Chemal, which is about 12,000 ft. alte, I will drop Carios at Huchuetaenago-he re- turns to Guatamala City for X'mas, then, he will be back and remain with me until Jan. lst when we will return to Guatamala City. The work at Chemal will finish the northwest part of Guat, and the areas of high elevation. then, I can concentrate on the lower regions ~~ the plateaus and the tropies. I never realized that X'mas was so popular in Ventral america. The people have been planning for this holiday sinoe 1 came to Guatamala. On X'mas I will be about as far out of ciroulation as One Can get in this country but I will be with you in spirit on that day. Last night the Elliotts invited Carlos ana me to suppere In their front room stood their tree decorated in the traditional ways Tho Blliotts live in a comfortable house ex cept it lacks heat ( 1 just about frose)-large enough for the four children. It is Spanish in design and crude but adequate. The bathroom tub and sink are made of cement. The cook stove is ‘made o¢ brickS ANA cement, S41 220-105 «s The heat from the kitchen stove can- not reach the dining room or any other room except the pantry. The dining room is about the size of our bathroom. Thair first home was a ‘baska’ witha dirt floor $ They are allowed 25 watt globes and pay 403 a month per outlet. ‘he electricity comes on in the evening at 5.00 PeM. and is shut off at 6.00 Acie Linda,ilarsha and Steve are about like Jay, Chris and Polly in age and are all well developed both mental- ly and physically. The baby is in the crib. They have exactly the same children's books as our child ren and in addition a good library of records which- seems &@ part of them. Linda has just finished the book ‘Neighbors’ which Jay finished last year. Mrs. Elliott had quite a time with her last baby. When she was due at the hospital in Guatamala Gity, the roads were washed out, the communists were in power and would not permit her to leave Nebaj. There was no gasoline available for their car. They apparently were able to surmount these obstacles “and finally reached Guatamala City Maternal Hospital 541220-106 - by plane-the baby arrived three weeks later. For supper irs Elliott served a royal meal compared to our fare of sardines and hard bread. In- cluded in the several courses were potatoes, gravy with the meat, beets, biscuts and butter, blackberry jam, cakey pudding and tea. The native servant serv ed the mal. The cake-pudding was very fancy and while you may have heard of its preparation, it was novel to me. First-she puts the cake batter into the pan. On the top of it she places a chocolate syrup, which,as the oake begins to rise, moves down and under the cake and more or less floats it. It is @ really delicious desert. For the blessing we all held hands and sang the dozology { This was all new to Carlos who had never experienced this sort of formality and probably never eaten with an American family before. According to Mr. Slliott the native Indians are really taking a beating. They produce the wealth of the land tho share little in it. There is just as wide a separation between the natives and the so called Iguanos or land owners as there is between the English and the Hindus of India. There are odr- tain land owners who have literally stolen the land from the natives, either by legal technicalities or crooked dealing by vetting their finger prints on deeds after getting the natives drunk. The Iguanos have brot whiskey into the area for the purpose of dezradeing the natives thereby reducing the resistance from them-1 found this out when I got permission to collect in Nebaj-the native does not own his farm and does not have any say as to whether we could or could not hunt on his property. The Iguanos control the life of the native and as a result the Iguanos are powerful and in nearly every case, riche It is interesting to note the yuiche 54)220-)]07 ‘language is spoken to the south and as far north as the top of the mountain but in only a mile or two (airline) the language spoken is so different that a Quiche’ cannot understand it. nor oan any spanish individual. The langauage at Nebaj is Ixil (pro- nounced Bshel) I may have mentioned it before but if not, I say that it is worth while to take a trip to Guat. just to hear these peoples gonverse. At our camp there are always 4 or 5 pérsons discussing the pecularity of our operations and if it were not for their conversation, I would accomplish considerably more-just can't get enough of thelr fascinating blabber. I call it the railroad language as every other sound is a ch- ch, ch, ch, Che They have many mechanical sounds that are made with the trachea closed, and are sounds made with the int ake of air. As far as I can interpret the sounds, the names of some of the mammals are; english, skunk- spanish, sorillo-Ixil, tename; armadillo-ipoi; small mice, zZ01ie These people act and dress nore like the Nago people than any other race I have met up with. They arg short, muscular and as jumpy as the Nagos. I put a label on the finger of one of them after I had just finished putting one on a mammal. He turned around and ran just as fast as he could. He may be running yet ¢ §he women are the same timid souls as are the Nagase Speaking of labels or tags-everytime I put one on & mammal or bird, I think of you, 80 you s6e, you are constantly in my mind. I put on the hundreth tag to-day which is considerably slower than stringing them. If I would characterize these people in Guat. l think that for the officials or Iguanas, it would be » an individual signing a document of some kindg for the native, an individual walking ten feet and then 541220-108 looking back at our camp before continuing the next ten feet. Wherever you look, you see somebody staring at yous If one of them approaches the car, 20 of them follow and in two seconds you are swamped by curlous observers-like the sheep crossing a bridge, one leads the rest of the herd follows. These people keep the camp manicured especially ridding it of cans, bits of wire, string and colored paper. I can now see why the comnunists did not succeed in their land reforms. ‘The large land owners were religved of their holdings and the natives were given a share of the land to operate. The natives have little business judgment-at least at this stage of evolution, are incapable of getting their produce to market or shouldering the responsibllity of operat- ing a farm. As a result the old land owners are back in power and will probably remain until such a time the natives can be educated to read, write and conduct the business required to operate a farm. Sleeping in the car is much to be desired. Beginning at daybreak one has full vision of everything that transpires. The windows are ag an open book. A tent obscures vision. many interesting caryings-on are missed. The country here is much like in asssm ex- cept the mountains are higher and the tops of the mount ains are a dense rain forest. Greens and yellows pre- dominate. The cultivated areas, :nuoh of which is clear ed from the forest,are well kept and green. The vistas are beautiful every hour of the day. Fog masses ara sontinually shifting. At one moment you are enshroud ed; the next, the view is unobstructed. sarly morning is mystical. The entire land is bathed in the evapora- tion from the fog which continues to rise from the ground. The sun, when it does shine, produces an effect worth a million to Hollywood. At night when the temp. is above 50°, on the ground the glowworms are every- wheree 54)220-109 Yesterday, I had my second attack of diamhea . It was unlike the first attack-lastedbut one day. I hope in time my immunities will reduce the sever- ity of the attacks. In this instance food was eaten unwisely. vUarlos eats the foods so why shouldn't I? logical isn't it-but, it don't just turn out that way. 4 small boy brot somes fried pork and tortillas. The x'tra cooking I gave them didn't seem to alleviate the condition that caused my trouble. Native bread is about the only food 1 take a chance with. Except for a contaminated crust, the chances of getting food poisining from this source is small. Bananas, oranges and other skinned fruits, I eat regardless of source. by-the-way, bananas sell for 14 each, , oranges 1g to 24% each -, bread roles are also a cent. These items are surprisingly low. On the other hand, 6ggs purchased from the natives, are 64 each. The Native's prices are low-the store operators have two prices, one of which is about double the other. If you are to be respected, you mst argue the price until it is reasonable and competitive. This bargain- ing seems to be a universal procedure with primitive peoples. There is one item of food which could be add- ed beneficlentiy to their diet-fish. At Nebaj there are beautiful large creeks, pools, cascades and water- falls. They lack fish of eatable slse. Management of this resource could help materially in their food needs. J have often wondered what would occur if our soaps were used by the natives. It undoubtedly would contaminate their water supply. Yesterday, I had three kids tie cloth mark ers above traps on the line. This 1 presumed would maxe for good relations between myself and the native population. Today I am missing 32 traps! ie also had a similiar experience with some gopher traps set in one of the fields. In the morning the traps were Missing.e I have learned you cannot be seen setting S41 220-110 .the traps as just as sure as the sun comes up, the traps will be gone. Ordinarily at Nabaj the people respect your property, that is, the native people. The nearer the pueblos the greater is the tendency to ‘abscond ovec em’. Another of the characteristics of the Guat- amalians is. their exagerations and misrepresentat ions I have heard the words'Mucho mamiferos’ so many times. In each instance the advise has proven unreliable. I now desire to form my own conclusions as to the best productive areas. ‘Mucho mamiferas* they say. Give them some traps and next day they come in empty hand ed. Ninety-nine pércent of our success has been & result of our own initiative. I have exactly $6.00 in ourrenoy which is just enough to buy gas to take ma to Huchnetenango. Traveller's checkgat this place are as worthless as & coat in July. It mst have been very difficult to operate this last month tho by Jan. you should have a more adequate fund on which to rely on. Tell Jay 1 saw a sword owned by a native that had the initials J.R.B.e I asked the man if he would sell it. Ha declined. This sword at one time, belonged to one Barrios from which the port takes its name -Puerto Barrios. Used the electric razor on 4 five day beard and 1 must say this 1 minute act shown on television is somewhat exagerated. aA three day growth, it hand les nicely-beyond that is murder. appearing civil- ized before the Elliotts called for combing my hair, washing my face for the first time in about 6 days. 1 have promised myself a change of clothes for the New Year. I think Carlos is becoming quite impressed with a democratic way of life-before he has been an under-dog, so to speak, and the idea of someone share 541220-111 -ing the duties of organising a camp or washing dish- es, is something new to him. He has always been ordered and had to shoulder the responsibillty of doing the dirty work. Doing new tasks comes awkward: to him tho he learns rapidly. His capacity for neat- ness around the kitchen cost me the use of the pres- sure cooker. The rubber gasket-thot he- could serve no useful purpose around the kitchen and out it went. Carlos tells me they pay him ¥60.00 a month at the Museum. Already, I think Carlos is better equipped to do field work than the Director-Carlos now uses the K.U. system. I must close now. 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