al ALAR Raat eh ta laa ha he al nal, ae eee eee ” Pre 7 > st a as a *« Ea es OO OI b Mo hoodie hee torts es Eres ~ eS see pe ieee Canes a asa cas co can ee eine aa co cae ec SE i ir 09 Pr Sa Sch a SY Ca CoP SP HOP PCat OM SPP APD Cn Cah OP Ca nh Cade Aen once he aah ea ad ey ca aoe nN an ror aie Rane oo aie coon a a ame aon un an or ah am aoe en eo ea cacao a aor cay an ay Gas am ae an er Ain actrees ho neh ae as Sanne Siliaeeneeieeannee :ieeneieneenneneeiatanenenmeeneeneen Le fs ES k PIVITUUUUUS GUCIIIOIIOR FOU OS OO OTC COO OTTO OUR UC UOU GOGO UIE FORINT \ MS 6363 TR BE86863 ~ = ofo { FIO’ ~~. NENNONANENES 26 2 ~ 8 ass rf TON 1088 hh 24 110K loxA Ie NNN rs NDA SANARENENANGNENANNGDG BOBQSIOROOROAE MC wile TLE TTA PT PPO PETE Pace cy nO TM Pe yen tey en ene | NII) MONOGRAPH OF THE TROGONID &., FAMILY OF TROGONS. BY JOHN GOULD, Eis: cc: LONDON: PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 26 CHARLOTTE STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE. 1875. TO niin GRA THE DUKE OF ARGYLL, K.T., F.R.S., &c.. IN TESTIMONY OF APPRECIATION OF HIS LIFE-LONG INTEREST IN ORNITHOLOGY, AND WITH A DEEP SENSE OF THE VALUE, IN THE ADVANCEMENT OF OTHER SCIENCES, OF THE ORIGINAL RESEARCHES TO WHICH HE HAS DEVOTED THE PORTION OF TIME WHICH COULD BE SPARED FROM THE DISCHARGE OF IMPORTANT PUBLIC DUTIES, Ze Chis Second Evition of A MONOGRAPH OF THE TROGONID AS, OR FAMILY OF TROGONS, IS DEDICATED, BY THE AU TEOR Waa PREFACE. rN me , THE ‘Trogonidee’ was the second Monograph undertaken by me, and was published in 1838. I quote the following phrases from my preface to the original edition, as it shows our position in regard to this family of birds nearly forty years ago, after the most ed strenuous exertions to arrive at a complete knowledge Or thent:— “ Having brought this Monograph to a close, I am led to hope that my labours in the elucidation of a tribe of birds hitherto involved in much confusion will not be destitute of some degree of value, more especially in the eyes of ornithologists, introducing to their notice, as it does, many new species, and clearing up the difficulties with which many of those even common in our cabinets have been previously surrounded,—difficulties arising from several causes, among which may be enumerated the differences in plumage which obtain so often between the males and females, as well as between the young males and the adults of the same sex, in some of the minor groups; to which may be added the circumstance of the subject not having been attempted by naturalists possessing command of those ample resources necessary for extricating the subject from the labyrinth of confusion in which it has long been involved. “It would be presumptuous in me to say that this Monograph is fully completed, or that I have figured every existing species; on the contrary, I have reason to believe that many will yet be discovered, both in the Old and New World, particularly in those remote regions which civilized man has seldom, if ever, visited: but in order to render the work complete up to the present time, I have not only done my utmost to add every species to my-own collection, but have visited all the principal Museums of Kurope, both public and private, and, as in previous instances, have experienced the greatest kindness and cooperation from the various eminent naturalists, private indivi- duals, and the officers of the natural-history department of every public institution. Indeed, without the liberality I have experienced, it would be impossible that a work 5 TT y rs 3 ey ogo ey Ld ¢ POPC RIL ILI LILI III PREFACE. J vl ld have been successfully completed ; and I am proud to bear my tes cou ¥ of this nature pear hich has been manifested towards me by the scientifie world timony to the liberal spirit w Among those to whom I am especially indebted I may mention the Earl of 5 in general. i; : f Pari nminck. M. John Natterer, of Vienna, Dr. Lichten- mee | f Paris, M. Temminck, M. Derby, Prince Massena, © : } ae. oa oe tein, of Berlin, W. Swainson, Esq., Sir William Jardine, Bart., and T. C. Eyton, Esq. My stein, AVY .. thanks are also due to my friend Mr. Martin, of the Zoological Society of London, for the Na € a kind manner in which he has at all times rendered me his assistance in this and my other cd publications. ” IILILIR x IRILIVY, 4 Of the honoured friends mentioned in the foregoing paragraph, only one, Mr. Eyton, remains to me; all the others, alas! have passed away. In writing again a preface to a Monograph of the Trogonidee, it is impossible not to recall their memory with a sigh; Ki but at the same time it would be wrong to allow regrets to mingle with the acknowledgments g ~ which are due to my friends and coadjutors of the present day. It is with pleasure that RIL I recognize the fact that for every single student of ornithology to be found forty = J, years ago, there are at least twenty now; and I cannot close these remarks without x recording my obligations to Dr. Sclater, Mr. Salvin, and Mr. Bowdler Sharpe for the +, assistance they have rendered me in the preparation of this second edition. With the ILILIL history of this family will also be remembered the names of Mr. Lawrence and > i ee a eee, © . a Professor Baird in America, Dr. Finsch of Bremen, Herr A. von Pelzeln of Vienna, and especially Drs. Cabanis and Heine, who, in their well-known ‘Museum Heineanum,’ have given a very ‘iptive revi Soe ave g a very elaborate descriptive review of the family; and, although not acqui- escmg im all their conclusions, I useful work. must acknowledge my frequent obligations to this Lastly I hay : Ne y ave to remark that, although I entitle this work a second edition of the Trogonide, it is j gonide, it is in reality a new ae , y new publication, all the plates having been redrawn, Cl e oD © ay . family down to the present d el eee ee eae WHA es eel eed te Ree) ted ie eed nd ner? iets ae eee ee ee ee ee bear My tes- lentifie world the Karl ot Dr. Lichten- ae Ksq. My ndon, for the nd my other Mr. Eyton, a pretace to ith a sigh ; »wledements leasure that found forty rks without rpe_ for the With the vrence and ‘enna, and leineanum, not acqui- ns to this edition of redrawn, : 4] : ry. Ob “We L.N..T R,O;D-U, C.141.0.N: AT the commencement of the Introduction to the first edition I stated that, in selecting the family of Trogons as the subject of my second Monograph, I was influenced by the full conviction, not only that it was one fraught with interest, but that much was left buried in obscurity, which when brought to light would materially tend to the advancement of ornithology. That my language was justified has been amply proved during the course of nearly forty years which have elapsed since those words were written ; for instead of the thirty-four different kinds then figured, we are now acquainted with forty-six species of Trogons, thirty-three of them being American, eleven Indian and Indo- Malayan, and ¢wo African. As their general structure and their habits sufficiently indicate, the Trogons belong to the fissirostral tribe of the Insessores. Greatly insectivorous, they seize the flitting insect from the leaves of trees, which their wide gape enables them to do with facility ; while their feeble tarsi and feet are such as to qualify them merely for resting on the branches as a post of observation whence to mark their prey, and to which, having given chase, to return. As in all other groups, however, we shall find modifications of the type, constituting the ground of generic or subgeneric divisions. “The Trogons may dispute the palm of beauty with the Humming-birds. Their plumage in certain parts shines with metallic briliancy, and exhibits all the colours of the rainbow. On _ other parts the tints, though opaque, are not less rich and splendid ; but a very short neck, feet disproportioned to their figure and bulk, and a long and broad tail mjure the harmony of their form, and give them a heavy port and aspect. Their IRIN g CRC INTRODUCTION. Vill pe: 1. dicarranged and luxuriant, make them appear mor : long attenuated feathers, W ith barbs disarranged < ant, apres re bulky implanted, that they fall at the slightest These too are SO feebly than they really are. ° . oo Ba ee . e : =o fi ar at t 1e slichtest tensio » agitation ; and their skin is so delicate that it will tear at tl o s «These birds are solitary and extremely jealous of their freedom. ‘They never fre- . sf a I T Talio 17 » cila 2A = nearta ~ 3 S quent inhabited or open tracts. They delight 1 the silence of deserts, where they even ~~, flv the society of their consimilars. The interior of the thickest forests is their chosen They are sometimes seen on the summit of trees ; but in general ICID, abode for the entire year. g a portion of the day without descending to e oO ~ y they prefer the centre, where they remain Fe Here they lie in ambush for the insects the ground, or even to the lower branches. = = which pass within their reach, and seize them with address and dexterity. Their flight PLILILILIR = 7 Though they thus conceal themselves in the J is lively, short, vertical and undulating. ~ thick foliage, it 1s not through distrust ; for when they are im an open space, they may ~~ be approached so nearly as to be struck with a stick. They are rarely heard to utter oe ? any cries, except during the season of reproduction; and then their voice is strong ‘e is strong, sonorous, monotonous, and melancholy. ‘They have many cries, from the sound of one of which their name is derived.” FRILILIL = Fe All those whose habits are known nestle in the holes of worm-eaten trees, which FR they ‘oe Wi eee & , y enlarge with their bills, so as to form a comfortable and roomy residence. The number of eges is fr : rere eggs is from two to four; and the young are born totally naked; but ther feathers beein ; 7 r thr ¢ gin to start two or three days after their birth.” The _positi i oe ion of the Trogonide in tl 2 | ‘Togonidee in the ‘Systema Nature’ has been, and still is, a subject of debat st ornitholocy ) e amongst ornithologists; but that the family is a very homogeneous one c is admitted on all hands ‘ amas. - Protessor Elnxles 3 ae a : Brent Huxley, in his Classification of Birds (P. Z.S. 1867, | a p. 467), places the Trogons in the C . ons he evar gons in the Coccygomorphee, in which are associ of ae y§ phee, vhich are associated a number 0 é S Of birds ur > followings under the following arrangement :— a. The fir tur rst toe turned forwards, as well as the others Chae eee ee tere Coliidee. _ tl eed te See) ed oe ee Cael 536342 seeteeienenteteteeee i Se PNOUR OD © iON, 1X mn > 7 . : ‘ b. The fourth toe temporarily or permanently turned backwards, as well as the first. Musophagidee. Ramphastidee. Cuculidee. Capitonidee. Bucconidee. Galbulidee. c. The second, third, and fourth toes turned forwards, the first backwards. Alcedinidee. Meropidee. Bucerotidee. Momotidee. Upupidee. Coraciidee. d. The first and second toes permanently turned backwards, the third and fourth forwards. Trogonidee. From this it will be seen that the Trogonidee stand alone in this last group in the curious arrangement of the toes. Other differences of internal structure are also observable, amongst which may be mentioned the presence of the basipterygoid processes in the skull, which are not seen in the other families mentioned above. Mr. Wallace, in his admirable paper on a natural arrangement of birds (Ann. ‘N. H. 1856, vol. xviii. p. 197), has the following remarks on the Trogons, which he places in the Fissirostral series between the Goatsuckers (though at some distance from the latter) and the Jacamars, Motmots, &c. He writes:—“We must observe that many continental ornitho- logists still place the ‘Trogons among the climbers, because they have their toes placed two and two, whereas those of the Kingfishers are arranged as in the majority of birds. But this is a point of detail which does not in the least affect the habits; for the toes are in both cases connected together at their basis so as to form a broad sole, giving a firm support to the bird without grasping. In both the leg is equally short and weak; and in both all the habits depending on the feet are precisely similar. Of how very little importance this change in the position of the toes is, unaccompanied by a change in their form, motion, or mode of connexion with each other, we may judge from the fact of there being species of Kingfishers and of Woodpeckers with only three toes, and which yet have no perceptible difference of habits from the rest of the family. It By ILIV Ke ° 4 J vv + INTRODUCTION. D-€ hese birds from their respective a GUT O VIO VIII OIUIIE ) to withdraw t (and as unnatural to separate the Kingfishers from would be as reasonable ¢ them a new three-toed family, as As an instance how totally unable the Trogons \ families and form 0 reasons assigned. f like climbmg, we one would think they would get by the Trogons for the may mention that the Trogons are to use their feet for any thing rincipally on fruit, which But no; d their attention on some particular tempting of South America feed p alking after if they could. and having fixe they take their station on a bare branch oe climbing or W about the middle of the tree, fruit they dart at it, seize it dexterously on the wing, and return to their original seat. Often while waiting ender a icuttree 10° Chatterers or Pigeons, have we received the a Trogon by the ‘whir-r-r’ of its wings as it darted shee WILLIE first intimation of the presence of at this habit seems confined to the Trogons of America. In Ry. =. ~~ amit. «lb Is curious th - y 1 the numerous specimens 1 have opened ¢ ~ the East I have never yet observed it, and 1 nothing has been found but insects. The African ‘Trogons also appear to be wholly imsectivorous. he American Trogons, as they have es Mr. Salvin has also kindly forwarded a note on t i re uk. i A ee : ‘ ne under his observation during his travels :—‘‘In habits, Trogons are inactive whilst O~ Oo o~ OO” On oo o~ oo o~ om Orn oo. OW € able time almost motionless on the branch on which a at rest, and they remain a consider y, x Y they ar iti t y are perched. The position of the body when thus resting Is nearly vertical, and I 1 a D a + > p spasmodic ; . ee or pe ic; but they appear to seize most of their food, whether it be msect or fruit, when on the wing eee wing. Of the former, the larvee are mostly preferred, and I have not unfrequently found large caterpillars in the stomachs of those I shot “ pace. The feathers are peculiarly soft and dense. The skin of the Trogon is perhaps thinner . op mer and more delicate than that of any other bird. and exceedingly difficult to remove, as the feathers dr athers drop out on the slightest touch; so that many a specimen 1s spoilt by the bird falling against a branch after bemg shot. Much confusi ; : i nfusion has arisen in the sy aay nt tis ee ie synonymy of this family from a want of knowledge of the peculiariti rities 7 2 : ; E of young and maturing birds. An examination of a very extensive series ¢ al feath tH E 1 | W t { C ers 1n 5 oung individuals are le I ger and more | ol : a | the whit : : e bars are wider der and less numerous. In the maturing bird the rectrices become Squarer with su 1 ecessive moults : The wi ults, and the amount of white in the bars less in quantity Vine-coverts re subi g , too, are subject to considerable variati 1 ul able variation in the young ; these are frequently Fe ae ae Tee aes distinetl ‘ mot 7 : i tled with buff, as is shown in the Plates of 7 "8 ates of 7’. melanocephalus and Pharoma n the adult. oo auriceps, juv. These marki me NaXs or en € os are replaced by the stvle of eolours shown 1 mp —e. th eed tl Ped) te de ee INTRODUCTION. xi But the variation does not end here; for in such species as possess freckled coverts, the freckles become finer as the bird becomes older; and in those in which the coverts are black, the black becomes purer and more dense. In the case of Pharomacrus mocinno the young males in their first plumage are only distinguishable from the females by their more pointed rectrices; but after they assume the normal colour of the adult bird, the longer they live the longer and wider the tail-coverts become, the more prolonged the wing-coverts, and the more elevated the crest. In the ‘Comptes Rendus’ for 1857 (vol. xlv. p. 688), Professor Bogdanoff gave an account of some chemical experiments which he made with the plumes of Pharomacrus auriceps, and showed that by immersing the red breast-plumes in spirit all the colour is taken out of them. The red pigment of these feathers he calls “zooxanthine.” We remember that M. Jules Verreaux has also stated that in heavy storms of rain, the red breast of Hapaloderma narina at the Cape becomes completely washed out, and is renewed again in its full intensity only after an interval of some days. A similar fact is noticed in the red wing-feathers of the Touracous and in some of the American Chatterers (Cotinga). In the fourth part of the ‘Museum Heineanum, Messrs. Cabanis and Heine introduce a number of new generic names into this family of birds. The value of these genera is very small. Thus we find Pothinus used for a group of yellow-breasted Trogons including T. aurantiventris, a species perhaps not properly separable from 7. puella, which is left in true Trogon. The rest of the yellow-breasted Trogons are placed in a genus Aganus ; whilst for 7. swrweura another generic name, Hapalophorus, is proposed, the species being in fact most nearly allied to 7. aurantius. For the black-tailed Trogons the generic name Troctes is proposed, and with more reason than in the other instances; but here a sub- division seems hardly admissible, seeing that an intermediate species exists in 7’. clathratus, which partly closes the gap between Trogon and Troctes. Lastly, the genus Pharomacrus is divided into two, Tanypeplus and Pharomacrus ; but this, again, seems to me to be carrying generic subdivision too far. The species described as Trogon neowenus and placed, in the first part of this edition of the ‘'Trogonidee,’ under the new generic name LHuptilotis, is also considered by Messrs. Se ee ie Dene en ye Le eT eee By Kix So oo 4 ya . POH VI LILILIRY -f FIRIE * INTRODUCTION. X1V and Heine to be properly separable ; and for it they proposed the name Septuas ‘1 the ‘Museum Heineanum’ (iv. p. 206). Of this scarce species two specimens, an bird exist in the Berlin Museum, besides those mentioned in this work. Cabanis adult and a young The following additional remarks on species are necessary, 1m order to include the 5 RI LILILI IR observations of ornithologists which have been published during the progress of the present ~~, work through the press. PHAROMACRUS. P. MOCINNO. Since the text accompanying the Plate of this species was written, I have noticed that Bonaparte in his ‘Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 14, adopts the specific name mocinno, thus furnishing further evidence in favour of the priority of that name over his title of paradiseus. P. AURICEPS. ~~ Ox om. Ox o. ON o~ fos Oo. (og o~ Oo. Or > | Ox o~ o~ o~ o~ io On o~. o~ ‘Oo. o~ o v, A name (P. heliactin) has been proposed by Messrs. Cabanis and Heine (Mus. Hein. © - Behe . ly. p. 207) for the Ecuadorean race of P. auriceps. It is stated to be smaller than OY} the more northern bird, but not otherwise different. As Specimens from Antioquia are intermediate in size, and as size alone is a specific character of very doubtful value, I think that the Ecuadorean bird had best be considered merely a race of P. auriceps and not a true species. ik pecies. In like manner the P. xanthogaster described by Counts Turati € d alvé ‘] 7 87 59) 5 and Salvadori (P. Z. 8. 1874, p- 652), I have little doubt, is a variety of P. auriceps, but of interest w val > EC ; terest when the relationship of T. aurantiiventris to 7. puella is considered. TROGON, T. caLicartus. mT lo the synony Synonymy of ecie e ee this species th name 7. concinnus must be added ; this name awrence for a bird from P a young male of 7 caligatus. was proposed by Mr. L et ee os - . anama which must certainly be considered — aa ate aati De Lt Lod ti hate ad iti ee ne een +e ENTER ODU CETEON: XV T. MASSENA. Costa-Rica specimens of this species are said by Messrs. Cabanis and Heine to be smaller than Mexican ones, and to show signs of a white breast-band. These authors suggest that, should these differences prove to be constant, the Costa-Rican bird be called LT. hoffmanni. I have examined a large series from all parts of Central America, and fail to find any justification for separating the southern bird. During the progress of the present work, additional information has been published on the two following species, which I now add :— TROGON PUELLA. The range of this species is now known to be much more extensive than formerly supposed. Its occurrence in Mexico is assured by the receipt of specimens from Senor De Oca, from the neighbourhood of Jalapa. In Guatemala T. puella is found both in Vera Paz and in the forests of the great voleanoes of Agua and Fuego, as well as those of the low-lying lands bordermg the Pacific. From Costa Rica many specimens have been sent, collected chiefly in the forests stretching towards the Atlantic Ocean. Lastly the most southern point whence I have seen specimens is the voleano of Chiriqui. TROGON MELANOCEPHALUS. Mr. Salvin writes to me, “Of this species the following localities have to be recorded in addition to those mentioned in your book :—Merida in Yucatan, where Dr. A. Schott obtained specimens, one of which we possess through the kindness of the Smithsonian Institution; in Guatemala it is a scarce bird, and we have but one specimen, obtained at Choctum in the lowlands of Vera Paz; in Honduras T. melanocephalus would appear to be commoner, as the late Mr. G. M. Whitely obtained many examples of it near Medina on the Atlantic side; on the Pacific side of the same country I once met with several birds near La Union in the Bay of Fonseca; Mr. Belt met with it at Chontales ; and I have seen several examples from Costa Rica, which appears to be the southern limit of its range.” In general terms, the Trogonide may be said to be distributed at the present day throughout the forest-countries of the Indo-Malayan Region, Equatorial and South Africa, and eee ed a eee) wid tage SH taclBA W aiper a is °4e VILLI LILY Oy AY INTRODUCTION. Xvl t t Cc > { rica I 1 } ‘ ‘he range [ t] z f; nil V in past periods f | No 0 ropl al or Sou h-Ame rican {e101 . | range O NS al 2 S 40 the 1G INCE c 5 5 f } V een mu h nN (Dx ) ive Ss M Ah } 1Se€ Viiln -F 7. rds | al h’s his Ory a ypears to ha ie b I uc more xtel Ss 5 as . I OI Cc dw ards nas ear S s ; als | : { o] Re S} 1¢ S i i f 7 uicl LOue found ivi1Ocene ident ified wo humerl1 as belonging { o a species of Tr ogon., W ] 1 We In t he VI : : os ok A 1c - Hoc] formations of the Allier, in France. These he described in his work ‘ Oiseaux Fossiles de la France,’ ii. p. 395, as belonging to a species which he proposed to call Trogon gallus. Cc 5 . . 5 5 GOVT IOOU ~~, In America the Trogonidee are strictly confined to the warmer parts of the southern IHR continent, and some of the West-India Islands ; the most northern part where they are found é = PII x in Mexico appears to be Mazatlan on the Pacific, and the valley of the Rio Grande on the Atlantic side. Thence they spread southwards over the whole intertropical portion of South America, and as far south as the extension of the wood-region of the southern provinces of y, Brazil. Trogons are absent from the more southern portion of the continent, as well as . from the western coasts of Chili and Peru. In the West Indies the two largest islands, = On” lox oO. La om. ‘On . o~ ‘Oo. ON o~ Cuba and San Domingo, have each a peculiar species ; but none have yet been noticed in any of the other islands, not even in Jamaica or Port Rico, both of which possess forests suitable for their sustenance. From the Antilles proper I exclude the island of Trinidad and + Tobago, which belong zoologically to South America. In Trinidad two species identical ey: with continental ones occur. OO Y — a ei A Teel ie do eee Sinead te Se os ee ee ee ee heer ae ee me aT eae SYNOPSIS OF THE TROGONIDA. SPECIES OF THE NEW WORLD. THE ORBITS ALWAYS COMPLETELY FEATHERED. A. Bill moderately stout ; maxilla with a single terminal notch ; wing- and tail-coverts more or less elongated. PHAROMACRUS. a. Occipital crest well developed ; four central tail-coverts far exceeding the rectrices. 1. mocinno. b’. Occipital crest moderate; tail-coverts shorter than, or hardly exceeding the rectrices. a. Three outer rectrices terminally white. a. Occipital crest green; base only of outer rectrix black . : : 2. antisianus. 6°. Occipital crest golden green; basal half of outer rectrix black 3. fulgidus. b’. Rectrices black. ney ce. Bill yellow ; coverts a little longer than rectrices - auriceps. d’. Bill red; coverts shorter than rectrices . a - pavoninus. B. Bill feeble; maxilla with a single terminal notch; wing-coverts not elongated; tail-coverts only slightly so ; head with elongated lateral plumes . : : , : ‘ : Evprtixotis. A single species (EZ. neoxenus). C. Bill moderate; edges of both mandibles strongly serrated; wing- and tail-coverts not elongated ; tail-feathers without prolonged terminal emarginations ; wing-coverts either wholly black or minutely freckled with black and grey; throat and chest either green or blue or greyish black; no subterminal black spot on outer web of the two outer rectrices on each side . ; : . : : : : : ; TroGon. | JX ~~ ® we, FU IOILIRIOIN RR SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES. XVill Ry e outer tail-feathers on each side beneath either terminally a. Bill moderate; thre tail much rounded, lateral GRD ispicuously banded with white ; ng much beyond the middle of the tail. white or Cor feather not reachi : -own or olive-brown above a:. Female brown or olive-brown adove. a’. Belly red or deep orange. e spot on each of the three outer a’. Male with a large square terminal whit rectrices on each side. a‘. Rest of these rectrices black 1. mexicanus. white, freckled with black ~~, 2. ambiguus. FRIRIRVRVET RIED oe 7 a9 29 O, Cea. s black, crossed with white bars. 3. elegans. dp - - black, crossed with obsolete white bars 4. personatus. #°. Male with three outer rectrices on each side black, conspicuously barred with white bars. FOILILY, X e'. Terminal white bar not wider than the rest. 5. puella. y a’. Belly red 6. aurantiiventris. ~ BIR b°. Belly deep orange . f’. Terminal white bar wider than the rest 7. collaris. }°. Belly bright lemon yellow. qual black and f breast 8. atricollis. © Male with three lateral rectrices on each side, barred with e white bars (except terminal white bar, which is wider); yellow o = ‘On oo O~ Cm, o~ ow OX deeper d°. White bars on tail wider than black ones, yellow of breast paler 9. tenellus. b'. Female leaden grey above. -. Tail barred on three outer rectrices on each side in both sexes. e°. Belly yellow. g'. Head black 10. caligatus. h'. Head blue. c. Wing-coverts mottled 11. meridionals. d°. Wing-coverts black 12. ramonianus. f*. Belly red. | i. Head and breast dark blue i. ; : ; : : : 13. variegatus. k‘. Head and breast with green shade 14. behni. d@. Tail in male with graduated white termination on three outer rectrices, in female barred. ; g. Belly yellow. SI i i‘. Basal half of outer rectrix white : : : ; : : 15. viridis. m‘. Base only of outer rectrix white i “ é 5 16. chionurus. ees Pte o ee ee eT) eee SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES. X1x h’. Belly red Q : : é : : : ; ; : 1 = bairdi. e-. Tail of female, like that of male, not barred. . Top of head blue. nm. Belly yellow . : ; . ; 18. aurantius. Om Bellyanedar: ; : ; 19. surucura. k’. Top of head dark leaden grey ; : ; ; 20. citreolus. /*. Tail with square white terminations to the three outer rectrices in both sexes. 21. melanocephalus. ). Bill strong ; tail-feathers beneath either wholly black or very narrowly crossed with white bars; no terminal white patch; tail less rounded, lateral feather reaching far beyond middle of tail. g. Tail with three outer feathers on each side narrowly barred with white . clathratus. bo no h’. Tail wholly black beneath in male. i’. Chest with white pectoral band. p. Tail short, central rectrices with black terminal band above : s 23. melanurus. q. Tail long, central rectrices wholly green above, without terminal black band : ; : : : : ‘ : : : : : 24. macrurus. m’. Chest without white pectoral band no or » massend, D. Throat and chest grey; a subterminal black spot on the outer web of the two outer rectrices on each side. TMETOTROGON. A single species (T. roseigaster). E. Tail-feathers with prolonged terminal emarginations ; wings and wing-coverts conspicuously marked with white : : : : : : : : i ; : : : : PRIONOTELES. A single species (P. temnurus). SPECIES OF THE OLD WORLD. WITH A SPACE ROUND THE EYE MORE OR LESS DENUDED OF FEATHERS. F. Bill moderate, maxilla serrated as in Trogon : : : : : HAPALODERMA. a. Wing-coverts indistinctly freckled with grey and black, and washed with green ; basal half only of outer rectrix black : ; : : : 1. narina. b. Wing-coverts finely freckled with grey and black; base only of outer tail-feather black : : : : ‘ ; : ‘ : : : : 2. constantia. G. Bill robust, with a single terminal notch. : ‘ : : : : 3 < HaRPACTEs. a. Throat black. a. Size large: wing exceeding 4 inches in length. i a lar ent a eens eda aie al dal el Le Ss RIRIRIN + YR SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES. xX a. Chest black. ry d; head black, washed with blood-red - Garnan a. With no white pectoral ban i’. With a white pectoral band; head without rufous. to a‘. Larger, with a red nape-band - kasumi b', Smaller; no red nape-band 3. fasciatus. b*. Chest rosy 4. ardens. }!, Size small: wing not more than 45 inches in length. c’, Rump scarlet 5. duvaucell. d’, Rump sandy brown 6. rutilus. b. Throat rosy red. “I c'. Larger: wing 5} inches . hodgsoni. d:. Smaller: wing 5 inches 8. erythrocephalus. c. Throat yellow. e'. Head green; breast yellow, with a dull green pectoral band. TIVO I III IO IT TOIT e, Larger: wing 54 inches 9. reimwardti. ve pe ; = Q ae - Pree c 5 : f°. Smaller: wing 5inches . : ; : : 10. mackloti. N f’. Head yellowish; breast orange, with no pectoral band . 11. oreskios On Oo Oo~ FRILIL He J KN ee te eae 4a, nr Or “I Dm Tis i Pharomacrus mocinno. Pharomacrus antisianus. Pharomacrus fulgidus, Gould. Pharomacrus auriceps, Gould. Pharomacrus auriceps (immature male ). Pharomacrus pavoninus. Euptilotis neoxenus, Gould. Trogon mexicanus, Sw. . Trogon ambiguus, Gould. . Trogon elegans, Gould. Trogon personatus, Gould. Trogon puella, Gould. . Trogon aurantiiventris, Gould. Trogon collaris, Vieill. . Trogon atricollis, Viel. . Trogon tenellus, Cad. Trogon caligatus, Gould. . Trogon meridionalis, Sw. . Trogon ramonianus, Castelnau. . Trogon variegatus, Spin. Trogon behni, Gould. . Trogon viridis, Linn. Trogon chionurus, Selater 8 Salvin. Trogon bairdi, Lawrence. 32, 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. Trogon Trogon Trogon Trogon Trogon . Trogon . Trogon . Trogon aurantius, Spiz. surucura. citreolus, Gould. melanocephalus, Gould. clathratus, Salvin. melanurus, Sw. macrurus, Gould. massena. Tmetotrogon roseigaster, Vieill. Prionoteles temnurus. Hapaloderma narina. Hapaloderma constantia, Sharpe § Ussher. Harpactes diardi. Harpactes kasumba. Harpactes fasciatus. Harpactes ardens. Harpactes duvauceli, Temm. Harpactes rutilus. Harpactes hodgsoni, Gould. Harpactes erythrocephalus. Harpactes reinwardti. Harpactes mackloti. Harpactes oreskios. . } i 4 | ‘ : , ; i ‘ 4 : ® ‘| AS u ul ‘ 5 ‘ A Ms A GS4RGDBENGSENADANGDENGDGNGNGNGDGDGNANANESADGNADGNGDEDADGNGD PHAROMACRUS MOCINNO. Quezal. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Trog. eristatus ; tectricibus caude superioribus longissimis tripedalibus; supra et ad guttur pectusque splendide aureo-viridis ; ventre crissoque coccineis; rectricibus sex intermediis nigris, reliquis albis ad basin tantummodo nigris. Foem. vel Junior. Capite, gutture pectoreque obscure viridibus; dorso viridi; ventre cineras- centi-brunneo ; crisso coccineo ; capite subcristato ; tectricibus caude superioribus brevibus ; rectricibus externis albis nigro fasciatis. Rostrum flavum, in junioribus (?) nigrum; tars? brunnei. Beak gamboge yellow ; head covered with long filamentous plumes forming a rounded crest ; from the shoulders spring a number of lance-shaped feathers, which hang gracefully over the wings ; from the rump are thrown off several pairs of narrow flowing plumes, the longest of which, in fine adults, measure from three feet to three feet four inches; the others gradually diminishing in length towards the rump, where they again assume the form of the feathers of the back; these plumes, together with the whole of the upper surface, throat, and chest, are of a most resplendent golden green ;_ the breast, belly, and vent are of arich crimson scarlet; the middle feathers of the tail black ; the six outer ones white for nearly the whole length, their bases being black ; feet brown. Total length, from the bill to the end of the tail, 12 to 14 inches; wing 8 to 9; tail 8 to 9; tarsi 1 ; length of longest plume about 3 feet. The female or young of the year have only rudiments of the long plumes, seldom reaching more than an inch beyond the tip of the tail; the feathers of the crest are more rounded and not filamentous ; the feathers of the shoulders but slightly lanceolate ; the outer tail- feathers white barred with black, the centre ones black ; the whole of the chest, throat, and head obscure green, the remainder of the upper surface bright green ; the breast and belly greyish brown ; vent fine scarlet ; bill black. Trogon pavoninus. Temm. Pl. Col. 372 (not of Spix). Pharomacrus mocinno. la Llave, Registr. Trim. i. p. 48 (1831). Trogon resplendens. Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 29. ——— paradiseus. - Bp. P.Z. 8. 1837, p. 101 (1826, ubi®). Calurus resplendens. Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. 1. Pharomacrus paradiseus. Saly. Ibis, 1861, p. 138. Ir is scarcely possible for the imagination to conceive any thing more rich and gorgeous than the golden-green colour which adorns the principal part of the plumage of this splendid bird, or more elegant and graceful than the flowing plumes which sweep pendent from the lower part of the back, forming a long train of metallic brillaney. Nature appears to have ordained that birds possessing unusual brilliancy of plumage should be inhabitants of retired and obscure situations ; and in strict conformity with this law the Quezal, by far the most beautiful of its tribe, is to be found in the most dense and gloomy forests, remote from the haunts of civilized man, which may, perbaps, account for its being so little known to Europeans until within the last few years; for although the long plumes were used to adorn the head-dresses of the ancient Mexicans, and at a later period were transmitted by the Spaniards from time to time to Europe, yet it is only very recently that we have become acquainted with the entire bird. I believe the first perfect example was received by M a : t 3 ul 4 5 4 | ui ’ o eg el LL 7 a ie | VIR, T YLILY JILIRIRIRILI II TORII IR FLILILI RIL oO ae fter that statesman’s decease it passed into the hands of Mr. Lead- atter C StALe i. . 2 ‘Planches Coloriées’ of M. Temminck is undoubtedly the d it with a nearly allied species discovered in the late Right Hon. George Canning aia beater. The representation of this bird in the nee first that was published; but the author open ii os Brazil, and figured in the ‘ Avium Species nee eee ie oe edition of thie aoe nee ran Beene part of the ae eee - Pon information has been obtained respecting this ago. In the long interval which has elapsed much < Salvin for the full and interesting statement subjoined, fae bird; and I am greatly indebted to Mr. Osbert 2 vin for ae: 5 hich I am sure will be read by every ornithologist with the greatest pleasure oe which I am sure wi aoe ae ited by John Ray, Fellow of the Royal Society, and “In the ‘Ornithology’ of Francis Willughby (edited by Joh ce tory of Bird a aoe : 1 published in the year 1678), page 385, will be found * An Appendix to the co eee Oe Birds as we suspect for fabulous, or such as are too briefly and et aes _ a ae a k sufficient knowledge of them, taken out of Franc. Bleu a7 especially.’ Under te ee. a feathered Birds’ Willughby translates from Hernandez as follows = i feathers — a me be” ‘ tototl more precious than gold; and therefore it is oe ie of JEM. a a we a good part adorned with Peacocks’ feathers, of the ogee of a Pie o: Pigeon, Lang 1 yellow Bill, and Feet something yellow. The Tail is composed of very long feathers of a shining green and of a Peacock colour, like for shape to the leaves of MV/over-de-luce, and covered above wa ote plod. ones, but beneath and where they touch the Peacock-coloured or purple ones (which are in the middle) inclining to green, as if nature took care of the beauty of the middle feathers. The crest consists of shining and vent beautiful feathers. ‘The breast and neck underneath are covered with a red and shining plumage, and with a purple [pavonina], as is also the back and sides under the wings and the belly Ce legs; but the feathers in this last place are of a fainter colour, slender, and soft. The feathers of the wings are very long, tinctured with a dilute green and ending in sharp points. The feathers growing on the shoulders are green, but black underneath ; but those between the Wings are sometimes crooked and of the colour of the claws. The feathers of this bird are highly esteemed among the Jndians, and preferred even before gold itself—the longer ones for crests and other ornaments, both of the head and whole body, both for War and Peace, but the rest for setting in feather-works and composing the figures of saints and other things, which they are so skilful in doing as not to fall short of the most artificial pictures drawn in colours. For this purpose they also mingle and weave in together with these the feathers of the Flumming Bird. These birds live in the province of Zocolotlan, beyond Quantemallam, towards Honduras them. Only it is lawful to pluck off their featl indifferently, but only for the lords and , Where great care is taken that no man kill 1ers, and so let them go naked; yet not for all men proprietors of them; for they descend to the heirs as rich possessions. Francisco Fernandez, in some pretermitted annotations, adds concerning the taking these birds some things worth the knowing. The fowlers (saith he) betake themsel hiding themselves in small cottages, scatter up and down boil ground many rods besmeared with birdlime, ves to the mountains, and, there ed Indian wheat, and prick down in the wherewith the birds entangled become their prey. They fly are wont to sit, making and singing in consort. They have by the inst sticking to the birdlime, they in flocks among trees, on which they no unpleasant noise with their whistling inct of nature such knowledge of their riches that, once remain still and quiet, not Struggling at all, that tl injure their feathers. The beauty whereof they and killed than, by endeavouring ley may not mar or are so in love with that they choose rather to be taken to get their liberty, do any thing that may deface or prejudice them. saat ees and therein to build and breed up their young. They feed upon worms and certain wild Pinne of that sort which Mexicans are wont to call end. TI nor hath it been yet found that ever ! they would be kept tame or ] noise not much unlike Parrots, but they have a cheerful and ple to wit, in the morning, at noon, and about sunset.’ “Thus wrote Hernandez now two | existence of such a bird They are said to pick holes in tr 1ey love the open air, brought up in houses. They make a asant whistle and they sing thrice a day, iundred years ago; and Willughby, his tr as his Quetzaltotot] ia the family of the Trogons w described anslator, evidently doubted the 825 that a magnificent bird of uich can be no other than the bird Hernandez objects for illustration in | had lent to him by Mr. Le ame Trogon pav azilian traveller, S] : bestowing upon it the barb - It was not until the year ] as made known to science, wl SO many years before. When seekino: for ‘Planches Coloriées ; i nck : Ss Coloriées M. Temminck 3/2) under the n one then recently described by the Br renamed the same bird Mis well-known work the adbeater a bird which he le species to be the same as 1X, under that name. Tn 1831, however, De la Llave arous title Mocinno, under des Oiseaux, described and figured (PI. onin < 1 onus, Supposing tl which it is now known to the scientific ornithologist. Still, neither were Hernandez’s notes confirmed, nor was there any thing further recorded respecting the habits of the species, nor yet were the localities frequented by it sufficiently known until the French traveller De Lattre described bis visit to its haunts in Vera Paz in the ‘ Echo du Monde Savant,’ in an article which was afterwards reprinted in the ‘ Revue Zoologique’ for 1843. From about this date specimens began to be sent to Europe in some numbers, so that the Quezal was henceforth a well- known bird. ‘In the month of March in the year 1860, during one of my ornithological rambles in Guatemala (the Quantemallam of Hernandez), I found myself at Coban, the chief town of the Department of Vera Paz, and in the very centre of the districts in which Pharomacrus mocinno, or Quezal, is found. From here I made an excursion into the mountains lying to the eastward of Coban for the express purpose of hunting up Trogons in their native haunts, and took with me two of the most experienced Quezal-hunters of Vera Paz. The same afternoon that we reached the forests we intended to explore I was rewarded by securing my first Quezal. We had just started after resting In a deserted rancho of an Indian, and were making our way to the forest across the old corn-patch through which the track passed. I was threading my way amongst the decaying trunks of the felled trees, when Filipe, one of my hunters, came running back to say that Cipriano, the other, had heard a Quezal. Being most anxious to see this bird myself, as well as to be able to boast of its having fallen to my own gun, I burried up, sat down on my wide-awake in most approved style close to Cipriano, who was calling the bird, and waited, all eyes and ears, for the result. I had not to wait long ; for a distant clattering note warned us that the bird was on the wing, and a moment afterwards there sat on a bough not seventy yards before me a splendid male,—a sight that alone made up for all the toil and disappointments of the previous days. | Cipriano wanted to creep up to within shot; but I kept him back, not wishing to lose such an opportunity of watching the actions of this grand bird in its natural state. It sat, as other Trogons do, almost motionless on its perch, the body remaining balanced upon its tiny feet in the same position, the head only being moved occasionally in a slow deliberate way from side to side. The tail was not suspended quite perpendicularly, but hung at an angle of as much as 15 or 20 degrees to the vertical line, and was jerked open and closed again suddenly every now and then, causing the long pendent tail-coverts to vibrate gracefully as they swung in the air. I had not seen all; for a ripe fruit caught the bird’s eye, and in a moment he sprang from his perch, all life and activity, plucked the berry and returned to his resting-place. This performance displayed the gorgeous colouring of the bird to the greatest possible advantage. How common a remark it is of people, when looking at stuffed specimens of Humming- birds, ‘ What lovely little things these must look in life when they are flying about!’ But it is not so, as will be at once seen by placing a Humming-bird twenty yards from you. At that distance bow faintly do the brilliant colours show, except in the most favourable light and position. This is not the case with the Quezal, whose brilliant colours reflect themselves in every light. The rich metallic green which forms the chief colour is lustrous, from whatever position it is viewed ; and when seen in combination with the deep scarlet of the breast and the pure white of the tail its vividness is, if any thing, enhanced. The brilliant plumage of the living Quezal arrests the eye at once; and thus clothed the bird stands unrivalled, even amongst the feathered denizens of the American tropics. The Birds of Paradise alone hardly surpass it amongst the birds of the east. Such were my passing reflections as I sat with the living Quezal before me, when a low whistle from Cipriano cut my observations short, and the bird, settling on a nearer bough, was a moment afterwards in my hands—the first Quezal I had seen and shot. ‘The cries of the Quezal are various. They consist principally of a low double note, whe-o0, whe-oo, which the bird repeats, whistling it softly at first and then gradually swelling it into a loud but not unmelodious cry. This is often succeeded by a long note, which begins low, and after swelling dies away as it began. Both these notes can be easily imitated by the human voice. The bird’s other cries are harsh and discordant. They are best imitated by doubling a pliant leaf over the first fingers, which must be held about two inches apart: the two edges of the leaf being then placed in the mouth and the breath drawn in, the required sound is produced. Cipriano was an adept at imitating these cries; but I failed to produce them for want of practice. When searching for Quezals the hunter whistles as he walks along, here and there sitting down and repeating the other notes. As soon as he hears a bird answering at a distance, he stops, and imitates the bird’s cries until it has approached near enough to enable him to shoot it from where he stands, or to creep up to within shot. The female generally flies up first, and perches on a tree near the hunter, who takes no notice of her, but continues calling till the male (who usually quickly follows the female) appears. Should the male not show himself, the hunter will sometimes shoot the female. The flight of the cade pated ae hele Lal Le ‘ + o H 5 i ? ’ ny SIR 7 FOI g IWUVVTUVUIOS OT TOI IOUT ~~ IR oe IVIL ~ g FID Ry wi 3 € a UO @ AY X »y 1p 2 his wa stream aft ee : : 1 str ight 5 - the long tail- feathers, S, W hicl b never seem to be in C y; Fe el him. : ver : iia et fi ts nposed of the highest trees, the low Ch br anches O which (2. ée. , i is n torests Col { The bird IS never found but 1 ; ; a i a am an I t t flames ne height of the nee fr om a ee! seem ic Ee avo Its those at abou wo e eso food co isists S e ‘iting as a ’ fly t . Ser ci oe Alia: - are Pra eee ; ail then the scene is most exciting ¢ ey fly to and fro, «« Sometimes severé : or them. their long tails streaming after n several other par « Besides the mountains in the neighbourhood of Coban, Quezals are found 1 é parts of 28 Ss Cc sufficient extent exist, at elevations varying from 6000 to 8000 or Guatemala, indeed wherever forests of sufficien ~ ] level h forests are to be seen in the district of San Antonio or Chilasco, above ( set above the sea-level. Suc é aoe 7 : sh range of Chiantla, the southern slopes of the great Cordillera, the plain of Salania in Vera Paz, in the high range o antla, “ below Quezaltenango, and in the volcanoes of Agua and Fuego. From all these places I have seen LC ’ . . : ae : ae ast-mentioned, Mr. Godman, who travelled with me in 186]-62 specimens ; and in one of the ravines of the last-mentioned, Mr. , , shot a male with the tail-feathers nearly fully grown in the month of December. The months of February, s c - - i =) NESEDEDESE DEDEDE ee et er PHAROMACRUS FULGIDUS, Gow. Shining Train-bearer. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Mas.—Cupite aureo-viridi ; rectricibus tribus externis utrinque ad basin nagris, per partem apicalem dimidiam albis. Male.—Face and head golden bronze ; chest, wing-coverts, upper surface of the body and upper tail-coverts deep golden green ; wings jet-black ; tail black, the apical portion of the three outer feathers on each side white, with black thighs black ; bill rich yellow. Total length, 122 inches ; bill, 1; shafts ; under surface very deep blood-red ; wing, 7+; tail, 7. Female.—Head dark brown : chest brown, washed with green on its upper portion ; wing- coverts and back reddish or bronzy green ; upper tail-coverts golden green ; wings black ; primaries blackish brown, margined with buff; lower part of the abdomen and under tail- coverts light blood-red ; tail black, the three lateral feathers on each side toothed on their external webs and narrowly tipped with greyish white. Trogon (Calurus) fulgidus, Gould, Mon. of Trogons, List of Plates, sp. 24. Trogon fulgidus, Gould, Mon. of Trog., pl. 24. Calurus fulgidus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 71, Calurus, sp. 6.—Ib. List of Spec. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus., pt. ii. sect. 1, Fissirostres, p- £6.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 152, Calurus, sp. 4.—Sclater in Proce. of Zool. Soc., part xxiii. Dela Tue Pharomacrus SJulgidus, like the P. Antisianus, has of late ye ars been sent to Europe in tolerable abun- dance from Venezuela, whence many specimens were broug ht by the late Mr. Dyson. It occasionally arrives m collections from Bogota; in what locality these latter specimens have been collected is unknow but I believe the bird is only found to the westward, and perhaps the north-westward of that city. It may be at all times distinguished from the P. Antisianus by the basal half of the tail-feathers being black, and the terminal portion only being white; it has also a more golden-coloured head, and a lesser amount of the tufted crest-like feathers which spring from before the nostrils; in size also it is rather smaller. n to me, The specimens from which the figures in the first edition of this monograph were taken, and which were at that time in the possession of Madame Goubie, of Paris, were not fully adult, and consequently the bills were not so highly coloured as at the period of maturity. The Plate represents both sexes of the natural size. | a eo He \ _ Ox [BASENSNANG DEDEDE BADADASEBESCOG SCAG AGOSIGNGNCAS DGDEDEDEDEDGDCDEDEDEDE DS PHAROMACRUS AURICEPS, Gould. Golden-headed Train-bearer. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Mas.—Capite splendide aureo-viridi ; rostro favo ; caudd in toto nigra. Male.—The whole of the head, throat, cheeks and back of the neck golden bronze ; chest, all the upper surface, Wing- and tail-coverts rich golden green ; wings and tail jet-black ; breast, abdomen and under tail-coverts of the deepest blood-red, inclining to erlmson ; feathers clothing the tarsi black ; bill yellow ; feet reddish brown. Total length, 15+ inches ; bill, 1+ ; wing, 8; tail, 8. Female.—Face, chin and head chocolate-brown ; chest, upper surface, wing- and _tail-coverts golden green ; wings brownish black ; primaries margined with buff; across the breast a band of brown ; abdomen. and under tail-coverts blood-red ; tail black, the three outer feathers toothed on their outer webs and shehtly tipped with white ; bill blackish brown. Trogon (Calurus) auriceps, Gould in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ix. p. 238. Calurus auriceps, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 71. pl. 25, Calurus, sp. 6.—Ib. List of Spec. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus., part u. sect. 1, Fissirostres, p-46.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 152, Calurus, sp. 3. Selater in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxi. p. 137. Like the other members of the genus, this large and powerful species of Pharomacrus appears to be strictly a dweller among mountainous districts, and to be especially abundant in the neighbourhood of Santa Fé de Bogota, great numbers being comprised in every large collection of birds sent from that city ; I also possess a single specimen which was transmitted to me direct from Quito by Professor Jameson ; it is probable, there- fore, that it may hereafter be found to inhabit all the intermediate countries between these two somewhat distant localities. Like the P. Pavoninus, this species has a black tail; but it differs from that bird in many other respects, especially in its much greater size and in the bright yellow colouring of its bill, which organ is blood-red in P. Pavoninus. Dr. Percy has called my attention to an interesting article on the colouring matter of this species by M. An. Bogdanow, of Moscow, in the “ Comptes Rendus,” tom. xlv., Nov. 1857 ; but as these observations are more fitted for the Introduction, they are omitted here. Iam not quite certain whether the bird represented by the back figure in the accompanying Plate is a young male or a female, but I believe it to be the former; still, to distinguish the young males from the females with certainty, it will be necessary to resort to actual dissection. The figures are of the natural size. eee ee = arn er wre ww www wwe ( ' i y ‘ a latte head pete ol ee ET BESESESERE DERG, 636 I™ % & PHAROMACHRUS AURICEPS. Immature Male. Ir is not a little surprising that, out of the multitude of skins of the members of this family of birds that have arrived in this country during the last twenty years, not more specimens of the immature, or what, perhaps, ought to be called the ‘second dress” of these Trogons should have come to light. That Trogons don a very peculiar and pleasing garb for a short time of their existence is very evident. We see this strikingly illustrated in the youthful bird figured in the accompanying Plate; while a specimen of about the same age, and exhibiting a similar character of markings, is figured in my Plate of Trogon melanocephalus. The same kind of plumage is put on by the Indian Trogons, as is evidenced by the young bird figured in the Plate of Harpactes reinwardti. I have never set myself up as a systematist ; but yet I have never been forgetful of the importance of small characters in the great and difficult task which lies before all ornithologists—I mean the establishment of a purely natural system of birds. To arrive at this desirable result the works of specialists are necessary, especially those which take the form of that most useful of all works, a complete monograph of a family or order of birds; but in all my writings I have endeavoured to remember that a natural system of birds can only be developed by some master mind, who will take into consideration every single aspect of the study, and blend into one harmonious whole the elements of classification contained in the science of ornithology —that is to say, oology, osteology, internal anatomy, &c. For such a study the variation of plumage, too often neglected, affords most satisfactory connecting-links between families and genera of birds; and it is for this reason that I made such a particular point of figuring all the young birds possible in my recent work on the Birds of Great Britain; and in the present volume it will be found that I have also given illustrations of the immature plumage of the Trogons wherever practicable. The youthful dress of the Trogonide is perfectly unique, as far as I am aware, in the whole Avian series ; and, from the rarity of immature specimens in collections, I do not doubt that it is only put on for a very short time, as is the case with the Flycatchers. And it is the more remarkable because in the case of other Fissirostral Picarie such as the Kingfishers, Motmots, Jacamars, Rollers, &c. (birds somewhat allied to the Trogons), we do not find any such striking difference between the adult and young plumages. The specimen figured is one in my own collection, and was sent from Merida by Mr. A. Goering. ar re RABOOOSSAROOOBOBOOG ~ [SANGNASANGN4DGAGNADGNGNGNGAGAGNG SG DGDGAGNANGAZNAAGDANGAGDANSNGDEDGG PHAROMACRUS PAVONINUS Red-billed Train-bearey. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Mas. Rostro ad basin maniaceo, ad apicem flavo ; caudd negra. Male.—Head and breast glossy green in some specimens, rich golden green in others ; wings and the whole of the upper surface rich glossy green ; upper tail-coverts green, the two centre ones reaching to the end of the tail, but rar ely exceeding it ; wings and tail black ; breast and under tail-coverts rich scarlet ; feathers of the thighs and tarsi black with green reflections ; irides dark red inclining to carmine; feet ochre-yellow ; bill carmine at the base and yellow at the tip. Total length 134 inches, 677 1: , ING Wn ta Fe Female.—Head, throat, and chest dark greyish brown, tinged with green; upper part of the abdomen dark greyish brown, the lower part and the under tail-coverts deep scarlet ; feathers of the thighs and tarsi black with green reflections ; shoulders and the whole of the upper surface including the upper tail-coverts, which nearly reach to the end of the tail, rich green; wings brownish black with the outer edges of the feathers buff ; tail-feathers black, the two outer on each side obscurely rayed with greyish white ; upper mandible dark brown, under mandible dusky carmine becoming brown at the point ; irides brown. Trogon pavoninus, Spix, Av. Bras., tom. i. p: 47, tab. xxxv.—Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. part 1, p. 219.—Gould, Proe. of Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 107, 1835, p. 29, & 1836, p- 12.—Id. Mon. of Trog., pl. 23. Calurus pavoninus, Swains. Class. of Birds, vol. ii. p. 338.— Gray, Gen. of Birds, vol. i. jo. Zl. Calurus, sp. 2.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., tom. i. p. 293, Calurus, sp. 2.—Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., tom. ii. p. 273, & ibid. note sp. 3. Tanypeplus pavoninus, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein., Theil iv. p. 205. Pharomacrus pavoninus, Sclat. and Salv. Proc. of Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 583. Ir ornithologists will examine and compare my figures of the various species of this truly beautiful section of the Zrogonide, they will perceive at a glance that the characters of each are so cle arly defined that but little attention will be required to distinguish one from another. The bird here represented is the only species of the form that has yet been discovered with a red bill; if, then, this peculiarity be kept in view, and the uniform brownish-black colouri ing of the tail be remembered, the bird will be readily recognized. Its native country is the interior of Brazil, where it inhabits most, if not all, the great primeval forests bordering the rivers of that extensive region, but more particularly those which flow into the mighty Amazon. Spix was the first who made_ us acquainted with this fine bird by his figure of it on the thirty-fifth Plate of the first volume of his work on the Birds of Brazil. The late John Natterer brought specimens with him when he returned from his sojourn of eighteen years in the same country, kindly leaving with me a male and a female when passing through London ex route to Vienna. He at the same time informed me that he had had — ee lteter ciate teehee TO = fe ) aT. NE ) ) , S sO i co 7 ; ic GOVT IIOOI IOI III ITI III ~~ IRILIL JRILILIL OR FETC Oe of observing the bird in a state of nature among the great woods bordering upon the 1 the Rio Negro, where it is only seen among the highest branches. Since that by Mr. Wallace 5 and I possess a beautiful specimen obtained frequent opportunities upper parts of the Amazon anc period examples have been brought to England by Mr. Hauxwell at Chamicuros. Upon examini it to consist of the fruit ofa certain spe s, forms its subsistence. It arrives in the localities above mentioned ng the contents of the stomach, Mr. Natterer almost in- variably found cies of palm ; he therefore concluded that this, together with various berries and stoned fruit when its favourite fruit is ripe; and when the trees no longer yield an adequate supply retires again to other districts. To Mr. Wallace I am indebted for the foll this fine family of birds -—The Pharomacrus pavoninus “ inhabits the virgin forests of the higher and dry s, and is never seen in low woods or among the trees growl! arly the soft berries, about the size of currants, of the different owing notes, which cannot fail to be of interest to all who admire land ig on the flooded grounds ; but it sometimes visits the plantations to feed on fruit, partical species of Melustoma, the juice of which imparts a purple hue to their stomachs. These fruits are always taken when the bird is on the wing. The bird usually sits quietly among the branches until hunger impels oO - - (@ 5 it to dash out, whirl round the tree, and seize its food in its passage ; it likewise feeds on insects, which are a also taken on the wing, the bird darting after them and returning to the same branch in the manner of a Flycatcher. The cry of this species is very peculiar, and different from that of the other Amazonian Trogons ; . ae : e . a . ‘ e it consists of two notes sufficiently loud to be heard a long way off. The Indians ascertain the whereabouts of the bird by imitating this cry, which it immediately answers. On ascending the Amazon the bird was first noticed about the mouth of io Neg s \ iO, : ; nes: l of the Rito Negro, and became more plentiful on the upper part of that river; it was actively engaged in the search after insects about sunset, but was not seen to be thus engaged after darkness had set in.” ; The Plate represents 0 S sents the oXES atural s i } Lensi. é | s the two sexes, of the natural size. The Plant is the Eugenia Brasilensis. _ Nias} NGDGSESESESADADADESENASEESEDOOSAIES LIOGTIGIQOGIIOGOGGGOGOBOOOOOOBOOOEE 7) ee Le ie eee eee ae eee De mee an . wih 3 ediube-retes " EUPTILOTIS NEOXENUS, Gow. Welcome Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Mas.—Rostro cerulescenti-cinereo ; vertice, pectore, sic et dorso summo aurantiaco-viridibus ; capite cum penicillo gracili et elongato utrinque ornato 3 corpore subtus coccineo. 1 7 : Male.—F ace, ear-coverts, lengthened tufts posterior to the eye , and chin black ; head oil-green ; chest, sides of the neck, tips of the Wing-coverts and upper surface bronzy green, passing into bluish green on the lower part of the back and upper tail-coverts ; bases of the wing- coverts and wings brownish black ; the primaries margined at the base of their external webs with white ; under surface and under tail-coverts fine blood-red ; thighs dull black ; tail deep bluish green, the three outer feathers on each side largely tipped with white ; bill dark horn-colour. Total length, 13+ inches s boll AE: wing, 8; tail, 8. Female or Young Male.—Head and face blackish brown ; breast olive-brown, shghtly washed with bronzy green ; upper surface and tail as in the male, but not so brilliant ; wings similar, but paler, and with some blotches of dull buffy white on the innermost secondaries ; 3 abdomen and under tail-coverts light blood-red. Trogon (Calurus) neoxenus, Gould, Mon. of Trogons, List of Plates, Sp. 25. neoxenus, Gould, Mon. of Trogons, pl 2a: Calurus neoxenus, Gray, List of Spee. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus., p. 46.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p: 71, Calurus, sp. 5.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 152, Calurus, sp. 9. I First became acquainted with this species about the year 1836, when an immature specimen came into my possession, an examination of which satisfied me that it was the young of a very splendid bird, which could not fail of being welcomed with feelings of gratification by every ornithologist ; I therefore gave it the name of Trogon neovenus (Welcome Trogon), and figured it under that appellation in the first edition of this monograph. Subsequently an adult example of each sex were presented to me by the late Mr. Floresi, to whose memory a tribute is due for his exertions in the cause of natural science. An examination of these additional examples at once convinced me that the species did not belong to the genus Pharomacrus, as I had previously supposed, but exhibited characters differing not only from those of that genus, but from those of all the other genera of the family, and consequently that a new genus must be established for its reception, and this I have accordingly done, under the appellation of Huptzotis. It will be seen, on reference to the accompanying Plate, that not only does the bird differ from the Pharomacri in the character of its plumage, but that it has a more lengthened and less robust bill, and that the head is adorned with long and fine hair-like plumes, —a feature very unusual among the Trogons, and which is only to be found in this species and to a certain extent in Priotelus temnurus and Trogon roseigaster. es I regret that I did not learn from Mr. Floresi what particular part of Mexico this bird inhabits; but I have every reason to believe that it dwells on all the high lands, even farther north than the city, and pro- bably in ane neighbourhood of the Real del Monte mines, as it was in that district that most of his birds mere procured. At present it is extremely rare in our collections, and examples of no one member of the class Aves would be more welcome to collectors both in this country and on the continent of Kurope. The figures are of the natural size. eee LT ——— a SE SP i eee ae an ae ee ae Sek SS A ee Salted Vet) oa oda eae Cent ae 5 — ee ae — —— ~ GNESENENED NENENANG NENG SEDADANGNENENZAEASSZAKNEAANGZNGASNGAKNSNANENGACASNENEASAKNEDSD TRO GON MEXI CAN U S, Swainson. Mexican Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Trog. supra nitenti-viridis, pectore dorsoque concoloribus ; nigris, his cinereo punctatis ; torque pectoral alba ; duabus intermediis viridibus nigro terminatis, basaliter nigris late albo terminaliter Sasciatis. Foem. Supra olivascenti-brunnea, pectore dor gutture, regione auriculari alisque ventre crissoque coccineis ; rectricibus duabus proximis utrinque nigris, reliquis soque concoloribus, hie vie rufescente lavato ; 5 a . \ e . . . corpore reliquo subtis coccineo ; alis nigris brunneo parce maculatis ; remigibus externis albo Jimbriatis ; torque pectorali cinerascente obsoletd ; rectricibus duabus intermediis castaneis mgro apicatis, duabus proximis utringue negris, reliquis albo nigroque fasciatis ; rostro brunneo, mandibuld flavd. Adult male. —Beak bright yellow; throat and ear-coverts black, gradually blending with the green which covers the chest and the whole of the upper surface ; two centre tail-feathers green, with black tips, the two next on each side wholly black, the three outer feathers on each side black, with white tips; wings black, with the exception of the primaries dotted with grey; on the chest a crescentic band of white ; breast, belly, and under tail-coverts a fine scarlet ; feet brown. Total length from 11 to 12 inches ; wing 5;; tail 73. Adult female.—The top of the head, throat, chest, and back dark brown, inclining to olive on the upper surface and to rufous on the chest ; across the latter an obscure band of light grey; the upper part of the belly brownish grey, the lower part and vent scarlet ; wings black, slightly freckled with brown on the outer edges of the secondaries and shoulders, the outer edges of the primaries fringed with white; two middle tail- feathers chestnut-brown tipped with black, the two next on each side wholly black, the remainder strongly barred with black and white for nearly their whole length ; bill yellow, clouded with brown. Trogon mexicanus. Swains. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 440.—Id. Zool. Illustr. 2nd ser. pls. 82, 107.—Gould, Monogr. Trogon. pls. 1, 2.-—Gray, Gen. B. i. p- 70.—Id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 41.—Bp. Consp. i. p. 150.—Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 367, 387.—Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 132, et 1860, p- 41.—Sclater, Cat. Am. B. p. 276.—-Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 168.—Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 82.-Scl. & Saly. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 103. - glocttans, Licht. Preisverz. mex. Th. v. Deppe u. Schiede, p. 1, et Journ. f. Orn. 1863, p. 55. uae —morgani, Swains.” Gould, Mon. roe edeale Trogonurus meaicanus. Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14. Since the first edition of the present Monograph but little has been added to the history of this beautiful Trogon. Great difficulty often attaches to the identification of the young male, which differs from the adult in havin white bars on the tail-feathers. However, in the other edition, I was able to figure a young male, lent me iy Mr. John Taylor, which shows the assumption of the uniform black tail, and thus precludes the idea that these individuals with different-coloured tails belong to different species. Mr. Taylor’s specimens — — ea q He k \ See SO &s SS SS a ee ee Slee halite ented pete a eT | aS NNO . ) rs 7 —— FX 2 RI LILILIN FOIOIIORIOILILD ~~, ~ SHRI RTRIRTRILVIRDRI RAR IR OR CRI = os y, » collected at Oaxaca by M. Boucard, and at Jalapa by in Mexico ; and it has bee : Mr 7 as far as Guatemala, where Mr. Salvin xico, this species goes 1 Og . ¢ following note respecting the species :—‘‘ The colour of were from Real de De Oca. Although chiefly known from Me ) | Si Wee > o1ves the met with it on the Volcan de Fuego. He gives a the eyelid of this species, both in the male and female the breast in each, that of the colour of its bre almost exactly corresponds with the red colour of > illi eat in fact ‘ing male being much more brilliant than that of the female, in fact bearing the ast to that of the female’s breast. be determined by reference to some portion or portions It is probable that in many cases same ratio to it as the of the soft parts about the eye &c. may here it is exactly represented. In ee | in whi ; n the male was e; air of Trogon calgatus, 10 which the colour of the eyelid 1 } as exactly » vellow breast, that of the female by the fainter yellow of its breast. The st, tha therefore, that with tolerable safety the eyelids of these American ae the Trogons this seems eminently the case. A few of the plumage w days ago I shot a ] represented by the colour of the yell ) ae same is the case with 7° puella. I think, 1 ¢ ; » breas ‘ertainly is true in all cases whicl orrespond with the colour of the breast. It certainly 2 chal Trogons may be said to ¢ have noticed.” The following has been kindly sent to me « The Mexican Trogon, as its name impli of that country seldom fail to contain examples, of Mexico, it occurs in the State of Vera Cruz, w : : M. de Oca. Mons. A. Boucard, too, found it in the State of Oaxaca, near Cinco Senores. In Guatemala le range throughout the higher districts. I met with it in the Volcan de by Mr. Salvin :— es. is found in Mexico; and, as collections made in the highlands it would appear to be a common bird. Besides the valley hence specimens have been forwarded from Jalapa by Trogon mevicanus enjoys a wit : 1 ] x 1 ys OV he | 0 7V¢ 7 = ae ie ene ane, Fuego and also in Vera Paz, near Coban, in the valley of the Motagua, as well as in the woods overlooking the Plain of Salama; and it is doubtless to be seen in all suitable forests in the mountainous districts. Guatemala, however, would appear to be the extent of its range ma south-easterly direction, as it has not yet been noticed in any of the other Central-American republics. “Like other members of this family, Zrogon mewicanus is found in forests, usually sitting on the lower branches of the high trees. When at rest it sits almost motionless ; but its flight from one branch to another is quick though not sustained, as they never fly far. I found them most abundant in evergreen-oak woods. These oaks clothe, with greater or less density, the mountain-sides from an elevation of 5000 to about 7500 feet, and some of them (for there are many species in Guatemala) grow into magnificent trees. Trogon mexicanus, however, does not keep strickly to the oak-woods, for on one occasion I was lucky enough to be shown a nest in a tree forming part of a scrubby forest at an elevation of not more than 3000 feet, 2. e. considerably below the oak-region. ‘This was at a place called Chuacus, a small village in Vera Paz, situated in a valley which runs into the great valley of the river Motagua. This nest was in a hole in the bole of a small tree, about 15 or 20 feet from the ground. The male bird flew out, and I secured the eggs, three in number. ‘They were slightly pointed, and of a very pale greenish colour, not pure white when fresh. There was no nest, the eggs being laid on the floor of the hole.” The young male of this species has bars on the tail, which would lead many persons to suppose pertained to another; but this is not the case. Nothing further seems to have been recorded respecting the habits and economy of the Mexican Trogon. The figures are from a pair of birds in my own collection. The Plate represents male and female, of the size of life. N4NSDENG a BENASASG SANG NENANCSESGNENGDENESEDGSGSGDGNEDGNCDGD QQOO & Walter, Imp Z Kudltmand nu / 4 HHH) LVL NTIPNTENLITAH IT boi 2 3) Li {HNN TROGON AMBIGUUS, Gow. Doubtful Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Mas.—Facie nigra ; pectore et corpore supra aureo-viridibus ; cinereis et fusco wroratis ; rectricibus tribus externis puncetis ; rectricibus quatuor intermediis fusce humeris tectricibusque alarum ornate i J " , ‘ q Hy j ‘ J ; . i M ’ 4 5 ' Ms utringue albis, cerebro Suscescenti-nigro scenti-rufis cum apicibus nigris. Soe Male.—F ace and throat black ; chest, sides and back of the neck, and upper surface rich golden bronze, gradually passing into golden green on the lower part of the back : primaries raf black, margined externally with white ; wing-coverts and secondaries erey, yy : | with transverse zigzag lines of black ; two centre tail-feathers rich tiery-red bronze, broadly tipped with black ; the two next on each side blackish brown, broadly tipped with black ; three outer feathers on each side brownish black at ¢] finely marked SSS 1e base and white at the tip, the | intermediate portion being white, minutely dotted or freckled with bl ack, the freckles assuming the form of a distinct but irregular narrow bar where the freckling terminates ; breast and under surface rich scarlet, separated from the green of the thr ~~. ~~ oat by a crescent of white ; tarsi slate-grey, gartered below with scarlet and white ; bill bright yellow. Total length, 11 inches ; bill, z; wing, 5; tail, 6+. Female—A mark of white behind the eye and on the ear-coverts ; head, upper surface and chest ak light olivaceous brown ; primaries brown, margined with white ; os — ag a OE eae, a wing-coyverts and outer 7 | webs of the secondaries light olivaceous brown, minutely rayed with bl K-< ack; two centre tail- { feathers cinnamon-brown, tipped with black; the two next on each side brown, margined - | with cinnamon-brown ; three lateral feathers brown at the base, crossed on their margins and near the extremity with regular freckled bands of brown on a white ground ; upper FEL SF SD part of the breast pale brown ; lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts scarlet, j s : . } separated from the brown by a band of greyish white ; bill yellow. Ms , 4 / Trogon ambiguus, Gould in Proe. of Zool. Soc., part iti. p. 30.—Ib. Mon. of Trogons, pl. 4.— - Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 69, Trogon, sp. 11.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., 4 p- 149, Trogon, sp. 11. I have ventured to separate this bird from the Trogon elegans, to which it closely assimilates. The points . of difference consist in the obscure and pale, but finely-dotted markings of the outer tail-feathers, in opposition to the strong and well-defined black bars on the same part in Trog. elegans, while at the same time the centre of the wing is much more finely and minutely barred in the former than in the latter. Had I seen only a single individual of each of these birds, I might have taken a different view of the subject; but my comparisons having been made upon several individuals, I feel but little hesitation in assigning to the present bird, at least provisionally, the rank of a distinct species. The localities in which these two birds appear to be indigenous are distinctly separated from each other, —all the examples I have seen of Zrogon ambiguus having been exclusively received from the northern and western States of Mexico, while the Trogon elegans is strictly limited to the southern and Guatemala. A figure and description of this bird appeared in the first edition of this monograph, and after a lapse of twenty years I am unable to add any further information respecting it, save that I have in the interval RR RSS a a received other specimens from San Blas. Besides the differences pointed out gore I observe that the tail is fully an inch shorter than that of 7” elegans, and that the 7 ambiguus is altogether smaller than that species. Another point of difference also occurs in the bright ey oe colouring of the two middle tail-feathers, which cannot be excelled in richness, and which is but slightly indicated in 7” elegans, the corresponding feathers in that bird having only a wash of this fine tint. The Plate represents the two sexes of the natural size. RILIR FRY, a \ As RRO ee \ VUVIOITIOII OU OU IORI IIR ?, On Oo om o~ o~ vw = IRILIL 5 IRIN Walter Imp (UUTULAYUUUI UNNI ANNI (0 Cw | a TROGON ELEGANS, Gould. Graceful Trogon. Speciric CHARACTER. Mas. Facie, capite anticé, auribus guttureque nigris ; alis br transversim flexuose lineatis ; unnescenti-nigris, in medio cinereis albo rectricibus duabus intermediis proximarumque duarum utrinque pogontis externis cupreo-viridibus ; reliquis ad basin nigris, ad apicem albis, in medio pre- sertim pogonii externi albo nigroque fasciatis. Fem. Auribus in medio linedque cireum oculum albis ; torque pectorali subobsoleté ; supra et ad pectus cinereo-brunneus olivaceo tinctus 3; alis in medio cinereis maculis saturatioribus notatis 7 remigibus brunneis ; ventre antic? brunnescenti-griseo in coccineum posticé transeunte. Male.—Face, fore part of the head, ear-coverts, and throat black; chest, back of the neck, back, and upper tail-coverts green; a white crescent separates the green of the chest from the breast, which together with the belly and under tail-coverts is scarlet ; wings brownish black, the primaries having their outer edges fringed with white ; secondaries and centre of the wings grey, strongly marked with zigzag transverse lines of black ; two middle tail- feathers green with bronzy reflections on their outer webs, only the inner webs black = all SIx are largely tipped with black ; the remaining six black at the base and white at the tip, the middle portions of these latter feathers barred with black and white ; bill yellow. Total length about 12 inches, wing 6, tail 73. Female.—Bill yellow ; centre of the ear-coverts and a small rim round the eye white; the whole of the upper surface and chest greyish brown with a tinge of olive ; primaries brown, their outer edges fringed with white; centre of the wings and secondaries grey, faintly speckled with spots of a darker colour; a faint pectoral band of white separates the feathers of the chest from those of the breast, which is light brownish grey on the upper part, gradually passing into scarlet below ; two centre tail-feathers dull brown tipped with black, two next on each side black, the remainder are black at the base and white at the tip, the middle portion being white, uregularly blotted with black. Trogon elegans, Gould, in Proc. of Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 26.—Id. Mon. of Trog., pl. 3.—-Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 69, Trogon, sp. 18. Trogonurus elegans, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zygod., p. 14, gen. 2c, 2 Uy vO Tue beautiful Trogon here figured under the specific title of elegans is a native of Mexico, Guatemala, and to the bird I have called ambiguus, the chief point of difference being in the decided barring of the outer ¢ and in the stronger markings of the wings. Honduras, countries rich beyond measure in zoological productions. It is most nearly allied to fail-feathers, } The lengthened tails of many of the Mexican Trogons form a feature which distinguishes them from all Lg SF SIP ee Sees , ay. ee ) y ! h i Hi Hh “iy na ele al Le en ee ne FINI = K s YRIR and in this particular the Trogon elegans is especially conspi- any other of the smaller species of the genus. The female is readily distinguished from the male by her more obscure and less gay colouring. The principal part of the foregoing appeared in the first edition of this Monograph ; during the thirty lapsed so little ‘nformation has been acquired respecting this bird that even the e by Mr. Salvin must be regarded with interest. I never met with the species in Guatemala, though 5 the other species of the American continent ; | cuous, inasmuch as its tail is longer than that of years which have since e following brief note obligingly sent to m “You ask me about Trogon elegans ; unfortunately in collections from Vera Paz. r to be more abundant, as Mr. George Cavendish Taylor, I believe it does occur occasionally A little to the southward, in the neigh- = 5 bouring State of Honduras, the bird would appea in his remarks on the birds observed during his these birds in the forest, on the plain of Comayagua, and that he had no reason to suppose they were other- wise than common (Ibis, 1860, p. 117). The only skin I possess is that of a male which was obtained ate Mr. Bridges in the woods bordering on Virgin Bay, Lake of Nicaragua. Southward of this I journey across that country, states that he saw several of 7 IOV SOU IOI III = 7e 7 by the | know of no recorded instance of the occurrence of this Trogon.” Tr 9 ps a : e e ‘ e E : The Plate represents a male and a female, of the size of life. The plant is the Bignona radicans. TRIE ~ LILIE > On Or”. ~~ < 3 FLIL € OUS: Y UY Walter Imp Ta YW —, PP itoncacad ; 4 ij ae ew: i ‘ : ee EX 3 : rc o if d > x oo E~ Ry Pe by S =p 4 | N —— CNERNENEN NESGNGSASENONENGNGNESEDGSEDGDGNCDADG DEDEDE NEDSD: NENGRANESENERENADEDENE TROGON PERSONATUS, Gow. Black-faced Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Trog. vertice, corpore superiore et pectore splendidé aureo-viridibus ; loris, plumis auricularibus, et gutture ngris ; rectricibus caude duabus intermediis ex aureo virescenti-fuscis, ad apicem mgris; utrinque proximd pogonio interno et apice nigris, pogonio externo ex aureo virescenti- Jusco ; rectricibus externis nigris, lineis albis crebris et undulatis minute Jasciatis, ad apicem late niveis ; alis nigris, tectricibus et secundariis lineis cinereis minutis et irregularibus crebré Jasciatis ; abdomine et corpore subtis coccineis; colore coccineo & viridi disjuncto lunula alba ; rostro aurantiaco. Foem. Capite, pectore et corpore superiore fuscis ; rectricibus caude duabus intermediis sordid? castaneis ; gutture et plumis auricularibus nigris; abdomine et corpore subtius coccineis, hic colore a fusco pectorali disjuncto lunuld albd. Male.—Crown of the head, all the upper surface, and chest rich golden green; lores, ear- coverts, and throat black; two middle tail-feathers golden greenish brown and tipped with black, the next on each side have the inner web and tip black and the outer web golden greenish brown; the outer feathers black, crossed by numerous fine irregular bars, and largely tipped with pure white ; wings black, the coverts and secondaries finely pencilled with irregular zigzag markings of light grey; primaries margined externally with light grey ; abdomen and under surface scarlet, separated from the green of the chest by a narrow crescent of white ; bill orange-yellow ; feet yellowish brown. Female.—Wead, chest, and upper surface brown ; two middle tail-feathers dull chestnut-brown, tipped with black; the two next on each side black on their inner webs and at the tip, and dull chestnut-brown on their outer webs; the remaining feathers black on their inner webs at the base, largely tipped with white, the intermediate portion being crossed by alternate irregular bars of black and white; wings as in the male, the coverts and secondaries freckled with yellowish brown instead of grey, and ear-coverts black ; abdomen and under surface scarlet, which colour is separated from the brown of the chest by a crescent of white ; bill and feet yellowish brown. Total length 11 inches; bill {; wing 5;; tail 6}; tarsi 3. Trogon personatus. Gould, Ann. & Mag. N. H. ix. p. 237 (1842). _— heliothrix. Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 300, et Fauna Peruana, pp. 41, 257. Trogonurus personatus. Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14. Trogon propinquus. Cab. & Hem. Mus. Hein. ive Deeley ?—— assimilis. Gould, P. Z. 8. 1846, p. 67. OrniTHOLOGIsTs are at the present moment divided in opinion as to whether the very common Trogons which inhabit the hill-country of Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru are referable to one, two, three, or more species, or whether these birds, having minor differences in markings and structure, should be considered mere local varieties of a widely spread bird; at all events it has been considered, by some of my colleagues, unnecessary to figure more than that first described. 8 The bird to which I originally gave the name of personatus is the one chosen for illustration in the accompanying Plate. — eee d Hy b ; ) aE Ee LP eee OP ae ee atone hdd: reel i ie . a el al ee ee IVIL, Pepeneyeye Og = CHEDRIEHRIR: FOI oo oO lo Ox ie low |io~ Ad @ y On this subject Mr. Salvin has been good enough to ou me ie ae ee collect, ae - oo te cont in some numbers from the United States of Columbia in the collections made in This Trogon Is a . = hus, so far as the Trogons from this country are concerned, one of the best ue gomity Oe ae, it Mas.—Corpore subtus aurantiaco ; caudd migra, rectricibus tribus externis utringue albo crebre Sasciatis. Male.—Lores, ear-coverts and throat black : head, all the upper surface and chest bronzv ereen; wings brownish black ; the coverts and secondaries freckled with white, and the primaries with a narrow line of white along the basal portion of their outer webs ; all the under surface orange, separated from the green of the chest by a semilunar mark of white ; two middle tail-feathers deep yellowish green ; the two next on each side yellowish green on their outer, and black on their inner webs, the whole six tipped with black ; three outer tail-feathers on each side black, crossed by numerous narrow bars of, and narrowly tipped with, white : thighs black ; bill orange ; irides reddish brown : eyelash light coral-red ; feet erey. Total length, 10 inches ; bill, 3; wing, 5; tail, 52. Female.—Face and throat dull black ; chest and all the upper surface olive, becoming richer or more yellow on the upper tail-coverts ; wings black; the primaries margined externally with white ; Wing-coverts and secondaries olive, freckled with black ; under surface light orange, separated from the olive of the chest by a semilunar mark of white ; two centre tail-feathers rich brown ; the two next on each side rich brown on their outer, and black on their inner webs, all six tipped with black; three outer feathers on each side blackish brown, minutely dotted on their outer webs, and on a portion of their inner webs near the tip, with blackish brown on a greyish-white ground, these dottings set so thickly as to form a bar near the tip, the extremity of which is greyish white ; base of the upper mandible and under mandible yellow ; culmen brownish black. Trogon aurantiiventris, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxiv. p. 107.—Selater in Ibid., pp. 139, 286. —— Salle, Bonap. Compt. Rend., May 1856. Tuts bird is much more rare in the collections of Europe than the Trogon puella, from which it differs only in the colouring of the under surface being deep orange instead of scarlet. I think it probable that the LT. puella and 7’. aurantiiventris may ultimately prove to be merely varieties or races of one and the same species. I have seen analogous instances among some of the Brazilian Trogons, and further investigation of the subject may throw some light upon this supposition ; should it be confirmed, the species of the family will be somewhat diminished ; at present I have no alternative but to consider and figure them as distinct, a step which would even be necessary were they to prove identical, since representations of both states of plumage would be requisite to their due illustration. I believe that no change of colouring from orange to scarlet, or from scarlet to orange, takes place, but that each colour is assumed from the beginning. The native country of the Orange-breasted Trogon is the Pacific side of Veragua and Costa Rica. In Mr. Sclater’s “ List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Bridges in the vicinity of the Town of David, in the Province of Chiriqui, in the State of Panama,” published in the twenty-fourth part of the « Pro- ceedings of the Zoological Society,” it is stated to inhabit the dense forest on the Boqueti, and that it is also found further down towards David; and in his « Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico,” published in the same part of the Society’s ‘ Proceedings,” it is stated that he found this bird near the town of Cordova, in the State of Vera Cruz: if this be really the case, the opinion given above is greatly strengthened, inasmuch as 7’ puella is also said to have been found there. | I must remark that the female, as well as the male, has the breast orange, and that with this exception the colouring is precisely the same as that of 7: puella. My specimens of 7° aurantiiventris, however, are a trifle smaller than those of 7! puella. The Plate represents both sexes of the natural size. eee wae a ee ee here nes te em ~ SF Oe OS Ot ee ea a a et — SA a ew ee, | My If FP SOI BSD PG WP OE = De at ee ee Walter Erp cetll. i A), “ — NANGSANENGNANASEDGOANGNGNGSADGSADGNGDGDANGDGNEDGDENGNADGDGNGNANGNGNGNEDGDGNGNENGDANGDANEDGNANGSEIGNGAGS ANSI Fe NGNZRANASENESEDS Se ee TROGON COLLARIS, Fieiu. Collared Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Supra aurato-viridis ; rectricibus duabus intermediis aurato-viridibus negro terminatis, duabus proxims nigris extus aurato-viridibus, reliquis nigro alboque transfasciatis ; tectricibus alarum minimis dorso concoloribus, reliquis et secundariis flexuose mgro alboque vermiculatis ; primarus nigris extus albo limbatis ; loris, regione parotica gulaque nigris ; gutture et pectore superiore aurato-viridibus ; torque pectorali albo ; corpore reliquo subtius coccineo. Trides saturate brunneze ; rostrum flavicanti-aurantiacum ; pedes saturate cinerei. Foem. Brunnea ; torque pectorali albo ; corpore reliquo subtts coccineo ; tectricibus alarum brunneis nigro vermiculatis ; rectricibus tribus utrinque extimis nigro lineolatis et punctatis alboque terminatis. Rostrum brunnescenti-aurantiacum. Adult Male.—Crown of the head and whole of the upper surface rich golden green; throat and ear-coverts black; two middle tail-feathers golden green, the two next on each side golden green on their outer edge, the inner webs black, and the whole six tipped with black; the three outer feathers on each side strongly barred with black and white ; primaries black with their outer edges white ; secondaries and wing-coverts transyersely waved with zig-zag lines of black and white; a semilunar collar of white separates. the golden green of the chest from the abdomen, which, with the under tail-coverts, is scarlet ; bill rich yellowish orange ; irides dark brown ; feet dark grey. Female.—Wead, chest, and upper surface of body brown; the two middle tail-feathers rich chestnut-brown, the two next on each side chestnut-brown on their outer webs aud black on the inner, the three lateral feathers on each side freckled with black and tipped with white ; a band of white separates the brown of the chest from the abdomen, which is scarlet as in the male; bill brownish orange. Total length 9? inches ; bill 3; wing 43; tail 5}; tarsi 3. Le Couroucou rosalba. Levyaill. H. N. Couroucous, pl. 6. Trogon collaris. Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. viii. p. 820.—Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. 1, t. 5.— Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 82.—Scl. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 104. eee COSIANcUS. Spx, Awe bras. 1. ps4) Gao aitemies auratus. Swains. An. in Menag. p. 329. »—_.._ fosalba, Guy. ‘Hartl, Verz, Mus. Brem. ps i Trogonurus collaris. Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14. Trogon eytoni. Fraser, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 368. elegans. Licht. in Mus. Berol. (fide Cabanis). erythrinus. Licht. in Mus. Berol. (fide Cabanis). —— curucui, Linn. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 177. — exoptatus, Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 179. — virginalis, Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 173. Tuts species, by some authors supposed to be the Trogon curucuc of Linnzus (but doubtfully so, as it s , ? asi oss ies a i - appears to me), was first certainly named by Vieillot in 1817, and Leyaillant’s figure of his ‘* Cowroucou Cc x 4 Jy 2) SE ee eg ee we a SF, es a ae WP et ap oe EP AD EP LE IT TO OP _ Ma _ tae TOU UU UII IO Sa nan se TILT IIIIR CFeHe RILILS, IR, ON a O~ Oo”, rosalba” referred to. It is quite possible that the Couroucous of oe i _ the Trego vias viridis of Brisson, also refer to the same species ; but of this ee appears to be less ee vai Trogon collaris has avery extensive range in South America. Levaillant's “ Oouroucou rosalba . sade have come from Cayeume- andim the adjoining country of Venezuela it 1s also found, as well as in the island of Trinidad, hen Deotand and also Mr. E. C. Tey une with Hh The hen on Separated under the name Zyogon exoptatus by Messrs. Cabanis and Heine ; but, judging rom a skin obtained by M. Goering at Caripé, I more than doubt the validity of this Soe SEGUE. a . Mr. Salvin’s notes on the species are as follows :—“ vom fe NGS of Colmmib skins of Tei cols are not unfrequently sent in the collections made in ae pos of Bogota ; and oe recently Mr. T. K. Salmon, who is now engaged in exploring the districts in the Coe a Hates hn, has Sen © ae of specimens. These differ to a slight extent from normal ne chietly in a the terminal ae portion of the tail-feathers narrower. In this respect they stand in an intermediate position between 7. collaris and the Central-American 7. puella, in which the terminal white tail-band is almost of the same width as the rest of the bars of the tail. This bird has also received a name from Messrs. Cabanis and Heine, who call it Z. virginalis, their description being based upon specimens obtained by Fraser at Pallatanga, in Ecuador. The Aererces so far as I can see, is very slight, and traced from a very variable character in this group of the Trogonide. Passing on to Peru, Mons. Constantine Jelski met with LT’. collaris during his expedition to the district of Junin. The places where he collected specimens are recorded by Dr. Taczanowski as Monterico, Soriano, and Amable-Maria. Turning eastwards from this point into the valley of the Amazons we find that Mr. Bartlett met with it both on the Upper and Lower Ucayali and also at Ohamiciros Spix also obtained it at Tabatinga, and Natterer at Barra do Rio Negro. The latter traveller also sent specimens from the ‘Engenho do Capt. Gama’ and Villa Maria, in Mato Grosso. Lastly, in Eastern Brazil Prince Maximilian found it at Rio de San Mato, near Bahia; and under the name of Lrogon eytoni it has been recorded by Fraser from Rio de Janeiro. ‘Little has been noticed of the habits of 7”. collaris. Spix speaks of its food consisting of fruit and insects; and Léotaud gives the following note of its habits as observed by him in the island of ‘Trinidad :—« Ce joli Couroucou est sédentaire ici. Ses mouvements sont lents et rarement répétés ; il semble ainsi ne renoncer qu’a regret a un repos que troubleraient déja trop souvent les besoins de existence. Son cri est rond, mais peu sonore; il a cependant un timbre qui attire l’attention ; on croit y découvrir une certaine crainte de rompre le silence sisolennel de nos foréts ; cest le cri de certains oiseaux de proie nocturnes qui trouble a peine le calme de la nuit. Sa parure si brillante ne redouterait point le vif éclat de la lumiére, et pourtant Poiseau ne quitte jamais les endroits couverts et surtout éloignés et élevés. Sa nourriture consiste principalment en baies et en insectes.’ ” The figures in the Plate are life-size. SANCNADANADGNGDDANGNGDGD LY VND ERE SE IESE NS SENCNESENEDANGNEDENGDADS Cot = TROGON ATRICOL LIS, Vieitor. Black-throated Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Trog. vertice, dorso pectoreque summo viridibus; tectricibus alarum et secundariis extis nigris cinereo vermiculatis ; primariis extis albido limbatis ; regione paroticd guttureque NIgTIS ; torque pectorali albo indistincto 3 rectricibus duabus intermediis cuprescenti-viridibus, duabus proxims nigris extern? viridibus, reliquis mgris albo late terminatis albo et nig? ‘0 trans- JSasciatis. Foem. Capite, dorso, gutture et rectricibus sex intermediis brunneis, his mero terminatis ; rectricibus reliquis obsoletixs Sasciatis ; 3 ventre aurantiaco sordidiore. Rostrum flavum, vix olivascens. Adult male.—Beak yellow, clouded with olive; throat and ear-coverts black; chest, top of head, and entire upper surface green; two centre tail-feathers green, with slight bronzy reflections, the two next on each side black, with their extreme outer edges of the same green as the two middle ones, the tips of all being black, the three outer ones on each side black, tipped with white, and regularly barred on the outer web with black as well as towards the tip of the inner one; w delicately freckled with grey ; prim and white ing-coverts and secondaries black, finely and aries black, with a narrow external edging of white ; under surface fine orange, separ ated from the throat by an indistinct pectoral band of white ; feet brown. Female.—Head, throat, upper surface, and six middle tail-feathers brown, the latter slightly tipped with black, the remaining tail-feathers as in the male, but not so regularly barred ; the wing-coverts freckled with brown on a black ground ; the primaries black, margined on the outer edges with white; under surface orange, but not so pure as in the m ale. Total length about 9 or 10 inches ; wing 45; tail 6. Yellow-bellied Green Cuckoo. Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist. pl. 331. Couroucou @ queue rousse de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl. 736. pm CCUG, sluevarll it. Nat. Couroucous, p. 14, pec oO: Trogon rufus. Gm. 8. N. i. p- 404. atricollis. Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. viii. p- 318.—Id. Gal. des Ois. i. pes Gould, Monogr. Trogon. pl. 8.—Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 83.—Sel. & Salv. Nomenel. Av. Neotr. p. 104. viridis. Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 50 (nec Linn.). Trogonurus lepturus. Swains. An. in Menag. p. 331. Trogon chrysochlorus. Natt. & Pelz. Sitz. Akad. Wien, xx. p. 49.—Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 20. —— sealaris. Licht. in Mus. Berol. (fide Cabanis). Pothinus atricollis. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 180. ‘THERE can be little doubt,” says Mr. Salvin, ‘‘ that the figures of the old authors, Edwards, Buffon, and Levaillant, quoted above, all apply to this bird, and also that a strict application of the law of priority points to the exceedingly inappropriate title of Trogon rufus, bestowed upon it by Gmelin, as the name this bird ought to bear. a +, SP Od BP SS eek Ty's ee as a as RE he he ES EI. et BE CRIS ESF LS PBS POE SS SRM IS ALY: es SF ESD SF Nth — VIR, FURS > FI IRIILI I OVIRTRILIETE EXE = FRIRIE? v ~ Ue — (oN > o~ RI LILI oh name of 7” rufus as inappropriate, and 7”. lepturus, proposed by Swanson, winebiia c : 3a = i e of Lichtenstein’s quoted by Dr. Cabanis, the other in different districts of its range. ‘« Setting aside the : ¢ 7 atricollis, as well as the MS. titl or supposed races occurring jarated by Herr von Pelzeln as 7. chrysochlorus, and the Central- atricollis being applicable to the race found in pure synonym 0 names given to this bird all refer to races Thus the South-Brazilian bird has been se} American as 7. ¢enellus by Dr. Cabanis, Vieillot’s name, ie Guiana and the valley of the Amazons. eer oceasions, both by myself and with bird from all parts of its range with a view Iwavs come to the conclusion that such a rank could not be granted them without ssible, to assign to every specimen its right name. To show «Having on Mr. Sclater, closely examined numerous avinge i ; i to test the right of these various races to specimens of this g rank as species, I have a rendering it exceedingly difficult, if not impo his point, I may add that Dr. Cabanis, Mr. Gould, and Mr. Lawrence, bow varied is the state of opinion on t a . e 7 ae B i 2 G ° 5 me Rp. uphold the distinctness of 7” enellus, the two former rejecting T. chrysochlorus as distinct from 7°. atricollis. Dr. Finsch agrees with Herr von Pelzeln in maintaining the specific rank of 7. chrysochlorus, suggesting : a . : ? z i (as it appears to me rightly) that the birds described in the ‘Museum Heineanum’ really were T. chrysochlorus and not T. atricollis. I think myself that the differences observable are so slight that rather as tendencies to vary in a particular direction in a particular locality than At the same time I must say that, if their separation be maintained, dered distinct from the Guiana race than they may be regarded as fixed, definite, specific characters. the South-Brazilian has equal, if not stronger, claims to be consi The Guiana bird is in fact almost precisely intermediate between the races found The white bands of the tail are widest and fewest in 7. tenedlus, narrowest The central tail-feathers bave a bluish shade in 7% ¢enedlus, and are the Central-American has. in Brazil and Central America. and most numerous in 7. chrysochlorus. most bronzy in 7. chrysochlorus. The wing-coverts are coarsely mottled in the former, finely in the latter. In all these points 7’ atricodhs is intermediate.” Leaving the northern form, T. tenellus, to be noticed in a separate article. I will now trace the range of T. atricollis, including with it 7. chrysochlorus. Buffon alludes to its occurrence in Cayenne. It also occurs in Demerara, where Schomburgk met with it; but westwards of this district I have not yet come across any recent allusion to its occurrence in Venezuela or Trinidad, though Levaillant mentions its presence in the latter island. Throughout the valley of the Amazons it is found apparently in abundance. Natterer obtained nine examples during his voyage at Nas Lages, Borba, Marabitanas, Cocuy, and Barra do Rio Negro; while on the Upper Amazons, or Solimoens, Spix met with it, and subsequently Mr. E. Bartlett within the frontiers of Peru at Chamicurros. In Southern Brazil Prince Maximilian found it at Bahia, whence, and also from Rio de Janeiro, numerous specimens are constantly sent to Europe. In the province of Sao Paulo Mr. J. F. Hamilton found it pretty generally distributed throughout the forest, but not abundant in any one locality. He adds that it 1s)08 rather solitary habits, and that he never saw two together. In the same district, at Ypanema, Natterer secured fifteen examples, and upon these he bestowed the name chrysochlorus, afterwards described by Herr von Pelzeln. Trogon atricollis is also found still further south, in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, whence Mr. Rodgers has sent us specimens. The figures in the Plate are of the natural size. or Un Walt (ab [ESBESESANG RNG RENE RGSESESESESE NCIC ICRENEDSS IESE DG SG REDDER DEDSDEDEOEOG DED DEDEDEDG TRO GON TENE LLU s, Cabanis. Graceful Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Trog. splendideé aurato-viridis, capite et jugulo v iv saturatioribus ; Jronte angustd, loris et facie lateral cum gutture toto nigris ; fascia pectorali albd viv distinctd ; corpore reliquo subtis lete aurantiaco-flavo ; ald mugra, primarus anguste albo limbatis ; tectricibus alarum minimis dorso concoloribus, reliquis et secundariis extus albido transversim v ermiculatis ; rectricibus duabus mediis cuprescenti-aureis nigro terminati 8, duabus proximis nigris extis cuprescenti- aureis, reliquis versus basin pogonii interni nigris, albo late terminatis et albo late JSasciatis. Rostrum flavum, versus basin virescens. Adult Male.—Above metallic green, richer on the head, upper breast, rump, and upper tail- coverts, and having a slightly golden appearance on the back and sides of the breast ; a narrow frontal line, lores, sides of the face, and throat black ; least Wing-coverts green, like the back, the remainder coarsely vermiculated with greyish white and black lines, as also are the secondaries ; all the rest of the coverts and quills black, the primaries narrowly edged with white externally ; centre tail-feathers of a burnished copper-colour, with a terminal band of black, the next two black on the inner web and at the tip and coppery on the outer web only ; three outer tail-feathers broadly tipped with white and banded with black and white, the bases of the inner webs black, gradually imcreasing in extent towards the centre of the tail; under surface of body beautiful orange-yellow, paler and whiter near the green of the breast, forming a very indistinet pectoral band. Total length 95 inches ; wing 4; tail 6; tarsus 2. Trogon tenellus, Cab. J. f. O. 1862, Dee lee atricollis, Scl. & Salv. P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 364.—Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 83. I wexieve this species to be distinct from Trogon atricollis, though undoubtedly very closely allied. It is a smaller bird, and is to be further distinguished by the more distinct white barring of the tail-feathers, the white bars being rather wider than the alternate black ones. “This race of Zrogon atricollis was first characterized by Dr. Cabanis in the ‘ Journal fiir Ornithologie’ for 1862, from a single example of a young male included in the collection formed in Costa Rica by Drs. Hoffmann, von Frantzius, and Ellendorf, which first made us acquainted with the ornithological riches of that, up to that time, unexplored country. Since this first specimen was obtained numerous others have been sent from Costa Rica, where it would appear to be by no means rare in certain districts. Other localities, mentioned in Mr. Lawrence’s list of Costa-Rica birds, published in the ‘ Annals of the Lyceum of New York’ in 1868, are Guiatil, Barranca, Angostura and Pacuare. ‘* Costa Rica, however, is not the most northern point of the range of this bird; for Mr. Belt, the author of the interesting book ‘The Naturalist in Nicaragua,’ found it during his stay at the ES of Chontales: ‘Writing of it and of 7. caligatus, he says (p. 122):—‘ Both species take short, quick, Jerky flights, and are often met with along with flocks of other birds—Flycatchers, LOLae ess, Creepers, W oodpeckers, &c., that hunt together, traversing the forests in flocks of hundreds belonging to more than a score of different species... . . The Flycatchers and Trogons sit on branches and Ly after the larger insects, the Flycatchers taking them on the wing, the Trogons from the leaves on which they have as In the breeding-season the Trogons are continually calling out to each other, and are thus easily discovered. ° 3 ° 9 = OF ie ee >» They are called << viadas ” (that is, ‘‘ widows”’) by the Spanish. j i ‘ 7 : : qi H ' J + M a 4 H I ‘ } ; B ILILIR FIR e quite abundant. Arcé, to whom we are chiefly indebted for a has sent us from time to time specimens from the Volcano of Santiago de Veragua, the Cordillera de “In Veragua 7. tenellus appears to b knowledge of the birds of that country, and San Miguel de Bagaba, as well as from Santa Fe, On the Isthmus of Panama it is also common, as M‘Leannan procured many If shot an example in the woods near Obispo Chiriqui Tolé, Chitra, and Calovevora. Station, and two years ago I myse specimens at Lion-Hill after the manner of its tribe, on one of the lower Station. It was sitting motionless in an upright position, branches of a forest tree, my attention being attracted by its yellow breast. ‘Two other localities where this bird is found on the isthmus remain to be stated—one being Chepo, where Arce secured specimens, of the river Truando, where Mr. C. J. Wood, who was attached to Lieut. Michler’s the other the falls He says that ‘it was seen only once in the Cordillera, and_ that > FRILILILILIRI LILI exploring expedition, met with it. it was very unsuspicious and easily shot.’ ”»—SALvIN. The single figure in the accompanying Plate is life-sized. IRIRIRIR Ki = = ~~ ~~ ILILILIE om. [oN on Tr ‘On O-. O~ CO”, UO we ?, f 2 oS TROGON CALIGATUS, Gould. Gartered Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. 7 o 0 A , 7 e aS As J . 5 . . Mas.—Vertice et gula gris ; ad nucham, sic et ad gulam cerulescenti-violaceo conspicue marginatis ; humeris, tectricibusque gro cum cinereo irrordt; Soe mers, vectricibusque alarum nigro cum cinereo wroratis ; abdomine flavo ; tarsis ngris, albo succinctis ; rectricibus tribus externis utrinque nigro alboque fasciatis. Male.—Face, head, throat and ear-coverts black, bounded at the back of the neck by a collar, and on the breast by a broad gorget of bluish green in some specimens, and purplish green in others ; upper surface green, washed with bronze on the back and scapularies ; wings black, the basal portion of the primaries margined with white ; wing-coverts and outer webs of the secondaries grey, marked transversely with very minute, irregular and wavy lines of black ; two centre tail-feathers and the outer web of the next on each side deep glossy green, the inner webs of the two latter, and the tips of all six black ; the three lateral feathers on each side alternately barred with black and white, and largely tipped with white; flanks grey ; centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts orange-yellow ; feathers of the thighs and tarsi black, terminating in a fringe of white immediately above the toes ; bill bluish horn colour ; feet olive. Total length, 8 inches ; bill, <; wing, 42; tail, 5. Female-—Head, throat, chest, back and upper tail-coverts slaty black ; wings black ; primaries margined at the base with white ; coverts and outer webs of the secondaries transversely rayed with white ; two centre tail-feathers slaty black, the two next on each side brown ; all six tipped with jet-black ; three outer feathers on each side blackish brown on their inner webs, white on their outer, crossed by numerous bands of black, and largely tipped with white ; under surface fine orange-yellow. Trogon caligatus, Gould, Mon. of Trogons, pl. 7.—Gray, List of Spec. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus: p. 43.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 70, Trogon, sp. 18.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 149, Trogon, sp. 17.—Sclater in Proe. of Zool. Soc., part xxiv. p. 286. To commit an error, although unintentionally, leads to unpleasant reflection ; to acknowledge and amend it is becoming to every one; but this should more particularly be done by the man of science; I must therefore confess that I certainly did make a mistake in my former illustration of this species, when I coloured the entire head blue instead of black, and thereby sadly puzzled every ornithologist who has had occasion to study this group of birds: how the error arose I cannot imagine, and had I not still by me the original specimen from which the figure was taken and coloured, I might not have detected the mistake I had made, and which is duly corrected in the accompanying Plate. The Trogon caligatus enjoys a wider range of habitat than most of the other species of the oa, Its head-quarters, or, more properly, the centre of its area, is Guatemala, whence it extends as far north as Cordova in Mexico, and south as the Isthmus of Panama, and, if I mistake not, to the Caraccas and Vene- zuela, as I possess skins which I believe were collected in those countries. ao trifling differences exist between the Caracca specimens and those from Mexico, and both slightly cites from Guatemalan SPB. The Cordovan specimens are the largest, those from Caracca the smallest, while the Guatemalan ane Anker mediate in size; still these differences are so slight that they can only be regarded as mere varieties or races of one and the same species. . . The Trogon caligatus is a neat and compact little bird, and the bright ae of its co must form a very striking and effective contrast to the dense foliage of the gloomy forests which this and the other members of the genus are known to inhabit. The Plate represents the two sexes of the natural size. i] ; 4 , . . } } J A s a M Ul 4 4 i J ’ . iA pte Melee) iv y ga I | | | i | 1 MU) |! ot HUTT | L iN ANNONA ANE INNING 4 ST v oY 4 3 Oo; 0 9 2 o a. 5 TROGON MERIDIONALIs 8 ( _ 7 0, -ROGON M RIDIONALIS, Swains. o o. Little T g "Qa ttle ‘Trogon. o 0. 9 a a SPECIFIC CHARACTER, - a. Trog. capite pectoreque purpureis, aliquando viridi tinctis 3 auribus guttureque nigris; dorso 3 ; S Pa cn “ . pom 4 : C Se aioe Z a a 4 saturate aureo-viridi ; alis nigrescenti-brunneis, remigibus albo margimatis, secundarus tegmi- o nibusque pulverulenti-cinereis ; ventre aurantiaco ; rectricibus intermediis duabus duarumque sal) utrinque proximarum pogoniis externis viridibus, harum pogonis internis nigris, his omnibus 3 5 nigro apiculatis, reliquis albo nigroque fasciatis. Rostrum plumbeum, ad apicem pallidits ; pedes saturate plumbei. Foem. Saturate ceruleo-cana, ventre aurantiaco O36 a 3 alis nigris, secundariis tegminibusque albo transversim lineatis ; remigibus eatimis utrinque tribus ad basin nigris, pogoniis externis albis nigro fasciatis. * OS CS Male.—Crown of the head and chest rich purple, ch specimens ; throat and ears black ; back gold; wings blackish brown, anging to greenish purple in some and upper tail-coverts dark green tinged with the primaries edged with white, secondaries and lesser Wing-coverts finely powdered with grey ; breast and underparts rich orange ; middle tail-feathers deep green, two next on each side green on their outer webs and black on the inner, all six tipped with black, three outer feathers on each side strongly barred with lines of black and white ; bill lead-colour, lighter at the tip ; feet dark IF lead-colour. | O}}: female.-—Whole of the head, chest, back, and six middle tail-feathers dark bluish grey; the o, three lateral feathers on each side black at their base, their outer edges white barred ol with black ; wings black, secondaries and lesser wing-coverts finely marked with trans- 2 S verse lines of white; under surface orange ; bill dark horn-colour. Total length 8? inches; bill 1; wing 45; tail 42 tarsi ~~ ae 2 Trogon meridionalis. Swains. An. in Menag. p. 332. sulphureus. Spix, Av. Sp. Nov. vol. i. pl. 38, p. 48 ?—Sel. & Salv. Nomencl. p. 104. Sec Outenive eblemtd=l. 1: p- 83. Aganus caligatus. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p- 186. ?——— devillii. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. > UG IL ?—_____ erissalis. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 190 ?Trogon violaceus. Gm. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 404. Aganus violaceus. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. fo. OO. Trogon sulphureus. Spix, Léotaud, Ois. Trin. py LOE J Tuts species is very sparingly dispersed over the northern parts of Brazil, but is ee abundant in Cayenne, Trinidad, and the adjacent islands. It is one of the commonest species in our cabinets, there being few collections sent from the last-named countries which do not contain examples. The birds figured by Dr. Spix under the name of Trogon sulphureus are in all probability intended for this species, but in several particulars do not accord with Wes I have therefore considered it best to adopt the name assigned to it by Mr. Swainson, who has paid much attention to the South-American Le 4) members of this group. ; The sexes offer the usual differences in the colour of their plumage, the male being clothed above . . . = I= 2 ° ° r - o 6 Tes with rich green, while the female has the same parts dark bluish grey: the young during the first year are like the female. as a ohn ee Yolo¥aloYolavo SP 6 OBO6H5.56. ~ SoS Fon DL. eae ae ee : . : i were ° is lh ora h - an ae 5 Thus much excepting the synonymy, was said In the first edition of this Monogr pos < d I really have ’ e ‘ - o not much more to add, further than that my figures are made from Trinidad specimens. In order to throw > e O = F c ae PAAR reals ‘2 as much light as possible on this somewhat intricate subject I have availed myself of Mr. Salvin’s g ‘ ss experience, which is embodied in the following note :— ee io tthe Te ‘The first point to look to in determining a member of this very difficult section of the rogonide is to : > oo oc : yc qpl ° . i see if the crown of the head is ddack or blue. If the former, the bird doubtless belongs to 7. caligatus, i. e. the caligatus of the second edition of this work. id dionalis, to T. ramonianus, or to a race closely aliied to one or other of these birds—the difference between 3 ¢. ? iy If the head is blue the bird belongs either to 7. meri- the two named being further shown by the wing-coverts of the former being mottled grey and black, while in the latter these are almost wholly black. It is not always possible to distinguish birds belonging to the blue-headed group with certainty, as not unfrequently specimens occur which have he wine only slightly mottled, thus showing that indications are not a’ to ae that 7°: meridionalis and T. ramonianus gradually merge into one another. This fact determined Mr. Sclater and myself to place both under the name 7. meridionalis in our ‘ Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium.’ “To Trogon meridionalis the name T. violaceus of Gmelin has been applied by several authors ; but this is a point I think that can never be satisfactorily determined ; and as Gmelin’s name is introduced with a description so manifestly inaccurate, for instance where he speaks of its yellow eyebrows! the selection of the first name, about which there can be no doubt, is by far the preferable plan to be adopted. This undoubtedly is Swainson’s title bestowed upon this bird in 1838. It has been suggested (Mon. Trog. ed. 1, t. 9) that Spix’s name 7% su/phureus might be intended for this species; and so far as the female is concerned I am inclined to think this may be so; but the male, I have less doubt, belongs to 7. atricollis; so that the name 7. sudphureus had best be dismissed also. ‘‘ Swainson’s bird, which is still extant in the museum of the University of Cambridge, is said to have been obtained in the Bahama Islands by Mr. Lees. This locality is doubtless incorrect, as is also shown by other birds described by Swainson from Mr. Lees’s collection, and there is every reason to suppose that the specimen really came from Trinidad or Venezuela. Most unfortunately for the puzzling synonymy of this group of Trogons, Messrs. Cabanis and Heine did not consult the first Part of this edition of the ‘Trogonide’ when compiling their account of the family in the fourth part of the ‘Museum Heineanum ; its existence was doubtless unknown to them. They would probably have been saved the attempt made to fix the name calizatus to a blue-headed bird from Cartagena, and also the description of the true 7” calgatus of Central America under the new name of Aganus braccatus. Other species of this form are described by the same authors, the validity of which I have no means of testing beyond the published descriptions. These are :—Aoanus lepidus, from Ecuador, which appears to me more likely to be 7. caligatus than any thing else ; Aganus crissalis, from Bahia, whence I have never yet seen specimens (this bird is described as having a blue head); Aganus devillii, based upon a description by MM. Deville and Des Murs of a bird from Santa Maria, on the Upper Amazons, and supposed by them to be Trogon meridionalis of Swainson. Further research will be necessary to establish these supposed species. “To M. Léotaud we are indebted for a knowledge of the habits of this bird, as observed by him in the island of Trinidad. He says it leads the same kind of life as 7” viridis.” n Me eee : a1) re a = eee : The figures in the accompanying Plate are life-size, and from Trinidad specimens. IRIE ry - IT) HUNI|UU em 1 2| i NOU i T Ly), 7 ; = / Gould and H.C. Richter da a hth Castloniwit TROGON RAMONIANUS, Ramon De la Sagra’s Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. A/ / si ra Ay e 5 afy a a . . 5 , , , ) Mas.—Facie mgra ; vertice et pectore resplendenti-ceruleis ; abdomine aurantiaco 3 als nigris ; rectricibus tribus externis utrinque nigris, fasciis albis regulariter ornatis ad apicem singulis albis. Male.—F ace, ear-coverts and throat black ; head, nape and gorget across the breast deep rich purplish blue, passing, in some specimens, into ereen on the outer edges; back and scapularies bronzy green, passing into pure green on the lower part of the back and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts and secondaries black ; primaries brownish black, slightly fringed with white ; flanks slaty black ; abdomen and under tail-coverts fine o range-yellow ; thighs black ; two centre tail-feathers green; the two next on each side green on their outer, and brownish black on their inner webs ; all six tipped with black ; three lateral feathers on each side black, conspicuously barred, and largely tipped with white ; bill light horn-colour. 7 Total length, 92 inches ; bill, 2; wing, 44; tail, 5+. 8 Female.—Head, neck, chest and upper surface brownish black. ; Wing-coverts and secondaries black, crossed by fine lines of white ; under surface light orange-yellow. Trogon Ramoniana, Deville et Des Murs in Rey. Zool. 1849, p. 331.—Castelnau, Expéd. Amér. du Sud, Zool., Ois., p. 33. pl. xi. fig. 2. Tuts bird was first characterized by MM. Deville and O. DesMurs in the “Revue Zoologique” for the year 1849, and was subsequently described and figured in the zoological portion of M. Castelnau’s ‘ Expédition de Amérique du Sud,” from specimens brought to Europe by that gentleman. Besides ue examples pro- cured by M. Castelnau, several others have come under my notice ; and I have myself received specimens from Mr. Hauxwell, which had been obtained on the Upper Amazon, and still more recently others procured on the river Napo, through the Messrs. Verreaux, of Paris, from which we may gather wai the pane habitat of the species is the eastern side of the Peruvian Andes ; but over what extent of country it ranges, time and future research alone can inform us. M. Castelnau states that his examples were procured at ‘« La Mission de Sarayacu, Pampa del Sacramento, au Pérou.” eee The Trogon Ramonianus is an exceedingly well-marked species, and one which cannot be confounded with any other. The figures are of the natural size. en ee " 5 N : ‘ J J . t M ’ n VJ . TOU ik eL,oro > | See I IORI | | hI | | | } | Ty | | HI | } | ; mit att | Het III) em }i i TT 2! i JS. Gould &£WHart del. et ath aT El Mi 3 TRO L) ‘4 Walter ump. SESE ESAT 6 ’ a 86885 6 8 a6 TROGON VARIEGATUS, Spix 4s 8§ 686 Purple-breasted Trogon. ~~ 86368 SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Viridis ; capite summo et pectore Superiore purpureis, fronte megricante ; tectricibus alarum et secundariis extiis nigro alboque flexuose minute vermiculatis, remigibus reliquis saturate 8636 a wD aD eee ean . \ . oy . i e740 . fe ee . . brunneis, extus albido limbatis; rectricibus duabus intermediis chalybeo-viridibus nigro » ; . Q a EN , 7 roi aenr i 5 ° * S S S terminatis, duabus proximis ngris extus viridibus, reliquis nigris, late albo terminatis et 1 versus apicem late nigro et albo transfasciatis ; corpore reliquo subtius saturate coccineo ; tibiis nigres. 6 a Irides saturate brunnee ; rostrum flavicanti-album ; pedes cerulescenti-cineret. Foem. fuliginoso-cinerea, caudd brunneo tinctd ; alarum tectricibus albo fasciatis ; pectore infe- riore albo ; rectricibus tribus externis utrinque extis albis nigro fasciatis. Male.—Bill yellowish white; head and chest metallic purple merging into black on the forehead ; ears, throat, back, and upper tail-coverts green ; wing-coverts and secondaries minutely waved with zig-zag markings of black and white ; two centre tail-feathers steel-green, tipped with black, the two next on each side black, with their outer edges green ; the three outer feathers on each side black at the base and barred with white and black, ending in a square mark of white; the whole of the under surface deep scarlet ; thighs black ; tarsi bluish grey ; irides very dark brown. Female. —Head, chest, and upper surface of body dark sooty-grey, the wing-coverts distinctly barred with white ; upper part of the abdomen white, merging into scarlet on the belly and under tail-coverts; tail deep sooty-grey with a tinge of brown, the three outer feathers barred with black on their outer edges. Total length 9 inches; wing 4; tail 5; tarsi 3. Trogon variegatus. Spix, Av. Bras. 1. p. 49, taf. 38 ~.—Gould, Monogr. Trogon. ed. 1, pl. 5. —Gray, Hand-l. B. 1. p. 83.—Scel. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 104. purpuratus. Swains. An. in Menag. p. 330. Trogonurus variegatus. Bp. Consp. Voluer. Zygod. p. 14. purpuratus. Ese: Gee ea Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 199. Hapalophorus variegatus. . : os oe a a cae dees Tus species has an extensive range over a large portion of the empire of Brazil, though it is doubtles found in the wooded rather than the open campos of that vast area. It is somewhat remarkable that Prince Maximilian von Neuwied makes no mention of it in his well-known works, especially as it seems to be by no means uncommon in the vicinity of Bahia, which was one of his chief collecting-grounds. Here it was that Swainson obtained the specimens he subsequently described as Trogon purpuratus, the types of which are still preserved in the museum of the University of Cambridge; and from the same district skins are sent in some numbers in the vast collections of bird-skins so constantly forwarded to Europe. it may be doubted if Zrogon variegatus extends its range into Though common in the province of Bahia, Sits ‘ the more southern provinces of Brazil ; but it certainly spreads over the central and western districts, as we as throuchout the valley of the Amazons. Natterer, to whom alone we are indebted for any knowledge of gS ; the birds of the distant Brazilian province of Matogrosso, found it both at Cuyaba, Villa Maria, and Mato- ] ing 7 adeir cain met with it at Barra do Rio Negro, and grosso, and then, after journeying down t adeira, he again ero, subsequently at Cajutuba, near eaiede he river M ; ‘ ae : Mr. E. Bartlett secured specimens during his visit to the Upper Ucayali, within the dominion of Peru ; and in the same Republic Mr. Henry Whitely found it in the valley of the Cosnipata.” I am indebted to Mr. Osbert Salvin for the accompanying note :— «The name variegatus, bestowed by the traveller Spix upon this species, appears well chosen; for the extent and character of the markings of the tail vary greatly, especially in specimens from Bahia. It may be from having seen a greater number of specimens from this district that these variations are more apparent in Bahian birds; but I have not yet noticed them to nearly the same extent in specimens obtained from the western confines of the range of the species. Here the white bands of the tail appear to have assumed a more definite order, and specimens in which these bands are almost run together (as in some from Bahia) have not yet come under my notice. This constancy of the white bands of the tail of the Peruvian birds, if such it is, can hardly be held to be a specific character, seeing that some Bahia birds are precisely similar, while others differ considerably. Varying as this bird does, it is somewhat surprising that only one synonym has been proposed for it. I may add that I sincerely trust that it may long remain the only one!” The three figures in the Plate are of the natural size. nN H == = ———— = — = —————= STAN GABROETT ol TROGON BEHNI. Behn’s Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Trog. supra splendid? aurato-viridis, cupreo nitens ; uropygio, supracaudahbus et rectricibus duabus mediis splendide v widibus, his nigro apicaliter Jasciatis 3; duabus proximis nigris extis re. ee splendidé viridibus, reliquis mgris albo terminatis et albo transversim fasciatis ; alis nig?ris, tectricibus alarum minimis dorso concoloribus, reliquis autem et secundariis externe cinerets minutissime nigro fimbriatis, primariis anguste albido limbatis ; superiore cyanescenti-viridibus, his cupreo nitentibus ; fronte, gutture toto nigris ; torque pectorali albo distincto ; chondriis cinereis ; tibiis nigris ; subalaribus et ald pileo cum cervice et pectore loris et facie laterali cum corpore reliquo subtis coccineo, hypo- subtis cinerascenti-nigris, ills interioribus et rectricibus versus basin pogonii interni albis. 1 a : co : : Adult male-—Crown of head, hind neck, and _ breast shining bluish green, with a golden gloss on the sides of the neck and breast, the lores, sides of face, and throat black ; across the upper breast a white band; the remainder of the underparts crimson, the sides of the body grey; the thigh-feathers black; entire back and scapulars bright coppery green, with a golden gloss, shading off into metallic grass-green on the rump and upper tail- coverts ; the smaller wing-coverts golden green like the back, the rest, as well as the outer web of the secondaries, grey, most finely and delicately freckled with blackish vermicu- lations, the remainder of the wing black, the primaries with a narrow external ec ging of white ; two centre tail-feathers green, with a coppery gloss, and having a tolerably broad terminal band of black; the next two feathers black, with only the outer web coppery green; the rest black, broadly tipped with white, and distinctly banded across with white, the number of white bars increasing more on the outer feathers; under wing-coverts and inner lining of wing greyish black, the innermost of the former and the inner base of the quills white. Total length 9 inches ; culmen 2; wing 47; tail 5; tarsus }. OO) or Trogon behni. Gould, MSS. Wuen Professor Behn, of Kiel, returned from Ameriea, he passed through London and showed me a Trogon, which he kindly left with me as a new and undescribed species. I saw at once that it was a striking bird and was remarkable for some red feathers in its crown. These, however, proved to have been surreptitiously added, as might have been expected ; for nature would never have acted so inharmoniously as to have decorated any one of these green Trogons, all of them so perfectly of one type, with such an anomaly as ared crown! But, on mature consideration, I came to the conclusion that the species was distinct on other grounds; and I had a sketch of it prepared, and proposed to name the species after the discoverer : this promise I now fulfil. During the long interval that has elapsed since the Plate was drawn, two specimens uave Co my notice—one brought by Mr. Brydges from Bolivia, the other sent from Peru by Mr. Whitely. The latter bird is in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, and has much of the appearance of an old Trogon variegatus, being considered by Mr. Salvin to belong to that species. The Bolivian bird, however, is different, in the head and chest being green and not blue, while the back is of the richest bronzy or coppery green. As there is some doubt as to the Peruvian specimen, I wish it to be understood Le the Bolivian bird, is the typical Trogon behni. This is the bird described in the present ‘ Monograph ;’ and the illustra- tion here given has been prepared from the same see ae. o aoe The principal figure in the Plate is of the size of life. I regret that, by a misprint, the title has been rendered Trogon behmi instead of 7. behni. BSG LOOT LF} 0656868 6d6R6S60604 062 Be ES4636S 3 a ee ¥ - Bias a6 65606 t a ’ AVA mY eee vr Vv la) { eVofoyotooka T ‘ WW ar eleYota > ao eS 1. Psd od 6 s Per eee ees eee eee ae Pee a a ne Ft (TTISOPT YON LUAU UTA TAT TT Led My "3 H\ "3 TROGON VIRIDIS, Zann. Black-winged Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Mas. Capite supra guttureque violaceo-purpureis. Foem. Supra et ad pectus saturate plumbeo-cinereus. Male.—Bill bluish grey ; crown of the head and chest rich violet purple ; back and rump rich metallic green ; upper tail-coverts blue; two middle tail-feathers green with a tinge of purple, two next on each side black on the inner web, and greenish purple on the outer ; the three outer feathers on each side black at their base and white at their tips ; wings black ; abdomen and under tail-coverts rich orange. Total length from 10; to 11} inches, bil/ 12, wing 5% to 5;, tail 63. Female.—Head, chest, and all the upper surface deep leaden grey ; wings brownish black ; secondaries and scapularies transversely striated with fine lines of white; abdomen and under tail-coverts orange ; three outer tail-feathers on each side brownish black, tipped and barred with white. Trogon Cayanensis cinereus, Briss. Orn., tom. iv. p. 165, pl. xvi. fig. 1. Couroucou de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 195. Trogon strigilatus, Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 167. ——— viridis, Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 167.—Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., part ii. p. 1861.— Less. 'Traité d’Orn., p. 119.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 69, Trogon, sp. 3.— Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., tom. i. p. 277.—v. Pelz. Orn. Bras., p. 20. Couroucou a ventre jaune, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Promér. et Guép., 1i.—Couroue. et Tourac., p. 8, pls. 3 & 4. albane, Levaill. ibid., p. 10, pl. 5. Trogon leverianus, Shaw, Mus. Lever., p. 175.—Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., pt. i. p. 1360.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 70, Trogon, sp. 21. violaceus, Spix, Av. Bras., tom. i. p.50.—Wied, Beitr. Nat. Gesch. Bras., tom. iv. p. 297. melanopterus, Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart., p. 332.—Id. Class. of Birds, vol. 1. p. 337.—Gould, Mon. of Trog., pls. 10 & II. “Trogon albiventer, Cuv.,” Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., tom. i. p. 148, im syn. Trogon, sp. 3. Aganus viridis, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein., Theil iv. p. 196. Tuts is one of the Trogons most frequently sent to Europe, no collection of any ae ae 7 ; l r] 1 and is also found in the Island of Trinidad. It ranges widely over the South-American continent, and is als examples. : : ality, from Demerara, Cayenne, the river Napo While writing I have before me specimens from the latter loc ws Beaeecal 0636868686 E3636 BE6d6d. Me eee a ee a nL arn 36 636 ¥ —s 3636 BG 1 86 086 ¥ 6 MS B 7 and Bahia, and the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro. John Natterer found it, anne other places, at Mato Grosso in October, on the river Xié in June, on the Rio Negro in July, and the Rio Sa Usioes in December. It is now very generally admitted by ornithologists that Linnzeus’s specific name of = must be nere- after retained for this bird. Swainson’s term me/anopterus would have been a more appropriate appellation ; but this term, as well as that of eo/aceus assigned to it by Spix, must give place to the prior designation, however inappropriate it may be. Much confusion has hitherto oases with regard to the synonymy of this species, a confusion mainly caused by the great difference in the colouring of the sexes, and Mie numerous changes which take place in the plumage of the young males during the first two years of their existence. At first the secondaries and wings are crossed with narrow lines of white, and the tails are barred with white on a black ground. When these tail-feathers are thrown off they are not all shed simultaneously ; : and thus it frequently happens that two of the outer feathers on one eae resemble those borne by the older birds, and present a strong contrast to the unshed barred plumes of the opposite side. The upper surface, too, of the young males is frequently clothed with mingled green and grey feathers, giving them a totally different appearance from the adults of both sexes The following remarks on Trogon viridis were given in Bir first edition of this Monograph, and may be repeated here :—This species gives a preference to dense and impenetrable forests, and like the other members of its race is solitary and unsocial in its habits. The male may be distinguished from all others by its large size and by the rich violet colour of its head and chest. The female is more sombre in her colouring, those parts being of a dusky grey which in the male are resplendent green and violet. Burmeister states that this is the commonest species of Trogon inhabiting the Brazilian forests, where it is mostly seen sitting solitary on branches of a moderate height from the ground, and, not being shy, will admit of near approach. Its flight is soft and slow, and extends to buta short distance before it settles again. Like the Parrots it is considered good food by the Brazilians. In the stomachs of some specimens which M. Natterer examined were found the remains of fruit, and an insect nearly allied to Janéis. “This beautiful Trogon ” says Prince Maximilian of W ied, ‘is perhaps the commonest of all the birds in- habiting the parts of Brazil visited by me. It is to be found south in the Serra dos Orgaos near Rio, near Cabo Frio in the Serra de Inua, where it is very numerous, and proceeds as far north as Guiana ; but Azara did not notice it as occurring in Paraguay. It dwells in the lower as well as in the mountainous forests, but especially in those near the coast. Its cry, which may be heard everywhere, is a rather short, often- repeated monosyllabic whistle, gradually descending from a high to a lower tone, and appears to me among bird-voices to be most like the call of the female Turkey (Meleagris gallopav 0). The bird is so little shy or so simple that, as Azara tr uthfully remarks, it may be killed with a stick. less on a naked moderately high branch, with its It is mostly seen sitting motion- head drawn in between the shoulders, and its tail hanging straight down. On uttering its easily imitated cry it will come like our Cuckoo and at hand ; its flight is noiseless and owl-like. Everywhere abundant, it appe majestic forests near the coasts than in the Catinga or alight on a branch near ars to be more numerous in the Carasco bushes of the hot and dry interior. In the Sertong or the inner parts of the province of Bahia it is called Pompéo, in Minas Ger but in most of the other provinces all the Trogons are called Curucua : cudos, and, accor ding to W aterton, is termed Bochlora j in Guiana. countries be short of food, the fles| raes Capitao do mato; It is the Mit-not- -nop of the Boto- Should the traveller in those uncivilized 1 of this bird will prove not unacceptable.” The Plate represents an adult male anda female, of the natural size. The plant is the Pandanus candelabrum. TROGON CHIONURUS, Sclater & Salvin. J Gould & Wart deh ct lit}y, Walter tmp. II|NIr a PINT]ITVNNNNULAODNN} IEP UHNILTITITHITTY "I "9 MA "J TROGON CHION URUS. The Snow-tailed ‘Trogon. S SPECIFIC CHARACTER. i. or ery Rooney 5 Beg cae : aot, 5 : : b Trog. similis 'T. vividi, sed rectricibus eaxternis Jere omnino albis, ita ut cauda clausa omnino alba esse videtur. y oe i a8 f Foem. Ltiam rectricum externarum apices laté albos ostendit (Sel. & Salv. J. c.) . Cc . . else Adult male-—Head and neck black, with a V glossed here and there with copper rump and upper tail-coverts ; ery slight gloss of purple ; back purplish blue, y green, shading off into rich dark purple on the wings entirely black, with the exception of the least coverts, which are coloured like the back ; tail dull purple, tipped with black, and inclining to black on the inner web of all but the two centre feathers, the three outer tail-feathers white, with black bases, the latter increasing in extent gradually towards the centre of the tail; sides of face, : . sides of the latter showing a purplish gloss, the leg-feathers black ; throat, and upper breast black, the rest of under surface rich orange-yellow, under wing-coyerts black, the innermost whitish, the lower series ashy black, like the inner lining of the quills, the latter being ashy black with white bases to the inner webs of the median primaries. Q Total length 10; inches; culmen ?; wing 5;; tail 6; tarsus Oe Female.—Greyish above and on the lower parts, including the breast ; the rest of the under surface rich orange ; wings black, the coverts narrowly barred with white; the outer tail-feathers tipped with white and barred with black on the rest of the white of these feathers. Trogon viridis, Scl. & Saly. P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 8364.—Lawr. Ann. Liye: NOY. vireo 20 chionurus, Sel. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 843.—Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 374.—Sel. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 304. cee cums, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. x. p. 11. I wave taken the characters of this species from Messrs. Sclater and Salvin; and I think I cannot do better than reproduce their remarks on the affinities of the species :—‘‘ We have e-cmmied numerous specimens of this Trogon from Panama, and have hitherto referred it iS Te: DES. We convinced oe some time ago, on examining an example from Mr. Lawrence’s collection, that is wes not really 7. niridis, but were then doubtful whether it might not be 7. venustus, Cab. & Hein. (Mus. Hein. iv. p. 194). On going into the question again, aided by additional skins of 7° vdis from oe oe We tee convinced that T. venustus (as characterized 7. s.c.) cannot be considered really distinct from 7° wridis. We have speci- mens of this bird now before us from Rio, Bahia, Matto Grosso, Eastern Venezuela, and Bogota, and can find no constant differences amongst them, although there is considerable diversity of tint in the colour of the lower back, and some specimens approach to what Dr. Finsch has recently proposed to call 7. cyanurus (P. Z. 8. 1870, p. 559) ! “On the other hand, three Panama skins in the collection of Salvin and Godman present the remarkable character of the outer tail-feathers above mentioned. The first outer pair are all pure white except : narrow basal patch concealed by the tail-coverts. Of the See pam considerably more a Cee oe is white. In the third pair the white apices measure 2 inches a length. We Bass oe ca ue a T. chionurus. We have seen other examples of this Panama species m Mr. Lawrence’s and Mr. Gould’s ot i but Mr. Salvin, in a note to me : : : : ’ this fine species; but Mr. Salvin, in < : ; Nothing is known of the habits and economy of this fine species ; states :— B6DEbAS 6 1 4dGdES 263 § 5 36 Bee eee ee ee ae ee a6 6 i 36363 63 3 s So A A U 4 6R¢ ayo ogo > a 2 S Chee ee Doe a) ) a WL . >, olevola¥ ae ns NT ONT NNT, Ch VF ezostto — cee ct oe BT, i Pt) 4 te re eed i qi s 6Zetfo j SI S ey ATS). <3 IIUIVUUIY, “ This beautiful species may readily be distinguished from the well-known 7. viridis by the much greater development of white in the tail-feathers. patch concealed by the tail-coverts. Of the second pair considerably more than the apical half is white; in the third pair the white apices measure 2 inches in length. When the tail is closed the under surface Comparing the amount of white in the tail with that shown in Z. viridis the The first outer pair are all pure white, except a narrow basal appears perfectly white. distinctness of the two birds is apparent. ‘Notwithstanding this difference, the species remained for several years undescribed both in Mr Lawrence’s cabinet and our own; but in 1870 Mr. Sclater and I had occasion to reexamine the question > when it became manifest that this fine species required a name. About the same time Mr. Lawrence also bestowed the name eximivs upon it. «The first specimens of this species were forwarded to Mr. Lawrence from the Panama-Railway line, by the late Mr. James M‘Leannan, who afterwards supplied Mr. Godman’s and my collection with skins of both sexes. The bird does not seem to extend its range into Central America beyond the railway (though it is there not uncommon), as our collector Arcé did not meet with it in the district of Veragua, which ine has so carefully investigated. Further to the southward we know very little of its range, as 4 does not come within the grasp of the bird-collectors of Bogota. Mr. Wyatt, however, when travelling in the valley of the river Magdalena, shot a female Trogon which Mr. Sclater and I determined to be of ‘dhs species. He met with it in the forest near Paturia, and says that he heard the male calling further in, and he noted that the iris was dark brown (Ibis, 1871, p. 874). From this it would appear that the home of Trogon chionurus is the low-lying hot forests of the great valley of the Magdalena, and that it extends its range into the Central- American isthmus as far as the foot of the mountains which form the higher ranges of Veragua and Costa Rica.” The Plate represents a male and a female, of the natural size. HANUULH UU em 1) | Ww AN TONTUNTONTNT Na AN \ 7, we | 7 , WG aa 636d TROGON BAIRDI. Baird’s Trogon. “ Fe SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Trog. purpurascenti-cyanescens, vir aurato-viridi nitens ; facie laterali et guld nigris ; pectore antico . : an subtus scarlatino ; alis omnino nigris puleo et collo postico purpurascentibus ; nigro purpurascenti-nitente ; corpore reliquo » tectricibus alarum tantxm nigro terminatd, rectricibus cantibus, exterioribus tribus basalitep nigris, v minoribus dorso con- . A . . . . coloribus ; caudda cyanescenti-viridi, imtermediis intis nigri- NS . . . ersus apicem gradatim albis. Foem. Schistaceo-nigra, alis cauddque paulld obscurioribus et e . oe ey xtus, nisi in rectricibus quatuor mediis, albo transfasciatis ; ventre et criss 0 coccineis (Salvin). Adult male.—Above bluish green, with a beautiful shade of purple, especially on the rump, which is somewhat tinged with bronze also; head and hind neck purple ; wings entirely black, excepting the least wing-coverts, which are shining green like the back; the three centre tail-feathers on each side bluish green, the two middle rectrices entirely green, but the next two bl the three outer tail-feathers black, inclining to white tipped with black, ackish on the inner web, at the tips, this colour gradually increasing on the outer feathers ; lores, ear-coverts, sides of face, and throat black ; the fore neck black, with a few metallic purple feathers; rest of under surface of body bright scarlet ; the inner lining of the wing greyish black, the interior wing- coverts and the base of the inner web of the quills whitish. Total length 11 inches; culmen 1:0; wing 57; tail 63. Female.—Slaty black ; the wings and tail rather darker, and, excepting on the four centre feathers, barred across with white ; belly and vent crimson. Trogon bawdi. Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 119.—Salv. Ibis, 1869, p. 316.—Id. P. Z.S. 1870, p. 202.—Scl. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 104. I must congratulate Mr. Lawrence, not only on the good fortune which Bes placed in his hands such a beautiful species as the present, but also for the happy selection of his specific title, whereby is perpetuated the name of a scientific man who deserves well of his country. | | I regret that we know nothing of the habits of this splendid Trogon ; but there is oe ae ie in this respect from other members of the group. At present it has only been found in Costa Rica and i, i ‘ c Iditions which have been made to “The Trogon bairdi,’ writes Mr. Salvin, “is one of the remarkable additions z uC Ae the birds of Central America during the last few years. Up to the year 1861—62 few districts in America were less known ornithologically than Costa Rica ; but since that time so pumerous are a eae have been made that our knowledge of the riches of that country may now be a : ae oe In the year 1868 Mr. Lawrence compiled a list o the birds of Costa ee Se au a specimens sent to the Smithsonian Institution by various collectors. Amongst the skir ‘ i : cer F. Baird, the well- : . . ich Mr. Lawrence named in honour of Prof. Spen ; specimens of this fine bird, which Mr. Lawrence na . ie : Assistant Secretary to the Smith- : . Ae > vears he 1e important post of Assistan known ornithologist, who has so many years held tl I I sonian Institution.” vod at its nearest ally 5 2 alec species, states that its n Mr. Lawrence, in his remarks on this sj , from him, as the bird now ander consideration belongs to a somewhat : A ; chionurus of the Isthmus of Panama in is 7. melanocephalus ; but on this point I venture to differ oF T a : srs from 7. different group of the genus, and in fact only differs. fi A vi S: 3Q. . ¥.§ BASES a6 Bt Ri I ee Bee ee re a ee 7 r ~ 3 36 — »— Fa » Ya aA ) NWA AN, e260 N OAM Wn WANS py BaESEAG ‘ ue ee eae” ae Se iT having the breast red instead of yellow. This difference, however, is very apparent, as may readily be seen by reference to the drawings of the two species. ated, this species is found in Costa Rica, the original specimens having been obtained at | i | As already st Since that time numerous examples have been forwarded to us by our a place called San Mateo. collector Enrique Arce, who obtained them at San Miguel de Bugaba on the slopes of the Volcano of Chiriqui; and, more recently still, he has procured others in the forests nearer to Panama. On the railway-line itself, however, it has not yet been met with, its place being apparently taken by the orange- breasted 7. chionurus. Nothing has as yet transpired as to its habits and economy. The figures are life-size. Wi i i 1 bial HH Vi i Hi | | HT iT | HHI t ii | | | | ul] Hi FELL 11 i} i} I] Ni | Phil | tT I} i | | ' Pell Walter. im p ag gay tr. TROGON AURANTIUS, sp: Orang'e-breasted Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Mas. Vertice pectoreque violaceo-ceruleis nitore viridi, gutture nigrescente ; dorso et uropygro : S ae 7) 4 A es as ; ; i entense veridibus, hic cerulescente; abdomine medio crissoque splendidé aurantiacis; rectricibus caude duabus intermediis intense viridibus, utrisque duabus proximis nigrescenti-fuscis extis viridi lavatis ; tribus externis versus apicem albis. . 5 z 4 ZINN Po ae . . . . Foem. Capite, corpore supra, gutture, pectore lateribusque nigrescenti-cinereis ; caudd nigrescenti- cmered, rectricibus intermediis ad apicem mgerrims, tribus externis albo extis marginatis apicibusque albis. Male.—Crown of the head and chest violet-blue, with green reflections in some specimens ; throat black ; back and rump rich dark green inclining to blue on the latter ; wings black, with the centre very finely striated with greyish white, and the primaries margined on the outer edges with white ; flanks grey ; centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts rich orange yellow ; two centre tail-feathers rich green ; the two next on each side blackish brown, tinged with green on their outer webs, and all six tipped with black; the three lateral feathers on each side blackish brown at the base, and pure white for the remainder of their length ; bill bluish horn-colour; feet purplish lead-colour. Total length 10; inches, bill 1, wing 5, tail 6. Female.—Head, all the upper surface, throat, chest, flanks, and tail grey, the middle feathers of the latter tipped with jet-black, and the three lateral ones on each side margined on their external webs and tipped with white ; centre of the wing striated with white ; centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts orange yellow ; bill dark horn-colour, becoming lighter at the point ; feet purplish lead-colour. Trogon aurantius, Spix, Av. Bras., tom. 1. p. 47, tab. xxxvi.—Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. part 1, p. 219.—Temm. PI. Col., gen. Courouce., sp. 13.—Gould, Mon. of Trog., pl. 14.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 69, Trogon, sp. 7.—Id. List of Spec. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus., part ii. sect. 1., Fissirostres, p. 42.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., tom.i.p. 149, Trogon, sp. 6.—Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., tom. u. p. 279.—v. Pelz. Sitz. Wien. Akad. Wissensch., tom. xx. p. 505.—Id. Orn. Bras., p. 20.—Sclater, Cat. of Coll. of Amer. Birds, p. 276. —— chrysogaster, Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart., p. 330.—Id. Class. of Birds, vol. 11. p. 337. Aganus aurantius, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein., Theil iv. p. 192. My late friend John Natterer informed me, when in London some thirty years ago, that this beautiful species, : - Ri iro; W mn from August the Trogon aurantius of Spix, was not uncommon 11 the woods near Rio de Janeiro; we learn from Aug os , Jatterer’s Reisen in den Ji 1 1817 bis 1835,” von Pelzeln’s “ Ornithologie Brasiliens, Resultate von Johann Natterer’s Reisen in den Jahrer / 0; ee aa eee eee er eee eee that examples were obtained by Natterer in Minas Geraes, and at Monjotabas and I have myself received it from other parts of Brazil: that country would therefore appear to constitute its natural habitat. Bur- meister, who obtained a male near New Freiburg, states that this species is not so abundant as the Trogon viridis, that the Prince of Wied did not meet with it, and that consequently it must be regarded as a Brazilian bird. Much difference exists in the colour of the upper surface of different specimens, par- ticularly of the head and throat, some having those parts of a rich violet purple, while in others they are of a rich metallic green; but as I find no variation in their relative admeasurements, I am led to regard them as merely varieties of the same species. The plumage of the young males resembles that of the female ; but their central tail-feathers are at all times glossed with green on the upper surface : still they are apt to puzzle the ornithologist, unless he has made himself acquainted with the peculiar variations in colour to which the immature birds of this family are subject from the circumstance of the feathers of the body frequently undergoing a change before those of the wings and tail. I have a specimen in my collection, in which an almost perfect moult has taken place in the plumage of the body, its tint being nearly as rich as that of the adult: this specimen is also rendered remarkable by the centre of the wing having assumed the minute markings of maturity, while the tail resembles that of the female, in which the white only occupies the outer webs and extreme tips of the three lateral feathers. The Plate represents a male and female, of the natural size. The plant is the Pass¢flora tinifolia. 3 ELVIS TEQOCOTTORRAL Soe a 7 BOS Or ag) I] UTTIYTNTN a oF IITI|HNF A per TROGON SURUCUA. Surucua Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Mas. Vertice, cervice iridescenti-ceruleis » roptrjns .. WE : pectoreque iridescenti-cei ules ; rectricibus intermediis duabus cerulescenti- viridibus, duabus proximis utringue pogoniis externis cerulescenti-viridibus internis nigris, ‘um omnium apicibus negris, reliquis dimidio basali nigro anica); > remigib gr harum on gro apiat albo ; remigibus nigrescenti- brunneis, albo ad pogonia externa fimbriatis. Foem. Puliginoso-cinerea ; alis bi unnescenti-nigris, renugibus albo fimbriatis. / ] > , = ES ; 4 Male.—Crown of the head, back of the neck, and chest changeable green and violet in some specimens, and almost pure blue in others ; throat and face black ; back and upper tail- coverts deep changeable golden green, inclining to blue on the rump; the two middle tail- feathers bluish green, the two next on each side with their outer webs only bluish green, the inner black, the whole six tipped with black ; the three outer feathers on each side have their basal half black, the remainder white ; primaries blackish brown, bordered with white on their exterior edges; secondaries and upper part of the wing freckled with markings of black and white; centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts crimson; bill olive; irides reddish brown ; eyelash orange; feet dark brown. Total length 10; inches, é7/7 1, wing 5, tail 55. Female.—-Head, neck, chest, back, and rump sooty grey ; lower part of the belly and under tail- coverts light crimson ; wings brownish black ; primaries edged with white ; the secondaries and upper part of the wings transversely rayed with greyish white ; six centre tail-feathers brownish grey tipped with black, three outer feathers on each side brownish grey margined on their exterior edges and partly so on their inner ones with white ; bill olive. Surucud, Azar. Apunt. Hist. Nat. Paxar. Parag., tom. u. p. 373. no. 270. Trogon surucura, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d Hist. Nat., tom. vii. p. 322.—Gould, Mon. of Trog., pl. 15.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. ii. App. p. 4, app. to p. 69.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Ay., tom. i. p. 148, Harpactes, sp. 2.—v. Pelz. Orn. Bras., p. 19. Trogon leucurus, Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart., p. 331.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol.i. p. 70, Trogon, sp. 15.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., tom. 1. p. 149, Trogon, sp. 19. curucura, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 69, Trogon, sp. 2. Curucujus surucua, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zygod., p. 14. gen. 20s or Trogon surucua, Hartl. Ind. Azar., p.17.—Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., tom. u. p. 274. Hapalophorus surucua, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein., Theil iv. p. 199. : ce os, Bee ee Surucua of Azara, I am induced to As I have not the slightest doubt that the bird here represented is the S¢ : : ae p species in his celebrated insert the following nearly literal translation of the account he has given of the species in his c é > 2 work on the natural productions of Paragu country, he proceeds to state that ‘it is not common, and ay :—After informing us that Swrucua is its native name in that does not quit the largest woods, but generally — Se ee ae eee ee er eee ees ., ILS, “= PA4% YOhoto IK = g AN FAK A ISS, & = x ~ 4 IIR x PA IX LIRIK RIND, A RILILILIL), = CF; Fh IO FRR 7 X 4 IRIN << ILI® RILIK € remains on the upper portions of the trees without descending to ee ae branches oe tne earth : it sits a long time motionless, watching for insects which may pass within its reach, ee it seizes with adroitness ; it is not gregarious, but dwells either in solitude or in pairs ; its flight, which is rapid and per- formed in vertical undulations, is not prolonged. These birds are so tame as to admit of a near approach ; I have seen them killed with a stick. They do not migrate, and they are never heard except in the love season ; their note then consists but of the frequent repetition of the syllables pzo in astrong, sonorous, and melancholy voice: the male and female answer each other. They form their nests on the trees by digging into the lower part of the nest of a species of ant known by the name of cupiy, until they have made a cavity sufficiently large, in which the female deposits in the month of September two white eggs according to some, and four according to others. I have seen the male clinging to a tree, after the manner of the Wood- peckers, and occupied in digging a nest with his beak, while the female remained tranquil on a neigh- bouring tree.” Azara states that he has only seen this bird from Paraguay ; I have, however, received it from the southern parts of Brazil; and the late John Natterer obtained examples at Mattodentro in November and December, and at Ypanema in February, May, June, July, and August ; I am inclined, therefore, to believe that it has a more extensive range than is generally supposed. The Plate represents the two sexes, of the size of life. The Plant is the Chamedorea Ernesti-Augusti (foem.). Se eae A Re Se Paha So) ; \ IT, — TRIE IRIR g ey, x , xy O~ IR IRIE We x A Ie RIRIL 4 IRIN rae IRIS: IRILIR’ CHR 9X Che s IRILY RIRIL Re, av CPX a RV VTIN 4T ~; es i FROGON CITREOLUS, J. Gould & WHart del et. kit, VV Vralton ump EUNACA IGUANA LUA ae 4 em ' PERIL ING, et TROGON CITREOLUS, Gould. Lemon-breasted Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, SN . 0°56 6 Trog. corpore supra guttureque cerulescenti-viridibus ; rectricibus duabus intermediis ad apicem, reliquisque ad basin nigris, his apicem 3 ee ee a ee ae proximarum duarum utringue pogoniis imternis, versus albis; ventre citrino in aurantiacum vergente ; alis brunnescenti-nigris, primariorum pogonus externis albo fimbriatis; rostro cerulescenti-corneo : ae I Foem. Capite, gutture dorsoque saturate cinereis 36 — ~ pedibus brunneis. = ; rectricibus sex intermediis brunnescenti- 63656 nigris ; in reliquis mari simillima. 3 304 VON { >) Male.—Crown of the head, neck, back, and throat bluish ereen ; tips of the two middle tail-feathers, the internal web of the two next on each side, and the base of the emainder black, the rest of each feather white; abdomen lemon-yellow, passing into orange ; wings brownish black, the outer webs of the prim bill bluish horn-colour ; feet brown. aries fringed with white : Female-—Head, throat, and back dark grey; six middle tail-feathers brownish ; in other respects the same as the male. Total length 105 inches; bill 1; wing 5;; tail 6; tarsi Ne Trogon citreolus. Gould, P. Z. 8S. 1835, p. 30.—Id. Monogr. Trog. ede sleeps 13.—Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 82.—Scl. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. p- 104. — ——~ lucidus. Licht. in Mus. Berol. (fide Cabanis). Agamus citreolus. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. De ore Ly: a6 86 < 3 > Tuts interesting and very rare Trogon is a native of Mexico, and may be distinguished from most other known species by the delicate lemon-yellow of the under surface, by the greater extent of the white on the a ee eYoleove eS, lateral tail-feathers, and by the uniform colouring of the central portion of the wing. The foregoing paragraph relates all that was known of the species at the time of publication of the first edition of the ‘Monograph ;’ but I have lately been indebted to my kind friend Mr. Salvin for the following £y account of the species :— , “ Of this well-marked species but little is known. The original specimens, formerly in the collection of the Zoological Society, came from Mexico; but, beyond the indication of the particular places where the species occurs in that country, next to nothing has been added to its history. Herr Deppe, who Ed largely enriched the Berlin Museum with specimens of the natural objects of Seas, Ce this bird at Tequistlan and Tehuantepec ; and at this latter place Col. A. J. Grayson also ais with it. The same a recat also says, in a note given in Mr. Lawrence’s ‘Catalogue of the Birds of North-W estern bet a the second volume of the ‘Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History,’ that the bird is well distributed throughout the forests of the tierra caliente of that region, which includes the district on ae both Col. Grayson and Mr. Xantus procured specimens. Mr. Cre aoe that the = ae nee a Tehuantepec by Prof. Sumichrast to the Smithsonian Institution contained numerous specimens om a > included i irds of Guatemala ; but this Lf’ citreolus. At one time I thought that this Trogon might be included in the _ S ie : I still think it far from improbable that the bird is BeOS OHS OS suppositi i al confirmati hough supposition has not received actual confirmation, thoug ° if actually 1 : erritory. One point to be found in the forests of the province of Soconusco, if not actually in oe ee 7 P restern S Jordilleras, which sprez seems certain, that its range is restricted to the forests of the western slope of the Cordilleras, I out to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. ae “Tt remains to be stated that Messrs. Cabanis and Heine, in in the ‘Revue Zoologique’ for 1842 synonym 7. capistratus of Lesson, described in the . g their account of 7° cctreolus, place as a , p. 1386. But from the ee b S t i { \ eVofoVoaloFoka eS 4 Sak IR) | Sa ny ra locality (Realejo) in Nicaragua whence Lesson’s bird was obtained, and ne vagueness of the description, I am inclined to assign this name as a synonym of T. melanocephalus. The latter bird, as I know from personal observation, is quite common on the shores of the Gulf of Fonseca, Realejo being distant only a few hours’ sail. However, Dr. Cabanis may be right; and in that case it is more than likely that the locality assigned to Lesson’s specimen is erroneous, and that it really came from further up the coast.” The figures in the Plate are of the size of life, and represent the usual coloration of the bird. y a R 5 RIE TRIE IR Ie IR IRI! IN IR RILIR SS 1% IRI FRVIR 5e K TeVeIRy x C9 RY a WU CUUO OC VOU OO OUOOK HY IITTHIIT) 4 3 ns tit 2 | | | {TNNIIUNNI|II | [BEBENESARE SESE SEDESEREDENE SEES CAC TERESA NERC EERE SESE SEDC SESCSEDERESESEAC DESC SESESESERCSCOENESEDESEACAEDEDCIOSENEDESED s565cq) 0 ar Fae ied elena i a tail o EEE Yaa ee it oe. ent et ee ee he Cr cnn Shc tees. slide atalsbissieiTolg ney \ TROGON MELANOCEPHALUS Black-headed Trogon. Gould. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. cy. a PIN Boll : Blas. —V erlice pectoreque sordide Mgrs ; corpore dorso, in toto, violaceo, viridi lucid? lavato ; rectricibus tribus externis nigris, ad apicem albis Vale.—Head, occi S jeae ee Male ad, occiput, throat and chest black ; scapularies and back glossy into violet-blue on th ' tail-coverts ; wines c e upper tail-coverts ; w ings black, the basal portion of the oute two centre tail-feathers greenish blue, black ; the remaining tail-feathers black, the three outer ones on each side | breast and under tail-coverts rich gamboge-yellow ; thighs 2 : r webs of the primaries fringed with white : i 5 tipped with | . argely tipped in a square form with white - black ; bill horn-colour. Total length, 103 inches ; Ail, 1 - wing, 6+; tail, 62. Female —Head, throat, chest, all the upper surface, wings and tail slaty black; basal portion of the outer webs of the primaries margined with white ; three outer tail-feathers squarely tipped with white ; abdomen and under tail-coverts gamboge-yellow ; thighs black. Young male.—General plumage slaty black, with a wash of green on the back and upper tail- coverts ; the wing-coverts and secondaries with a series of buff markings of different sizes and shapes on their outer webs; the two centre tail-feathers deep bronzy-green, the lateral feathers slightly toothed with white, and the white of the tips prolonged for some distance up the outer web, instead of being of a square form, as in the adult; feathers of the centre of the abdomen and the posterior under tail-coverts clouded black and white. Trogon melanocephala, Gould, Mon. of Trogons, pl. 12. ——— melanocephalus, Gray, List of Spec. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus., p. 42.—Gray and Mitch., Gen. of Birds, vol. 1. p. 70, Trogon, sp. 17.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 149, Trogon, sp. 16.—Sclater in Proce. of Zool. Soc., part xxv. p. 227. Tue Trogons of Central America and Mexico possess peculiar characteristics, which at once separate them from the species found in Brazil and other parts of South America. In the present case we find a Trogon with a black head, a character not found in any other American species. When fully adult, the male is really a fine bird, the greenish blue of the back being very beautiful, and the three black outer tail-feathers, with their bold and squarely-formed white tips, showing very conspicuously : this latter feature would seem to be common to both sexes, that is, if the birds in my collection with a unitorm sooty head, back and chest be of this sex. I sav. if the birds so coloured be of this sex, because a suspicion has sometimes arisen that sex. say, Ss 1 il this “OV shall consider them as females of 7. meda- they may constitute another species; but until this be prov ed, I shall consider them ¢ ‘ ° eC 7es ing shige nocephalus. possess a youthful male of this species, having sligl oe on ’ - . oe i E « ‘ . BGR heir external margins ; their tips are w hite, as in the adult; at this age truncate form of those of the adult, but are narrower and it indications of white bars on the three outer tail-feathers, especially on t these feathers do not present the remarkable x inclined to be pointed. Very young individuals are beautiful six weeks old, is represented by the lower figure in the accom Eyton, Esq. As stated in the former edition of this monograph, the first sp from Mexico and Honduras. ly marked: one, which I presume to be about panying Plate ; it is in the collection of 'T. C. yecimen I obtained of this species was from Tamaulipas ; since then I have received fine examples ; ; sees -epresentation of the female. The figures are of the natural size, with a reduced representé bluish green, passing oe eee 34 a eee ee eee ne ae eee) ae ee ae = a = are five It partakes, in fact, to some extent of the characters of both the above- mentioned groups. There < ’ a : r so deep nor so distinct notches on the oe of both upper and lower mandibles ; but these are neithe | large as in 7” massena.’ It is an inhabitant of Veragua, the exact localities where it h ao > 3 ole ; si Santiago de Veragua, Calovevora, and the Cordillera de T extend to Costa Rica, by Mr. Lawrence. as been obtained by Arce being Santa Fe, but more recently it has been shown to i | 9, gy ar 4 ‘ EREREX 4 sO 363636363636 36 636362634636 3636 { bf es ay 3686 36 6 i 363 ; “Oo YL "i a . at 6362 BABE SEDARERS ee ae ee ee ee eee es De7e CHRP RIE aoe IRI po Pas Sd a ~ WS y RIN S 9 HO o er A CHRIRIC = j Fe FR: = c = J g , Ie 5e9e08 VIE" *, 29 ILILILY ve VIR = IRIRI ~ @pene ~ = = - PRICED = oepene 9 9e g «This exceedingly well-marked species of Trogon,” Mr. Salvin says, ‘‘ seems to occupy a position some- what intermediate between the two sections represented by 7. massena and 7. puella, its real affinity being with the former group. The credit of its discovery is due to Enrique Arcé, who was employed as a collector by Mr. Godman and myself for many years in Central America. “In a collection formed in the neighbourhood of Santiago and Santa Fé in Veragua and forwarded to us in 1865, were two males of this species, which I described in the Zoological Society’s Proceedings for 1866. Subsequently we received others, including females, from the Cordillera de Tolé, Calovevora ; and since then the species has been discovered in Costa Rica, specimens having been sent by Carmiol to us, and to the Smithsonian Institution from San Mateo by J. Cooper. «The range of the species seems strictly limited to the forests of the mountain-ranges of Costa Rica and Veragua, not passing the river San Juan to the northward, or the lowlands of the isthmus of Pamama to the southward. No account of its habits has as yet reached us.” The front figures in the accompanying Plate are of life-size. < TW O ¢ R ae BACDEDEDEDESEAC DEBE ACSC SE SERCSE RE SE SEDE DEAK Halter Imp t kth eet) EGE , J Gould & W Hert, del e Na NESE ADEAKDEACDK AAS DEASDESSSHa] appa 4| 5 3 — ew = —— ie — sé —- L & at Zw ds ws { B42 62 BOOT 63 Se et ANADGDEDANENENGNENGNSDSENODENEGNE NEUEN DENEEDED TROGON MELANURUS, Swainson. Black-tailed Troe on. CN a as 1 SPECIFIC CHARACTER. ‘0g. vertice, pectore summo ne Trog fi summo et corpore supra intense aureo- viridibus ; loris, regione auriculari, guldque nigris, hée aureo-viridi nitente ; pectore albo transversim fasciato ; pulcherrimé coccineo ; alis mgris, medialiter lineis delicatis albis striatis albo marginatis ; caudd nigrd, rectricibus sex intermediis externis extus lineis obscuris albis striatis ; Foem. Capite, corpore subtis primariisque extits purpureo et viridi tinctis ; duabus rostro flavo ; pedibus stramineis. corpore supra, gutture ee intense cinere is; alis nigris, obscure striis albis medialiter notatis ; cauda niyy a, rectricibus duabus externis eats Crissoque COCCINELS. Male.—Crown of the head, chest, and all the upper surface dark golden green ; space between the bill and the eye, ear-coverts, and throat black, gradually passing into the golden green ; breast crossed by a band of white, beyond which all the under surface is rich fiery scarlet ; wing black, the centre striated with fine wavy lines of white, and the primaries margined externally with the same colour ; tail |] black, the six centre feathers tinged with purple and green, and the outer web of the lateral feather on each side faintly with white, as in the centre of the w ing ; bill yellow ; feet straw- yellow. Female.—Head, all the upper surface, throat, and breast Fi k grey ; wings and tail black, with a faint indication of the white striae on the centre of the wing and the outer webs of the lateral tail-feathers ; vent and under tail-coverts scarlet. Total length 12 inches; bill 1}; wing 6{; tail 6:; tarsi: striated bol Couroucou a ventre rouge de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl. 452. Trogon curucui, var. Gm. 8. N. i. p. 403. Le Couroucou d Amérique male a ventre rose. Levaill. Hist. Nat. Couroue. pl. 1 Le Couroucou & ventre rose dans son premier dge. Leyaill. t. c. pl. 2 Trogon curucui (nec Linn.). Bonn. et Vieill. Enc. Méth. iii. p. 1362.—Gray, Gen. B. i. p: 69.—Burm. Syst. Uebers. i. p. 275.—Gray, Hand-l. B. 1. p. 81. Trogon strigilatus. Spix, Av. Bras. 1. p. 49. — melanurus. Swains. An. in Menag. p. 329.—Gould, Monogr. Trogon. text to pl. 18. —Gray, List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 41.—Cab. in Schomb. Reis. Brit. Guian. Ii. p: 718.—Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 261, et 1860, p. 284.—Id. Cat. Am. B. p. 277.—Scl. & Saly. P.Z. S. 1866, p. 193.—Iid. op. cit. 1867, pp. 583, 978.—lid. op. cit. 1869, p- 598.—Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 19, 402.—Scl. & Salv. P.Z.S. 1873, p. 292.—lid. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 104. Trogon nigricaudatus. Gould, Monogr. Trogon. pl. 18. Curucujus melanurus. Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14. Troctes melanurus. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 202. ee csurus. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 203° > urus was the In the first edition of this Monograph I stated my opinion that Swainson’s name of melanuru: s ¢ € € tl ame best one that could be employed for the present species, as being undoubtedly te Bes a . ie wi C 2 e a time the oldest recognizable title for it. Although Mr. George Robert Gray believed it to b oS i ini . by the majority of ornithologists, neither Trogon curucui of Linneus, his opinion has not been concurred in by y can J adopt it. | 4H ~ ” 4 S 9 39) 4 ERGRE NA GRERADSEREDA DG 363. 62 = 3 ~~ < 3 i 3 ~O. > > 2-2 S) 63 EDENENGESARE BERG RLDESESESESESEDE RS. a ee ee ee eee eee nee SW, BE Ss Py APS) <3 ak ww RIRI oS 4 Hee oad » FUR IRINTED y —— BUI eve 9 7 HRY, IR ee Fee Ie) es > vey peoe0e 98 eseoe VEIVPeveD ey) ——— 5¢ @ ~~ y = e = yey = 9e7e e e Ve ~ Ie Oede DED in South America. It is found in Guiana, ip | Trooon is a bird of very wide distribution The Black-tailed Trogon is a bird of very wic | ; : ela. Messrs. Cabanis and Heine, in and the Museum Heineanum is said to contain an example from Venezu Jab | ast-named Museum, separate the Trogon from Ecuador as a distinct species; but I their account of the | | | for this specific separation, and I therefore keep it under the heading of have not found sufficient characters nile ce ae 2 : CIES ¢ abahoyo, 1 ers try; while in the Amazons 1 T. melanurus. Mr. Fraser met with the species at Babahoyo, im the latter country; e Amazons it has been procured by Mr. Bates at Ega and on the Rio Javarri, by Mr. Hoe as Pebas, and by Mr. Edward Bartlett in Eastern Peru, at Nauta, on the Upper Ucayali, as well as a Yurimaguas, Xeberos, and Santa Cruz, while Mr. Henry Whitely has shot it in the valley of the Cosnipata in Peru. The British Museum possesses a specimen from Para, procured by Mr. R. Graham, and Mr. Wallace met with it in the same locality. In his excellent work on Natterer’s Ornithological Travels in Brazil, Herr von Pelzeln enumerates | places where that model collector obtained specimens. Like the naturalists above mentioned, Natterer found it at Para, and higher up the country on the Rio Negro, at Barra, and Maribitanas ; he also procured it in Central Brazil, in the province of Matto Grosso, at Villa Maria, and on the Rio do Sipotuba. As is the case with nearly all the Trogons, the details as to the habits of the present bird are very scanty. Mr. Fraser alone gives a short note on the species procured by him at Babahoyo, as follows :—* Native name Chocota. Irides white; upper mandible with a large yellow spot at the base, lower mandible yellow ; legs and feet greenish, soles yellow. Much more active than any other Trogon which I have yet had an opportunity of observing, hopping from branch to branch in the lower part of a large tree in the deep bush, solitary and silent.” On this species Mr. Salvin writes to me :— “Many authors consider that this bird should bear Linnzeus’s name Trogon curucui; but it is evident, from the references added to the diagnosis given in the ‘ Systema Nature,’ that more than one species was confused under the name cwrucui. Moreover Dr. Cabanis, whose authority on such subjects is entitled to the highest respect, considers that the name curucw belongs not to the present bird but to 7° collaris, a view, again, disputed by Dr. Finsch. Under these conflicting opinions I believe that the interests of science are best served by considering Linnzus’s name to be incapable of accurate determination, and by selecting the first subsequently proposed name, about which no reasonable doubts can be entertained. The name melanurus, bestowed by Swainson, thus becomes a proper title for this Trogon; and as one of Swainson’s types is still preserved in the Museum of the University of Cambridge, this name may be used with the greatest confidence. The specimen is a female and bears on its label ‘* Trogon nigricauda, Sw. Black- tailed T. Cayenne,”—from which it would appear that although Swainson first thought of using for this bird the Latin rendering of * black-tailed,” he adopted the Greek translation when describing it. Under the former it appears in the first edition of the Trogonide. “The bird from Western Ecuador has been separated by Messrs. Cabanis and Heine as Zroctes mesurus, the differences being stated to consist in its slightly larger size and slight modifications in the coloration of the lower back and the tail-feathers and in the mottling of the wing-coverts. As these differences are traced from the comparison of only four specimens of the two species, it may well turn out that they are not sufficiently pronounced to lead to the conclusion that two really distinct birds of this form exist.” The figures in the accompanying Plate are of the size of life. Wiulter Lnp ee aay. US , Gould. D ON MACRUR Gi TRO Could & We Hart de ct bith uc | lng nearer A ae S [SEdedesans EDEDE DEDEDE DEDEDE DEAE DEDEDE SSeS Cala tana os a aa ae ae nell ae ee re 2 ten te er ee SS. 4 ~~ ST oO % ERGREX 4% NASER 3G 6 3 ~ 62636 ee ee ~ TROGON MACRURUS, Gould. 3634 636 Long-tailed Trogon. = > - SPECIFIC CHARACTER. $3: 36 = ’ XX Capite corpore supra pectoreque splendid? aurato-viridjjoe 4... ip 7 p pra 7 iu I ms le aurato-viridibus, uropygio cerulescente ; loris, regione parotica et gutture nigris; alis mgris, tectricibus lineis delicatis cinereis | culatis ; primariis extis albo marc inatis ; d Arginais ; torque pector De a. ee J i ae ali albo ; cocemeo ; caudd mgra, rectricibus duabus intermediis sple utrisque proximis duabus ad marginem exter flavo ; pedibus plumbeis. 6 undatim vermi- 3bR¢ corpore subtis intense ndidé virescenti-purpureis nec non 363 num, reliquis guttulis cinereis adspersis ; rostro BEDEBLREDE Sod 7% Head, and all the upper surface, as well as the chest, rich golden green, tinged with blue on the rump; lores, ear-coverts, and throat black, gradually passing into golden green ; wings black, with the centre finely striated with irregular wavy lines of greyish awiite: and the primaries margined externally with white; across the breast a band of white, beyond which all the under surface is of a rich fiery scarlet ; feathers and the external webs of the two next on each { tail black, the two centre Ay side glossed with greenish purple, the remainder powdered with very fine specks of greyish white; bill yellow; feet lead- | colour. | Total length, 13 inches ; bill 1}; wing 62; tail 8; tarsi °. EBGRERS &> 23 6 a Trogon macroura. Gould, Monogr. Trogon. ed. 1, pl. 17. | —— macrurus. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 70.—Id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 81.—Sel. & Salv. Nomenel. Av. Neotr. p. 104. Curucujus macrurus. Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 14. Troctes macrurus. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 203. ‘47 £4 f) 6 ~~. ~~ S 2 > 4-74) Juperne from the very few instances in which Zogon macrurus has been met with by collectors since the species was first brought under notice in the first edition of the ‘ Monograph,’ it would appear that the bird is very local, and ranges over a very limited area. Indeed I doubt whether it is to be found beyond the district included between the lower region of the river Magdalena and the Isthmus of Panama as far as the base of the mountainous region of Veragua. M’Leannan obtained specimens, forwarded both te Mr. Lawrence and to Messrs. Salvin and Godman, on the Panama-Railway line. The late Mr. Cassin says, in his account of the birds obtained during Lieut. Michler’s survey of the Isthmus of Darien, that amongst some young birds he attributed to 7. massena, obtained on the river Fernando and the delta of the Atrato, was one that might be the young of this species. oo, In the Museum Heineanum are two birds ascribed to 7. macrurus, one young and oo fema e, bot L of which are said to have come from Cartagena. Beyond these meagre facts nothing is known of this bird. - bird. of the size of life. The accompanying Plate represents an old and a young bird, of the size FUUU EIU UU UU UU TUTTO UO UU LIV) < oN x y fr) ») CG ps vo 4. oe K a AN ih x =~ t —, — = N —— | ——— Ie —s Salita Zi acerca. = Sy ies = Sameaanmn |BSdeaeas NG BEBSSEDEDSDEDEDEDESS SESE SEOCSESEDCSE DEDEDE SEDEDS OS OESEOCOES SSE OOO5O55586 DE DESESEDESEDEDE OS DOSS DEOOSO SESE SEDC DO COOLY Gl ae Oe nal) i eT ene arene ads tee oan oe nals OF wen 0 Oe anew eth Sianle tole Ste tobi tlle 0 BU Let te we deesy ee ea a ey we 2 4 6>E2 \ A. NAYES TROCTES MASSEN i mS AK. * EREdESEREG BEREREIEDRED: Massena’s Troeon. On 1 SPECIFIC CHARACTER Mas. Staturd magné ; verti ‘more sunrh a ae Mas. & gnd ; vertice, corpore supra pectoreque nitide viridibus ; r aris: ald n ie PINDMe A AS . . ; et gutture nigris ; ala medid cinered negro delicate striatd, a) eee loris, plunis auricularibus mee primarus extus albo marginatis ; purpureo-viridibus, ad apicem ni rectricibus caude duabus intermediis quis nigri gris ; reliquis nig7ris ; pec- a tore corporeque subtiis coccineis. BE3ENE Weeki * . e 3 r : Foem. Vertice, corpore supra, gutiure, pectore abdomineque | Superiore intense ceruleo-cinereis ; abdomine imo, lateribus crissoque coccineis. - 36 WV - = +} a ] : ee ep Male.—Crown of the head, all the upper surface, and chest fine green ; lores, ear-coverts and oO VO» Cl green ; centre of the wing finely pencilled with primaries black, margined on their external centre tail-feathers purplish green, tipped with blacl throat black, gradually passing into the EMENENE lack on a grey er , b a grey ground ; webs with white ; two Q x, the remainder wholly black : breast ict e and under surface rich scarlet ; bill yellow 7 le et greyish olive. Total length 14 inches, Jill 1:, wing 73, tail 7. 4 { AKA J 636 Female.—Crown of the head, the upper surface, throat, chest, and upper half of the belly dark = bluish grey ; lower part of the belly, flanks, and under tail 1 |-coverts scarlet; wings and tail a7 6343 black, the secondaries and lesser wing-coverts powdered with extremely fine spots of grey; upper mandible black ; lower mandible yellow ; feet dark brown. ‘ 3 Trogon Massena, Gould, Mon. of Trog., pl. 16.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 70 Trogon, sp. 19.—Gray, List of Spec. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus., part ii. sect. i. Fissirostres, wd Q .—NSclat. Proe. of Zool. QP p. 40.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., tom. i. p. 149, Trogon, sp. Li Soc., 1858, p. 96, & 1859, p. 387.—Sclat. and Salyv. Ibis, 1859, p. 182.—Saly. Ibis, 1861, p. 146.—Sclat. Cat. of Coll. of Amer. Birds, p. 277.—Cab. Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, p- 174.—Selat. and Salv. Proce. of Zool. Soe., 1864, p. 364. £367, p. 151. Curucujus Massena, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zygod., p. 14. gen. 20. 16. Troctes Massene, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein., Theil iv. p. 204. Qn 3 = MS e > 4-24) Salv. in Proe. of Zool. Soe., 62. rere SU SS COTS £3 C3 © : oe a sth reoar e Vi f the minute subdivi- OrnirHoLoaists will doubtless always be divided in opinion with regard to the value o aes . . . . Ce ee o See seas oe _ ‘ e > 1°S InN O sions which are found to exist in all large families of birds; on observing that the members of each | f ‘ e 7 ve 2 A ae 7 S <[2 “a1Se oO ) » these subdivisions are characterized by some peculiar feature, some will be inclined to raise oe ti - oe 4 distinctive designation, while others will be content with merely rank of genera, and to assign to them a distinctive designatio . | ‘ch surmenenean ane aeas a : . r ; oe re k American Trogons g indicating their existence. With few exceptions, I have kept the Ame ee i ee ; eta PRARICS GEE > present bird may appellations— Pharomacrus and Trogon: one of the exceptions Is Troctes, of eet fie preset | = : : ae le ; its size being nearly equal to be considered a typical example, as it certainly is the largest species know n, ifs eo el : ee ; 2 lapee 5 ; ”h ‘ Bog Mes roseiyaster, Gould, Mon. of Trogons, List of Plates, sp. 20. Le Couroucou a calecon rouge, ou Le Couroucou Damoiseau, LeVaill. Hist. Nat. des Courouc., pe 13. Lae ¢ Sis ae s with specimens of this very beautiful species We are much indebted to M. Sallé for having amply supplied us with spe me : | | ly | to ornithologists from the very bad drawing in LeVaillant’s Troe hic -eviously was only known gst : oa of Trogon, which previoush “The aativelcoumamne St Domingo, where several trivial names are “Histoire Naturelle des Couroucous. S native ae : te rele des | it is called Calecon rouge, in others Dame, or Demoiselle Anglaise ; . : - ‘ . . -ovinces 1t 1S Cé : g fay : } applied to it; in some of the provil -ié Tn Mr. Sclatene oe am ‘ ‘y: A yetae ‘ x n ivVir. SCclater S paper and also Pie de Montagnes, from its continually residing among the mountams = . st ] ae ae “Salle | Mexico, published in the twenty-fifth part of the “ Proceedings o . i ; ‘, / . x 7 ae »x1C0O ] . 5 4 E fe % birds observed by M. Sallé in Southern Mexico, he Hind aces eee ; ‘He it 1s state his authority, that the birc stricts r ; ee yy 1s by M. Sallé, it is stated, on his } a the Zoological Society,” with notes by M. cee ‘oes in small bands uttering a plaintive athe t e Pihe | es t mountains of the interior of the island, and goes in small be j g 7 I to meee P % the lolties : hem; they perch on the loftiest i ar e@ +h to fire upon them ; vy] imitating which you can entice them near enoug ; eee cry, by imitating which you can en vy male ‘thei wecte qlchenn Taam 2 - 7 ; : Bee iy tire: they mak : : iderable size, which they swallow en 3 tne} trees, and eat berries of considerable size, ; g ‘oe are white andiconnteieaenee tte side: their eggs are J r se ‘ough to the opposite side ; ss of Woodpeckers, piercing them throug are called Piragua.” ae |; inform us what, if any, are the sexual differences in the It i h to | retted that M. Salle does not infor iS much to be regrette eae . ‘ing-coverts are males or es ee ae ‘5s on the wing-coverts ¢ ; a - whether the specimens with fine transverse line g colouring of this bird, or whethei spe Ss: if s > prominent ee a he males ; and if so, the } however, that this character is peculiar to t ales 5 females ; I have little doubt, however, thé co i i -epresents a female. figure in the accompanying Plate represents a femé aa eee ; : ue at this b S Vieillot was certainly mistaken when he stated that : . ota s not 3 Ls 120 3 if it does ’ whether it occurs in any other country than St. Doge in Mexico; I question very much it affords another instance of the | i ante - peculiar species. West Indian Islands being tenanted by peculiar s] The figures are of the natural size. —s gu | | | | | 1 3 UU 2 UUNYUUN LUN} *} | il |SSSSSESSN5 0606069500 06555605 505556 050606060056 060505 05 0605 OO OC USOC USOC BDU UUUS IO 0S DS OOOO DO NOUS US DO OOOO DN Oo ob oO ob NO Gobo U CUE SouU, me eal bn ae tenets 4 when ee ee rt rr Sete) bane Pee Tete pee Dc anes fae a Co ec co Ct et ere it tees EQN Eee Ee ee se cree SS a NAVEN AS [> 4) Pat AY, to 634d a 3 PRIONOTELUS TEM Cuban Trogon. 6 NURUS, 3G348 ee ere eae eee 3636 SPECIFIC CHARACTER. G36 Mas. Dorso alisque viridibus, har — ee ee eee eee um secundariis ad apicem albo lat? Sa unifasciatis, remigibus nigris albo fasciatis ; rectricibus intermediis vogonns expansis) late emar- £2 = sex viridibus, ad apicem (pog , in medio Sascia albé alter ‘aque 6a ginatis, reliquis ad basin viridibus albis. y j = vidi notatis, ad apicem late 6 43 The whole of the head and ear-cove 3 ie 34 rts deep clossy st glossy steel-blue : upper tail-coverts shining bronzy green; throat and bre east light grey; lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts scarlet : greater wing-coverts and secondaries black, externally with green and crossed near the tip with a broad b spurious wing black barred with white ; barred on the basal half of the external web with white ; back, lesser w ing-coverts, and margined bar of white forming two con- spicuous bands ; q primaries black, the outer one me the remainder with a line of white the remaining part of the web being barred with white nearly to the tip; two middle tail-feathe on the basal portion of the outer web, rs bronzy green passing into deep steel-blue at the tip; the two next on each side deep steel-blue w » AN eo ashed with green on their outer margins ; the three lateral feathers on each side steel- blue at the base, largely white, the white extending tipped with nearly to the base on the outer web of the external feather ; the next two barred with shite on tl b¢ 36 vi he dark portion of the outer web; the white tips of the three lateral feathers on each side are, moreover, very finely sprinkled witl AD, 1 brown on the or margin of the outer web and on the basal portion of the inner web ; bill blood-red, with a Le broad mark of black on the culmen; feet brown. a A | \ ZA YohoVotoyo Total length 10; inches, bill 1, wing 6, tail 6%. Trogon temnurus, Vem. Pl. Col., 326.—Vig. Zool. Journ., 1827, p. 443.—Less. Traité d’Orn., { p. 120.—Gould, Mon. of Trog., pl. 19.—D’Orb. in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. Phys. Pol. et Nat. de litle de eee p. 165, Atlas, tab. xxvi. Temnurus albicollis, Swains. Class. of Birds, vol. ii. p. 837.—Gould, Mon. of Trog., syn. spec. Temnurus, sp. 1. Trogon (Temnurus) albicollis, Gould, Mon. of Trog., List of Plates, sp. 19. Prionotelus, Reichenb. Ay. Syst. Nat., pl. lxxxviii. | — Priotelus temnurus, Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, p. 10.—Id. Gen. of Birds, vol. 1. p. 70.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., tom. 1. p. 150.—Cab. Journ. fur Orn., 1856, p. 106. “Temnurus silens, Herz. Wirtemb.,” Hartl. in Naumannia, 1852, part u. p. 51. sine. Mus. Hein., Theil iv. p. 164. Prionotelus temnurus, Cab. et Fleine, Mus. Hein., I c rk W spe es 3: 1 cing ec aS a 10n as to be eat killed the Peathers Its native country is C ve ice it ane to be so comn peace oeoesscy Rae Bn nee seoceocegosesocic DOCGDOODO OO a a Q oO Q © a lia 119 o Q a °° 7 CAe Pr . esocesey wr oc ~~, Yoke) oon aoa fos Feko} oho} ok 2 ego = esaeaogeecsD o oo90D ocoooose ‘ io ¢ eaoscoc | | and used as an article of food; how few, however, of the collections of Europe possess examples, and how rarely is it seen among the skins of birds which are tardily sent from its native country! In the first edition of this Monograph I observed, “‘ Upon looking at the markings of the wing, we cannot fail to be struck with their resemblance to those on the same part of several of the Woodpeckers ; the peculiar termination of the tail also, together with its more attenuated bill, are features equally conspicuous, yet these must be considered as relations of analogy and not of affinity.” Still, if my memory serves me cor- rectly, I have been informed that the bird sometimes clings to the boles of trees in the manner represented by ae of the reduced figures in the accompanying Plate; as, however, I cannot give my authority for this remark, it must be received with a degree of doubt ; at the same time the structure of its tail-feathers would almost induce the belief that it, at least occasionally, indulges in such a habit. I give below all the infor- mation that has been published respecting this species, and only regret that neither Duke Paul Wilhelm von Wirttemberg, nor Senor Ramon de la Sagra states if there be or be not any difference in the colouring of the sexes, a point I have not been able to determine from the examination of specimens; neither do they give any information respecting the nidification &c. In the zweiten Bandes zweites Heft of the ‘ Naumannia’ for 1852, p. ol, Dr. G. Hartlaub says, ‘‘ In the year 1824, the Duke Paul Wilhelm von Wirttemberg brought the first specimen of Trogon temnurus of Temminck to Europe. The Duke says, ‘I then proposed for it the name of Zemnurus silens, but was dissuaded from splitting the genus Trogon. It is a stupid bird, is called Serpentaro by the Creoles, allows people to get nearer to it than the drriero (Saurothera Merlin‘), sits for days lazily on the branches of low trees, and utters a melancholy sound.’” M. Ramon de la Sagra, in his ‘ Histoire Physique, Politique et Naturelle de l’ile de Cuba,’ informs us that “this Trogon, one of the most brilliant members of its family, has only yet been met with in the island of Cuba, of which it is not the least beautiful ornament. It is very common in the woods, its favourite place of abode; and there in the evening, but especially in the morning, its plaintive song may be heard repeated at lengthened intervals. The first portion of the note is higher and louder than the remainder, and is most readily imitated with a horn. It is this habit of uttering its song at the commencement and the close of day that has induced the Guaranis of Paraguay to say, in reference to another species, that it cries in the morning for the sun to rise, and in the evening because it is setting. Dwelling solitarily in the large woods, it perches principally on the lower branches of the trees, and there remains immoveable for hours together, apparently asleep, or at least indifferent to what is going on around it; it is therefore easily shot, and many are killed for the table, its flesh being well flavoured. It lives solely on small seeds, a kind of food appa- rently incompatible with the form of the bill, which would seem to be better adapted for an insectivorous than a granivorous diet. Its native name, in Cuba, is Zocororo.” The front figure represents the bird of the size of life ; the fine palm to the fruit of which it is clinging is the Astrocaryum rostratum. Lee heed = — ie — oy = = x aa ae ef —_ = ea ea e — : —— ps see : Bow 4 a SS oe ey ee ees = Ao USB Ss Ss Ss = aS 2 (Ge. ES) o ; iB OS) ee as ed — Walta: hp J Gould & i Hart del et hth IMT tn 4 nq 3) HuiyUUNNnIT DW ot nae z ~ es —— ———neesens ee Te a i = ——— nn a 2 = : Zz = t f ] a micas } ag oie poosoopsasocosoCSDOOSOCEEOOOSODoUOL SOC VCCGOOUSCCOCoOGOU : oS 2839S OSOS oS SS o SOSCCUSUSCCUC VE CUPE Pel eUVEL Yess ovosune ousotoco Sooo eet ee eC rg a HAPALODERMA NARINA. Narina Trogon. e SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Trogq. splendenti-viridis, ventre sanguineo ; alis brunneis, secundariis et tectricibus alarum majoribus cinereo-albido pulverulentis, harum pogonis eaternis metallice viridi tinctis ; rectricibus duabus intermediis saturate purpurascenti-viridibus, duabus proximis utrinque ohwvascenti-viridibus, reliqus saturate viridibus ad apices laté albis. Rostrum flavum ceeruleo tinctum ; pedes pallide brunnescenti-flavi. Foem. Mari similis, sed orbitis, gutture pectoreque rufo-brunneis, héc dilutiore roseoque partm tencto, ventre et subcaudalibus saturate roseis distinguenda. Male.—Bill yellow, with a tinge of blue; whole of the head, throat, chest, shoulders, back, and upper tail-coverts resplendent green; breast and under surface bright blood-red ; the wings brown, the greater coverts and secondaries powdered with greyish white, the outer edge of each feather having a tinge of metallic green; two centre feathers of the tail dark purplish green, the two next on each side olive-green, the three outer on each side dark green at their base, largely tipped with white ; feet light brownish yellow. Female.—The upper surface and tail closely resemble those of the male; round the eye and throat rufous brown, becoming paler on the chest, which is slightly tinted with rosy pink; lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts deep rose-red. Total length 11; inches; bill 1;; wing 5;; tail 63; tarsi j. Le Couroucou narina. Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. v. p. 73, pls. 228, 229. Trogon narina. Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. viii. p. 318.—Gould, Monogr. Trogon. Ist ed. pl. 26.-—Finsch & Hartl. Vog. Ost-Afr. p. 155.—Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vu. p. 219. Apaloderma narina. Swains. Classif. B. 1. p. 337.—Bp. Consp. i. p. 150.—Layard, B. S. Aste, Jo. (lls Hapaloderma narina. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 165.—Heugl. Om. N.O.- se LO. Ip is a remarkable fact that while the Neotropical and Indian regions abound with species of Trogons, Africa shows but one well-marked type; for although the two species inhabiting the latter continent are easily distinguishable the one from the other, they both belong to one form, which has been considered to belong tar ral Narina Trogon is 1 thern and North-eastern to a distinct genus, Hapaloderma of Swainson. The Narina Trogon 1s found in Sou 2 = Africa, havine been discovered in the former part of the continent by the well-known traveller Levaillant. ’ D5 . . i 7 ing ac if die is -ouzhout forests and wooded kloofs in all Mr. Layard gives the followmg account Ol 1G: It is found throug a d : About the Knysna it is scarce, but, wherever found, exhibits the same the eastern portions of the colony. . | y, it sits motionless on its branch until alarmed at shy creeping habits. When apprehensive of discover ue a some act of the fowler, when it precipitates itself headlong into the bush, and is instantly lost to view. It s. and utters a loud moaning note or, perhaps, more correctly speaking, a hoot. ~~ . . . s, and lay four, nearly round, white eggs ; but this requires = ‘ . . seen their nests, though I made particular inquiries feeds on fruit and insect Levaillant states that they nest in holes of tree confirmation. I have never met with any one who had 99 about them at the Knysna. a oe It is found in Natal, and is also met with in the Zambesi district, though here, says Dr. Kirk, “It is a c ’ $ : e . mc I know of only four specimens having been seen—one in the Zambesi delta, the decidedly scarce bird. é It seems to frequent trees. | Chibi the Shiré Bianconi has recorded it from Southern others at Chibisa, on the onire. mV f y 66Sg 4 ma B436 868636. 6 ¥ ne oe oral eee Lee te ee aE PeD) ot a Pe mT Tm \ x pl, ¥ 7 6. } 42 & .) r a * nas — eS < Lea? £3 2) oo 1 bd ee SS . ooace ~ Se ~ gesoscognansosarscachonesaooougesaa0oS ne : PAOSHAOSOSOSOSO | = ’ rma MBSOODABS: BOanoassanannananns: On o = gooG q ~~ = esooco oS = nasooao os a ot HAOaGaoCooHo Mozambique ; and on the west coast it has been obtained by Mr. Monteiro in Benguela and by Mr. Hamilton in the interior of Angola. During the late Abyssinian expedition Mr. Jesse obtained an example at Taconda, which he kindly submitted to me; and I found that, though it agreed in the main with South-African specimens, it had rather a longer tail, but was not otherwise specifically separable. Dr. von Heuglin, in his work on the ornithology of North-eastern Africa, says that it frequents only the hot wooded districts on the inclines of the Abyssinian highlands, such as, for instance, the slopes of the valleys round Arlet, Moreb, the districts of Wohni and Sarago (W. Abyssinia) and Fazogl. He adds :—‘‘I can say but little respecting the habits of this shy forest-frequenting bird from personal experience. It does not wander, as Ruppell saw it in September and October, Brehm in March, and I in the early summer. In its habits it resembles in many respects the larger Campephage—sits upright, the head drawn in and with drooping tail, in the densest foliage of high trees, and watches for insects and caterpillars, which it catches with noiseless flight. Verreaux says that its food consists of Lepidoptera, various species of JZantis, and flies, but seldom beetles. Its note is a loud mournful cry. It is an excellent ventriloquist, and often seems to be far distant when quite near. In South Africa it breeds in October; and the female is said to lay two or, rarely, three roundish, white, transparent eggs, and the young are said to be fledged in three weeks.” The figures represent a male and female, of the size of life. RY ch Lert deb et : sy d & a — — pen = Ss Hatt = ——————————— <7 7 7 3 Io SOGUS CUVEE CUCU OC EU UETUCUUGUECUTC Soooccss BSREECSSS SECC OV OO CSCC OCT O COCO CU CO CU UU OU CUO COU CUCU UCU VU UUUUSCUGU UL COUNUOUNOS COC UUGUS Z ert OF 8S RS 3 Oe Le FA _*— = —<— — - a = - > —— . . PEE TER es@e@ ea,coy7oa e7o4e ehefo} SSOoSIssgas. cNGAS al 4 ° Y.§ B4SES 06. a6 Pye Sy a Pe ETT eT ad ERE REDERS 30 © wet HAPALODERMA CONSTANTIA, Sharpe & Ussher. ous NF West-African Trogon. 6382 Be ¥. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. ] NY fe* 7S ao eS ES A aS A ee . . . . Mas. Stmilis H. narinee, sed rectrice extimd pure alba et tectricibus alarum canis tenuissim? nigro vermiculatis distinguendus. Male.—General colour of the upper surface shining green, as well as the entire throat and fore neck, the green of these parts always having a kind of olive-golden lustre, changing to bright grass-green on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; the four centre tail-feathers deep blue, with a narrow border of green; the two next bluish, shading off into brown; the terminal half pure white, increasing in extent on the penultimate feathers, the outermost being pure white excepting at the extreme base; all the wing-coverts (excepting the least ones, which are green like the back) and secondaries greyish white, extremely finely pencilled with black lines; primary coverts greyish black; primaries blackish, the outermost edged with white; under surface of body rich crimson; under wing-coyerts greyish black, like the inner lining of the wing; bill light green ; iris dark. Total length 10; inches; wing 5;; tail 6). Hapaloderma narina. Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1857, p. 38. Trogon narina. Vartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 263. Hapaloderma constantia. Sharpe & Ussher, Ibis, 1872, p. 181. Tus beautiful species has long been known to ornithologists, but has been confounded with the Narina Trogon of South Africa, from which it is certainly specifically distinct. _ is known at present only from the forest-regions of the Gold Coast and Gaboon, having been procured an the latter country ay Du Chaillu. Riis sent specimens from Aguapim ; and the typical examples were killed in the Denkera district of the Gold Coast by Mr. St. Thomas D. Aubinn, a native hunter in the employ of Governor Ussher, after whose daughter Constance the species is named. ; The principal figure in the Plate is of the size of life, and has been drawn from one of the typical o specimens kindly given to me by Mr. Bowdler Sharpe. A J - J roo = ) a) Sons es RAaAn aS M4 =F OR > LAO ASP R SAT <7 AAAHOnABA DOr AREAAAAAAAHL = RA £ ‘ c ‘ ~~. nn Oe Pe Be So ABA OAAAA AR AAA AAAS = — ~ r a= COAT Pe = oF. Ps eA ail RRS Pe arr ee tale = = Gould & HC Richter del ev bith eam mil oc) | Se Bs T Halter Ppp Troq. | ml it ha Fem. bit Rostrui Male. ee Tos an Pemale.- the bla pal Total le Trogo: T arpe Pyroty Op this be careful co) At one tin indistingn abundant . Miller. ali it in Labu; Thave » Correct ide Mentioned Outer tail-f The two plant is: th A et SOT GAGA 1 4 dGa 34 a. 6. 6 a BG r a Oe a at ee ee HARPACTES DIARDI. y LY 63456 Diard’s Trogon. >, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. ee ee eee fee! Trog. capite sanguineo ; fascia nuchali rosaced ; minute fasciatis, remigibus nigris ; mtermediis duabus dorso arenaceo-brunneo ; alis albo nigroque gutture pectoreque nigris ; ventre miniaceo ; rectricibus Bees brunneis nigro apiculatis, duabus proximis utrinque nigris, reliquis ad basin nigris apicem versus nigro alboque marmoratis. Fom. fascid nuchali nulla ; capite fusco-brunneo ; brunneo ; ventre quam im mare pallidiore. Rostrum nigrescens ; orbite nude coccinese ; a alis brunneo nigroque fasciatis ; pectore pedes flavescenti-brunnei. NON, Male.—Crown of the head deep blood-red; throat and chest black ; a nuchal band of rose-pink separates the rich colouring of the head from the back, which, with the upper tail-coverts, is dark sandy brown; wings minutely barred with black and white; quills black; breast and under surface of body carmine; thighs black ; two middle tail-feathers rich brown, tipped with black, the two next on each side black, the rest black at their base, and marbled for the remainder of their length with black and white; bill blackish; bare space round the eye purplish red ; feet yellowish brown. Female.—Destitute of the nuchal band and having the top of the head dusky brown ; the back and tail as in the male, the outer feathers being less thickly dotted with black ; chest brown ; wings barred with brown and black; quills black; abdomen pale carmine. rN Total length 12; inches; bill 1{; wing 5:; tail 65; tarsi 3. Trogon diardu. Temm. PI. Col. 54.—Gould, Monogr. Trogon. Ist ed. pl. 30. Harpactes diardi. Swains. Classif. B. u. p. 337.—Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 71.—Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 80.—Bp. Consp. i. p. 151.—Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. u. p. 716.—Gould, B. Asia, part xvu. Pyrotrogon diardi. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 156.—Salvad. Cat. Uce. Born. p- 28. Or this beautiful Trogon I have seen a large number of specimens in the course of my life, and after a very careful comparison I have not been able to separate examples from Malacca from others of Bornean origin. At one time I was inclined to believe in two species; but I have now seen so many specimens from Borneo indistinguishable from Malaccan birds, that I have abandoned this idea. fn Borneo fae bird seems to be abundant and has been obtained in several localities, viz. at Pontianak by Diard, at Bejadjoe by Solomon Miiller, and at Sarawak by Doria and Beccari as well as by Mr. Hugh Low, who has more recently procured it in Labuan. In Malaccan collections it often occurs. . I have already given, in my ‘ Birds of Asia,’ all the details as yet published concerning the species, a correct idea of which can be gathered from the accompanying Blate, which has already Te a he It may be distinguished from the other Asiatic Trogons by the freckled EEGs of the to some of the American members of the family. where they are depicted of the natural size. The mentioned work. outer tail-feathers, in which respect it assimilates The two sexes are figured in the accompanying Plate, plant is the Hoya corzacea. ra (| yi pi Pic) ~_ i} carat nt nae \ WAIL Wag wa wa a2e0 Wwe 16 RCAC AO FO RS ™ aa . 4 = —_— ~ —- * - =—_ om ae —_ | pemecoee | — = ~ — ot S i] = Cw . = & —— i ~ ae th oe as 2 = J = EY | | an | a lal aS py CO = i a = = St ia = bY = | fo ZF sgieeyet ts YON RITES ennai AO aay =. HHHI|UII | | ana ame ee se es ———— —————————EE =~ Setacenecasaeaemeaeee = —— Aa 5 = i 1 : : % 3 q 1 7 3 33 , # 4H '9 : | 4 4 i A Z Tue countries inhabited by this species are Malacca, Sumatra, and HARPACTES KASU MBA. Kasumba Trogon. Cy Y SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Mas. Vertice, gutture nectoreque niqris. Jée noetin> ty iain ‘ » gut pectoreque nigris, hée postice torque albo ; abdomine et strigd inde ductd nuchamque cingente coccineis. Foem. Magis obscura: capi C6 ri Gee a Y ; capite guttureque saturate grisesc enti-brunneis ; pectore arenaceo-brunneo. Male.—Head, throat, and chest jet-black ; breast, abdomen. and under tail-coverts deep rose-red, é : Beet es PTA se 4] ee |. . : : separated from the black of the chest by a crescentic band of white ; from below the eve round the back of the neck a narrow band of red; back and upper tail-coverts yellowish brown; w ings black, the coverts and tertiaries transversely rayed with fine irregular lines of white, and the shafts of the primaries white at the base ; two middle tail-feathers chestnut- brown, tipped with black ; the two rest on each side wholly black, the remainder black at the base, and white for the rest of their length, with dark shafts ; orbits light violet-blue, becoming of a more fleshy hue near the eyes; bill blue; gape light violet-blue ; irides dark brown ; feet brown. Total length about 12 inches, bill 1, wing 63, tail 64. Female.-—Head and throat greyish brown; white band on the breast much less conspicuous, under surface sandy brown; markings of the wings bolder, and of a sandy hue, instead of pure white. Trogon kasumba, Raffi. Linn. Trans. vol. xii. p. 282. fascratus, Temm. P].Col. 321.—Id. Mon. of Trog. in Pl. Col.—Less. Traité d’Orn. p. 121. Id. Mon. of Trog. pl. 29. i oe . : ee te oo eee emmincku, Gould, in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part m1. 1835, p. 29. nN flagrans, Kuhl, Tydsch. Nat. Gesch. 1835, p. 336. Harpactes kasumba, Blyth, Cat. of Bir _ a a M2 bt — Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta, p. 80.—Gould, Birds of Asia, part vill. pl. 6.—Ilorsf. and Moore, Cat. of Birds in Mus. Kast Ind. Comp., vol. i. ». 460, and 1863, p. 213. p- 715.—Selat. in Proce. Zool. Soc., part xxvii. 1859, ne (Cpe a] i a a aD = he } ‘ és (ates ~— A Birds, vol. ii. p. 3837.—Gould, Mon. of Trog., syn. Temminckii, Swains. Class. o I : spec. Harpactes, sp. 1.— Gray, List of Birds in Brit. Mus., part 11. sec. 1. /ssirostres, p. 44. —Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 71, Harpactes, sp. 4, and vol. ui. App. p. 4, app. to p. 71.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., tom. i. p. 151, Harpactes, sp. 4. Trogon (Harpactes) Temminckii, Gould, Mon. of Trog., List of Plates, sp. 29. | “Trogon Condea, Cuv.,” Blyth, Cat. of Birds in Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta, p. 50. Pyrotrogon kasumba, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein., Theil. iv. p. 158. Kasumba of the Sumatrans. Borneo, from all of which I have Specimens in my own collection. = as enoaged in explosile jews s of the In a‘letter received from Mr. Wallace in 1856, when he was engaged in exploring the Islands < ‘ : ang ° ~ ON ViVi oa) nd VANG ’ ao isVoro Rae adh on Wa \ Vii Vi 4 NG e,o7o oe ta 4 " i iM J ki : . y u . r 3 J : A % = ' a li Ae lm” Ale An Ai le nt tae = PS a ee LT An ll line, li ns — tn, so ee ee Indian archipelago, that gentleman, writing from Singapore, says, ‘‘ You will think I have forgotten to write to you about the Trogons; but I have not neglected the subject. I remained two months on this island, where the jungle is now only to be found in small patches, but did not meet with any, and I doubt if there be a Trogon in the island. At Malacca, however, whence I have just returned, I met with them. [ think there are four species; but as I only obtained males of three, I cannot be certain. Two are of an ordinary size, and two are smaller. One of the larger I take to be Harpactes Kasumba: I send you a coloured sketch of the soft parts that you may make a correct drawing for your work. The habits and economy of the Indian Trogons assimilate closely to those of the American.” As nothing can exceed the beauty of this noble bird, the appearance the males must present in their native forests cannot fail to be attractive in the extreme, especially when the rich scarlet colouring of their breasts is contrasted with the equally brilliant green of the luxuriant vegetation of Malacca. The sexes present a marked difference in the colouring of their plumage, as will be seen on reference to the opposite Plate, where they are accurately depicted, of the size of life. In Mr. Sclater’s notes to the ‘* Observations on the Birds of South-eastern Borneo, by the late James Mottley, Esq.,” published in the volume of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1863, it is mentioned that specimens were obtained at Bangkank, on the Riam Kiwa, and that the species is one of the principal birds of omen of the Dyaks. c | £ iii 4 i q Hii i NS Wn 4 | | i ; i ‘ | « il) ¢ fii 4 | « i i 1 Th04. capil \ il} et oe mars (i eibus { ‘ | prope i Poem. Ca scapu Rostrum mM Te Male—He separa undel PP Se Se et SS ( ( ‘ > Trogon ———— ( Harpacte |: Purotrog a > y ‘ Kufini C r Kurna. ( ) Kak rn ?, ? \. > Ranteayy sn Ss - = Te Malabar kaumba, and neck: fl, f SU) } Ut] JGould & HC Richter, dd a lith OD i A ET Soka ar | Lo 1) oot ros HARPACTES FASCIATUS. Fasciated Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Troy. capite, re pectoreque Juliginoso-nigris, hoc a se acondalibus sordidé arenaceo-brunneis ; scapularibus et tectricibus alarum majoribus gia albo (EDO fasciatis ; remigibus nigris, pogonus externis albo fimbriatis ; -eethe cibus duabus intermediis subcastaneis nigro apiculatis, proaimis Tories ‘ie nigris prope rhachin brunneis, requis ad basin nigris, ad apicem albis. * Foem. Capite, dorso, gutture pectoreque sordide brunneis ; scapularibus nigro brunneoque fasciatis. torque lato albo; ventre coccineo; dorso ventre luteo; pectore haud torquato ; Rostrum mgrum, mandibularum basi et regione ‘aphiliaiinec® aie ieee Male.—Head, neck, and breast sooty black, bounded below by a narrow crescent of white separatiug the sooty black of the breast from the rich carmine-red of the rest of the under surface ; upper wing-coverts orange-brown, becoming paler and brighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wings black, the coverts and secondaries crossed with numerous fine irregular bars of white, and the primaries narrowly edged with the same hue externally ; the two centre tail-feathers chestnut, narrowly tipped with black, the next on each side chestnut at the base and black at the tip, the chestnut advancing in a bifurcated form towards the tip of the outer web; the next on each side entirely black, the three lateral feathers on each side black at the base, largely tipped with white, the white advancing on the margin of the outer web nearly to the base, and the black along the shaft to the tip; irides deep brown; bill and orbits fine deep cobalt-blue ; legs light blue. Female.—Difters from the male in having the head and neck brown, with a yellowish tinge on the chest; the under surface rich ochraceous, and the bars on wings ochraceous brown instead of white. Total length about 12 inches ; wing 5. Trogon fasciatus. Gm. 8. N. i. p. 405: Penn. Ind. Zool. p. 35, pl. iv. fe | alabaricus. Gould, P.Z.S. 1834, p. 26:—Id> Monee iiozom pl. 31.—Gray, Gen b. 1. p. 71. 2 | Harpactes malabaricus. Sw. Classif. B. ii. p. 337.—Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit. ee p. 44. —_— fasciatus. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus: AUS] Be op: 80.—Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. Deel, Co: mr. p. 714.—Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. vi.—Jerdon, B. Ind) pee Holdsw. P. Z. 8. 1872, p. 422. Pyrotrogon fasciatus. Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. i. p. 156. Kufni Churi, of some Hindoos. Kurna, of the Mahrattas. Kakerni Hukhi, of the Canarese. Rantvuam Kondea, of the Cingalese (Kelaart). where it represents the Malayan Harpactes hern India and Ceylon, : aller size and sooty-black head d species in its sm which is conspicuous in the hen of Tue Malabar Trogon is found in Sout kasumba. The male differs from that of the last-name pe wants the breastabaue Weitcce. while the female of H. fasciatus wants the breas ; H. kasumba. 636) Q <= Wa PABA DE DARES twohoteo 7 My Bs ‘ao SS RF, WS, A ae, Cy €) opoyo eal Rel ae el ee Ped SNANENANG 6 ° baie ebec¥Yoks ate a wee a} (NG ee PDI I = cee ct cl i atin et Al, tn lis a A I EL I OD i a The late Dr. Jerdon has given the following account of the species in his ‘Birds of India :—* The Malabar Trogon is found in the forests of Malabar from the extreme south to about 17° N. lat., reaching up the Ghats and hill-ranges to at least 3000 feet. It is also found in some of the forests of Central India and in Ceylon. “Tt prefers the more elevated situations, at about 2000 feet or so, and keeps generally to the thickest parts of the woods. It is often to be seen seated motionless on a branch of a tree, occasionally flying off to capture an insect on the wing, sometimes returning to the same perch, but oftener taking up a fresh position, and in this way wandering about a good deal. It is unusually solitary, sometimes in pairs ; and I have seen four or five together. Its food consists of various insects, chiefly coleopterous. Layard says that it is found in small parties of three or four, and feeds on Spiders, Mantide, and Coleoptera. I am not aware of having heard its note, and certainly have generally found it a silent bird. Tickell, however, says that it has a wild querulous note like the mewing of a cat. Its Hindustani name is given from its sitting with the head sunk in the shoulders, as if it had no neck, or as if dressed up in a faquir’s kun.” “In Ceylon,” writes Mr. Holdsworth, “it is only found among wild tree-jungles in the southern half of the island. I have seen it about twelve miles from Colombo, in a wild uncultivated district in the low country, and also at Nuwara Eliya, in February; but it is not very commonly met with, and is perhaps somewhat local in its distribution. In its manners it resembles the Flycatchers, and has generally a peculiar fluttering mode of flight.” The sexes are represented in the Plate of the natural size. t _ CS cs 4 A oo a | a | _— Smet | ee — — ota Cc . x — S > — ont —41 SH ae — s ~ = > oS © > ma = . a — eS e — =~ —_ 2 =| cS ce o a . i +~_ — lamel —_— — y - ml —_ si a oO Mas f Male.— Female.- Troqgoi Harpa Pyrotr Harpa Its bill and Tur Rosy. entirely ou appellation Walter 4 Cohn Lp ; LZ G » vw » & S S & ~ a . = 8 —— ‘ x == i cee =A — —_* =f — em ‘ —— — seme ae = ets er le ane ——— = ee = - = oe —— 2 —— a SO : = = = ——S== SSS es = SS SSS SS a SSS SS = = — SO See eS == 3 ; Sew a eS <= ; = a ee SSS eee EE === FS ee wwsnceco HARPACTES ARDENS. Rosy-breasted Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. s. Verti i mw O “ e Ma ce, nuchii plumisque auricularibus intense sanguineo-rubri i cn i 8; pectore rosaceo. oem. ‘ertice genisque 2 € fuscis > 4 , »doma ide ; g que intense fuscis ; pectore et abdomine palhidé ochraceo-fuscis. Male.—Head, back of the neck, and ear-coverts dark blood-red, approaching to black on the forehead and ear-coverts; throat black; back and upper tail-coverts cinnamon ; wine- rarte Q EN eS ae Sy Wee o : : ° ° : coverts and secondaries black, crossed with fine regular lines of white ; primaries black, margined externally with white; two centre tail-feathers reddish chestnut, tipped with black ; the two next on each side wholly black ; the three outer ones blackish brown at base, largely tipped with white; the shafts and a series of tooth-like markings on the inner webs blackish brown ; chest delicate rose-colour, the remainder of the undersurface scarlet; “bill bright yellow, the base green ; ophthalmic region ultramarine blue; inside of the mouth yellow ; feet olive-green; the palms and claws yellow; irides brown.” Total length 12 inches, bill 14, wing 54, tail 8. Female.—Crown of the head, cheeks, and upper surface dark cinnamon-brown ; throat clouded with blackish brown ; breast and all the undersurface light sandy-brown, becoming of a yellower hue on the under tail-coverts; wing-coverts and secondaries blackish brown, crossed with lines of sandy brown; tail as in the male. Trogon ardens, Temm. P|. Col. 404.—Id. Mon. of Trog. in PL. Col.—Gould, Mon. of Trog.. pl. 35. —— (Harpactes) ardens, Gould, Mon. of Trog., List of Plates, no. 35. Harpactes ardens, Gould, Mon. of Trog., Syn. Spee., gen. Harpactes, sp. 7.—Gray, List. of Spec. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus., part ii. sec. 1. Fissirostres, p. 44.—Gray and Mitch. Gen of Birds, vol. i. p. 70, Harpactes, sp. 7.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., tom. i. p. 151, Har- pactes, sp. 7.—Cassin, Unit. States Expl. Exp. Mamm. and Orn., 1858, p. 229.—Gould, Birds of Asia, part xiv. pl. 7. 7 | Pyrotrogon ardens, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 14, gen. 5, ¢. 38.—Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein., Theil iv. p. 159. ; | = Harpactes rodiosternus, Peale, Zool. Unit. States Expl. Exp., Birds, Ist edit. vol. vii. 1848, p. 166.—Hartl. Wieg. Archiv. tom. vii. pt. 1. p. 112 ] HE Ros - o WV it ) i na ‘king's of which the brilliant colour ng o y iG Tr is < . Ww so many beau iful mal 5> f br asted Ty ogon 1S adot ned 1 | ) 5 ; st ¢ j s it almost, if not its bill and the extremely delicate rosy hue of its breast are the most conspicuous, - ; : . “a ae | : . scri 7 »mminck, with the specific tirel tvi y other species of its genus. It was first described by M. Temminck, | entirely, outvies every spe g os artr e ees . this llati f ard fi female in the collection of the Baron Laugier de Chartrouse, of Paris ; appellation of ardens, from a @ NERES os x NESENEDEDESESERABED ae 6; 6B G3 ~ 34363 3 { toh Fo 3 = vay a 62 a A ° = CY, a ° 0 P| et ae ee) = 6BAd4ESESEN Bs ay. example, which at that time was unique, had been obtained at Mindanao. Since that period specimens have been brought to England by the late Hugh Cuming, from Manilla; I myself have received several fine examples from other parts of the Philippine Islands, and more recently still I have had the opportunity of examining specimens in the Museum at Washington, which had been obtained by the United States Exploring Expedition in the Island of Mindanao—the locality whence came Baron Laugier’s specimen ; but the species is still comparatively rare in the cabinets of Europe. The researches of the American naturalists enable me to give a more correct representation of this beautiful bird than I could when the first edition of this Monograph was published, they having carefully noted the colouring of the soft parts. The information respecting it is still, however, extremely meagre, the following short note, transcribed from the ‘Mammalogy and Ornithology of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1858,’ being all that has been recorded :—* Both Dr. Pickering and Mr. Peale mention the occurrence of this fine species on the Island of Mindanao, one of the Philippines. The latter remarks, ‘Our specimen was killed on the 31st of January, near Sambuanga, in the Island of Mindanao. It sits crosswise on the small branches of trees and bushes, and is very active in taking insects on the wing. The clear sunlight, at three o’clock in the afternoon, did not appear to incommode it or others observed at the same time.’ ” The Plate represents two sexes, of the size of life. The plant is the Hoya cinnamomifolia. YOUU OU Se et a Th eh CL { a ae 2 ~ Lata Zee es >= _ af HHH] Ld TUTTI 2| ‘3 ; | Feel scar alter Tv Trogon Harpae Mé Trogon C Harpacte Trogon J Trogon fi ) Ramauba By tH} “Histoire Na OSt Ornit Stee with an \. lemminck ] “cription js lead of the bj and the SIX mi Ola heh cin “nam, M-=b ry VV Co wUting cout, i et Me ey SO GREG as ve o S436 nemeee ose ie wp HARPACTES DUVAUCELIL Duvaucel’s Troe 6 NEREREDEDEDEDADSD 3 Temm. On. PY) dl hele etl SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Oe Mas.—Capite et guld nigris ; dorso fusco : 4 eee ’ OPE tare uropygqro nitide coccineo. Pee nr Male.—Head and throat jet-black ; breast, under surface ’ rump and upper tail- overts of e nest scarlet ; back red lis] a “aka ene finest s U5 dish cinnan -bDTOWN ; wines : amon brow nN; Ww mgs black, tl e e; Ce | 6 1e coverts and secondaries 63 | primaries margined rebs. wit i 5 Uw r webs with white; two centre tail-feathers dark cinn two next on each side blackish brown ; at the base of their external amon-brown, tipped with black ; the the three outer ones on each side bl the base, and largely tipped with white ; bill, o NGS ackish brown at 36 | “ | ape, and a naked Space over the eye ultra- marine blue ; irides reddish brown ; feet blue. . Total length, 93 inches ; bill, 1; wing, 4; tail, 5+. Female.—Head dark brown; back dark cj os : é kK wn ; back dark cinnamon brown, becoming lighter and washed with scarlet on the lower part of the back and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts and secondaries alternately barred with ochreous and black ; primaries dull black, margined externally with greyish white ; under surface orange-brown, becoming lighter and washed with scarlet on NAMNNENACID 36 the lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts ; two centre tail-feathers light cinna- mon-brown throughout their entire length, the remainder as in the male. Nay — Trogon Duvaucelii, Temm. Pl. Col. 291.—Gould, Mon. of Trogons, pl. 32. + Harpactes rutilus, Gray, List of Spec. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus., p. 44.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 71, Harpactes, sp. 5.—Blyth, Cat. of Birds in Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta, p. 80.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 150, Harpactes, sp. 1.—Horsf. and Moore, Cat. of Birds in Mus. East Ind. Comp., vol. i. p. 712. Trogon rutilus, Vieill. 2nde édit. du Nouy. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., tom. vii. p. 313.—Ib. Ency. Méth. Orn., part ii. p. 1858.—LeVaill. Hist. Nat. des Courouc., pl. 14. Trogon cinnamomeus, Temm. Mon. of Trog. in Pl. Col. ANG A eo,oTop,o f ek OOo 6 Harpactes Duvaucelii, Swains. Class. of Birds, vol. i. p. 337. Trogon (Harpactes) Duvauceli, Gould, Mon. of Trogons, List of Plates, sp. 32. Trogon fasciatus, var. 8, Lath. Gen. Hist. of Birds, vol. ii. p. 218. Ramguba of the Natives of Malacca. ae . eee ir . » LeVaillant in bis By most ornithologists the present species 1s considered identical with the bird figured by LeVz : Sis: : pT PTT ere gure does not “Histoire Naturelle des Couroucous” under the name of Z7ogon rutilus ; but as that fig | ae . - Soe = - must have been coloured after the artist’s fancy, I conside1 eree wi ; member of the family, and esate agree with any me y; » che binines: represented. Vieillot’s M. Temminck perfectly justified in giving a new specific name t : description is equally as faulty as LeVaillant’s figure, for ie ae er tail-coverts of a lively red, BP of ic bird is of a sombre green; the back, scapularies, rump and a the Baden scapularies and the six middle tail-feathers of the same hue ;—whereas she eas . ae Sane tail-feathers only of a of a light cinnamon-brown, the upper tail-coverts fine scarlet, and the tw ; faillant’s artis cs had this or some ne cinnamon-brown. LeVaillant’s artist doubtless 1 ae a real specimen, and Vieillo his description by stating that the arly allied species in view; but the s description was probably taken colouring could not have been copied from from the defective drawing. Not wishing to increase the specific names of the family, I have figured in the following Plate a species which I believe to be distinct from the bird under consideration; and as it has a uniformly coloured back, and more nearly approaches to LeVaillant’s figure, I have retained the name of rutilus for it, trusting that ornithologists will in future adopt this view of the subject. Had I given a new name, I might have been excused, and even commended for so doing. For brilliancy of colouring nothing can surpass the tints that adorn the plumage of this little Trogon, which, unlike every other species of the family that has come under my notice, has the rump and lower portion of the back of a scarlet colour, vying in every respect with the rich and fiery hue of the breast. The admiration with which these birds must be viewed even when seen in preserved collections will enable us to form some idea of their still greater beauty in a state of nature, when darting meteor-like through the dark recesses of the dense and gloomy parts of the forests; when so seen they cannot fail to call forth the admiration and increase the enthusiasm of the naturalist who has ventured to seek their haunts in those primitive districts. I believe the true habitat of the present species, which is perhaps the most highly and beautifully coloured member of the group of birds to which it belongs, is Sumatra and Borneo, while the other (vw¢ius) is from Malasia. The sexes of the 7. Duvauceli present the usual difference in the less brilliant colouring of the female, as may be clearly perceived by consulting the above description, or more readily by glancing at the accompanying Plate, where both are figured of the natural size. Mas.— Male.— CO ¢ WW TOs Female. UNOUGET ey term rut, S a SO far aACCY ym ih NHC 2 HARPACTES RUTILUS. Malacca Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. yeu? JA yee : : Mas.—Capite et gula NUYS ; dorso et uropygio rufescenti-fuscis Male.—Wead and neck black ; al 1 the upper surface rich reddish cinnamon ; w ~ mes black, the eoverts and secondaries crossed by numerous i | 7 fine, regular, wavy lines of white ; primaries margmed externally with white ; breast, all the under surface, and under tail-coverts fine rosy scarlet ; two centre tail-feathers cinnamon-brown, slightly tipped with black ; the two CO e > next black ; the three outer ones SI CIS : : _ nes on each side blackish brown, largely tipped with white ; 1 anc CANnea 1A > ‘ i oe . 7 as sill < gape deep cobalt-blue ; the culmen broadly, and the margins narrowly bordered vith black or horn- >; bare ski ve , cy iri with black or horn-colour ; bare skin above the eye pale sky-blue ; irides dark brown ; feet dusky blue. Total length, 102 inches ; bill, 1; wing, 44; tail, 52. z : j Female.—Uead and throat reddish brown ; upper surface as in the male, but darker ; breast emnamon-brown ; abdomen and under tail-coverts very light ecimmamon-brown, washed with a rosy hue; primaries and secondaries black, crossed by narrow ochreous bands ; two centre tail-feathers cinnamon-brown, the remainder as in the male. Exoveu has been said in my description of Harpactes Duvauceli respecting my reasons for applying the term rutilus as a distinctive appellation for this bird, which is a native of the Malayan peninsula, and which, so far as I am able to judge from an examination of a vast number of specimens, never has the fine scarlet mark on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; independently of this difference, the present species is a larger and more robust bird than the ZZ. Duvauceli; it moreover has a thicker bill, and the whole of the upper plumage much more dense. Specimens frequently occur in collections sent from Singapore, but whrele believe are generally made in Malacca; at this moment I have several of both sexes before me which I am sure are fully adult, and yet there is not the slightest trace of the scarlet on the rump of UNE: of them ; neither ye l seen any paren of it in the specimens contained in the collection at oe eben Museum, nor in those in the Mince of the East India Company, and in those in the possession of ihe C. Eyton, Bisq., and others. In a letter transmitted to me by A. R. Wallace, Esq., that gentleman says, “ I think there are btained males of two of them, I cannot be certain ; two Of the smallest I have only a female in a bad he skin of the gape are deep cobalt-blue ; the four species of Trogons in Malacca, but as I only o of them are of the average size, and the other two smaller. state of plumage ; I believe it is @. rutilus. The bill ane t culmen broadly, and the margins narrowly bordered with black : eye is pale sky-blue ; the irides dark brown, and the feet dusky blue. is the bird bere figured, and not the H. Duvaucel. e in the colouring of the sexes, W or horn-colour. The bare skin above the The bird referred to by Mr. Wallace Tl 1 diff is observabl hich are correctly represented on the 1e usual difference is observe accompanying Plate, of the natural size. i ee ro ttt. ete PF Se wi wren wm weet watt et hore peemmmeen = te me et NN } Vay, NEDENADADENADG 6362 Perret tiers WONG Me, ASail i 3. 3636 é * 6343 a 6 36 Na 4 “i 6 ~ ee mM A Fosoyopofo a da etn ele ee ald a deh 28 GSNNINESING 3 aor ee ee VUE r _— ee | ty ~ , . r — = “ = > a SS ~ ~ ~ © ~ ¢ = = _ . > ae dead a S S pa ~~? > — es — _ =— = er ad ~ ™ S 8 Se he i WO my 7 e =| YQ r = Co~ ~ n — SS c an J A) ~ rc oS dQ = & — = — =a mH [ 4 » Could. I ING AN mu 4 ni 3 nn 2 | 1 IHi|iI = Pads chsh naan bleach bd ee en es wo “9 | Soe & 4 NESGRENENENGE cm 4 HARPACTES ’ HO DG SON I, Gould. i 2 Hode'son’s ‘Trogon. ce at aN tet teat a ena NAYIY. Om ~ 34 SPECIFIC CHARACTER. 36 4 a. ¢ - ; 20° PE NrNnAYe nD 2 SS coeN S x Mas. Capite, collo, pectore corporeque subtiis intense sanguineis. — Foem. Capite, collo, pectore corpore ocd 63 y que superiore cinnamomeo-brunneis. > plik Male.—Head, neck, and breast deep blood-red, separated from the ric] 1 scarlet of the under sur- tic mark of white ; bacl < and upper tail-coverts cinnamon-brown, brightest wing-coverts and tertiaries striated with fine wary lines of black primaries black, margined on their outer webs with white ; M6363 1 36 ae m the rump; 1 on the Pp; and white ; two centre tail-feathers rich the next on each side black, with two thirds, from the a fine line down the shaft on the inner web, rich chestnut- brown; the next on each side blac chestnut-brown, tipped with black ; base, of the outer web, and k, with the basal half of the outer web rich chestnut- brown ; the three lateral feathers on each side black, largely tipped with white, which extends some length down the outer web; “bill deep smalt-blue, becoming black along the CNNNANINENS culmen and at the tip ; irides chestnut-brown; orbital skin deep lavender-blue; legs and bho): tai teet pale lavender Jerdon). Total length 13 inches, wing 5:, bill 2, tail 8. 4543 Female.—Head, neck, breast, and upper surface cinnamon-brown, palest on the rump and upper cs 3 tail-coverts ; under surface pale crimson, separated from the cinnamon of the throat, as in the male, by a narrow crescent of white ; undulations on the wing black and brown instead of black and white. Trogon Hodgsonii, Gould, Mon. of Trog., pl. 34. : elds pm svn. 8) g — .in Proe. Zool. Harpactes Hodgsonii, Gould, Mon. of 'Trog., Sy n. Spec. Harpactes, sp. 6.—McClell. in O6E 6 Yi a6 Soc., part vii. p. 166.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 71, Harpactes, sp. 3.— A “9 c . | . . i | : Gray, Cat. of Spec., and Draw. of Mamm. and Birds presented to Brit. Mus. by B. H. | __Blvth. Cat. of Birds in Mus. Asiat. Soe. Calcutta, p. 80.—Bonap. ~ Hodgson, Esq., p. 96. ite Consp. Gen. Ay. tom. i. p. 151, Harpactes, sp. 2 —Horsf. and Moore, Cat. of Birds in Qe Mus. East Ind. Comp., vol. i. p. 718. ; ] ;. in Ibis ¥ 407.—Blyth, Hodgsoni, Jerd. Birds of India, vol. 1. p. 202.—Beav. in Ibis, 1865, p. 407.—Blyth in Ibis, 1866, p. 342. | e ‘oo, Li ates, sp. 34. Trogon (Harpactes) Hodgsonu, Gould, Mon. of Trog., List of Plates, s} oe pe ., part i. sect. 1. Fissirostres, Harpactes erythrocephalus, Gray, List of Spec. of Birds in But. Mus Ee A ° . a gy ~ c ta, app. D. 322. p. 45.—Blyth, Cat. of Birds in Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta, app. ] 5 = Heine, Mus. ‘onsp. V ro" _ 14. gen. 5e. 39.—Cab. et ; Pyrotrogon Hodgsoni, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zy god., p g Hein., Theil iv. p. 160. | a “ Trogon dilectus, F. B. Hamilton’s MSS., vol. 1. p. 6»; Mus. East Ind. Comp., vol. i. p. 713. > Horsf. and Moore, Cat. of Birds in wD ie 7 - Pe . 4 Ail 2% f : Aan ¢ V ofe hoe tee . e Gy ih Suda sohaghin, Bengalese (male), Dr. Hamilton. Hummesha Peeara («always thirsty ”’), Hindoos (male), Hamilton. Cucheuchea, Bengalese (female), Hamilton. Sakvor pho, Lepchas, Jerdon. “Tris handsome Trogon,” says Mr. Jerdon, ‘is found in the Himalayas, from Nepaul eastward, in Assam, Sylhet, Arrakan, and Tenasserim. It prefers hilly places at from 2000 to 4500 feet. At Darjeeling I found it chiefly at about 4000 feet, frequenting darkly shaded valleys and flying from tree to tree at no great elevation, or a few of them together, keeping near the same spot, making sallies every now and then, and seizing insects on the wing. It feeds on Coleoptera chiefly. Tickell, who lately observed it on the Tenasserim hills, about 3000 feet and upwards, says that it flies in small troops, is active and vociferous in the morning, solitary and quiet during the heat of the day. I had the eggs of the Trogon brought me at Darjeeling: they were said to have been taken from a hole in a tree ; and were two in number, white and somewhat round. ‘There was no nest, it was stated—only some soft scrapings of decayed wood.” (Birds of India, vol. 1. p. 203.) Capt. Beavan found it among heavy timber trees in the valley of Little Runjeet river, Darjeeling. In naming the present species after B. H. Hodgson, Esq., I was actuated by a desire to pay a just com- pliment to a gentleman who, besides diligently fulfilling his official duties as British President in Nepaul, laboured with the greatest assiduity and with the richest result, not only in the field of natural but in many other departments of literature and science. The Plate represents the two sexes, of the natural size. The plant is the Benthamia fragifera. HA! Harp: capite qr egeciled : remigi Dus } duabus pro Fem. Capite hrunneo yi y Rostrum brunne Male—The he: 1 1 ] from the D 7 } sandy -Nrov externally "7 Female. —Simul: Trogon erytl flag ; Harpact : B. i. fli Pyrotroqon fl p. 16 Messrs. Cabanis separate Pyrotro, Sumatran bird. shorter Wing and a reference to th myself respecting toit either one y eel 10 more Su form, | must 1 ery thy oa ““rocephal "en lrogons are no hy } Mgson and Sur H. hodo-so» ch eryth (70Ce) The ficures _ fe PACTES ERYTHROCHPE INTE Red-headed Trogon. ee x SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Harp. capite guttureque sordid? Nel 1 j guttureque sordide sanguineis, torque gutturali an ! gusto albo ; ¢ . j ; tectricibus alarum remigibus nigris, extus albo limbatis : Ree orpore reliquo subtis sun ANTE a ee upervoribus nigro alboque fimbriatis ; rectricibus duabus medii coceimeo ; tergo arenaceo-castaneo - 7 ’ 8 castaneis nigro cate oe Pls NI. apicatis, : Ba hquis mgris, albo late terminatis ; oem. vapite guttureque arenaceo-brunneo « | duabus proximis utrinque nigris re e aed torque } : ; LO e pectorah magis disti) oe 5 a . a a Sie Ue S ais : 2PeTPIL 2 brunneo nigroque fasciatis. gis distincto ; tectricibus alarum Ros rum brunneum . mandibula . ] / of ; f rum basis et requo } : 4 Le. € Ce 5 throat | S vit a + } | f | Wi l 2 eel h h ad c a CNC el eS di | ‘ed, V c WW c E c <= h a harro \ if S a j } a | est ya c 0 \ € sep ratir g t CC S from the breast ; the rest of the : ast ; est of the under surface bright scar = | pi 5 ace bright scarlet ; back and upper tail-coverts Sé iv" : 1e Wwing-coverts finely line 7] 4 Thi 1 1 ea ae ae with black and white ; primaries black, ‘ | ; argined with white; two middle tail-feathers chestnut-brown tipped with lack, the next two on each side wholly black, the rest black only at their base, with the remaining portion white ; naked space round the eyes red; bill black Female.—Simularly clothed to the male, except that the whole head and chest are sandy brown, and the linear markings on the wing are brown on a black ground instead of white, which is characteristic of the male only. m1 > ‘ os 5 ~- ° Total length from 12 to 13 inches; wing 5; tail 65 to 7. Trogon erythrocephalus. Gould, P. Z. 8. 1834, p. 25.—Id. Monogr. Trogon. pl. 33. — flagrans. Mill. Tijdschr. N. G. 1835, p. 336, pl. 8. fig. 2. Harpactes erythrocephalus. Sw. Classif. B. 1. p. 837.—Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 71.—Id. Hand-l. B. 1. p. 84. flagrans. Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 4.—Bp. Consp. 1. p. HL. Pyrotrogon flagrans. Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zyg. p. 14.—Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. wv. p: 160, note. ‘ . . . ° C Teno 1 1 c S ines ; Messrs. Cabanis and Heine, in their excellent account of the Trogonide in the ‘Museum Heineanum, 1 P. erythrocephalus as two distinct species, keeping the latter title for the separate Pyrotrogon hodgsoni ant but is smaller in every way, with a Sumatran bird. They state that the latter is very like P. hodgsoni, shorter wing and tail, the bill being a trifle shorter and stouter and brighter-coloured. As will be seen by | h,’ the above remarks are very similar to those made by able since the publication of that opinion, to add ed to me by Mr. Temminck, I have hile admitting - size and probable distinctness of the island seen no more Sumatran examples. While admitting the smaller : I , oa oists that it will probably have to bear the title of H. flagrans (Miull.), \ ity is that the Burmese and Nepalese Red-headed are the comparative measurements of Z. a reference to the first edition of this ‘ Monograp cies : but I have not been myself respecting these two spe for, beyond the specimens submitt to it either one way or the other ; form, I must remind ornithol: H. erythrocephalus came from Burmah, and t Trogons are not distinct from each other. hodgsoni and Sumatran #7. erythrocephalus — H. hodesoni. ‘Total length 13% inches ; wing 033 Total length 11s inches; wing 93 y as possible, of the natural size. he probabil The following tail 8; tarsus ¢. tail 65 ; tarsus +. ET. erythrocephalus. The figures in the Plate are, as nearl od Setgtt rent oi ACH) oe as) Sole iS ANGNEX 368 (7 ORANG 4 ~ 34 BEBERE MOIS BLBEBESED SS. ay b6 Bhs? NOM ae, ofofopoYo t QN486 BS Be ee ra XD OY: dah ee ee ae 1, ee ee mm HTHUHTTH 4 LITT LUN UOIH TAHSIN pea eritt dea et ee ee ed LL . od nn ee me — QNENE, 74% x Pt NENADASEBGDADS rt D. HARPACTES REINWARDTI Reinwardt’s T rogon. eae nea ant eae bP x0 SPECIFIC CHARACTER. 3634 Mas. Capite, dorso tectricibusque caude superioribus saturate viridibus : pectore olivaceo-br . ventre flavo, ad latera aurantiaco. : one eee en oe tN aa! BEBE a! Male.—Crown of the head, back. wi 4 ° ; , Wing-, and upper tail-cover : a g-, pper tail-coverts dark shining green ; centre of the wing dark green, crossed by numerous narrow wavy lines of dull yellow black, margined externally with white ; 63656, ; primaries greyish six middle tail-feathers dark glossy green; the three lateral feathers on each side of the s - ach : e same | iW i € iue at the base of the outer web, and greenish slate-colour on the inner, the outer fi ; O] 7] hi 1 eather margied with white throughout the entire length of its outer web, the next on each side from near the base to the tip, and the third one , 6BL3E36 43 for about half its length from the tip, all three tipped with white ; throat pale orange- oO yellow ; across the breast a broad band of yellowish olive-brown ; breast and all the under surface rich orange-yellow ; bill deep red; orbits cobalt-blue ; space between the orbits and bill pea-green ; feet orange. SEEN Total length from 12; to 13> inches, bill 4, tail 73, wing 53. 36 Female.—Similar in colour ; but the green of the head is duller; the throat is pale yellowish white ; the band across the breast is greyish brown, without any of the yellow suffusion VAY. seen in the male ; the orange of the abdomen is much paler; and the wavy lines of yellow | a, 4 on the centre of the wing are broader, paler, and more conspicuous. Trogon Reinwardti, Temm. Pl. Col. 124.—Id. Mon. of Trog. in Pl. Col.—Less. Traité d’Orn., p. 122.—Gould, Mon. of Trog., pl. 27. Reinwardtii, Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. part 1, p. 221. : S! A cp as “ a “SO BU . WO cy Apaloderma Reinwardii, Swains. Class. of Birds, vol. i. p. 337. _ Reinwardtii, Gould, Mon. of Trog., syn. spec Apaloderma, sp. 2. Trogon fs {paloderma) Reinwardin, Gould, Mon. of Trog., ie of Plates, a 27. 2 Harpactes Reinwardti, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem., p. 12.—Gray and Mitch. oo. of ae 9.—Gray, List of Spec. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus., pt. u. Consp. Gen. Av., tom. i. p. Lol, Harpactes, sp. 9, vol. 1. p- 7. Harpactes, sp. sect. i. Pissirostres, p- 45.—Bonap. dtii. Gould, Birds of Asia, part xvi. pl. 4. ). Vol. Zygod. p. 14. gen. 5e. 43. Av. tom.i. p. Lol, in syn. Harpactes, sp. 9, Reinwar * Apalharpactes Reinwardtii, Bonap. Cons} ’ Bonap. Consp. Gen. ale 9 et Heine, Mus. Hein., Theil iv. p. 162. : ee ee, , > 47, AS 3436 ll tld L laad a 434 tbe ti Aheg ny pt 2) amnioctan BONE. NANG eee Ca rie FVNNJNNNNJUUUIAICCTYITOOQUNVVLUNVUUUUHLAUEHTETY nl v i } Md i HARPACTES ORESKIOS. Mountain Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Mas. Capite, gutture nectoreque 7 res pectoreque lutescentibus ; ventre aurantiaco in medio, et ad eri " ’ Uv U ; ssum flavo. brunneis ; | mM. => UC , PSOC ue SOrO ae ) r ) S 7 Male.—Crown of the head, throat, and chest greenish yellow ; back oO js 3 c A ; cP and upper tail-coverts rich deep chestnut; wings black, their centres ray ed with strong bars of white; primaries | | two centre tail-feathers rich deep chestnut, crossed at the tip with a narrow band of black, 1 margined externally with white ; 1€ two next on each side black; three outer feathers black at the base and white at the ti c s c ne : PeAST 8 ‘ ro I-A > = ¢ tip ; breast and flanks rich orange, becoming paler on the belly and vent; thighs black; bill black at the tip, yellow at the base; legs and feet flesh-colour. Total length 10 to 10; inches, bill 3, wing 43, tail 6+. Female.—Head, chest, and all the upper surface dull brown, becoming richer on the lower part of the back and the two middle tail-feathers; the transverse marks on the centre of the wings yellow instead of white, and the under surface yellow, inclining to orange only on the flanks. Trogon oreskios, Temm. Pl. Col. 181.—Id. Mon. of Trog. in Pl. Col.—Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. part 1, p. 220.—Less. Traité d’Orn., p. 121.—Gould, Mon. of Trog., pl. 36. Harpactes Gouldzi, Swains. Class. of Birds, vol. 1. p. 337. oreskios, Gould, Mon. Trog., syn. spec. Harpactes, sp. 8.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 71, Harpactes, sp. 8.—Gray, List. of Spec. of Birds in Coll. Brit. Mus., part u. sect. 1. Lssirostres, p. 45.—Blyth, Cat. of Birds in Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta, p. 80. —Bonap. Consp. Gen. Ay., tom. i. p. 151, Harpactes, sp. 8.—Horsf. and Moore, Cat. of Birds in Mus. East Ind. Comp., vol. 1. p. 716.—Gould, Birds of Asia, part xvi. pl. 3. _________ oreskios ?, Wald. in Proc. of Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 538. Trogon (Harpactes) oreskvs, Gould, Mon. Trog., List of Plates, sp. 36. Oreskios Gouldi, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zygod., p. 14, gen. 9 d. 41. Orescius Gouldi, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein., Theil tv. p. 161. skios is Java, where it appears, from the number of skins sent to ll the specimens in my collection have been obtained. I have or any portion of the Malay peninsula; but it is stated by ty above referred to, to have been found by Tue native country of the Harpactes ore Europe, to be tolerably common, and where a never seen the bird from Malasia, Tenasserim, oy Viscount Walden, in the ee a the bea cane ae ie Captain Beavan at Kookarit Island, Salween fuer; Dts ship, . resent species. It is to be regretted mark of doubt as to tl that neither Sir Thomas Stamford Ra Te NTR SEGRE TT oh ee Bee oA SERGIO tak at Se A aD A ts GRENEDEDZDESGDABE Cina. Ed606 a 63 SaaS i B6bsRee Na a 4NGNE ba) Cy , CJ t} Ss 6 thee! tbl eben pfIs ee ee ee te 6840436 a ee ee pean ce have been seen in its native wilds, has given any account of its habits and economy. It is a richly coloured species, and is rendered conspicuously different from all its congeners by the peculiar waxen yellow tint of its head and throat, and by the absence of any naked skin round the eyes. The scarlet tints which predo- minate in the plumage of many of the other species is replaced in the present one by orange, particularly on the breast and under surface. It must be a very beautiful object in its native woods; but with the departure of life the glory of its plumage disappears, for it is never to be seen in dried skins. When treating of this species in the ‘ Planches Coloriées,’ Temminck states that science is indebted to MM. Diard and Reinwardt for the first knowledge of its existence; and Kuhl informs us that it inhabits woods and mountains, and subsists on insects. The sexes offer the usual differences, the female being less brilliant, and having the wings barred with yellow and brown instead of black and white. The figures represent the two sexes, of the size of life. The plant is the Hoya (Ofostemma) lacunosa. ae ASSEN NASGREDS 66 GE SREP a EGS Pt ND IL le RE PRA ANSE oe U2 Sy Tc ae” RINE REN ET i I. 4 SEED ij ea 3 | Teer reCre Te ToT Ter TL SS ree TT eo. ea ee = SS eee re See See Lie See Ade Ry seer ak eet ee tere ee Os te een 3) S le Mor foo Meo eo Moo Mer Meo hor ho Meo Moo err Mer Nor Meron SIT Fit: fo 2 Ge eree Ste oreo ae eae aS i Sera ee eee er. Se eS Sante stearate roa eo eto tee raha a ann as oe Aeon te Oe ans On en neh oe NN Nn oor ae RN ee eee ee tee ee ion seanat ae eonan a ES e foe Ke owaye Mo Koneyorte l SoS Tes Oo et reer tt Pe eee : . stares saree aa eentaieniiiaae od aie arta ne . pehetatiie s+ ene me ona eats oporeas een , dy pyaariaeterguaieremnw wre :thaceaee ll tale amas gett NOD seuigpitom se