r FERRER SEO ee re Ie ee rs AYE OO 83 ime . Lp) As A) en a 4 C)} aa ANAS ae WDA TALES EEE EE EEE EE EEE SE EE EEE EEE EEE EE EE CEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE CETUS Pe ee ee ee De ee ip dip Gi Bi aie Ub ih aie a>. OZ : 3 ys © i Caen SE IR GE SE IP GIR GE GE FO GE Te Se AE i Ak a i oe i ee Bs a o co v = ~ © 0 o = DA ye eged eye ey mm =Talga’ala ala va’alaaatalaATm Pepe v me rene of mA ts aaNeGinn ny, \ SA , eS = a Vv VERE ey LA Mie NE LE i SE Lae Vere eo Ze TA al Ae ee ae as ae sca al a a ete > rey ~ mas AN , 7 AR WPA ee 7S SS SY IZ Oe ed ae TD eee — | y ( 4 \ y 4 ) i i 4 ( A MONOGRAPH OF THE ODONTOPHORIN &. OR PARTRIDGES OF AMERICA. BY JOHN GOULD, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., M.E.S., F.ETHN.S., F.R.GEOG.S., M.RAYS., CORR. MEMB. OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TURIN; OF THE SOC. OF THE MUSEUM OF NAT. HIST. OF STRASBOURG; FOR. MEMB. OF THE NAT. HIST. SOC. OF NURNBERG; HON. MEMB. OF THE NAT. HIST. SOC. OF DARMSTADT; OF THE NAT. HIST. AND NAT. HIST. AND MED. SOCS. OF DRESDEN ; OF THE TASMANIAN SOC. OF VAN DIEMEN’S LAND; OF THE ROY. ZOOL. SOC. OF IRELAND; OF THE PENZANCE NAT. HIST. SOC.; OF THE WORCESTER NAT. HIST. SOC.; OF THE NORTHUMBERLAND, DURHAM AND NEWCASTLE NAT. HIST. SOC.; OF THE IPSWICH MUSEUM, ETC. LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 20, BROAD STREET, GOLDEN SQUARE. 1850. VA Fai _ AP = x aS am an a AE a . we Dy A NOI OS PRS) AE Dy) A WAZ) ee BAS DYE sx8 2 OS WF ED ae aR Fe S aw) Hs Pate Va y y) u ( N Bs pat 7) ESOS AS \ WZ Bi Zin). ZB OES Ky 7) yi Ne NN SOWA aE EX I IIZ. Ry 7 aaa FR ip Z by a ae any en RAL o—-\ BARS TS Vl w\ FDli™N AN be LASS) - 2 Piers Fai WU ee Ze AS ee — as ore Sy) EET) on - EN) © DIS VAL mF 9 x. 2 Fi IRV PAS Voz 2 Fei FM ice PE ISSO) om 2 LED (WE BS BE OE WF EE DISS SUI SSS RY ENO a = = EM US REI EY IN FE SPT TIO aA s a MF LMM SUF 2S 77-9 Ses ey ee I a Lae PS Fae (eae ee ome ae eee S TO eae ')\\ es ORs HIS HIGHNESS \s (iN PA) a CHARLES LUCIEN BONAPARTE, PRINCE OF CANINO AND MUSIGNANO, De Ve RISO THIS ‘ip a COVA ENS +] MONOGRAPH OF THE ODONTOPHORIN-E, LEAD rH ma LO OR ae yy) a a) 2 THE PARTRIDGES OF AMERICA, CRB EIN Js Dedteated, ry) AS A SLIGHT TOKEN OF RESPECT y a XN Ly 3 i iv —— FOR HIS EMINENT AND VARIED TALENTS AS A NATURALIST, ie Ly J a aN AND AS A TESTIMONY OF FA rey et THE HIGH PERSONAL REGARD Va RAIL ENTERTAINED FOR HIM Nee AFTER MANY YEARS OF UNINTERRUPTED FRIENDSHIP, BY THE AUTHOR. VE Pin Aa SS i sO) ZA NE ESS NE EN Ly BISA ESE SEC UP TAI) SE AA “ P : y id ry Y 1 4 P t : a t i N { NN, N A j } ». a 7, ( ¢ ) ic (| iS ) RNY wel x a ps yy) 4 | ) EB ro J RNY NS - ay b +4 i py en ee aA yA Ri Sa 2 NS Ps | . ) ji ' iS AAU NX S hes Q PSN 7 eel eed SI IIS NOY TY a Ese Orn SUBSCK TBE Seas ence cee tae (ena a QP HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE ALBERT. HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS. HIS IMPERIAL AND ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE OF TUSCANY. HIS HIGHNESS THE PRINCE MAXIMILIAN OF WIED. HIS HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF CANINO. HIS HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF ESSLING. ARTARIA and Fontaine, Messrs. Mannheim. Aylesford, the Right Hon. the Earl of. Packinyton Hall, Coventry, Warwickshire; and Aylesford, Maidstone, Kent. Baker, T. B. L., Esq., F.G.S. &c. Hardwicke Court, Gloucester. Bell, Jacob, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S. &e. Langham-place. Bell, John, Esq., M.P. Thirsk, Yorkshire. Bell, T., Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S. &c. New Broad-street ; and Selborne, Hampshire. Bennett, G., Esq. Bent, J., Esq. Liverpool. Berlin, the Royal Library of. Binney, Mrs. Sydney, New South Wales. Boston, North America. Bodleian Library, The. Ozford. Bolton, Mrs. Storr’s Hall, Windermere, Westmoreland. Boone, Mr. New Bond-street ; Booth, Mr. Duke-street, Portland-place ; two copies. Broderip, W. J., Esq., B.A., F.R.S., F.L.S. &c. ings, Gray’s Inn. Buccleuch, His Grace the Duke of, K.T., D.C.L., F.R.S.L. & E., F.LS., F.Z.S. &c. Whitehall Gardens; Broughton House, Kettering, Northamptonshire ; Dalkeith, Edinburgh ; Drumlanrig Castle, and Langholm Lodge, Dumfries- shire ; and Bowhill, Selkirk, North Britain. Burlington, the Right Hon. the Earl of, F.R.S., F.Z.S., M.R.J. &c. Holkar Hall, Milnthorpe, Northamptonshire ; two copies. Raymond’s-build- Richmond, Surrey ; Belgrave-square ; and Compton-place, Eastbourn, Sussex. Cabbell, B. B., Esq., M.P., F.R.S., F.H.S., F.A.S. &c. Temple. Brick-court, Cambridge University, The. Canning, the Rev. W. The Cloisters, Windsor Castle. Currer, Miss. Eshton Hall, Gargrave, Skipton, Yorkshire. De la Fresnaye, Mons. le Baron. Calvados, Falaise, Normandy. Derby, the Right Hon. the Earl of, K.G., LL.D., Pres. Z.S., F.H.S., Trust. Brit. Mus. &c. Prescot, Lancashire. Grosvenor-square ; and Knowsley Hall, Drummond, C., Esq. Stratton-street, Piccadilly ; and Newsells Park, Royston, Hertfordshire. DuBus, Mons. le Viscomte. Edinburgh, the Library of the University of. Egerton, Sir Philip de Malpas Grey, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S. &c. Ewing, the Rev. Thomas James. Van Diemen’s Land. Eyton, T. C., Esq. The Vineyard, Wellington, Salop. Feilden, J., Esq. Witton House, Blackburn, Lancashire. Folliott, G., Esq. Vicar’s Cross, near Chester. Grey, His Excellency Captain Sir George, Governor of New Zealand. Gurney, J. H., Esq. Harlham Hall, Norwich. Hale, R. B., Esq., M.P. Bolton-street, Piccadilly ; Melksham, Wiltshire. Hill, the Right Hon. Viscount Hill. Hawkstone, Market-Drayton ; and Hardwicke Grange, Shrewsbury, Salop. Housman, Mrs. Bath (per Mr. C. Empson). Howard, the Hon. Mrs. Hullmandel, C., Esq. Brussels. Oulton Park, Tarporley, Cheshire. ? 7} Ys Newtown Parsonage, Hobart Town, and Cottles, Ashstead Park, Epsom, Surrey. Great Marlborough-street. Jardine, Sir William, Bart., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., M.W.S. &c. Jar- dine Hall, Lockerby, Dumfries-shire. DS I NOS J a BX I) AB A Za AAR | Kenmare, the Right Hon. the Earl of. Killarney, Ireland. Legh, G. C., Esq., M.P. Lancashire. Little and Brown, Messrs. Liverpool Library, The. Llewelyn, J. D., Hsq., F.R.S., F.L.S. Wales. Lomax, E., Esq. Lomax, J., Esq. Belgrave-square ; and Eaton-place ; and High Legh, Warrington, Boston, North America. Penllergare, Swansea, South Alsprings, Lancashire. Clayton Hall, Lancashire. Longman, W., Esq. Paternoster-row. Mitchell, D. W., Esq., M.A., F.L.S., Sec. Zool. Soc. &c. Montague- street, Russell-square ; and Barton, Bedfordshire. Mitford, Rear-Admiral. Moore, W., Esq. Grimeshill, Kirby Lonsdale, Westmoreland. Murs, Mons. O. des. Paris. Northumberland, His Grace the Duke of, F.R.S. &c. land House, Charing Cross ; Sion House, Isleworth, Middlesex ; Hunmanby, near Scarborough, Yorkshire. Northumber- Alnwick Castle, Northumberland ; and Warrington Park, Laun- ceston, Cornwall. Perkins, H., Esq., F.H.S., F.G.S. &c. Ransome, G., Esq. Ipswich, Suffolk. Reeve, Lovell, Esq., F.L.S. Richardson, C. G., Esq. Robyns, Mons. M. J. Rodd, E. H., Esq. Rolle, the Right Hon. Lady. near Torrington ; Bicton, near Exeter ; and Bovey, near Axmin- Springfield, Surrey. Henrietta-street, Covent Garden. Tanfield-court, Temple. Brussels. Penzance, Cornwall. Upper Grosvenor-street ; Stevenston, ster, Devonshire. Saye and Sele, the Right Hon. Lord. Erith, Kent ; Skaife, J., Esq. Union-street, Blackburn, Lancashire. Somerset, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S. &c. Park-lane; Bradley House, Mere, Wilts; and Stobec House, Newton Abbott, Devonshire. Grosvenor-street ; Belvidere, and Broughton Castle, Banbury, Oxon. Sparre, Mons. le Comte de. Paris. Strickland, H. E., Esq. shire. Sutherland, His Grace the Duke of, M.A., F.Z.S. &c. Stafford House, St. James’s ; Trentham Hall, Staffordshire; and Dun- robin Castle, Sutherlandshire. Apperley Green, Tewkesbury, Gloucester- PI y 9 Y> Temminck, Monsieur C. J., Chevalier de ordre du Lion Néerlan- dais; Directeur du Musée Royal des Pays-bas; Membre de l'Institut, des Académies de Stockholm et de Bonn; des Sociétés Royales de Médecine et de Chirurgie, Linnéenne et Zoologique de Londres; des Sociétés Impériales de Moscou et de celle des Naturalistes d’Utrecht, de Groningue, de Leiden, de Paris, Lausanne, Lille, Frankfort, Mayence, Halle, Marbourg, Wurz- bourg, Heidelberg, Stockholm, Hanau, Batavia, Philadelphia, et Cap de Bonne Eispérance. Leyden. Teylerian Library, The. Trinity College, Dublin. Vienna, the Imperial Library of. Wells, W., Esq. Redleaf, Penshurst, Kent. Wilson, T. B., Esq. Philadelphia, North America. Yarrell, W., Esq., V.P.Z.S., F.L.S. &c. Zoological Society of London, The. Haarlem. Ryder-street, St. James’s. —————— AT yi man SO aa EX WD C I bt) te FN ® if \ Bs a Pug y NF Nh DY REZ SA rc ENS Si ELSI) EN =<) Zh AT et PE A SN Se LN TR LAS SIT ae NL PE TNT Fa A eT WERE it necessary to assign a reason for the publication of the present Monograph, I might state that it is due to the interest excited in my mind by the sight of several living examples of the beautiful Callipepla Californica, brought home and presented to the Zoological Society of London by Captain Beechey in 1830. The graceful actions and elegant deportment of these birds inspired me with a desire to become thoroughly acquainted with the entire group, of which they form a part; this desire was even strengthened by the details furnished to me by the late celebrated traveller and botanist, Mr. David Douglas, respecting species seen by him in California, of the existence of which we had until then no idea. So little had at that time been recorded respecting this group of birds, that Mr. Bennett remarked, in his “ Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society Delineated ” :—“< From some observations lately offered by Mr. Vigors, before the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society, it appears that the number of species of this genus, which until within three years of the present time did not exceed four, or at the utmost five (some of them very imperfectly known), has partly by the researches of Mr. David Douglas, and partly by the additions made in various ways to the Society's collection, been a YE NOS Je} inne Vn nt - i) SS SR a a BUY BBC a B } FO WP Bare PLY OP? Oe FOE y Veen | ages en ee SN SVEN SOR Z2 OP BRE Pe A) Bis 8 —— wy a te FE SSO A NES GARAAAAAAZES BSc aaa Pea aa cae eae are eee EUV E PREFACE. increased to eleven.” Desirous, if possible, of extending our knowledge of an interesting group of birds, with which we were so little acquainted, | have from that period until the present moment been unremitting im my exertions to secure every information attainable respecting them. In the course of my researches I have several times visited most of the public and many of the private collections of Europe, and have besides corresponded with various persons in America: the result is that I have had the pleasure of extending our knowledge of the group from eleven to no less than thirty-five species ; doubtless others remain to be discovered, for it is not to be presumed that the vast forests and tracts of barren land of the great Andean and Cordillerean ranges have as yet been so far explored as to have revealed to us every species; but herein I have described or figured all with which I am acquainted. In the Introduction will be found some additional information obtained since the subse- quent pages were printed, and also descriptions of three species which I have not thought it necessary to figure. shall at all times be happy to receive further information trom any person who may be favourably situ: See ae avourably situated fox observation, and who wil] kindly favour me with the result of his researches, JOHN GOULD. October 15, 1850. ane ae NZ he Ah a al bP NIP er SS A PN LA LAS LS Cae OSA (TN Sa TE SANT el la LE vw \ —s R) Z 2 v) e228. Te 4 y-~t SS Bare DGS) ABS 4 \ i up ay ent ENTRODUC ELON: Ir will, I am sure, be conceded, that next to illustrating the ornithology of a particular country, mono- graphs of families or genera are of the greatest interest, since they tend to increase our knowledge of the science far more than mere descriptions of new species ; with this view, therefore, I have from time to time turned my attention to the investigation of some one or other of those groups, respecting which much con- fusion existed, or which had not received the attention that their interesting nature appeared to demand. In selecting those of the Ramphastide and Trogonide for the subjects of my previous monographs, I must fairly admit that I was as much influenced by the singularity of their form, and by the splendour of their plumage, as by the fortunate acquisition of many species entirely unknown to science ; the subjects of the present monograph, on the other hand, though not remarkable for brilliancy of colouring, are, independently of their claims to notice in a scientific point of view, well worthy of illustration, from their utility to man, both as articles of food and as objects of sport, a utility prospectively important whenever the vast countries of which they are denizens shall become entirely under the dominion of civili- zation; nor can we overlook their value as objects for our aviaries, and for naturalization in Europe ; many of the species would live in the warmer parts of the Continent, and some of them are sufficiently hardy to brave the severities of our winters, and would doubtless thrive in situations similar to those that are suitable to our own Partridge. To these preliminary remarks I may add, that this section of the Gallinacee has received no inconsider- able share of my attention for the last twenty years, during which period I have availed myself of every possible opportunity of becoming acquainted with the subject ; and I would here record my sense of 4 the kind assistance rendered to me on all hands, particularly by my late lamented friend Mr. John ee ee ALAR ENN I) ESOT Se Aree 7 0 Ze NB NS as Zan Wl & I SE ee . — ame Zone Ses soe 5 —s SAA A a ee SS ee = a 2 ga oi! . = (/ Pe Oy Ws io 4d q 4 i a ‘ re ers AS i) w i hk ee i i ah kl VV: Satay 12 INTRODUCTION. AT VETS Natt f Vienna, the Prince Massena, the Earl of Derby, the Baron de la Fresnaye, the Zoological Natterer o a, the e arene : fi irectors of the Royal Museums of Berlin, Leyden and Society of London, the Viscomte DuBus, the Directors of the Roye j "aC on ooe OC Pinisdelninee Pe Paris, and the Museums of Neufchatel and the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia; all of whom ar D»5 Cc o Ss have, where necessary, most liberally lent me even unique specimens for illustration, besides which NAVIES Ww SSary, ‘ , : : my own collection has been from time to time enriched by the addition of several new and undescribed species. All the members of this group are strictly American, and by far the greater number of them are natives of that portion of the continent lying between the 30th degree of North latitude and the Equator. Four species are now included in the fauna of North America, and four have been discovered in Brazil; some few extend their range to the larger of the West Indian Islands; the late researches among the Andes, particularly in Peru, Bolivia, and the neighbourhood of Santa Fé de Bogota, have made us acquainted with several others ; and it is in the countries contiguous to that vast mountain range that additional species may most probably yet be found. That the members of this group are of very general interest to ornithologists, is evidenced by the fact that several writers have given a synoptical list of the species with which they were acquainted. Not more than two appear to have been known to Linneus, by whom they were included in his genus Zetrao. Latham, in the eighth volume of his “ General History of Birds,” published in 1823, enumerates nine species, two of which being synonymous with others, the number is reduced to seven. At the first Scientific Meeting of on, held on the 9th of November, 1830, Mr. \ were then known, to which he added Ortyw ne the Zoological Society of Lond ‘igors stated that nine species ovenus and O. affinis, at the same time expressing his doubts as to whether they might not prove to be females or young males of Ortyw Sonninii or O. cristatus and it has since been ascertained that his Q. neoxvenus is the female of O. cristatus ; but his O. apins will, I believe, prove to be a distinct species. M. Lesson was the next author who g ave a list of the species of this group, of which he only enumerates nine ; and the last writers who appear to have given a general revision of the subject are Messrs. Jardine and Selby, who in the Synopsis Specierum published in the first and third volumes of their « Illustrations of Ornithology,” increase the number to eleven. By most of these authors, some mistakes have been made as to the identity of the s ; pecies and to them; and in more than one inst ance, the old Perdiv Falklandicus 1€ genus Ortyy. F less than thirty-five species the synonyms having reference , a bird belonging to a totally different group, is included in tl] ew of my readers will, I apy yrehend, be prepared to learn that not are now known; of these, several have been lately described by myself in the “Pr nos y ae, aye Ne roceedings of the Zoological Society,” and others by Messrs. Lichtenstein, Lesson and Natterer in various continental publications. Vieillot was the first author who perceived the propriety of separating one of the members of this or 2, 7 : : i s S group from TZesrgo ordain» wp oe , srouy 0 and Perdix > Proposing the term Odontophorus for the Zetrao Guianensis of Gmelin ; phens must have | st have been a fact, with which Mr. Ste 1 / ‘ ch Mr. Ste unacquainted when he proposed me term! Orta for the American Parte: 1 I yx tor the American Partridges collectively, with O. Virginianus for the type. These two (3 EN a r LY. . 2 srg Ef TEES > 1h eet ZA MA Stl etd a ee Fa EA Fe = SI TY I PI NI OI OI EE AI A D> Fa Li 6, SN iS INTRODUCTION. 13 gical an generic terms are now generally adopted for two distinct sections of the group; for a third the ap- a pellation of Callipepla was proposed by Wagler, and Lophortyx by Bonaparte; the former term, having ci the priority, is the one retained. Considerable diversity of opinion exists with regard to the propriety yhich i 2 . Abed of giving names to these subdivisions of families, but this is a point upon which I need not here he enter: that such divisions do really exist, will, I think, be apparent to all who will carefully examine this or any other large group of birds; and my own observations lead me to believe, that wherever structural differences, however slight, are found to exist, a difference will also be found in habits and ‘es of 7 ‘ : economy; and that the members of each of these sections will possess a character of plumage common to ecies : : : : age : themselves, but not to the whole group. With certainly the most entire series of this tribe of birds that has : ; B : ever been brought together, from which to draw my deductions, I may state, that the genera or subgenera lay 3 e culati, 1 di ce No} 1 & Ss b 5 S rtim di 1to inter1 re I ‘ t St J ti d m¢ Cc lo 1g ’ et robust 3 digiti rev ibu 5, preesert & O alluce ¢ b ‘ et alté posit UngurbUus i LO Ss Ss r 1s d c ] 1ce SSIS 0 > U uy 4 b Oke gn > elongatis, cu vat > aU apicem crassis. 3ull short and r nd robust; ¢ mn arche eee He B LA. - 3 culmen arched and gradually curving downwards from the base; tomia sharp ; lower man- dible straight, with tw OFSliclita entationerneanrc len: i . ght dentations near the Up; nostrils large, covered and bordered with a membrane ; ea eS lL LE atl AP al PA NOP Ne INTRODUCTION. 15 head crested, the feathers inclining backward and forming a thick tuft on the occiput; orbits plumed ; wings somewhat lengthened in form; tertiaries pendent, overhanging and exceeding the primaries in length; tail short, blended with the upper tail-coverts, and composed of soft yielding feathers; tarsi spurless, reticulated, moderately long and robust; toes short; the inner of the anterior ones very short; hind-toe feeble, and situated high upon the tarsus; nails very large, much lengthened, curved, and thick at the point. Of this form only two species are at present known, both of which are natives of Mexico; they are rather small in size, being but a little larger than the Kuropean Quail, and are particularly distinguished by the singularity of the facial markings, by the shortness of the toes and the great development of the nails. The sexes also appear to differ very much in their colouring. PI y g ry S The species are— 7. Cyrtonyx Massena : : : : : : “ : Pl. VII. ocellatus : : i : : : : : P). VIII. 8. — The contour of these birds is rendered remarkably round by the shortness of their tails and the fullness of their plumage. For the third section I propose the name of EUPSYCHORTYX, WITH THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERS :— Rostrum breve, et gracilius quam in Ortyge; culmine gradatim a basi descendente, tomiis mandibule inferioris denticulis duobus parvulis, apicem versus instructis; naribus modice magnis et operculo obtectis ; orbitis plumis indutis ; caput crista gracili elongata, decoratum ; ale concave, et rotundate, remige primarid quartd ceteris longiore; cauda brevis, et e plumis duodecim flexilibus confecta ; farsi cum digitis et unguibus modicé longi; digitis anticls membran4 basali conjunctis. Bill short and more slender than in Ortyx; culmen gradually descending from the base; tomia of the under man- dible with two very slight dentations near the tip; nostrils basal, moderately large and covered with an oper- culum; orbits plumed; head decorated with a thin elongated crest; wings concave and rounded; the fourth primary the longest; ¢ai/ short, and composed of twelve flexible feathers ; tarsi spurless, and with the toes and nails moderately long ; anterior toes united at the base by a membrane. Ze i E'S J WG 8 a: Zn SW SS IG I IY NE I IO IPO RIF LT OI IE OP RT le VES RIS Di a de ra a Nd a — z y <—Z v; 5 INT Bry A Ot - i 5 : RS rH ©) Nae S 16 INR ODUCHTON. ) Nearly all the known species of this genus are about the same size as the members of the genus Ortye. they Ae all adorned with an elongated crest, which in most of them when erect has a forward curvature, a eives the bird a very elegant and sprightly appearance. The tail-feathers and the upper surface Peel are more minutely freckled or moth-like in their markings than those of the members of any of the preceding groups ; they are also distinguished by the more well-defined spotted markings of the flanks. The plumage of the sexes differs considerably ; for, although the female is decorated with a similar style of colouring, the markings are much less decided and brilliant than in the male. The range of the members of this genus extends from Mexico to Brazil. Some of the species inhabit the temperate regions of both the Mexican and Columbian Andes. The species are :— 9. Eupsychortyx cristatus : , : ON 10. —————— leucotis . : : Q : : : PIES 11. —————— Sonninii . : : : : : le, OXI. 12. ——————. affinis. Eups. criste plumis elongatis, et fuscescenti-cervinis ; gula ferrugineé, apud mentum nigro indistincté notata ; pectore pallide vinaceo-cinereo. Crest feathers lengthened and of a brownish buff; throat rust-red, with some indistinct black marks on the chin; chest pale vinaceous grey. Ortyx afinis, Vigors, in Proc. of Comm. Sci. and Corr. of Zool. Soc. Part I. Danse From the time Mr. Vigors characterized this bird as distinct, until the present moment, I have always had some doubt of its specific value; yet I must admit that upon every occasion that I have compared it with its néar ally EL. Sonninit, I could not but perceive that it exhibits sufficient differences to warrant its Separation: future research alone can decide whether the two birds be identical or not. It is smaller than FE. Sonninii in all its admeasurements, particularly in the shortness of its tail, is much lighter in colour, and possesses some black marks on the throat, of which I have never observed even a trace in any specimen of E. Sonninii that I have examined. Habitat. Said to be Mexico. The original of Mr. Vigors’ iption is i Z £ r. Vigors’s descr i i I g g description is in the Collection of the Zoological Society; I possess another precisely the same in size and plumage. which wac 1 i i judging fi in | and plumage, which was obtained in Paris; both of these, judging from their plumage, are adult males. I have 1 1 s S. € not considere -cessar 1 ] i é ot considered it necessay y to figure this species. SSO SAIS I cL ORIN A FA LLM SLL PEON Ta SAFI PN Fi SSL lA ENS tl LM APR DL INTRODUCTION. Wa mbers t the fen) Oy ct has a { oe : oe : CUrvat 13. Eupsychortyx parvicristatus : s : : : ; TAL, SOT rs and the », = ~ "NE upper surf 14. —___—_—— leucopogon . : : : : ; : Pl. XIII. se of the Members dd spotted Markiy mats OL the IS decorated with simil For the fourth section I propose the generic term =) a le male Eh SN aU ( es iS | PHILORTYX, S s ) Zk WITH THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERS :— “ QC SA Habitus idem ut im genere ‘ Ortyx” dicto. Indumentum plumatile, molle et laxum, dorsi superioris plumis, nec non scapularum, pectoris et laterum latis et truncatis; illis et pectoris et laterum transversim distincté nigro Pl. IX alboque fasciatis, at non guttatis. EN 2 ae : General form that of Ortyx ; plumage soft and yielding ; feathers of the mantle, scapularies, chest and flanks broad P] ae : : X] and truncate ; those of the two latter distinctly barred across with black and white, and not spotted. The only known species is 0 5 15. Philortyx fasciatus : Pl. XIV. Ortyx Perrotiana, O. Des Murs, Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 207. I have had no opportunity of examining the bird described by M. O. Des Murs, under the above appel- lation; but, judging from the description, I believe it to be identical with this species. The Philortyx fasciatus is confined to Mexico, and I believe the sexes are similar in their markings. it moment, | For the fifth section I retain Wagler’s name of differences to warrant its sp ies he fii: bel states that C. Douglasii and C. elegans are opposite sexes of the same species, the female Dr. Gambel states that C. Lous k é Is ¢ | C ll ction of tl e ; ale ae » |e aye oe id idds, that In the JOE 1e bel | reterl: ed as the former, and the male as the latter 5 Call c being’ charac iS A EGE himself, which he says are Acad f Sciences of Philadelphia, there are two specimens procured by himself, ays ¢ cademy of Sciences I ) | £ J fe > . ‘ > VO PEA ; Y oleoans. + the fem ] inl l | female of the same species, and of these the male agrees with C. elegans, and tl ale certainly male and tem: sal st : | . | till inclined to the opinion stated above, until additional ith C. Douglasti: notwithstanding, I am still inclinec | with ©. PS Uasue « ‘ evidence of my being in error has been received. PE OXUXe 21. Callipepla squamata . é ; ad For the sixth division I propose the name of DENDRORTYX. WITH THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERS :— Rostrum brevius et lateralitér mints compressum quam in Odontophoro, fortius, ita, et apud apicem minus aduncum ; mandibula inferiore latd, recté, et utrinque denticulis duobus distinctis instructa : tomuis acutis, non introrsim curvatis; naribus aliquanto maenis, membrand obtectis, et marginatis ; caput cristatum ; orbitis vix plumis denudatis ; ale breves, concave, primariis minis rigidis quam in Odontophoro, quinté et sexta longioribus ; cauda lata, rotundata, mediocris, et e plumis duodecim rigidis confecta: tarsi reticulati, minds robusti quam in Odontophoro ; digitis modicis, membrand basali conjunctis ; digito interiore ezteris breviore ; halluce debili; unguibus pauld longis, levitér curvatis : margine interno dilatato, et acuto. Bill shorter, and not so much compressed on the sides as in Odontophorus, thicker and less hooked at the point ; under mandible broad, straight, and armed with two distinct dentations on each side; tomia sharp, but not curving inwards; nostrils rather large, covered and bordered with a membrane: head crested; orbits but slightly denuded of feathers : Wings short and concave ; primaries less rigid than in Odontophorus, the fifth and sixth the longest ; tail broad, rounded at the end, proportionate to the size of the bird, and composed of twelve stiff feathers: tarsi spurless, reticulated, much less powerful than in Odontophorus ; toes moderately long, united at the base by a membrane, the inner of the anterior toes the shortest : posterior toe feeble ; nails rather long and slightly curved, the imner edge dilated and sharp. Of this for re Pre « rE ga . I his form there are at present three Species known ; they are the largest members of the whole group, | x ae : és 2 . on : d : deIne almost equal in size to a Ptarmigan their tarsi and feet, I be their bill or Red Grouse. Judging from the more slender structure of arboreal in their habits 8 to me to indicate that the rs of the genus lieve the ; i i ing of e them to be , and the delicate but bright colouring of and lees seem ( ] i I I 5 y affect situations very different from those resorted to yy the membe . y the membe Odontophorus. —— AA EIS SL al A LENS tl A AP ca DL BANS ZO SLL RN TN MRR LRN ES A A NY LE RENT FN BT Ce RO os ixd WY) Nels &IN@ Sa Le Za INTRODUCTION. 21 The members of the present section, in fact, differ so much in their general contour from all the other members of the family, as to present the idea of their leading off to some other group of the Gallinacee, apparently to the Guans and Curassows. yy ei The species are :-— 22. Dendrortyx macrourus : ‘ : : : : : IE XOXe 29. === == llencapins : : . : : : 5 Pl. XXI. 24. barbatus . : . ‘ : : : : Pl. XXII. The sexes are alike in plumage, and merely differ in the somewhat smaller size of the females. For the seventh section I retain M. Vieillot’s name of ODONTOPHORUS, WITH THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERS :— Rostrum forte, lateraliter compressum, culmine valde arcuato, et ad apicem deorsim curvato: mandibula inferiore recta, distincte bidentata utrinque apicem versts, tomiis incurvatis et peracutis; nares grandes, membrana obtectz et circumdate; caput cristatum; orbitis nudis; ale concave, primariis rigidis, prima brevissima, quinta et sexta ceteris prestantibus; cauda admodim brevis, concava, rotundata, et e plumis duodecim mol- libus et laxis confecta; tars: elongati, robusti, et fortiter reticulati; digitis anterioribus, membrané ad basim conjunctis ; omnibus elongatis, presertim intermedio ; digito posteriore brevi, et debili; unguibus elongatis, feré rectis, et acutis. Bill robust, compressed laterally, and with the culmen very much arched and bent downward at the point; under mandible straight, and with two distinct dentations on each side near the point ; tomia curved inwards and very sharp; nostrils large, covered and bordered with a membrane; head crested; orbits naked ; wings very concave; primaries rigid, the first the shortest, and the fifth and sixth the longest; tail very short, concave, rounded at the end, and composed of twelve soft and unresisting feathers ; tarsi lengthened, robust, strongly reticulated and spurless; anterior toes united at the base by a membrane, and very long, particularly the middle one; the imner one the shortest ; posterior toe short and feeble ; nails lengthened, nearly straight, and sharp at the point. Of this particular form, eleven species are now known, all of which, with the exception of O. strophium, O. speciosus, and O. Columbianus, have, in addition to the characters given above, the outer webs of the Pz 2 ye Y on’ VENI we S ag a as 2A (ez ar (OE NALEACO RNG VIN Rae AKO Acs g on Ae ote Geet a VY VEY Sk INTRODUCTION. Rack « = bo ao ae a imari i > Whe cexes are alike in plumage. Most of the members are about the size of primaries banded with buff. The sexes are alike in | ( oe They affect the forests rather than the more open parts of the country: except ca the European Partridge. when accompanied by their brood, are usually met with singly or in pairs, and when flushed generally take y acc Yc ) ; ; ; instead of again descending he ground. to the branches of trees instead of again de scending to the g The species are :— re : 1 oe 25. Odontophorus Guianensis : ; i : ; PE XO 26, ————————— marmoratus. Od. corpore subtis olivaceo-fusco et nigro variegato, his coloribus fascias apud pectus et abdomen efficientibus ; crisso, et femoribus fuliginoso-nieris. Under surface mottled olive, brown and black, assuming the form of bars on the breast and abdomen; under tail- coverts and thighs sooty black. Ortyx (Odontophorus) marmoratus, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part XI. [Ds IO. I have not considered it necessary to figure this species, inasmuch as it only differs from O. Guianensis in having a smaller bill, in having the orbits more extensively denuded of feathers, a more lengthened and darker crest, and the whole of the under surface dark brown crossed by narrow bands of buff and black: Ta tehatatala aaa A ade Daa a eee ae ee the under tail-coverts and thighs also are sooty black. re eon > . es RA ‘ e - ; E E 7 This is one of the species referred to as having been discovered in the neighbourhood of Santa Fe de Boe The EC or . . ; ; : gota. The only specimens I have seen, are, one in my own collection, one in that of the Jardin des D]. Seat inaica ¢ S Y nr 5 Plantes at Paris, and one in the Museum of the Earl of Derby. 27. Odontophorus pachyrhynchus Pl XOX 28. ——— speciosus : : : i : : PE NORV 29. ———______ dentatus . Pl. XXVI. 30. ——_—— tellatus . : : ; : : ; Pl. XXVII. 31. ———____ puttatus . Pl. XXVIII. 32 —— Balliviani Pl. XXIX. his rema ke | l Ss , rka le yird \ rhich ay 1 c I oO . | | i x ma ert: 7 > reoar tl fi t 1 f 1 } h; ye ay cel fainly be regar ded as the nest spec eS O 1e es wue renus don cophorus is rende 1 ] > ov, Is dere conspicu JUS b y LS io S St c c d ‘ Ous Vets hi rht che str res c ) 5 4 St Lut cres ind b y t 5 5 } ( ee chestnu bro aN) colouring f | rs ) he ste llations vi orl ent 2 es t- W 4 1 & or t 1e under surface. WN El NT tl A PY cx A NS oe SN Jee SO Jk aS a aS Lae PE cl LE TL hai ‘(aaa a ee END RO DU Cat OFN- 23 Pl. XXX. Pl. XXXI. 33. Odontophorus Columbianus 34. uae strophium 30.) ee lineolatus ‘ : : : : : Pl. XXXII. I have now enumerated every species of this group with which I am at present acquainted ; all of which having been carefully compared and examined, I am fully satisfied that they are each specifically distinct, the whole forming a large and well-defined family, distinguishable from the Partridges and Quails of the Old World, with which they have been usually associated, by the absence of any spur or spur-like appendage on the tarsi, and by the possession of tooth-like processes on the under mandible. They are pugnacious in disposition, semi-arboreal in their habits, deposit their eggs in a depression of the ground, or in a very inartificial nest, and the eggs of all the species, so far as I have been able to learn, are white; their food consists of seeds, berries, fruits, and the tender leaves of grasses and other annuals; their flesh is white, tender, and well-flavoured. Es / x 4 By a ae ESA a CA aN CEI NOI J VBR aed MM a A EE EINES) OS FN — a Le ——S aS ZT SNS FN Pa Le List? OF PEADH Ss Ortyx Virginianus. — Cubanensis, Gould. —— castaneus, Gould. —— nigrogularis, Gould. —— pectoralis, Gould. —— Coyolcos. Cyrtonyx Massena. ocellatus, Gould. Eupsychortyx cristatus. —_—_————— leucotis, Gould. = Sonn. —————___— jinanrorias, Ghul. ——_———. leucopogon. Philortyx fasciatus, Gould. Callipepla picta. Oa OnniCas eG amelie elegans. === SOUAInatia, Dendrortyx macrourus. leucophrys, Gould. ———+ barbatus. Odontophorus Guianensis. —————— pachyrhynchus, 7schudi ——— —— qraoosms, Weed. ee OMIT ——— — stellatus, Gold. —————~ euttatus, Gould. ——_———— Balliviani, Gould. —————~ Columbianus, Gould. ——_——- strophium, Gould. ——— —— — |hneolrtins. AE A. ap ae ATI Vr LEA f NA - ————— PALIN e Fase a Vay GS yx ‘ ii 2? LINN 7 se A red o) a NES S BS EWS SED IVES ASE AG fa a PAK 3 TAS paceman pa iid Jaana ES = ) PAZ I yi Ye NS! OT aT earners saa = tae 5 NS 7 ete a Se AS FE AN Fe ee EE ee wes Se SS ee = ee ORTYX VIRGINIANUS. Virginian Partridge. Spectric CHARACTER. 5 fae POw)\- O. pectore et latertbus pallidé castaneis, abdomine medio fulvescenti-albo, notes nigris crebris et ‘y I Mle sagittiformibus ornato. ©}; h Weee vy NS aw Male. —Forehead, line over the eye and chin pure white, bounded by a band of black, which 2 S descends and spreads broadly over the throat ; crown of the head, neck and upper part of iN yy vy a ) 4 the breast reddish brown; sides of the neck spotted with white and black on a reddish brown ground; back, scapularies and lesser wing-coverts reddish brown, intermingled g with ash and freckled with black; tertiaries edged with buff; wings dusky ; lower part of the breast and belly pale yellowish white, crossed with numerous arrowhead-shaped marks of black; tail ash-colour, freckled with reddish brown ; bill black ; irides dark hazel; legs very pale ash. Female.—Similar in colour but less brilliant, and with the forehead, line over the eye and chin yellowish brown instead of white. Total length, 9 inches ; Az//, 2; wing, 4:3 tail, 3; tarse, 11; middle toe and nazl, 12. ig O) WE Tetrao Virginanus, Linn. Syst., vol. 1. p. 277.-—Gmel. Syst., vol. 1. p. 761.—Klein, Av., p. 115. Perdix Americana, Briss. Orn., tom. i. p. 230.—Ib. 8vo, tom. 1. p. 64. —_—— Virginianus, Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. ii. p. 650.—Wils. Am. Orn., vol. vi. p. 21. pl. xlvu. Jard. Edit. Wils. Am. Orn., vol. ii. p. 223. pl. xlvi. fig. 2. Coturnix Ludoviciana, Briss. Orn., tom. i. p. 258. pl. xxi. fig. 2. fig. 2—Bonap. Syn., p. 124. Attagen Americanus, Frisch. Vog., tab. 113. Coturnix Mexicana, Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. 11. p. 653. Perdix borealis, Temm. Pig. et Gall., pp. 436 and 735.—Vieill. Gal. des Ois., tom. 11. p. 44. pl. 214. Tetrao Marilandus, Linn. Syst., vol. 1. p. 277.—Gmel. Syst., vol. 1. p. 761. Perdix Marilanda, Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. i. p. 651. La Perdria d’ Amerique, Buff. Ois., tom. i. p. 399. Virginian Partridge, Catesb. Car., vol. ii. tab. 12.—Lath. Syn., vol. iv. p. 777. Perdix Novee- Angle, Briss. Orn., tom. 1. p. 229.—Ib. 8vo, tom. i. p. 64.—lKlein, Av., p. 115. Perdrix de la Nouvelle Angleterre, Buff. Ois., tom. li. p. 447. New England Partridge, Albin, vol. 1. t. 28. Maryland Partridge, Penn. Arct. Zool., vol. ii. p. 318. no. 185.—Lath. Syn., vol. iv. p. 778. —Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. vin. p. 324. Tetrao Mexicanus, Linn. Syst., vol. 1. p. 277.—Gmel. Syst., vol. i. p. 762. Le Colenicui, Buff. Pl. Enl., 149.—Ib. Ois., tom. i. p. 487. Lowstana Quail, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. iv. p. 785.—Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. vii. p. 326. Ortyx boreal, Steph. Cont. of Shaw's Gen. Zool., vol. xi. p. 377.—Jard. and Selb. Ill. Orn., vol. i. Gen. Ortya. Coturnix Virginiana, Bonnat. et Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., Part I. p. 219. Marilandica, \b., p. 220. Mexicana, Ib., p. 223. Perdix (Ortyx) Virginianus, Bonap. Syn., p. 124. [Virginian Ki Cs $ C NS a BRS NN \ IR DNS SNAP WN VEEN BS F\) A CE ee SFB aS r y DY YEE I) ARE PIT AE Ue ot El PTE SSNS RY pa IO i eg EH ( 5) — --— re : : ass Bs - . ENS J i ASS) ZA yA) Fa Pe PY RES A OF ee No ae Ly Xi INCI a SB SSC PI) A aa mee fe O et (LO — » fol Ixxvi.—lb. Orn. Bio., vol. i. p. 388. Viroinian Partridge, Aud. Birds of Am., vol. 1 8 . 8 , Ortyx Mexicana, Less. Traité d’Orn., p. 507. : Co nen American Partridge, Aud. Birds of Ami, @vO. vole v2 ps o: 1, Nutt. Me i. p. 647. American Partridge or Quail, Nutt. Man., vol. 1. p. ¢ : - . ( ‘ oS sae Y ; . R Onc ; i oi - : Viroiniana, G. R. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, TI oO ARAAALAARAAAAAAARRAAD AAR AAR AA A AA Cas Ortya i OA Ae eee ee eo \ 2 ‘ : . Tu E range f this w W spe S t S ; y : 5 t thr 3M { th ‘ hole of he nl ed States to Mexico. I have also seen specimens from Jan alca and some other ou © Wy the U t ) ) I i (eles 1k c c c been in roduc d 5 and VV 1 1 5 j y TeV c lant st ates ha it has e of he larger est Indian islands, into Ww hich, how ever, I nna c t i S { : various attempts to naturalize it in this country have also been made ; but for the want of sufficient pro- eer ; ; tection, and a larger number of birds being turned out at : time, oy cannot, as yet, be said to aa been successful: were these experiments, however, persevered in, oe is no cone they would: ultimately be crowned with success. Mr. Vigors stated at the first scientific meshing of the Zoological Society held in November 1830, that it had bred, and even become naturalized, in a : but I am not aware whether the bird is still to be found there, or whether, for the want of proper protection, it has become extirpated. “This species,” says Mr. Audubon, in his ‘ Birds of America,’ ‘ performs cceastonal migrations from north-west to south-east usually at the beginning of October. For a few weeks, at this season, the north- western shores of the Ohio are covered with flocks, which ramble through the woods along the margin of the stream, and generally fly across towards evening: the flight is rapid, and genarally performed at a short distance from the ground. When chased by dogs, or started by any other enemy, it flies to the middle branches of trees of ordinary size, along which it runs with ease, and where it remains until danger is over. The usual cry is a clear whistle composed of three notes ; the first and last nearly equal in length ; the latter less loud than the first, but more so than the intermediate one. It has, moreover, a love-call, which is louder and clearer than its other notes, and can be heard at the distance of several hundred yards : it con- sists of three distinct notes, the last two being loudest, and is peculiar to the male. The three together resemble the words.4h Bob White. The first note is a kind of aspiration, and the last is very loud and clear. This whistle is seldom heard after the breeding-season, during which an imitation of the peculiar note of the female will make the male fly towards the sportsman, who may then easily shoot it. In the middle districts the love-call of the male is heard about the middle of April, and in Louisiana much earlier. The male is then seen perched on a fence stake, or on the low branch of a tree, standing nearly in the same position for hours together and calling at intervals of a few minutes. Several males may be heard from different parts of a field challenging each other ; and should they meet on the ground, they fight with great courage and obstinacy, until the conqueror drives off his antagonist to another field. “The female prepares a nest composed of grasses, ar ranged in a circular form, leaving an entrance not unlike that of a common oven. It is placed at the foot of a tuft of rank grass or some close stalks of corn, and is partly sunk in the ground. The eggs are from ten to eighteen in number, rather pointed at the The male at times assists in hatching them. one brood in the year, unless the ege smaller end, and of a pure white. This species raises only 8 or the young while yet small have been destroyed. Should this happen, the female immediately pre pares another nest ; and should that also be ravaged, sometimes even a t] ir E hvac ne < > oft - ; f I : 1 nd The young run about the moment after they make their appearance, and follow their parents until spring, when, having acquired their full beauty, they pair and breed. cay jo 1 Gl er £ At night this species rests on the ground, either amongst the grass or duals that compose the flock for nearly in contact. under a bent log. The indivi- ards approach each other until their bodies are whole covey to take wing when suddenly alarmed, each ring with the rest. ommon dead-falls, traps m a ring, and moving backw This arrangement enables the flying off in a direct course without interfe ee ; : ut is easily caught in snares, ¢ and pens; many are shot, but the principal havoc is effected by means of nets. litre ordinary food consists of ground, along with which the have nearly attained the extremely agreeal seeds of various kinds y pick ir full size, tl sle to the palate Habitat, North Amer The Plate represe , and such berries as grow near the surface of the Up a quantity of sand or gravel. Towards autumn, when the young reir flesh becomes fat, Juicy and tender, and being moreover white and » 1S in much request,” ica and Mexico. nts a male, a female , and a brood of young birds, of the natural size. Ss NS SLD a Se ee ATi ce WP SON EE > [meu | img 3 2 on 4 NLU 0 eel LPS NCI) et AT ee ET ee EA OP FA A in aA eA ed a Pee em ORTYX CUBANENSIS, Gow. Cuban Partridge. SPECIFIC Cu ARACTER. Ort. loris, strigd superciliart, et gula albis ; pectore, et abdomine superrore nigro et castaneo variecatis ; lateribus rufis, guttarum serie albarum ornatis, his guttis oblongis, albis, nigro Oo 3 ee 2 (Ss) oS oO oO circumdatis, et ad marginem plumarum positis. Male.—Crown of the head, ear-coverts and chest black, the latter mottled with chestnut, and the black feathers on the sides of the neck having an oblong spot of white near the tip ; lores, stripe over the eye and throat white ; primaries grey ; tail blue-grey, minutely freckled with buff; scapularies and greater wing-coverts margined with buff; the centres of the feathers very dark brown, freckled with chestnut-brown ; back and upper tail-coverts very dark brown, freckled with chestnut-brown and grey; flanks rufous, with a row of white spots on the margin of each feather, separated from the rufous tint by marks of black, these black and white marks forming a series of irregular stripes down the sides; bill black ; feet flesh-colour. Female.—Lores, stripe over the eye and throat buff; the white marks on the sides of the neck in the male replaced by buff; crown of the head and ear-coverts brown; no black mark on the chest, the feathers being similar in colour to those of the abdomen, which differ from the same part in the male in being of a paler rufous, and in having transverse arrow-head- shaped markings of black and spots of buff; in other respects the plumage assimilates to that of the male, but is of a paler hue. Total length, 8 inches ; bell, +; wing, 43; tadl, 2%; tarsi, 1s; middle toe and nail, 14. Ortyx Vireinianus, D’Orb. in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. Nat. de Cuba, p. 182. Y 5S 3 5 ’ —— Cubanensis, Gould, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. ii. p. 514, Ortya, sp. 2. Tuar this bird is not identical with O. Virginianus, as it appears to have been considered by M. D’Orbigny, is, I think, evident from the much smaller size of the bill, the more extensive black colouring of the head, neck and chest, and the totally different markings of the flanks and abdomen ; it might be considered that the more southern climate of Cuba may have been the cause of a departure from the normal plumage of the United States bird, but such an opinion would be controverted by the fact, that specimens from Jamaica, an island lying still farther south, are precisely similar to the true O. Virginianus. A very fine specimen of this bird graces the Museum at Leyden, and two others are in the collection of the Zoological Society, one of which is a dusus nature, having some of the back feathers and the greater portion of the primaries white: they were brought direct from Cuba, and presented to the Society by W.S. Macleay, Esq. Habitat. The island of Cuba. The figures represent the two sexes of the natural size. = a KONA 47 I 3 4 5 Ilijll jm mn, HNLINUN 77 kV SVN SV LI LL RNS mel AT lM A MEDEA PS PA LT eee Sa ee aee ere ORTYX CASTANEUS, Gowda. Chestnut-coloured Partridge. SPECIFIC Cuar ACTER. Ort. fronte gulaque nigris ; lined superciliara alba obsoleta usque ad occiput ; pectore et lateribus suturaté castaneis ; plumis abdominalibus albis, nigro undatim fasciatis lateralibus, guttis albis supra nigro cinctis, ornates. Forehead and throat black ; an indistinct line of white runs over the eye to the occiput, above this another indistinct line of black; crown of the head, back of the neck, upper part of the back, shoulders, chest and flanks, deep rich chestnut; the feathers on the sides of the neck with a black stripe down the centre and an oblong patch of white down the outer web; the tertiaries and some of the scapularies margined with deep fawn-colour, bounded within by an indistinct line of black; these feathers are also crossed with indistinct bars and freckles of black; rump and upper tail-coverts rich chestnut, minutely freckled, barred and dotted with black; feathers on the centre of the abdomen white, marked with strong zigzag bars of black, changing into spots of white, bounded above by black on the flanks, all these marks being very brilliant; eyelash dark olive; irides dark reddish hazel; bill black ; legs yellowish white. Total length, 82 inches ; bell, vs; wing, 44; tail, 2t; tarsz, 14. Ortyx castanea, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part X. p. 182.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Y I y Birds, vol. i. p. 514, Ortya, sp. 4. Tur only example of this species that has come under my notice, I obtained in a living state at the sale of the Collection of the late Zoological Gardens at Manchester. I must admit that I have always had a suspicion that the individual in question had assumed some unnatural style of colouring, and that it was merely a variety of Ortyx Virginianus or O. Cubanensis ; but the rich chestnut colouring of the body, the black colouring of the forehead and throat, and the conspicuous markings of the sides and abdomen, are characters so different from what are observable in those species, that I have no other alternative than to describe and figure it as distinct. In size, too, it somewhat exceeds both the birds above-mentioned. Habitat; at present unknown. The figures are of the natural size. x3 ES 5 ry 2 oS AY” C ae noms a $2 ” ~~ S) eee A A 1 EKA YS CE NS S's Ax NN -s 0) Zax OS Ae UF Bees a 1 Za DEE DIM, eee SU ae 2 Ned APs hs a | i A ae Pt f) & 1 ) i k NS f Ch) $3 au Pet iS : zi dies) = Sh 2, / Ws Nas am om 4 <9 nul eT NOS) es Aa BO SBS LOE ELEN ARN TNA SLA BEY DiS al APSE PL ALEE FBS andl LL ORTYX NIGROGULARIS, Gouwid. Black-throated Partridge. Specitric CHARACTER. Ort. gulé nigra ; pectore et abdomine albis, singulis plumis ad apicem lunulam nigram exhiben- tebus. Crown and all the upper surface rich brown; margins of the tertiaries and wing-coverts fawn- colour; these feathers are also crossed with indistinct zigzag lines, freckles and blotches of black and blackish brown; primaries greyish brown; tail deep bluish grey, the centre feathers and the external margins of the remainder freckled with reddish brown and buff; a black stripe commencing at the base of the bill passes over the eye to the occiput; above this a stripe of white ; below the eye a white line from the base of the bill to the ear-coverts, down the sides of the neck, and encircling the throat, which is jet-black ; feathers of the chest and abdomen white, margined with a zone of black which is narrow on the chest, and broad and distinct on the abdomen, giving the under surface a scaly PN fe Co appearance ; flanks, thighs and under tail-coverts sandy chestnut, the centre of each of the, flank-feathers white ; bill black; feet flesh-white. Total length, 8 inches; bell, vs; wing, 4¢; tarl, 27; tarse, 1; meddle toe and nazé, 14. Ortyx nigrogularis, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part X. p. 181.—List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., Part III. p. 44. Numerous living examples of this pretty and strongly marked species have lately been imported into this country, some of which having passed into the possession of the Earl of Derby, have upon more than one occasion bred in his Lordship’s aviary at Knowsley. As its habits in confinement very much resemble those of the Ortyx Virginianus, and doubt not that in a state of nature they are also very similar. It is very com- mon in Honduras and Yucatan, where Mr. Dyson informs me it frequents the pine ridges, moves about in coveys, and lays from eight to ten white eggs in the months of July and August. Its note, like that of its northern ally, resembles the words “‘ Bob-White.” In the “ Boston Journal of Natural History,” vol. iv. p. 460, I find the following remarks on this species by Dr. Samuel Cabot, Jun. :—* This bird is the same as the Ortyx discovered by me in Yucatan, when on a visit to that country in company with Mr. Stephens, and mentioned by me in a memorandum of the birds of Yucatan which he published in the Appendix to his second volume of ‘ Incidents of Travel in Yucatan,’ p. 474. The mention I there made of it is very slight, and hardly sufficient to constitute any right of priority; besides which, I could not wish the name altered, as it is very well chosen, indicating the most marked feature in the appearance of the bird. But as Mr. Gould has only met with one specimen and that the dried skin of a full-plumaged male, I have thought it worth while to give as full a description of the history and habits of this bird, as a residence of seven months in their native country would enable me to do, together with descriptions of the plumage of the female and young. «In reading works relating to the discovery and conquest of Yucatan by the Spaniards, we see mention made of the sacrifices of quails offered by the natives to their idols; sometimes the blood only was offered, and sometimes the whole body. The bird there alluded to is undoubtedly the Ortyx nigrogularis, as this is the only bird called Codorniz or Quail by the Spanish residents of the country. The Oryx mgrogularis its note and habits is precisely similar to the O. Virginianus. ‘They whistle the Bob-White in the spring : their covey-call in the autumn and winter is so precisely the same, that they readily answered when I whistled the call of our quail; and if I had previously scattered the covey, I could always find them in this way. They feed on similar food, and roost in the same way ; they also sometimes alight on trees, as our quail. These birds are taken by the Indian boys, in traps similar to those used in taking our quail, and brought alive in great numbers to the markets of the large towns of Yucatan. The throat of the young male is light-coloured, nearly white, and it resembles very closely the young O. Virginianus. It does not get its full plumage till late in winter. I have the skin of a young male among my specimens which has light-coloured feathers among the black of the throat; this specimen was killed in the latter part of the month of oo Ay A Vex Za ee lee ES ee ey EY od. Ss ee A (He — J d P yee A KON Aas 33 = a reat number, with more or less light colour ‘] ats. T ) g on their throats. . The December, at which time I killed Béch, the e pronounced with a guttural sound. Maya or Indian name of this bird is f neck, back, rum > talaowatis Glad : ck, back, rump, upper tail-coverts dark brown, with buff, « The female has the top of the head, back o edges of wing-coverts very light buff, almost white ; throat, chin, line extending across the forehead, and between the bill and eyes to cheek, line over eyes, along superciliary ridges to nape, deep buff or yellowish brown ; feathers of the breast, flanks and belly not fringed with here as in the male, but having light reddish colour at the part next the quill, then a pointed mark of very ae . ? ath ack, then a large spot of very light buff on some feathers white, then a The light spots on the breast are smaller than those on the abdomen dark brown on flank-feathers; under tail-coverts nearly white, with ’ reddish brown and black intermixed ; brown on some feathers almost bl slight tip of dark brown on margin. There are large spots of reddish and a lanceolate spot of dark brown or black along the middle of each; legs light flesh-coloured ; primaries ash- brown; eyes of both male and female hazel.” Habitat. Honduras and Yucatan. yy The figures are those of two males and a female of the natural size. > a VkAl Al] 4] y i . af (mia fe aq e as EAS Fi (\ \ \ \ \ f i) i fl B= NL MEA NL IT NEON RE MME BN ad PON Loma PN ESL EOD ll LER ca OR LEE RNA el LP aT LRN aL eieanas ey i : j - é - . ; : i a > Z - WV ASS SOS Lae LLL SF LLB EFL OEE EEE LOE ST rT Ba NEE EP NIT Sd ee eee a C re TB) SOR? Zi ZS a ORTYX PECTORALI Ss, Gould. Black-breasted Partridge. Sprcirric CHARACTER. Ort. lined angusté alba frontali super oculos et per nucham ducta ; guld alba ; pectore nigris ; abdomine, lateribus et crisso, cervinis. Crown of the head and back of the neck blackish brown; a narrow stripe of white crosses the forehead, passes over the eye, and extends down the back of the neck below the occiput ; i ear-coverts, sides of the neck and chest, black ; throat white ; abdomen, flanks and under tail-coverts fawn-colour ; the tips of the feathers on the lower part of the flanks spotted with black and white; the upper part of the back, scapularies and shoulders chestnut- brown ; wing-coverts, tertiaries, back and upper tail-coverts greyish brown ; all the feathers of the upper surface margined and speckled with very light fawn-colour, which on the secondaries assumes the form of distinct bars; in addition to these marks, the scapularies, secondaries, back and rump are minutely freckled with brown; the strongly contrasted markings giving all the upper surface a bespangled appearance ; primaries brownish grey ; tail-feathers bluish grey, some of them freckled on the margin with buff; bill black; feet flesh-white. Total length, 8 inches; bz/l,2; wing, 4; tadl, 275; tars, 1+; middle toe and nazal, 12. Ortyx pectoralis, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part X. p. 182; Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. in. p. 514, Ortya, sp. 6. ‘T'urs well-defined species of Ortyx is a native of Mexico, but what particular province it inhabits I am unable to say: it is a smaller bird than O. Cubanensis, and differs from that species in the total absence of any marks on the flanks and abdomen, which are of uniform fulvous. It is a rare bird in the European collections, but there is a fine example in the Museum of the Earl of Derby, and a tolerably good one in that of Leyden: it is from these individuals that my figures were taken. The Earl of Derby’s bird was living in his fine Aviary in 1840. Habitat. Mexico. The figures represent males of the natural size; I am unacquainted with the female. an See RESTA EN ees Rae pins KY } = ot ~ SI D yi } 8 yy ba | Et x ay \ aS > | CG \ way ob yy CTY io SSS EN ll 5 ALO) MUU ma TM 3 iftl jm ons HIA}UINNANI ry) Os i Pali } : { OTT Ee ee a oe ears D/A EN. LD NMR NL aS ME BL rT A mel PN eA EDT Sl LPO coor Le ape t LPS I a AMR ad RA Pm ORTYX COYOLCOS. Coyolcos Partridge. Sprciric CHARACTER. Ort. gula nigra, pectore, et corpore enfertore castaneo-rufis. Forehead, sides of the neck and throat black; over and behind the eye an obscure line of buffy white; back of the neck chestnut-brown, with oblong spots of white; upper sur- face reddish brown, each feather crossed with dark brown, and spotted on the margin with buffy white ; primaries brown; tail slate-grey, the centre feathers freckled with white ; chest and all the under surface chestnut-red ; bill black; feet fleshy brown. Total length, 71 inches; bell, -»,; wing, 3z; tail, 22; tarst, 11; meddle toe and nail, 1-3,. Perdix Coyolcos, Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. u. p. 653 ’—Bonn. et Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., Part I. Pp Qo? Tetrao Coyolcos, Gmel. Syst., vol. 1. p. 763 ? Coturnia Mexicana, Briss. Orn., tom. i. p. 256.—Ib. 8vo Edit., tom. i eels Coyolcozque, seu Cali sonals, Ray, Syn. Av., p. 158? Coturnix Indica, Willoughby, Orn., p. 304? Le Coyolcos, Buff. Ois., tom. i. p. 486 2 Lesser Mexican Quail, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. iv. p. 786 ?—Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. vill, p. 327? Ortyx Coyolcos, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. ui. p. 514, Oriya, sp. 3. Coyolcozque of the Mexicans. Tuts is one of the least and one of the rarest species of Ortyz with which I am acquainted ; its jet-black throat, the deep and uniform chestnut colouring of its under surface, and the nearly obsolete line of buffy white which surmounts the eye, serve at once to distinguish it from all its congeners ; it is moreover characterized by the possession of a small and short crest, not well shown in my drawing, but which is very apparent when erected. Occasionally specimens occur without a trace of the line over the eye, that part being black like the throat. Although I have figured this bird as identical with the Perdiv Coyolcos of Latham and the older authors, their descriptions are so indefinite that it is byno means certain that such is the case. Habitat. Mexico; locality Tabasco, according to the label attached to a fine specimen obligingly lent to me by M. Le Viscomte DuBus of Brussels, in the Royal Museum of which city it may be seen. The figures are of the natural size; one of them may represent the female, with which sex I am unac- quainted. ee NO) co) ca VA ae 2° as > i ae ae Dp EE NAC Za Z RD £ () { Bon ‘ee at ee q i : ry / i ) ( ; yi Bel a" ‘a 23° 5 igi 4 IH HVT}LITTIMIMN TE a Ps ee HINT aN Fe OM OES ee ae ae ons F eA ETNA EEA NEA OES AED ET — CYRTONYX MASSENA. Massena’s Partridge. Sprcorric CHARACTER. Cyrt. pectore abdomineque medio castanevs, lateribus corporis nigrescenti-gTisers, maculis albis guttatis, phomarum dorsi rachiis longitudinaliter fulco striatis. Male.—Head ornamented with a full crest inclining backwards, and forming a thick tuft at the occiput of a uniform buffy brown ; feathers of the crown buff, transversely marked with black ; sides of the head white, interrupted by a narrow stripe of black, which, commencing at the base of the bill, passes upward and curves over the eyes; another stripe of black takes its rise from the same point, passes beneath the eye, and then descends abruptly down the side of the neck; ear-coverts, centre of the throat and a crescent-shaped mark bounding the white below, black ; upper surface sandy brown, transversely barred with black, each feather with a narrow stripe of buff down the centre ; wing-coverts and tertiaries bufly brown, barred transversely with broad oblong spots of black ; primaries dark brown, the outer webs crossed with markings of buff; centre of the chest and abdomen deep chestnut ; flanks for their entire length sooty black, each feather ornamented with a double row of nearly round spots of white; vent, thighs and under tail-coverts black ; upper mandible black; under mandible horn-colour ; legs bluish flesh-colour. Female.—A\\ the upper surface sandy brown, transversely barred with black, and a con- spicuous stripe of buff down ithe centre of each feather; throat dull white ; an indica- tion of the black crescent-shaped mark on the lower part of the neck ; under surface vinaceous ; flanks in some specimens uniform, in others crossed by minute zigzag markings and freckles of black. Total length, 72 inches; Szl/,1; wing, 44; tars, 12; middle toe and nal, 12. 5 3 > x9 Wy Ba) aca 9 43 Ortyx Massena, Less. Cent. de Zool., p. 189.—Ib. Ill. de Zool., texte de pl. 52. ——— Montezuma, Vig. in Zool. Journ., vol. v. p. 975.—Jard. and Selb. Ill. Orn., vol. iil. pl. 126.—Bonap. in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part V. p. 114.—Natt. MSS. Odontophorus Meleagris, Wag). Isis, 1832, p. 277. Perdix perspicillata, Licht. in Mus. Berlin. e Srverat years have now elapsed since I became possessed of a collection of birds from Mexico, among which were specimens of what I conceive to be both sexes of this extraordinarily marked species, and I have since seen others in the Royal Museum of Berlin, and in that of the Prince Massena at Paris. The first-mentioned specimens now form part of the collection of the Zoological Society of London, in whose -\= ®, aviary in the Regent’s Park another individual was living for some time. No account whatever has yet reached us of the habits and economy of this species, which, judging from the comparative shortness of its toes and the great development of its claws, we may expect to be different from those of the other members of the family. The male is rendered exceedingly conspicuous by the singular disposition of the markings of the face, which are very strongly contrasted, and forcibly remind one of the painted face of the clown in a pantomime; the female on the other hand is very different in colour, and in the markings of the upper surface closely resembles the Common Quail of Europe. Habitat, Mexico. I am indebted to the kindness of Prince Massena for the loan of a fine specimen of this bird, from which my figure of the male was taken. The Plate represents a male and a female of the natural size. CYRTONYX OCELLATUS, Gowda. Ocellated Partridge. Speciric CHARACTER. Cyrt. abdomine medio pallidé castaneo ; laterihbus inferiortbus splendidé castaners transversim nigro fasciatis ; corporis superioris plumis singulis lined lata centrali ad apicem latiore ornatis: Bill black, strong and arched; top of the head, which is slightly crested, blackish brown; a large white mark extends over each eye and passes on to the back part of the neck; be- neath the eye is an oval mark of bluish black ; from the base of the lower mandible extends another white mark which spreads upon the front of the neck and is bounded by an abrupt margin of black; a large patch of the latter colour occupies the chin and throat; the general colour of the whole of the upper surface is brownish olive, each feather having a decided central line of chestnut following the direction of the shaft and becoming spatulate at the tip; the web of each feather is transversely barred and blotched with black; the chest and abdomen are sandy chestnut, becoming more intense on the under tail-coverts ; sides of the chest and flanks transversely spotted with yellowish white on a bluish grey ground ; thighs black ; tail very short and partly hidden; tarsi brown. Total length, 6: inches; bzd/, ; wing, 41; taal, —; tarsi, 11; middle toe and nail, 11. Ortyx ocellatus, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part IV. p. 75. Two examples of this bird are all that have come under my notice; of these, the one from which my description was taken is in the Museum of the Zoological Society of London, and the other, an exceedingly fine specimen, in that of the Jardin des Plantes. It is very nearly allied to the Cyrtonyx Massena, but differs from that species in having the black marks on the face larger and more conspicuous, in the brighter chestnut of the lower part of the abdomen, and in the stripes down the centres of the feathers of the upper surface being chestnut instead of buff; it differs also in the greater development of the secondaries and tertiaries, which are so much lengthened, that when the wing is closed the tail is scarcely distinguishable. I regret to say that nothing whatever is known of its history. Habitat. Guatemala. The figures are of the natural size. oy xy ENS SI) | Fan AA AW = de EA an UZ | S SS A PX GO/Z OM, be) YE te fe, LS 5 frie /F 5 IIT 4 IA) IIMIM y 7 om 4 HAITI EUPSYCHORTYX CRISTATUS. Crested Partridge. SprecrFic CHARACTER. a , A “7 . . A . . . . eS Eup. lined supercihart nigra; gutture pallide fulvo, pectore albo guttato, guttis singulis posticé nigro marginatrs. Male.—Forehead, crest and throat buff; ear-coverts white; a broad black mark above and another below the ear-coverts; sides of the breast strongly marked with black and white ; mantle finely freckled with reddish brown, buff and black; centre of the back and scapularies blotched and freckled with chestnut-grey and black ; the feathers bordered, particularly the tertiaries, with buff; primaries light brown; tail grey, minutely freckled and barred with zigzag lines of buff and brown; chest spotted with white posteriorly, bounded with black, on a reddish chestnut ground ; abdomen rusty orange-red ; the lower part crossed with a few indistinct bars of red ; flank-feathers white at the base, crossed by broad bars of black, tipped with buffy orange, and with a line of orange-red in the direction of the stem; bill black ; irides brown; feet greyish white. Female.—Forehead, crown, crest and ear-coverts brown ; throat and line above the ear-coverts greyish white; tail strongly barred with zigzag lines of black; centre of the abdomen buffy white ; the remainder of the plumage very similar to that of the male, but the markings not so well defined, and the flanks, which are dull light buff, destitute of spots. Total length, 71 inches; dill, +; wing, 4; tail, 21; tarse, 11; maddle toe and nail, 1:. 4? Tetrao cristatus, Linn. Syst. Nat., vol. i. p. 277. —Gmel. Syst. Nat., vol. i. p. 765. Perdix cristata, Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. ii. p. 652.—Temm. Pig. et Gall., tom. iii. pp. 446 and 736. Coturnix Mexicana cristata, Briss. Orn., tom. 1. p. 260. tab. 25. fig. 2.—Id. 8vo, tom. i. p. 72. —Gerin., tom. iii. pl. 246. Coturnix Indica, Ray, Syn., p. 158.—Will. Orn., p. 304. Zonecolin, Buff. Ois., tom. 11. p. 485.—Ib. Sonn. Edit., tom. vu. p. 118. Caille huppée du Meaique, Buff. Pl. Enl., 126. fig. 1. Crested Quail, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. iv. p. 784.—Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. viii. p. 329. Coturnix cristata, Bonn. et Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., Part I. p. 222. pl. 96. fig. 4. Ortyx Temminckii, Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xi. p. 381. Ortyx cristata, Jard. and Selb. Ill. Orn., vol. i. Gen. Ortyw.—Less. Traité d’Orn., p. 508.— Ib. Ill. de Zool., texte de pl. 52. Ortyx neoxenus, Vig.in Proc. of Comm. of Sci. of Zool. Soc., Part I. p. 3.—Aud. Syn., p. 200. Ib. Birds of Am., vol. iv. pl. 423. fig. 3. female——Benn. Gard. and Menag. of Zool. Soc., vol. u. p. 311. Perdix neoxenus, Aud. Orn. Bio., vol. v. p. 228. Welcome Partridge, Aud. Birds of Am., 8vo, vol. v. p. 71. pl. 292. Ortyx cristatus, List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., Part HI. p. 44. Iv will be seen from the long list of synonyms given above that this species has been included in the works of nearly every writer on ornithology; yet, strange to say, in no instance has any account been given of its habits and manners, and I regret that although it is one of the species most commonly met with, I cannot myself communicate any information on those points. Numerous living examples have from time to time adorned our menageries, and in all probability it might with suitable care be readily naturalized in Britain ; at all events if our island should prove too cold for it, there can be no doubt that it would thrive in the warmer countries of Europe, such as Spain, the south of France and similar localities. It is one of the prettiest members of the genus, and is very sprightly and animated in all its actions. The living examples from which Mr. Vigors took his description of Ortyx neoxenus proved on examination after death to be all females, and upon carefully comparing them with females of this species, received direct from Mexico, I have no doubt of their identity ; hence I have placed his name among the synonyms of this bird. Habitat. Mexico. The Plate represents the two sexes of the natural size. oe t SL» eH one® aaa? Oy, Pr ASS i OE NOS) eto PASM) AB i 7s to NS ae ee BX. Ve Cee YN wa Ow — iaieeceliiaiei=ee encima a Ne ES —- ieee SS ee E/N A IT MANA AOR MB BA A ANd A A EN a ESSA A ETA EE ON EES ESA aE ape SE SSSR ee, ey PRE Ee ee Ry A AZ (} Se r AT WA aA WY Wa 808 ZN BR oe BOS. aw AS; WT (7) y/\ VN orf) AB 2) N39 ah jw \ 7S a \ tie cH j 3 LE, = SS Nhl GD lly — ( Ws ay. D/O ft OT SE IS MEA BON: Se EUPSYCHORTYX PARVICRISTATUS, Goud. Short-crested Partridge. Sprorric CHARACTER. Eups. cristae plumis brevibus, rectis, ad apicem rotundatis, fuscts ; plumis auricularibus fuscrs ; pectore vinaceo vel rubescenti-cinereo, et fusco minutissime guttato. Male.- —Crest short, straight, light brown tipped with buff; forehead buff; throat and a broad stripe down each side of the head, above and behind the eye, rusty red; ear-coverts brown ; collar surrounding the neck, narrow in front and broad behind, black, spotted with white and stained with chestnut; centre of the back, between the shoulders, minutely freckled grey, brown and black; remainder of the back blackish brown, each feather freckled on the margin with grey; scapularies freckled grey and brown, and ornamented on their inner webs with large patches of dark brown; wing-coverts freckled, and with a large spot of dark brown and another of white near the extremity of each feather ; primaries light brown fringed with greyish white, and a few indistinctly barred with freckles of the same on their outer webs; tail brown, crossed by narrow freckled bands of whitish and darker brown; across the breast a band of greyish red blotched with a darker tint; breast rufous, each feather with six spots of light buff encircled with dark brown, the spots gradually increasing in size on the flanks and lower part of the abdomen, and the rufous tint changing into blackish brown; vent buff; under tail-coverts like the abdomen, but the markings less distinct ; bill black ; feet black. Female.—Crown of the head and crest very dark brown, the tips of the latter reddish brown ; throat and stripe over the eye sandy buff, streaked with black ; feathers of the chest buff at the tip and crossed in the middle with an arrow-shaped mark of black; flanks spotted as in the male, but less brilliant ; the upper surface is also similar but paler. Total length, 8 inches ; bill, 1; wing, 33; tazl, 22; tarsi, 11; middle toe and nail, 11. Ortyx parvicristatus, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part XI. p. 106.—List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., Part III. p. 44. a much larger size, and may, moreover, be distin- Tus species is very nearly allied to E. Sonninii, but is of by the short, straight, broad and flat form guished from that bird by the brown colour of the ear-coverts, of its crest-feathers, and by the bolder style of the markings of the flanks. been imported into this country, but nothing has yet been recorded of its habits or economy. Numerous examples have lately Habitat. The Columbian Andes. The figures represent the two sexes of the natural size. REET OI EP rae es = =<. WY y Dey KW A OK Wa = ee a a : oe rat cl at * Er Pa Ct ikl HNCUAVLAVAYUALGLATTTOAT TATTLE S Y 7 Ms " 2, <= CN ia> SP Es) 7 a A» > By) N = FE A va DME Nees : VE ro (srw. Be LIE by) cS KUPSYCHORTYX LEUCOPOGON. White-faced Partridge. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Eups. facie, strigd superciliart, et gula albis plumis auricularibus fuscts ; pectore sparsum, late- ribus conspicué, guttis rotundatis albis, notatis, super colorem pallidé castaneum. Face, stripe over the eye and throat white; crest and ear-coverts brown; back of the neck rufous brown; sides of the neck spotted with black and white; chest vinaceous or reddish brown, minutely freckled with black and irregularly spotted with white encircled with black ; abdomen and flanks chestnut, ornamented with large spots of buffy white separated by black; mantle and all the upper surface vinous chestnut-red, freckled and crossed with zigzag lines of black and buff; tertiaries broadly margined interiorly with buff; tail grey, crossed with zigzag markings of buff and freckled with the same colour ; bill black; feet fleshy brown. x1 , Total length, 7+ inches; Sell, 1; wing, 4; tail, 21; tarsz, 11; meddle toe and nail, 12. EEesyy Ortyx leucopogon, Less. Rev. de Zool., 1842, p. 175.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. ili. p. 514, Ortyx, sp. 12.—O. des Murs, Icon. Orn., pl. 36. SVE UY pre rere rye rg ey Tus species is distinguished from every other member of the genus Eupsychortya by its white face and throat, and the peculiar spotted markings of the chest. I am indebted to the Baron de la Fresnaye for the use of the specimen from which the above characters are taken; it is the only one that has come under my notice. The bird has been figured by M. O. des Murs in his “ Iconographie Ornithologique’ tion of the crest, an omission I cannot account for, as it was very apparent in the specimen above referred ? without any indica- eee ree epee to, and is moreover a character common to all the species of the genus. Habitat. San Carlos in Central America. The figures represent males of the natural size; the female I have never seen. a) t mas Dez ay I NSE US TARA RO } ry SZ NO OEE EA 7 EADY) oe) iy cad pa DT OE IRS ap fl 5 ft is N s a Fy Re t i rs) es Re | a fl BR u ] yet f Ae | © ' { 5 \ i } 3 a } ray / t { S = iA \ X = ) A . =| f iS) aa } : foo } | 2IACG IAT " 7 a omy UAAUUNAUUN PHILORTYX FASCIATUS, Gouwia. Fasciated Partridge. Sprciric CHARACTER. Phil. criste plumes elongatis, mgris, apicibus fuscis ; pectore et abdomine fascits transversis nigris atque albis, conspicue notatis ; uropygio et cauda cinerers fasciis interruptis nigris atque cinereo-albis transversem undulatis. Forehead reddish brown; crest deep brownish black, tipped with reddish brown; chin greyish white ; ear-coverts brown; sides and back of the head light brown, minutely freckled with darker brown and white; all the upper surface greyish brown, minutely freckled with darker brown and white, the coverts and scapularies passing into black towards the extremity of each feather, and crossed at the tip with a narrow band of buff; tail similarly marked, but browner than the upper surface and crossed by numerous freckled irregular double bars of dark brown and greyish white ; primaries brown, with lighter edges ; all the under surface brownish black, each feather crossed at the tip with a broad band of pure white, which, becoming gradually wider on the centre of the abdomen, leaves that part white; on the breast the white marks are very faint, and the feathers are tinged with rufous; thighs buff; under tail-coverts light buff, with two blackish brown spots down the centre of each feather; bill black; feet flesh-colour. Total length, 8:inches; dill, 3; wing, 41; tail, 3; tarsi, 11; meddle toe and nail, 13. Ortyx fasciatus, Natt. MSS.—Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soc., Part XI. p. 133. Tuis is certainly one of the most interesting members of the group that has lately been discovered ; being not only a very elegant and beautiful bird in itself, but rendered remarkably distinct from every other species of the family by the totally different style of its markings, and by the broad and truncated form of its feathers, which much resemble those of some of the Tree Grouse (genus Bonasa). I am indebted to the kindness and liberality of His Highness The Prince Massena, of Paris, and of the Chevalier Du Bus of Brussels, for the loan of the beautiful examples from which my figures were taken. I learn from the last letter received from my lamented friend Mr. John Natterer, that a specimen had been purchased by him in Berlin, and now doubtless forms part of the Imperial Collection at Vienna. Habitat. Mexico. The figures are of the natural size. NN RN HNO apace ETE RNAI AON yi a By setae sedad dessa tase taal io? sine nm 5 N ITT TT 4 t)LITTM 2 7 | any HALUUUAUUN ny ae NO Del, NYS AES (E CALLIPEPLA PICTA. Plumed Partridge. Spectric CHARACTER. Call. capite, plumes duabus elongatis, et gracilibus cristum pendentem ngram efficientibus ornato ; Zs 4 *, > ya 5 . guld saturate castanea, ad latera albo marginata, pectore cinereo ; abdomine splendide castaneo fascis nigris et fulors transversem notato. Head ornamented with two long slender arched black feathers, rising from the vertex and inclining towards the back ; crown of the head, back of the neck and chest deep ash-grey ; throat deep chestnut, bounded on the sides by a line of white, and immediately beneath the eye by a smaller streak of black ; lores dull white; all the upper surface olive-brown ; tail brown, freckled with a darker tint; primaries brown, margined with a lighter tint ; sides and abdomen deep chestnut, the outer line of feathers above edged with white; on each side of the abdominal line the feathers are strongly and elegantly marked with alter- nate bands of black and white. Total length, 9s inches; bz/, 3; weng, 52; tail, 31; tarsi, 12; middle toe and nav, 1s. Ortyx picta, Doug. in Linn. ‘Trans., vol. xvi. p. 167.—Vig. in Zool. Journ., vol. iv. p. 490.— Less. Ill. de Zool., texte de pl. 52.—Jard. and Selb. [ll. Orn., vol. 1. Gen. Ortyx. Ortyx plumifera, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part V. p. 42.—Ib. in Icones Avium. Perdix plumifera, Aud. Birds of Am., vol. iv. pl. 422. figs. 1 and 2.—Ib. Orn. Bio., vol. v. p. 226. Plumed Partridge, Aud. Birds of Am., 8vo, vol. v. p. 69. pl. 291. For the discovery of this highly ornamental species we are indebted to the researches of the late Mr. David Douglas, in whose baggage three specimens were found after his lamented and untimely death. It will be seen by the synonyms given above, that I some years since characterized this bird under the name of Ortyx plumifera, not being at the time aware that Mr. Douglas had previously described a bird of this genus (from first journey) in the sixteenth volume of the “ Linnean Transactions” under the bability is identical with the present species. Although his ar with the birds characterized by me, and which are in the iption is intended for the the notes made during his appellation of Ortyx picta, which in all pro description does not accord in every particul collection of the Zoological Society, little doubt remains on my mind that his descr present bird: I therefore retain his name of picta, and allow that of plumifera to sink into a synonym. «From October until March,” says Mr. Douglas, ‘“ these birds congregate in vast flocks, and seem to - dreadful conflicts ensue between the males, which not unfrequently live in a state of almost perpetual warfare 5 end in the destruction of one or both combatants, if we may judge from the number of dead birds daily seen plucked, mutilated and covered with blood. When feeding they move in compact bodies, each individual ing to outdo his neighbour in obtaining the prize. The voice is Quick-quick-quick, pronounced ntle suspension of the voice between each syllable. At such times, or when surprised, the ard over the beak, and the reverse when retreating, being brought backwards and laid quite close on the back. Their favourite haunts are dry upland or undulating in open woods, or coppice thickets of the interior; but during the severity of winter, when the ground 1s ks to the more temperate places in the immediate vicinity of endeavour slowly, with a ge crest is usually thrown forw gravelly or sandy soils covered with snow, they migrate in large floc Ree EN Se | 3 a 4 :] wy erm Re eee ee eve ms LINO er etre aa, eee the ocean. Seeds of Bromus altissimus, Madia sativa, and a tribe of plants allied to Wedelia, catkins of Corylus, leaves of Fragaria, and various insects are their commpn food. Nest on the ground in thickets of Pteris, Aspidium, Rubus, Rhamnus, and Ceanothus, neatly built with grass and dry ea secreted with so much caution, that without the help of a dog they can hardly be found. Eggs 11 to 15, yellowish white, with minute brown spots; large in proportion to the bird. Pair in March. Common in the interior of California, and during the summer months extending as far northward as 45° north latitude, that is, within a few miles of the Columbian valley. Several pairs, male and female, which I prepared with great care in the interior of California, in November 1826, I had the misfortune (too painful to dwell upon) to lose, with a multitude of treasures, botanical and zoological, crossing one of the rapid tributary streams of the river Multnomah, near its source in the mountains, on my return northwards. On this occasion I lost the labour of fifty-four days of fatigue and anxiety, the too frequent attendants of such undertakings.” Mr. Douglas states that the female differs from the male in having the head and breast light fuscous brown, the middle of the feathers black ; the crest half an inch long; the throat whitish or light grey; the belly light grey waved with black, less bright than the male, and the under coverts of the tail foxy-red ; but after due consideration of the subject I am of opinion that this must be the description of the female of some other bird, or that the O. picta of Mr. Douglas must be distinct from the birds here represented, the smaller of which I am induced to regard as a female, in consequence of her being less brilliant in all her markings, and having a much shorter crest ; indeed it is only my desire to secure to this gentleman, who has done so much in the cause of science, all the merit that may be due to him, that induces me to treat his ie P cl 7 - a z F + r b O. picta as identical with my O. plumifera, and to retain his name in preference to my own. Habitat, California. The figures are of the natural size, ON) \ Err - - Si) Ty I) ae ZF ES BETES Lf 37 — ——_ 5 TUMTyOOTATTH ANTE mg (AMhtL 2 (ULIUUT UN = kN TODA TNL A RESE: Ved s ry P ce) YA pte Cos PA = CALLIPEPLA CALIFORNICA. Californian Partridge. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. . 0 A A * A 5 : 7 . A . ‘. « Call. capite crista plen& nigra, super rostrum acclinatd ornato ; gula nigra albo circumdata, collo posticée et ad latera plumbeo, singulis plumis nigro marginatis, et ad apicem albo guttatis ; abdomine superiore fulvo, medio castaneo, singulis plumis lunula nigra aprcali. iE Oe eee ee ee ee eee Male.—Forehead straw-colour, with a very fine line of black down the centre of each feather ; throat deep velvety black, encircled from the posterior angle of the eye with a broad line of white ; across the head and passing down behind the eye another line of white, bounded posteriorly by black; occiput umber-brown; crest deep velvety black; feathers of the back and sides of the neck lanceolate in form, and of a blue-grey bordered all round with black, and with a minute spot of white at the extremity of each; back, rump, upper tail- and wing-coverts olive-brown ; tertiaries edged with buff, narrowly on their outer webs and broadly on their inner ones ; tail grey ; chest blue-grey ; upper part of the abdomen rich buff, centre of the abdomen chestnut, all the feathers with a crescent-shaped line of EVEN black at the extremity ; flank-feathers olive-brown, with a line of bufly white down the centre, and a second broader, oblique line of buff on the outer web of each; under tail- coverts sandy buff, with a broad stripe of greyish brown down the centre of each ; bill black ; feet grey. Female.—Forehead dirty white, streaked with brown; crest brownish grey ; feathers of the abdomen buffy white, with a crescent-shaped mark of black at the tip; feathers of the sides and back of the neck less decidedly marked; under surface destitute of the buff and Laer Pe ee ere yee eg eae ied Lea ere ees VV Ak i chestnut markings which are so conspicuous in the male. Total length, 9: inches; bzl/, 1+; wing, 41; tail, 4; tarsi, 11; middle toe and nal, 12. Ee Ue. Crested Partridge of New California, La Pér. Voy., vol. 1. p. 201. Perdix Californica, Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp., pl. lxii—Temm. Pig. et Gall., p. 738. Californian Quail, Lath. Gen. Syn. Supp., p- 281.—Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. vin. p. 328. Tetrao Californica, Shaw, Nat. Misc., pl. 345. Ortyx Californica, Steph. Cont, of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xi. p. 384.— Less. Ill. de Zool., texte de pl. 52.—Aud. Birds of Am., vol. iv. pl. 418. Ortyx Californicus, Less. Cent. de Zool., p. 188. pl. 60.—Benn. Gard. and Menag. of Zool. Soc., vol. u. p. 29. Coturnia Californica, Vieill., 2nd Edit. du Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., tom. xxv. p. 259.—lb. Ency. Méth. Orn., Part I. p. 367. | Ortyx Californica? Jard. and Selb. Ill. Orn., vol. i. Gen. Ortyx. Lophortyx Californica, Bonap. List of Birds of Eur. and Am., p. 42.—G. R. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, 2nd Edit., p. 80. Tuts species, which is second to no member of the group in beauty, is rendered remarkable by the peculiar form of the crest, which, rising in a fine pot a CDi Re t the vertex of the head, gradually increases in breadth uw Rive " wes ee nD j 7 ORY. IK VAAL AG ae SS Ft AD PE AY ee, F F Pa al NL |) ae BEPNF Sa A Aa Tareas a a a a a ye 7 ms iS towards the tip, where it assumes a curled form and moreover inclines forwards over the bill; it is also c x J , 9 , , conspicuous for the contrasted style of its markings. is Until of late years this bird was one of the greatest rarities of our vollecthoms, but is now becoming more common. As I have nothing to add to the interesting account of it given by my lamented friend the late E. T. Bennett, Esq., in the second of his admirable volumes on the Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society, I cannot do better than quote his own words. «For the first notice of these beautiful birds we are indebted to the editor of the Voyage of the -unfortunate La Pérouse, who gave a figure of them in the Atlas to that work, merely mentioning in the text that they were plentiful in the low woods and plains of California, where they assembled in bands of two or three hundred, and became fat and well-flavoured. Preserved skins were about the same time brought to England by Mr. Archibald Menzies, who accompanied Vancouver in his expedition round the world, and who returned to Europe rich in the natural productions of the western coast of America in particular. One of these, deposited in the British Museum, was described and figured by Dr. Shaw in his ‘ Zoological Miscel- lany,’ and again by Dr. Latham in the ‘Second Supplement to his General Synopsis’; but the bird was still very imperfectly known in this quarter of the globe, until Captain Beechey brought over with him, on his return from his voyage of discovery, a number of living specimens. Unfortunately all the females died on the passage, and of the males which were presented by that gentleman to the Society, one alone survives. Their manners seem to be identical with those of the Quails and Partridges, but they have a much more erect and graceful bearing. They are perfectly contented in captivity and bore the change of climate well; it is therefore much to be regretted that the prospect of naturalizing a bird so neat in its form and markings, and so highly spoken of as an article of food, should have been frustrated for the present, although by unavoidable contingencies.” Specimens of this species occur in the collection formed by R. B. Hinds, Esq., during the late voyage / 5 of H.M.S. Sulphur. Habitat, California and Mexico. Phe Plate represents a male and female of the natural size. Te} =~ nnn 7 ony i CALLIPEPLA GAMBELIL. Gambel’s Partridge. SPECT FIC Ca AURIAC TER. aoe } ‘ eA Se ecicei ys A. ‘ A \ a z ‘ A : Call. lores, gutture et crista mgris ; hac erecta, paululiim recurvata, nequidém ut in C. Californica, abdomine inferiore nigro pone lunulam latam cervinam ; lateribus nitidé castaneis, singulrs plumis strigd alba centrali notatis. Forehead, chin and throat deep velvety black, encircled from the posterior angle of the eye with a broad line of white; across the head and passing down behind the eye another line of white, bounded posteriorly with black ; crest straight, erect, and of a deep black ; occiput rusty red ; feathers of the sides and back of the neck lanceolate in form and of a blue-grey, encircled all round with brown, and with a narrow line of the same colour down the centre; back, wings, rump and upper tail-coverts olive-grey ; tertiaries edged with buff narrowly on their outer webs and broadly on their inner ones; tail grey; chest blue-grey; upper part of the abdomen buff; centre of the abdomen black; flank feathers rich chestnut, with a line of buffy white down the centre; lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts sandy buff, with a broad stripe of greyish brown down the centre of each of the latter ; bill black ; feet brown. Total length, 9% inches; z//, t+; wing, 43; tal, 4; tarsa, 12; middle toe and nail, 12. Lophortyx Gambeli, Nutt. Proc. A sad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. i. p. 260. Callipepla Gambelii, Gamb. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. i. p. 219, New Ser. Callipepla venusta, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part XIV. p. 70. In my description of Calhpepla Californica 1 have stated that it is second in beauty to no member of the group; but at that time I was unaware of the existence of the C. Gambelii, which may dispute the palm, and is indeed a still finer bird. As yet I have only seen two examples, one of which is in the Museum at Neufchatel, the other in that of the Garden of Plants at Paris. As soon as these came under my observation, I hastened to make the existence of the species known by characterizing it 1 the “ Proceedings of the nusta, but soon after found that it had been previously named ” Zoological Society,” under the name of ve Gambelii by Nuttall after his friend Dr. Gambel, which appellation I have accordingly adopted, and sunk my o © SS Y a . ve ae » 1 eo Mr %o own into a synonym. I have also great pleasure in giving the following extract from Dr. Gambel’s account of the species :-— «This beautiful species I discovered on the eastern side of t | running about in company with another species, which he Californian Range of mountains in 1841. They were numerous, in flocks of fifteen or twenty, yecimens I had procured, whilst engaged in s Several spiral-podded species of Prosopis, with low inning this, were devoured I thought new also; but the sy kinning : almost at my elbow by a couple of hungry ravens. spreading branches, afforded them excellent covert, and the seeds of bushy Malvas, Chenopodiums, and ading shes Artemisias, probably served them as food in that dreary region. «Here, where one would suppose it to be impossible for any animal to subsist, they were seen running ‘ r > it] ~ oO 1 ag r LT eAyV we » Ter about in small flocks, occasionally uttering a low guttural call of recognition, sometimes of several notes very different from that of the common species. display the long crest.” : 3 = be s < S . © ; ~ 7 > aysy6 . It is very nearly allied to C. Californica, but is distinguished from that bird by the erect carriage of the c ¢C J Se f DS : : | by the absence of the scale-like markings of the abdomen, When flying they utter a loud sharp whistle, and conspicuously crest, the rich colouring of the flank feathers, and the greater length of the tail. Habitat. California. The figures are of the natural size, taken fr Director of the Museum at Neufchatel. om an adult specimen kindly lent to me by M. Louis Coulon, = bt) SY aN A ca s NS yA) / So iy cz ae Es - Oy og: DY WY - 5 Weascs » ‘ Lak te Ne OP a ome ND Ny ee wy ee eo eLt Ley FOV err ey Dy ee A VEVUM We VU — S270 es ae (00) STI 2 i en p D 2 3 + 5 WINLVIUU LU ATT Tom. CALLIPEPLA ELEGANS. Elegant Partridge. Spectric CHaracrenr. Call. crista saturate DG OI ae A fulod; gula mero guttata ; pectore et abdomine cinerets, hoc albido guttato ; nuchda, et plumis scapularthus ferrugineis. mead grey, with a fine line of black down the stem; crest deep buff; back of the head striated with black and white; throat spotted with ‘black on a white ground, so numerously that the former colour predominates; mantle, chest and abdomen dark grey ; the feathers of the mantle with a spot of rich ferruginous red near the up of each feather, and the abdomen ornamented with large spots of greyish white; centre of the flank- feathers rich ferruginous; back and upper tail-coverts olive-brown ; wings brown ; scapularies rich ferruginous at the extremity, and with a spot of white on either web; tertiaries rich ferruginous with a line of white, bounded interiorly with black on the inner web ; tail deep grey ; under tail-coverts brownish grey, margined with buff; bill black. Female —Crest brown, crossed with zigzag markings of a darker colour; general plumage brown ; the under surface spotted with buffy white; the upper surface freckled with buff, brown and grey; tail grey, freckled with buff and brown; wings blotched with large patches of blackish brown; the secondaries, tertiaries and scapularies margined with buff. Total length, 10 inches ; dz//, 3; wang, 41; tail, 31; tarsi, 12; middle toe and nail, 12. Ortyx elegans, Less. Cent. de Zool., p. 189. pl. 61.—Ib. Ill. de Zool., texte de pl. 52. ——— spilogaster, Vig. in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part II. p. 4. Specimens of this elegant species arrived in England and France at nearly the same time, and were simul- taneously described in the capitals of each country ; in the former by Mr. Vigors under the name of Ortyx spilogaster, and in the latter by M. Lesson as Ortyx elegans, which name having a slight advantage in priority of publication is necessarily the one adopted. M. Lesson states that we are indebted to Dr. Botta for its discovery, and that it is an inhabitant of that portion of Western America, the shores of which are bathed by the Pacific Ocean. This species, as its name implies, has many claims to our notice, and is conspicuous for the general elegance of its appearance, the beauty of its crest, and the delicate style of its markings. s formed part of the collection received from Mexico, referred to in my account i 397 Specimens of both sexe of Cyrtonyx Massena, and are now in the possession of the Earl of Derby. A fine male is also contained in the national collection at the British Museum. Habitat, California and Mexico. The Plate represents both sexes of the natural size. ow i SY EN wo INUIT GOTUAUItL 3 "i \MIAUTTFN wm omy HGUULNL CALLIPEPLA SQUAMATA. Sealy Partridge. Speciric CHARACTER. i. re a ] na k 7 , a 21 45-49 A , A y , 5 Call. crista plena, ad basim cinerescenti-fusca, ad apicem alba ; enterscapulio, coll: lateribus, et pectore cinereis, singulis plumis nota triangulart in medio, et ad apicem lunula nigra. Head and throat hoary, deepening into brown on the crest, the tip of which is white; mantle and chest delicate ash-grey, each feather with a crescent-shaped mark of black at the tip, and a triangular patch of brown in the centre ; centre of the abdomen buff, crossed with bars of mingled chestnut and black; all the upper surface brownish grey ; tertiaries mar- gined on their inner webs with buff; tail brownish grey; flanks brownish grey, with a broad stripe of buffy white down the centre; under tail-coverts sandy, with a line of brown down the centre of each; bill blacks. Total length, 91 inches; bell, +; wing, 43; ¢tadl, 31; tarsi, 12; middle toe and nail, 12. Ortyx squamata, Vig. in Zool. Journ., vol. v. p. 275.—Less. Ill. de Zool., texte de pl. 52. Callipepla strenua, Wagl. Isis 1832, p. 277. = sguamata, G. RK. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, 2nd Edit., p. 80. Many years have now elapsed since I first received this species from Mexico, where it is doubtless as In the absence of all information respecting its habits I can plentiful as its near allies are known to be. trusting that the time is not far distant do no more than portray this rare bird in two different attitudes, when we may hope to receive some account of its manners and economy. The Calhipepla squamata, although not so brilliantly marked as some other members of the genus, is never- , and is rendered conspicuously different from them all by the lunated fascize theless a very pretty species shortness of its crest, which is moreover of a soft and hair- which entirely surround the body, and by the like character. Judging from the fact, that wherever a species differ but little in outward appearance, I am of oj is very similar, and that the accompanying figures is not remarkable in its colouring, the male and female sinion that the plumage of the sexes of the present bird are representations of both; at the same time this point is uncertain. Specimens of this species are very rare in ¢ Society of London, and those from which my of birds in the British Museum. Habitat, Mexico. The figures are of the natural size. ollections ; there are two or three in that of the Zoological figures were taken will hereafter form part of the fine series TANS AY Ab ae Fee tee we Sea. $4 : ‘ a BETO WERENT EN oN VAY pry ee ae oredr ey eee aay REC mi 4 5 {NINTH TIT 2 ‘ 3 ony INITIAL DENDRORTYX MACROURUS. Large-tailed Partridge. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Dend. front ould nieris : lined alba fronte et gula nigris ; linea alba super, atque infra plumas auriculares. Head crested, tl inclini pple nels , the feathers inclining backwards ; forehead, throat, ear-coverts and crest black, the feathers of the latter with a spatulate spot of di 4 4 . Cc OVec u wo i . is it L : 7 a I ate spot of reddish brown at the extremity ; two ines, one above an ther 2 ear-c rts, white ; ; é the other below the ear-coverts, white; upper part of the chest, back of the neck and mantle rich ches -r , the rs_ bei ame | nesta red, the edges of the feathers being grey; all the upper surface, wings and tail olive-brown, assuming the form of transverse bars on the wings and tail; primaries uniform greyish brown ; under surface grey, each feather with a} in 0) 2ST ° oY ry, « = a ; > a Alken ro 5 = a l . of goes down the centre, and indistinct markings of greyish white on the margins of the webs; under tail-coverts black edged with buff; bill, feet and orbits red. Total length, 151 inches; dz//, 3; wings, 61; tal, 61; tarsi, 21; middle toe and nail, 2. aa Ortyx macroura, Jard. and Selb. Ill. Orn., vol. i. pl. 49.—Nat. Lib. Orn., vol. iv. pl. 12. Tus species, the largest of the family yet discovered, is a native of Mexico, and is so rare in the cabinets of this country, that the specimen in the collection of Sir William Jardine, Bart., is the only one I am acquainted with ; it was purchased at the sale of Bullock’s London Museum. Another example, which kindly lent me to figure from, is contained in the collection of Prince Massena at Paris; the adult males. trao nevius of Gmelin ; but upon has been colouring of these two specimens is precisely alike, and they appear to be The late M. Natterer considered this bird to be identical with the Ze his description, I find so great a disparity between them, still, as the details given are vague and indefinite, I should He states, for instance, that the 7. nevis is twenty- eed sixteen inches; and he mentions nothing re- I have therefore retained for it Messrs. Jardine comparing the above-mentioned specimens with that though he may be correct in this opinion, deem it hazardous to adopt Gmelin’s specific name. one inches long, whereas the present bird does not exc specting the black colouring of the head and throat ; and Selby’s appropriate appellation of macrourus. Of the habits and economy of this species I regre Habitat, Mexico. The Plate represents an adult male of the natural Size. t to say nothing whatever is known. meer 7 SE a A BX. ETE Ye Se ee ) ry 04 | | } | i } i . Yee ee FL ayn se Ee ye eee eee | a aa 7] 7 ! i TTT | 4 | 5 Init 3 WAU AAT 2 ie A A ’ ° i s , a $ si A e a . . . Dend. lined lata supercihari a naribus, atque gula albis ; corpore subtus cinereo, lined centrali DENDRORTYX LEUCOPHRYS, Gowa. White-eyebrowed Partridge. aN, Specrric CHaRacteR. lata castanea sengulis plumis ornatis. Face and a broad stripe over the eye buffy white ; ear-coverts and crown of the head brown ; feathers of the sides and back of the neck rich chestnut, margined on each side with white ; feathers of the upper part of the back rich chestnut, margined with slate-grey ; breast grey, with a stripe of reddish chestnut in the centre of each feather; back dark greyish brown, very minutely freckled with black; wings brown, freckled with buff and black ; primaries deep rust-red ; tail dark brown, freckled with buff and black; irides clear brown ; feet red; bill black. Total length, 131 inches; bell, +; wing, 71; tal, 6; tarst, 23; middle toe and nail, 12. Ortyx leucophrys, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part XI. p. 132. Tuis fine species is a trifle smaller than Dendrortyx macrourus, from which it is distinguished by the conspi- cuous stripe of white which surmounts the eyes. Three examples are all that have come under my notice ; one of which is in the collection at the Jardin des Plantes at Paris, and the other two in the possession of the Earl of Derby; of the latter one is now living in his Lordship’s aviary ; the other, a mounted specimen, has been kindly lent me by his Lordship for illustration in the present monograph. Habitat. The southern portion of Mexico. The specimen from which my figure was taken was received direct from Coban. The Plate represents the bird of the natural size. —— ere ye 7 a VE a FT | iS cut Ws = Wa “~ i + Vf UI zy). a FS ~al i! | I SH] = || é EE i eee eed ed MLL ee Le 2 3 -t 5 any fe = = = NV ASL eG fi rch ® ase DENDRORTYX BARBATUS. Bearded Partridge. SpecrFic CHaRActTeEr. Dend. la cinerea ; ectore nite 6 , O ) . eS ) netideé aurantiaco- s d olaz , ) , , , P co-fusc 3 lateribus hivaceo-cinereis, singulis plumis linea centrali castaned, et gutta Spee fs utta rou Bae A ees : » et g marginal obliqua alba posticé negro marginatd ornatis. Head slightly crested, the feathers of which are dark brown; forehead brownish buff: stripe above and behind the eye, throat and sides of the neck leaden grey ; mantle deep rich chestnut, each feather edged with grey; upper surface mingled brown, black and buff, presenting a very sparkling appearance; primaries reddish brown, mottled and freckled with dark brown; tail dark chestnut-brown, the four central feathers strongly marked with black and buff, assuming the form of broad bars; the outer feathers slightly freckled with black ; chest uniform bright orange-brown; flanks olive-grey, with a chestnut mark down the centre, and with an oblique spot of white on the margin, bounded posteriorly with black ; under tail-coverts sandy brown, with a crescent-shaped mark of a lighter hue at the extremity ; bill, orbits and feet red. Total length, 121 inches ; Az//, 2; wing, 61; tail, 41; tarsz, 21; middle toe and nail, 2. Perdix barbatus, Licht. in Mus. Berlin. For our first knowledge of the existence of this species we are indebted to the discrimination of Professor Lichtenstein of Berlin, in the Royal Museum of which city specimens are deposited. With a liberality only equalled by his kindness, M. Lichtenstein permitted me to bring this and other rare birds to London, for the purpose of figuring them in my Monograph. The Bearded Partridge belongs to that section of the family of which the Dendrortyx macrourus is the type; it equals that bird in size, and may be regarded as one of the finest of the Odontophorine ; it differs coloured crest, and in having a shorter and squarer tail; its chiefly in having a shorter and more uniformly y 5 os . . . modifications of structure which evidently toes are also rather more lengthened and its claws straighter ; ally it to the members of the restricted genus Odontophorus. Habitat. Jalappa in Mexico. The figures are of the natural size. 1 a Pi een Noy BS O a oe” ~ YZ )) IEAM) 5 is = IIA}LITTM " "i ny i ODONTOPHORUS GUIANENSIS. Guiana Partridge. Specrric Caaracrer. A Od. corpore subtus, a pectore ad caudam aurantio-fusco, vel arenaceo-rub os tae ee. d e0-rubro, griseo-fusco trans- versim fasciato. Head decorated with a rather a poy crest, the feathers of which are broad and incline downwards; the general plumage is mottled brown, buff and black ; cheeks, crown of the head and cr a deep rusty red, crossed by indistinct bars and freckles of buff; mantle and upper part of the chest washed with grey ; scapularies and tertiaries very strongly marked with deep black ; primaries deep brown, crossed on the outer webs with buff; = : deep fawn-colour, minutely spotted and freckled with black ; under surface from ae oe wards orange-brown or sandy red, transversely barred with greyish brown ; tail a ae and of a dark brown, minutely freckled with buff; bill Badifeer blackish brown. : : : : : Total length, 10 inches; Sed/, 2; wg, 51; tal, 21; tarsi, 12; middle toe and nail, 1s. 4 a>) ; \ sy Tetrao Gwanensis, Ginel. Syst., vol. i. p. 767. Perdix Gwianensis, Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. ii. p- 650.—Bounat. and Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., ant 1. p. 216. Perdix rufina, Spix, Av. Sp. Nov., tom. ii. p. 60. pl. 76’. Perdrix de la Guiane, Buff. Ois., tom. iv. pl. 513. Guiana Partridge, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. ii. p. 776.—Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. viii. pez: Odontophorus rufus, Vieill. Gal. des Ois., tom. ii. p. 38. pl. 211. —————— Gwianensis, G. R. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, 2nd Edit. p- 80. Tock’ro, of the Macusi, and Duraquara, of the Accawai and Arawaak Indians. Tuts species is very generally dispersed over Guiana, Cayenne and Surinam ; it is also said to inhabit Tri- nidad. Mr. Schomburgk informs me that it frequents the forests, and never visits the savannahs or open country; that it is usually encountered either singly or in pairs, and never in coveys; that it runs very quickly and is a shy bird; that when flushed it takes to the branches of the trees; that the eggs are deposited upon the ground; and that they are eight or ten in number and of a greenish-white colour. It utters two distinct kinds of note; one a rather loud whistling call, which is emitted in the morning and in the evening; the other a sound like Zock’ro, whence its Macusi name. Its flesh is white, tender and delicate ; it is consequently always eaten by travellers whenever it can be procured, as well as by the natives, who having their attention arrested their gun or arrows. Mr. Waterton, when speaking of this bird in his ‘«¢Wanderings,’ hear a noise in the forests which sounds like ‘ dwraquara’ often repeated. This is the Partridge, a little It lives entirely in the forests ; and pro- ’ says, ‘ before the morning’s dawn you smaller and differing somewhat in colour from the English bird. bably the young brood very soon leave their parents, as you never flush more than two birds in the same place, and generally only one. The sexes are very similar in the colour of the plumage and also in size. Habitat, Guiana and Surinam. The Plate represents a male, a female, and a brood of young birds of the natural size. by its call imitate it, and by this means bring the bird within range of i) EE NAC AY WA —— FO : tod Ly Bee BA A Pe it i eee ENS, ss SE ee a ee rr ae - - : ~ ae — = — = . <== —— — = . eNO Ee te eM A aT UF NE BAN Fe ZA IE ry Ny 5) SON oe ~~ Px ee Ae if{\ ») noe w eos UN ay er y, A aS S BS EP? Ni \4 25 od iN S nN NS ‘fh ~ a a eal eA iy a ( GG AGLI LL LANA LLTTpOETY TATU} a " 7 " " Waltore Trg. Filter wha hohe tictite AD esBa ODONTOPHORUS PACHYRHY NCHUS, Tschudi. Thick-billed Partridge. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Odontophoro guyanensi similis, sed differt coloribus precipue gastreer saturatiortbus, abdomine Jasciolis nigris et fuscis vario, pedibhus vatidioribus, digitis longioribus et rostro multo altiore.’-—TVschudi. DAV i IO General plumage mottled brown and black, which, extending to the abdomen, offers a marked Ul difference from the colouring of O. Gueanensis: cheeks strongly washed with ferruginous, a Weyer eens ei ei re eee) and barred and freckled with brown; occipital crest-feathers alternately barred with black and rufous; chest, hind part of the neck and mantle washed with grey; bill black ; feet lead-colour. Total length, 11 inches; Sell, 4%; wing, 54; tail, 2+; tarsi, 14; middle toe and nail, 1%. Odontophorus pachyrhynchus, Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, p. 282.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of ance Birds, vol. i. p. 513, Odontophorus, s For the discovery of this species we are indebted to the researches of M. Tschudi, it being one of the novelties which rewarded his explorations of the interior of Peru, where he states it is to be met with in the districts ranging between four and seven thousand feet above the level of the sea. It Cs ay characters in ponion with O. Guianensis and O. marmoratus, but 1s rendered conspicuously different from both by the great size and the thickness of its bill, whence the specific name. | Habitat. Peru. The figures, which are a M. Tschudi. trifle less than the natural size, were taken from a specimen collected by i AN Oy Ss a3 al OUR Re eT OVS Ad Ce aaa yy EE PT BX. 12] 2 PP MAY). Puy pynoy 7’ PMYPSL *SINSGOINAdS SOMOHIOLNOdG ILLS a TF 5 UTTUTINNTTTGTTTAH ATA AFTTT ai 2 i en ULUVUUTI)IULI — S ODONTOPH ORUS SP EKCIOSU Ss, Tschudi. Rufous-breasted Partridge. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Gf) ae tes AY a aye LOWRY AR 0 . vy 5 ss s ¥ , QO. pileo plumis elongatis obscure fuscis ; regionibus superciliaribus nioro et albo. maculatis.: s) gula aterrima ; dorso fusco, lineolis obscuris transversalibus numerosis ; plumarum scapo albo ; remigibus nigris ; parapteris negro et flavo maculatis ; crisso et uropygro dorso dilutiorzbus ; = FIO pectore abdomineque cinnamomeis.’—Tschudi. Crown of the head very dark brown ; over the eye an interrupted line of white streaks ; throat black; back brown with numerous transverse indistinct lines or freckles of black, and with a line of white down the centre; wings similarly marked, and with an oval spot of buff, bounded posteriorly with black at the tip of each of the coverts; primaries dark brown, freckled with deep sandy buff; scapularies black, broadly margined on their inner webs with deep buff; chest and abdomen cinnamon-red ; rump and thighs brown, freckled with black ; bill black ; feet lead-colour. bill, 2; wing, 51; tatl, 2; tarsi, 2; meddle toe and nar, 22. 8 Total length, 101 inches ; Odontophorus specrosus, [schudi, in Wiegm. Archiv. Naturg. 1843, p. . Fauna Peruana, 981. Taf. xxxiiii— Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p.513, Odontophorus, sp. 8. : pe ere eae ihe AP Ie : Tuts species, like the O pachyrhynchus, was discovered by the celebrated Peruvian traveller M. Tschudi, who has thus added two highly interesting species to this section of the family. with a throat mark of the deepest black ; it is about It is distinguished from all | the others by its richly coloured chest of cinnamon-red, the size of O. Guianensis, and like that bird dwells in the midst of the hottest forests ; but even there, says M. Tschudi, it is seldom met with. G 7 j rj , SSI - the Earl of Derby, the black of the throat extends In a fine example from Peru, now in the possession of the Hai y; E saving them very appar sterior to it. over the eye, obliterating the white streaks above that organ, but leaving them very apparent posterior to Yes 5 2 ay mp . - o the rivers Avnamayo and Chauchomayo in Feru. Habitat. The hot forests bordering the rivers Aynamayo and Ch ay The figures are of the natural size. By VEEP ey OE Va Ce eit ae PTE NO) vy 0 vA tictttact fib | | | tJ \ a bey aes Inf wa 4 Ey ST ee = —_ ODONTOPHORUS DENTATUS i Capueira Partridge. SPECIFIC Craracter. X\ > . Od. corpore subtus f uscescenti-plumbeo ; crisso ruf escenti-fusco, nero guttato ‘ ¢ é ‘ : Crown of the head and crest reddish brown. f : b re “ aa ) wn, finely freckled with darker brown; forehead and ee on we encye.to the occiput rusty red; orbits less, denided than in O. Guzanensis black, cl | y strongly marked with blotches of black, chestnut and greyish brow . Sree ie i ory a ee vn, with a longitudinal stripe of buffy white down the primaries dark brown, crossed on their outer webs bands or spots of white ; rump buff, freckled with and of a red colour; scapularies and tertiaries ver centre of each feather ; ah oe with a series o | brown, the centre of many of the feathers with a fine stripe of olive d 2: tal ; . | e down the centre; tail dark brown freckled with buff : under surface uniform brownish lead-colour ; under tail-coverts reddish brown spotted with black; bill dark brown ; tarsi and feet deep lead-colour. Total length, 11 inches ; dzd/, 4; wing, 53; tail,?; tarsi, 14; middle toe and nail, 1%. Perdix dentata, ‘Vemm. Pig. et Gall., Part ITI. pp. 418 and 734.—Nieu Weid, Trav., vol. iv. p- 486, but not the synonyms.—Licht. Verz. der doub., p- 63. L'Uru, Azara, Voy., tom. iv. p. 158. Perdia Capueira, Spix, Av. Sp. Nove, tom. ii. p- 59. tab. 76°. Ortyx capistratus, Jard. and Selb. Ill. Orn., vol. i. pl. 38. Odontophorus Guianensis, G. R. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, 2nd Kdit., p. 80.—List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., Part III. p. 43. Capueira, Oriental Brazilians. Hatarat, Botocudo Indians. Tur present species, which is very common in all museum collections, has been frequently confounded with the O. Guianensis, which is nearly allied to it, but which on comparison will be found to present many specific differences. Its range extends over most parts of Brazil from the River Plate to the Amazon; some localities being of course more especially adapted to its habits than others. An interesting account of this bird having been kindly sent me by His Highness Maximilian Prince of Weid, I here transcribe it nearly in his own words. “This bird is called Capueira by the Brazilians. _ Its habits and mode of life are very similar to those of the Hazel Grouse or Gelinotte (Bonasa sylvestris). It never frequents the open country, but confines itself entirely to the thick woods. In the early part of the year the Capueira lives in pairs, and after the breeding-season the families remain in coveys of from ten to sixteen or more in number. They run very quickly, and procure their food among the dry leaves on the ground in the midst of the extensive woods; the stomachs of those I examined contained fruits, berries, insects, small stones and a little sand. The part of the country in which I met with this bird is the eastern portion of southern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro to the thirteenth degree of south latitude ; by Spix it appears to have been found still farther north. In the vast forests bordering the IVER Mucuri, Alcobaca, Belmonte and Ilheo’s the Capueira was very common, and we frequently killed them for the sake of their flesh, which is excellent. Its loud and remar Azara states that the cry is uttered by both sexes, but I believe it is emitted Surope it frequently aroused us at break of day, bidding almost impenetrable forests of that magnifi- kable voice is only heard in the forests, where it rever- berates to a great distance. by the male bird only. Like the Domestic Cock in I us as it were to continue our researches among the grand but cent country. It commenced calling before daybreak, thus affording us ample time for breakfasting, and enabling us to start by the dawn of the young day. “ Azara tells us that the voice of the Capueira consists and very quickly repeated, and which may be thus of two notes; but on this point he is incorrect, as it comprises three or four notes which are frequently ast as perch on a branch in a line very near to each r cry, which Azara states to resemble explained :— “During the morning and evening twilight the Capueir e i Be ere AY ance to thei other, and at this time the male birds fr equently give utterance = ee AN Id eA aS a \ Si Ath tc ten tes Seer ee or phyA ke retch tcnstct tte a3 ' “=A (" (4 Ai 1 ed a 7A ae Ss ©)) 8 re A eC y iv ‘52° =f ~ eo) = the word ‘uru,’ but it appeared to me to be very different. The nest found by me in the woods near the Arara (Macaw Lake) was placed on the ground, and contained from ten to fifteen fine lake called Lagoa d’ while Azara’s assertion that they are of a violet- pure white eggs, which coincides with Sonnini’s account ; blue is doubtless a mistake, which may probably have arisen, as M. Temminck suggests, from his having eggs of a Tinamou for those of a Capueira. Some travellers have asserted that they have Roni , and that they were placed in such situations in order that they might be aaa aa mistaken the the nests of this bird on trees secure from the attack of snakes and other enemies ; but this also is a mistake; for were such a precaution necessary, it would be adopted by all the birds of the country, whereas numerous species, for instance all the Tinamous, constantly breed on the ground. The sport afforded by the Capueira very closely resembles that Tahahatatala ata anes ata talatet afforded by the Hazel Grouse: when a covey was disturbed by the pointers they flew to the trees, the ) ) ) ; S, motion of their wings causing the same rustling sound as those of the Partridge ; occasionally they might Tatatatabatatatatatatats be killed very easily, at other times it was very difficult to sight them among the dense foliage of the woods : the pectoral muscles, like those of the other members of the family, are very fully developed, and the flesh . « ~ > : o > | which is very palatable, forms an excellent article for the table.” sexes S] S 7 = S 7 O are e 1° OF S atlor 7 ~ 0 Z The sexes, as is usually the case ee the members of this genus, differ but little in colour; the female is however not so strongly marked and is somewhat smaller than the male. Habitat. Brazil. The Plate represents a male and a female of the natural size. Eee ee pasar iat ie eiancaatey bac ape pat iif oes A ee ERNE fo (UNIV UU) NFU ny 5 FINAN mi Tm 3 Fe SIN ata EGS ODONTOPHORUS STELLATUS, Starred Partridge. Gould. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Od. pectore, abdomine cr essoque splendide rufescenti-castaneis ; pectoris plumis lateralibus gutta = A . a centralt alba annulo nigro angusto circumdaté stellatis. Male.—Naked skin before and behind the eye yellowish ; bill black; crest rather lengthened and full; forehead and ear-coverts clouded chestnut, the former passing into reddish nd gradually brightening towards the occiput ; throat both before and behind grey, all the feathers m chestnut on the crown, a eee argined with rufous ; scapularies and wings CG (except the primaries) beautifully marked with rich chestnut, buff and black, the black predominating on the scapularies, which feathers are rendered very conspicuous by having a whitish buff line down the centre ; the tertiaries also are marked with a bold edging of rich buff, bounded on the inner side by a well-defined band of black, which surrounds the feather, while the buff occupies the upper edge only ; at the up of all the wing-coverts is a triangular spot of buffy white ; primaries blackish brown, marked on their outer edge with indistinct but regular bars of reddish brown; back and rump dull greyish buff, each feather minutely dotted and freckled with brown and black; tail-coverts and tail rufous brown and black, the markings and colour so disposed that neither predominate, being dispersed over each feather in alternate narrow zigzag: lines, interspersed with minute dots and freckles ; chest, abdomen and under tail-coverts rich rufous chestnut; the feathers of the chest with a small white mark in the centre, very nearly surrounded by a narrow irre- gular line of black, giving it a very sparkling appearance ; feet and legs in the dried spe- cimen horn-colour. Female.—Difters in beimg smaller in size and in having the white markings of the chest more lengthened in form and less conspicuous than in the male; in all other respects the colouring of the two sexes is very similar. Male —Yotal length, 10: inches ; bill, 3; wing, 53; tal, 31; tarsz, 2. Female.—Total length, 91 inches; bell, 4; wing, 51; tadl, 21; tarsi, 1. Ortyx (Odontophorus) stellatus, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part X. p. 183. Ortyx leucostictos, Natt. MSS. : Odontophorus stellatus, List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., Part LI. p. 43. Q. dentatus ; it also inhabits the same country Brazil ; put from ie in the more remote and less frequently visited districts o al collection, and in the Imperial Museum at Tuis species fully equals in size the extreme rarity in our collections, it must reside that fine country. Specimens are contained in our own nation Vienna. In form it is very nearly allied to O. dentatus of those species by the rufous tint of the breast and by t Nee near the centre of each ; it has also a fuller and rounder crest pe eee Habitat. M. Natterer states that it inhabits the borders of the River Madeiré The figures are of the natural size. 7 } is readily distinguished from both and O. Guianensis, but 1s readily distinguishec a he feathers of that part having a spangle of white ither of those species. (J pe t) \ Wr < SW I) ba ele BAL S) 7 ie py ee eee eer vas rnc s9 Wu Yi ba eh in P7HOD > SIVILV I LOND SOO dOwLNOd Gd a A } D “* , ; es . , ‘ 4 iy. hi " i iia: } o hs m ee a, we LS Cte gino s wf SON NEY sam cise Y a 4 Be " ™ ‘& q | re on I 5 INVOOTTGOOUA AAAI na Tu a 2a TUNA) UU SWS EDS) EW ES LYS SDN DEUS AWS ODONTOPHORUS GUTTATUS, eau Guttated Partridge. SPECIFIC CuHaracrer. A ° A s A dec e : A . Od. gula mgra, linea central alba per plumas singulas ducta ; . i ; pectore et corpore subtus spadiceo- Susco, spatha alba singulis plumis apicem ve rsus guttatis. Male.—Crown of the head and upper feathers o) mectanianlce ; ! pper feathers of the crest blackish brown ; under crest-feathers rich deep buff; over the eye extending to the occiput a broad band of pale brown, each feather tipped with black; beneath the eye, the ear-coverts and sides of the neck rich chestnut; throat jet-black, with a line ‘hite dow ante aad 5 at ] ack, a line of white down the centre and assuming a tnangular form near the tip of each feather ; back reddish brown freckled with black, each feather r web, and with a line of buff down the centre ; wing-feathers alternately banded with buff and deep | sprinkled with black ; rump pal with a large patch of deep brown near the tip of the inne brown, the former e yellowish brown, obscurely spotted with black ; tail yellowish brown, banded with black; breast and under surface chocol ate-brown, with a pear-shaped spot of white, more or less encircled with black near the tip of each feather ; bill black ; feet lead-colour. Female.— Differs in having the crest of a uniform brown, and in the black of the throat being less extensive. Total length, 10 inches ; zl, s; wing, 52; tail, 3; tarsi, 1s. Ortyx guttata, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part V. p- 79. Odontophorus guttatus, List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., Part IIT. p. 43. SEVERAL years have now elapsed since I described this fine bird in the “Proceedings of the Zoological Society” from examples then living in their menagerie, all of which being females, I was not aware until lately that the male is distinguished from his mate by a beautiful tuft of orange-coloured feathers at the = occiput ; in other respects the sexes are nearly alike in plumage. That this interesting species would readily become domesticated, is proved by the fact of an example belonging to the Earl of Derby having laid its eggs and reared its young in his Lordship’s magnificent aviary at Knowsley. The native country of the O. guttatus is Honduras, where, according to Mr. Dyson, it inhabits the Cahoon palm ridges ; a specimen this gentleman had alive for some time was procured on the Reondo River, on the borders of Yucatan. ae The habits of those living examples that have come under my notice presented no peculiarity worth noting ; like the rest of the genus, they readily perched not only on the trees, but also on any ledge or jecti i 1 i rere C ada resented the same plump form as the projection of the aviary in which they were confined. They presented é plum] Common Partridge and the Ortya Virginianus. : che Zealot Specimens now form part of the collection at the British Museum, and of that belonging to the Zoologicé Society of London. Habitat. Honduras. The Plate represents a male and a female of the natural size. Bf aN ZC ONE Sa ri a ("6 1 23 “e Oe Cee SASS ES eal pepe 7 a 7 7 ete ia BS: fp 43°? ODONTOPHORUS BALLIVIAN] Gould Ballivian’s Partridge. SPECIFI¢ CHar ACTER Od. capite cristaque ferrugineo-rufis ; imfra et pone oculum lata aterrimad muculé supra et subter U er ( § te . A . A . A : k linea rubro-cervina marginata ; corpore wmnferore, castaneo-fusco, nigro minutissime macu- lato; plumis singulis macula alba ornatis. Head and crest rich rusty red; beneath and behind the eye a broad patch of deep black, bounded above and below by a stripe of reddish buff; upper surface olive, minutely freckled with black ; the feathers of the centre of the back and scapularies with a fine ine of buffy white down the apical half of the stem, with a small double spot of black on their inner, and a large patch of black, bounded above and below with rusty red, on their outer webs; primaries and secondaries brown, crossed with irregular bands of rusty red, freckled with black; under surface dark chestnut-brown or coffee-colour, minutely freckled with black, each feather with an irregularly-shaped patch of white, bordered with black near the centre, giving the whole of the under surface a singularly rich and sparkling appearance ; bill black; feet lead-colour. yl Total length, 12 inches; bell, 1; wing, 67; tail, 2°; tarsi, 2; middle toe and nazé, 2x. Odontophorus iiieicn. Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part XIV. p. 69. 0 eat. Pa aroendebte » researches of Mr. Bridges in For our knowledge of this remarkably fine species we are indebted to the researches of Mi 8 | ae , ‘1 ‘+ halonos. need it vield the palm in size, or in the Bolivia. To no one member of the genus to which it belongs, need it yield the palm in ae ae ° >Mr. Bridges ave named it Balhviant 1 honour o / beauty and colour of its markings. At the request of Mr. Bridges, I have named it Batt S Ss « . . . ) . ae : ; - a i General Ballivian, President of the Republic of Bolivia, who afford 5 nders him worthy of such a compliment. ed him every facility in his power for the prosecution of his researches, and whose love of science re Department of Cochabamba, in Bolivia. Habitat. The forests of Cocapata in the : y Mr. Bridges. : é a ae : ee | The figures are of the size of life, from specimens procured b STS aA ie py WY Sec Tee PIECD @SSINVITSTAINTLOSD SOVYWOHdOLNOTG a 7 NE EOE ee “ Gi) ~ a poe eee peri OCT dae 1 " o a - Fie a A Ve . ; iS , 1 : a \ 74 ! | 1 ) \ ty H . fl ka a ( ane ib a Ct) ) i i > { } 5 { Z { \ Bs } =n — / = wt = —_ i be x = = N ‘ me | =x a =5 °° — ie ig es y N ~ Won. ) 7 ) as om) ’ We . \ < sy b\N oe ‘ } ia ‘ Z y A) \s al » YEN) LEDS EVES LDS NSN BE) Ne AVF AEN DEY LYSE) SEL ce) PES eS) EN) ODONTOPHORUS COLUMBIANUS, Caraccas Partridge. Gould. Speciric Cyaracter. Od. vertice fusco, delicatulé nigro adsperso : ha rufo ‘morata od liane e i ‘ 2 Sperso ; nucha rufo marmorata ; strigd superciliart incon- g . é A p o A A ct “YOY , < s ad , ya a 4 7 . , spicua ; gula alba irregularitér nigro guttata precipue apud marginem ; corpore subtius p bo ere 5S tance AS oe no AA Gs 5 : : rufescenti-fusco, plumes singulis nota alba nigro circumdatd prope apicem ornatis. Crown of the head brown, minutely freckled with black ; back of the neck washed with rufous; over each eye an indistinct mottled stripe ; throat white, irregularly spotted, especially on the sides, with black ; upper surface brown, washed with grey on the centre of the feathers, each of which is delicately penciled with black, and has a narrow stripe of buff bounded on each side by a narrower one of black down the centre ; those of the scapularies and wing-coverts have moreover a large patch of rich dark brown on the inner web near the tip, bounded above by two narrow lines, one of buff, the other of dark brown ; primaries brown; secondaries brown, freckled and barred with dark brown, and washed with rufous; tertiaries brown, washed with grey and rufous, freckled with black, having a broad V-shaped mark of black near the tip, and broadly margined and tipped internally with deep buff; under surface reddish brown, each feather with a large irregularly-shaped mark of white margined with black near the tip; under tail-coverts and vent mottled reddish brown and sandy buff; bill black ; feet lead-colour. Total length, 11 inches; hell, 1; weng, 5¢; tail, 2; tarsi, 2; middle toe and nail, 2:. < Odontophorus Columbanus, Gould in Proe. of Zool. Soc., May 14, 1850. o is smaller t ). rane Tus fine bird has a stouter bill, and is of a larger size than O. dentatus, but is smaller than O. Balhwani, x c Cc 0 > O to which it is nearly allied. A fine specimen graces the Museum at Leyden, Netherlands Consul at Caraccas: another example from, brown, with here anc 4 somewhat smaller size, to which it was transmitted by M. Landsberger, I believe, the same locality, differs in having the 1 there a few only of the white marks so con- under surface of a nearly uniform greyish bat notwimetanairenetens spicuous in the bird above described ; it 18 also of . . : > game species. differences, the two birds appear to be one and the same sj Habitat. Caraccas. The figures are of the natural size. zs PRE rma yA ES Op ee OD ES BP BS EW ee) WE oat Sum ea Te AC i St eS pr ce — y Fe as Ss a C S 4 e LY, ORE WES Fi AeA \\ AL V/ ( =e NBO 4 Oe HANVULY UNLV LATpErnpeTa THAT at "a 7 a y Nn MSS PP SN aa SS Tew, an > WIR OPM Ms Cocca ) TOPEHO RUS DIDS i } 2 eu Y. ar Sy. i ei = Oly 5 co JX (G7 Pe oi mad 4 SS > 2 3]l hes ODONTOPHORUS STROPHIUM, Gowa. Gorgeted Partridge. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Re i i Ag ea : Od. mento albo; gula nigerrima, tunulé alba transversd, notata ; primarum pogonits externis 12 tern. outtis carentibus. Head slightly crested ; crown, crest, and ear-coverts blackish brown; sides of the face dull white, speckled with black ; chin white ; throat deep black, crossed by a broad crescent-shaped mark of pure white; all the upper surface dark brown, freckled and marked with sandy buff; each of the scapularies with a large patch of black near the tip of the inner web, and a stripe of buff down the centre; all the wing-coverts with a spot of white at the tip ; primaries and spurious wing dark brown, without the usual markings on the outer web ; breast and under surface rich reddish chestnut, with a large spot of white in the centre of each feather; vent and under tail-coverts deep brown, tinged with buff; bill and feet blackish brown. Total length, 9 inches; Sell, 1; wong, 51; tael, 2; tarsi, 2; middle toe and nail, 2. 2 . . \ ) Va A Ortyx (Odontophorus) strophium, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part X. p. 134. I proposep the specific term strophium for this new species, as indicative of the peculiar form of the white mark on the throat. The only specimen I have seen is the one I at present possess, but which will here- after be deposited in the British Museum. It appears to be an adult male, and in form is very robust ; i i ighs, whic | , diminutive size of the tail, give it a somewhat outré particularly in the legs and thighs, which, with the diminutive ail, g appearance. Habitat, the Spanish Main. The Plate represents the bird in two positions, of the natural size. EE FIST ef AL a ee ENP Se 2a ie /1 8s ~ See al MPA ITT 4. 5 3 2 omy WAHL TT dN SY (ag Nt e/g) Sa : (@) y hn . or EO) x CH Pity ey 7S e p EV EWE LVI 0 NL STN eH Maras eT g ft S N/a ENA RCORNZES Pv D2 Z PO ie 3 ODONTOPHORUS LINEOLATUS. Striped-breasted Partridge. SpPrctric CHaracter. Od. corpore subtus pallide cervino-fi a . Ore f f cervino-fusco, sive pallide ferrugi ee Ce tude ferruginoso, plumis singulis lined A S 7 J¢noso, plumes singults lined centrali impressis. : : = eee ( rown of the 1ead a Cc S c C wh ) min ) Uu V ee Ss ) a- . 7 » | O d nd ‘rest dar] ] iA 7 | >» o | 7 > f tl » >» thers; at the back of the neck a patch of dark brownish black, blotched on either side with buff; middle of the back brow aly freck j : ack brow ms finely freckled with dark brown, and with pale brown centres to each feather ; wine-coverts tle ; : ie c > Wing-coverts mottled brown and buff, the latter predominating on the outer web and with a line of buff down the shaft ; primaries and secondaries brown s : ; : ? mottled with buff on their outer webs; tertiaries rich chestnut-brown and black, with a small triangular spot of buff at their tips, and a broad conspicuous mark of buff on the margins of their inner webs; lower part of the back and upper tail-coverts brownish buff, crossed with broken bands of dark blackish brown ; se: pularies dark brown on their inner webs, buffy white freckled with black on the outer webs, and with a stripe of buff down eV the centre ; tail dark brown, freckled with buff ; chin white; face and throat grey, bounded .o by a narrow line of black, produced by the outer row of feathers being tipped with that - anaks colour ; under surface sandy red, fading into white on the vent, each feather with a lighter es eerie tts stripe down the centre, under tail-coverts buff with black centres. Total length, 8 inches; bz//, +; wing, 5; tal, 2; tarsi, 12; middle toe and nail, 12. 4 BS P : BY x Perdix lineolata, Licht. in Mus. Berlin. Ortyx lineolatus, Natt. MSS. thoracicus, Gamb. Proc. of Acad. Phil. 1847, t. 77. Odontophorus lineolatus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. ii. p. 513, Odontophorus, sp. 7. See E1gur years ago—February 22, 1843—the following note respecting this species was sent to me by my valued friend the late Mr. John Natterer of Vienna :—‘ Of this bird I saw two specimens in the Museum of Berlin, under the name of Perdix lineolata, Licht. Unfortunately I took no description, as it was very cold in the Museum towards the end of November 1838, the time of my visit there: I merely noted, ‘ two differing so much in colour that they might be considered as in will lend you these birds, and any others you may want for above, and many other useful notes from the same kind curious birds with large feet and long toes ; two species.’ I have no doubt M. Lichtenste your Monograph.” Shortly after the receipt of the friend, I paid a visit to Berlin and examined the London and make drawings of them: one strictly accords with the d ! a differs in having the throat and broad stripe over the eye and down the side of the neck rufous, and the I have no dou birds in question, and was permitted to bring them to escription given above ; the other under surface greyish brown bt that they are the opposite sexes of the same species, and as such I have figured them. : 2 en aie I that this species had been previously named by M. Lichtenstein, Dr. Gambel of Unaware, I presume oe eu. ation of thoracicus, which I am sure he will readily ately assigned to it the specific appell ior name of Lineolatus. 3erlin and at Philadelphia are all Philadelphia has | resign in favour of the pr Habitat. The specimens at ] the true habitat of the species. 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