amily of Crogoms, a Partd. (Lo be completed inthree Larts/ Price L 2 1Q.0. London. Liklished by the Author 20 Broad Street Cobden Sguare 1835. Lointed by C Hiullmende i UU _ 1 I 2 TTT 4| 5 TROGON MEXICANUWS:; Gwans:) Mexican Trogon. Adulé Mate. TROGON MEXICANUS. Mexican Trogon. (Adult male.) SprecrFic CHARACTER. Trog. supra et ad pectus viridi ; gutture auribus, alisque nigris, his cinereo punctatis ; torque pectoral alba ; ventre crissoque coccinets ; rectricibus duabus intermediis viridibus nigro apiculatis, duabus proximis utringue nigris, reliqus ad basin nigris ad apicem albis. Rostrum flavum: tars? brunnei. Beak bright yellow ; throat and ear-coverts black, gradually blending with the green which covers the chest and the whole of the upper surface; two middle tail-feathers green with black tips; the two next on each side wholly black; the three outer on each side black with white tips; wings black, the whole of which, with the exception of the primaries, is finely dotted with grey ; a crescent of white encircles the chest; breast, belly, and under tail-coverts fine scarlet ; feet brown. ‘Total length, 11 to 12 inches ; wing, 5%; tatl, 7%. Iv is only by the careful examination of a great number of specimens of different ages that the ornithologist is enabled to understand the changes of plumage which birds of this tribe undergo while passing from youth to maturity, and which render them in specific distinction so extremely perplexing. The preceding remark applies more particularly to the Trogons of the New World, which exhibit in their barred tails a feature that will at all times readily distinguish them from those of the Old; but though we find that the barred tail is characteristic of most of the species at a certain period of their existence, yet in some it is only the sign of immaturity, while in others it is a striking feature in the adult. The bird here represented was evidently considered by Mr. Swainson as a different species from 7. Mezi- canus, as on looking over the collection of birds in the possession of John Taylor, Esq., I observed a speci- men in the plumage of the present Plate, with a label attached to it bearing the name of Trogon Morgani in Mr. Swainson’s handwriting ; under which name I should have figured it, had I not discovered in an- other collection recently received by Mr. Taylor from Real del Monte, specimens directly intermediate be- tween the Barred-tail Trogon as figured by Mr. Swainson in his Zoological Illustrations and the bird here represented ; and as this difference is not effected by a change in the colouring of the feather, but by the accession of a new one, the evidence is the more conclusive. One of these birds possessed the strongly-barred tail on one side, while on the other it had a new feather, bearing all the characteristics of mature age in being more square at the end and in being wholly black with a white tip. I cannot close this account without offering my sincere thanks to Mr. John Taylor for the assistance which he has rendered me in the investigation of this tribe of birds, by the loan of specimens in the most interesting stages of plumage. Habitat Northern Mexico. TROGON MEXICANUS, Swains. Mexican Trogon. (Young male, and female.) In Mare Juniore rectrices negro alboque fasciate, presertim ad pogonia externa ; alarum maculce subbrunnescentes ; remiges externé albo fimbriate. Fem. Vertice, dorso, gutture, pectoreque brunneis in olivaceum superne in rufum inferne vergen- tibus ; torque pectorali obsoleta, cinerea ; ventris parte anticd brunnescenti-cinered, postica crissoque coccmers ; alis negris brunneo parce maculatis ; remigibus externé albo SJimbriatis ; rectricibus duabus intermediis castaneis nigro apiculatis, duabus proxinis utrinque nigris, reliquis albo mgroque fascratis. Rostrum in feemina flavum brunneo nebulosum. Tn the Male, the middle age may be distinguished from the adult by the grey freckles on the wings being rather stronger and more inclined to brown on the secondaries; by the extreme outer edge of the primaries being white ; and by the tail being regularly barred with black and white, which character is most conspicuous on the outer edges. Female. he top of the head, throat, chest, and back dark brown, inclining to olive on the upper surface and to rufous on the chest; across the chest an obscure band of light grey ; the upper part of the belly brownish grey, the lower part and vent scarlet ; wings black, slightly freckled with brown on the outer edges of the secondaries and shoulders; the outer edges of the primaries fringed with white ; two middle tail-feathers chestnut brown tipped with black, the two next on each side wholly black; the remainder strongly barred with black and white for nearly their whole length; bill yellow clouded with brown. Trogon Mexicanus. Swains., Phil. Mag. June 1827, and Zool. Ill., 2nd Ser., pl. 82. young male, pl. 107. female. Iv the description which accompanies the preceding Plate I have stated my reasons for considering that and the present bird as constituting one and the same species. In the Plate accompanying this description I have given in illustration of this opinion a figure of a male bird killed in a youthful state ; when, as may be readily perceived, it had nearly accomplished the change in the plumage of the body, while one single feather alone has appeared in the tail: this new feather possesses all the marks of maturity, and may be easily distinguished from the rest by its being entirely free from the bars of black and white. The specimen from which this drawing has been taken is in the possession of John Taylor, Esq., who received it with several others from Mexico. The Trogon Mewxicanus was, I believe, first described by Mr. Swainson in the Philosophical Transactions for June 1827; since that period he has figured the young male and the female in the Second Series of his Zoological Illustrations (pls. 82 and 107). While travelling on the Continent I collected several specimens of this bird, and ascertained, by means of the labels attached, that it is identical with the Zrogon glocitans of Professor Lichtenstein. I believe that the name of Mezicanus claims priority; and if so, gdocitans must of course give place to it: but on this point I cannot speak with certainty. cs a Turvy baa yp ROGON ATRICOLL LEAS Black-throated Trogon. (Veewlly KET g c 3 F Se eee eae age ne re CE Ear TE aS ITE it can 5 said cede i ce ENO ra TROGON ATRICOLLIS, Fieii. Black-throated Trogon. SPECIFIC Cu ARACTER. Mas. Trog. vertice, dorso, pectoreque viridibus ; alis in medio nigris cinereo maculatis ; rem?- gibus nigris pogonis externis albo Jimbriatis ; auribus guttureque negris, hoc posticé albo obsoleté cincto; pectore ventreque aurantiaco ; rectricihus duabus intermediis subcupreo- viridibus negro apiculatis, duabus proximis utrinque ngris pogoniis externis viridi fimbri- atis, ceteris prope rhachin negris pogonis albo ngroque_ fasciatis et ad apicem albis. Fem. Capite, dorso, gutture, rectricihusque sex intermediis brunneis, his nigro apiculatis ; remigibus ceteris obsoletius fasciatis ; ventre minus aurantiaco. Rostrum flavum olivaceo nebulosum. Male. Beak yellow clouded with olive; throat and ear-coverts black; chest, top of the head, and the whole of the upper surface green; the two middle feathers of the tail are green with slight bronzy reflexions, the two next on each side are black, with their extreme outer edges of the same colour as the two middle ones, the tips of the whole six being black ; the three outer ones on each side are regularly barred with black and white on their outer edges and slightly so on their inner ones, while their centres are black and their ups white ; centre of the wings beautifully freckled with grey on a black ground ; primaries black, with their extreme outer edges white; under surface fine orange, separated from the black of the throat by an obscure half band of white; feet brown. Female. Head, throat, upper surface, and six middle tail-feathers brown, the latter slightly tipped with black; the remaining tail-feathers as in the male, but not so regularly barred ; the centre of the wings freckled with brown on a black ground ; the primaries black margined on the outer edges with white; under surface orange, but less pure than in the male. Total length about 9 or 10 inches; wing, 44; tail, 6. Male. Yellow-bellied Green Cuckoo. Edw., vol. 7. pl. 331. p. 256. Courucou aranga. LeVaill., Hist. Nat. des Couroucous, pl. 7 te male adult, pl 8. Ia jeune, et pl. 15. le male dicoloré. Courucou aranga. Vieill., 2nd edit. du Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., tom. 8. p. 318. Female. Courucou a queue rousse. Buff, vol. vi. p: 293: EiMEniE 736: Trogon rufus. Lath., Ind. Orn., 1. 209. Gm. Linn. 1. 404. Rufous Curucu. Lath., Gen. Hist., 2nd edit., vol. 3. p- 309. pl. 49. Ficures of both sexes of this species have graced the pages of many ornithological publications, in almost every one of which it has been subjected to a different name. The female, from the dullness of her colouring when compared with her gaily-attired mate, has, in most instances, been characterized as a distinct species ; and had not the illustrations of this bird been tolerably good, it would have been unsafe to have quoted so many synonyms as are recorded above. I am induced to believe that the Yellow-bellied Green Cuckoo of Edwards is identical with the male, while the female is represented by Buffon in his Planches Enluminées under the title of Cowrucou @ queue rouse ; it is also the Rufous Curucui of Dr. Latham. In the splendid work of Le Vaillant will be found figures of both the sexes under the name of Courucou aranga, which name has been followed by Vieillot, who has figured the male in the second edition of his Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle, under the scientific name of Trogon atricollis. Although this latter name has not, perhaps, a strict claim to priority, yet in a case like the present, where the female has been described as a distinct bird from the male, and as it appears doubtful whether the latter is identical with the old Trogon wridis, I have thought it best to follow Vieillot in giving to this species the specific title which he has applied to it. Habitat, Guiana, Cayenne, and the banks of the Amazon. The Plate represents both the male and female. SERRE NRnEEMon amet ait kG GANS. Graceful Trogon la yr tet 5 i on % F 3 a I sa eee TROGON ELEGANS. Graceful Trogon. Sprcrric CHARACTER. Mas. Trog. facie, capite antice, auribus, guttureque nigris ; pectore, cervice, dorso, tectrict- busque caudce superioribus viridibus ; torque pectoral alba ; ventre tectrictbusque caude enferrortbus cocciners ; alis brunnescenti-nigris, i medio cinereis albo transversim flexuose lineatis ; remigum pogoniis externis albo fimbriatis ; rectricibus duabus intermediis proxima- rumque duarum utrinque pogoniis externis cupreo-viridibus, harum pogonis interns nigris, omnibus ad apicem laté nigris; reliquis ad basin negris, ad apicem albis, in medio presertim pogoni externis albo nigroque fasciatis. Fem. and Pennant, a species about which there is considerable confusion. If we may judge from analogy, the upper bird in the accompanying Plate represents a young male, and not, as I at first supposed, a female; if this be the case, the female is at present unknown. Habitat, Rangoon, Nepaul, &c. eid —— TROGON AMBIQGUUS. Doubtful Trogon. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Trog. facie, capite, guttureque nigris ; pectore, cervice, dorso, tectricibusque caude superioribus viridibus ; _— brunnescenti-nigris, an medio cinerers lineis gracilibus flexuosis nigris trans- versim notates ; remigibus externé albo fimbriatis; rectricibus duabus intermedsis proxima- rumque duarum pogontis eaternis cupreo-virrdibus, harum pogoniis internis omniumague apwibus negris, reliquis ad basin mgris, ad apicem albis, in medio albis maculis parvis nUMEFOSIS SPAarsis nigris. Rostrum flavum : tars? brunnei. Bill bright yellow; face, top of the head, and throat black; chest, back of the neck, back, and upper tail-coverts green; wings brownish black, the primaries having their outer edges fringed with white ; secondaries and centres grey, finely marked with zigzag transverse lines of black; two middle tail-feathers green with bronzy reflections; the two next green with bronzy reflections on their outer edges only; the inner webs black; the three outer ones on each side black at their base and white at the tip, the middle portion being minutely dotted with black on a white ground; feet brown. Total length about 12 inches; wing, 5+ to 53; tail, 7+. Trogon ambiguus. Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc., Part III. Tuose who have had opportunities for studying nature are well aware how slight occasionally are the shades of difference between closely-allied species: it might be objected that these differences may be merely casual, or those of variety only; but when we find that they constantly obtain in two birds brought from two very distinct countries, and that by attending to their markings we should be able to assign to each its peculiar the objection falls to the ground: it is true that the same species may differ in the intensity of its locality, from the influence of temperature, air, and food, but it will seldom be found to vary in the character colouring, of its permanent markings. ae It is upon these views that I have ventured to separate this bird from the Trogon elegans, to which it so closely assimilates that it requires an experienced eye to note the points of difference ; these points consist in but finely-dotted appearance of the outer tail-feathers of Zrog. ambiguus, in opposition to the strong and well-defined black bars on the same part in Trog. elegans ; while at the same time the centre of the wing is much more finely and minutely barred in the former than in the latter. Had I seen only > iy A) 4 : 1 qdeadual ir ig y 1 ubt on the subject ; but my comparisons a single individual of each of these birds, I might have been in do j y I dividuals of all ages, I feel but little hesitation in assigning to the present bird, at the obscure and pale, having been made upon in least provisionally, the rank of a distinct species. oF oF a. fee 1 -o birds ; indig re distinctly separated from each Pe The localities in which these two birds appear to be indigenous a y sepa "On" vouus havi xclusively received from the northern states all the examples I have seen of Trogon ambiguus having been e y i i ans is strictly limi the southern. of Mexico, while the Zrogon elegans 1s strictly limited to The Plate represents an adult male. it iy f: Temm. TROGON REINWARDTILI, Reinwardt’s Trogon. SPECIFIC CHaracter. Trog. capite, dorso, tectrictbusque caude laribusque flavo transversim 1; Org Or), coe svers meates ; remigibus n2oTes 2, ; ; ee : Ws, pogonis externis albis ; gutture flavo ; ; S ae que olwaceo-brunneis ; ventre flaco ad latera aurantiaco ; ctricibus cerule > escenti-atris ir idescentibus, tribus externis wtrinque apicem versus albis. Rostrum aurantiaco-rubrum ; rego ophthalmica nuda coer ulea ; tarsi flavt superioribus saturate viredibus ; alis in medio auribus, colli lateribus, pectore Bill bright reddish orange ; top of the head, back Q ? ? < ’ ius and upper tail-coverts dark green ; six middle tail-feathers bluish black wit] 2 - | 1 green reflexions; the bases of the three outer feat 1ers on each side the same colour as the middle ones, the remaining portions being white : yellow ; primaries black, with the exception of the outermost w eb, which is white; throat yellow; ear-coverts, sides of the neck, and chest olive brow n; belly and under surface yellow, becoming rich orange on the sides; tarsi yellow ; bare on round the eye blue ‘Total length from 12+ to 13+ inches; tail, 7+; wing, 5t. : Trogon Reinwardtv. Temm., PI. Col. 124. From the circumstance of the present bird and the Zrogon narina of Southern Africa being the only species yet discovered in the Old World possessing a green plumage, it would appear that they approximate more nearly to the American Trogons, in which this feature is so conspicuous, than do any of their congeners, though at the same time they possess characters which readily distinguish them, viz. the absence of serra- tures along the edges of the bill and of bars on the tail. The native habitat of this species are Java and Sumatra, where it was discovered by Professor Reinwardt, that truly worthy and justly celebrated naturalist, whose exertions have added so much to the stores of science, and after whom it has been named. The Trogon Reinwardtii offers a singularity to our notice in the great similitude of the plumage of the sexes, the female possessing the same characteristic markings as the male, from whom she differs only in having the colours more obscure, and by the rich orange of the throat and flanks giving place to a pale yellow. Iam highly indebted to my valued friend M. Temminck for an example of the young of this species, a figure of which is given in the accompanying Plate ; and which, as illustrating the change which the present o will be seen that species undergoes from youth to maturity, will not be uninteresting to the ornithologist. It e see state, it exhibits a similarity to the adult, particularly in the colours of the back and although in this immature , as in all the Trogons w here the plumage of the female tail, a circumstance which rarely occurs in the family differs much from that of the male, the young birds case, where the sexes are nearly alike, the young part generally resemble the former; while, as in the present ake of the adult colouring, differing only in the markings of the wings and the rufous brown tint of the breast. That the Trogon Reinwardti should rarely occur in collections is : to be very local in its habitat. The vast collections brought to this a fact which may probably be accounted for by the circumstance of its appearing country by Sir T. Stamford Raffles and Dr. Horsfield did not contain an example. SIZ The Plate represents an adult male and a young bird of Ce centre of the wings and shoulders green, transversely rayed with fine lines of TROGON ORESKIOS ;/(4aw-_ Mountain Trogon Drown from Natare £ on Stone by J bE. Goad LOL ON 2 EI mg Lai 2 3 \{l 4 > Sa ne aos = — . . 7” “ i Se ¥ = TROGON ORESKIOS, Temm. Mountain Trogon. Sprectric CHARACTER. Jas. Trog. capite, g ‘e. pectore : Mas 2 pite, gutture, pectoreque lutescentibus ; dorso tectricibus caudee superroribus eS : a ne 3 : i S5 rectricibus duabus intermediis saturaté rufis; alis ngris i medio transversim albo pluri fascratis remigibus eaxterné albo fimbri iti “a ee _ a é albo fimbricatis ; rectricibus tribus externis utrinque ad basin NILTIS, ad aptcem albis, duwabus proximis nigris ; ventre aurantiaco in medio, et ad crissum flaco ; Sfemorrbus nigris. Foem Caprte, pectore dorsoque sordideé . : : ore, soque sordidé bhrunneis, ure ee . os 7 dé brunneis, uropygio rectricobusque duabus intermediis minus sordidts ; alarum fascvis albis ; ventre flavo ad latera subaurantiaco Rostrum ad apicem negrun, in flacum basin versus nee Male. The top of the head, throat, and chest greenish yellow; back, coverts of the tail, and two middle tail-feathers rich maroon heightened on the rump; wings black, with their middles transversely rayed with strong bars of white; outer edge of the primaries white ; three outer tail-feathers black at their base and white at their tips, the two next on each side black; breast and flanks rich orange; middle of the belly and vent yellow ; thighs black ; legs and feet flesh colour; bill black at the up, eradually passing into yellow at the base. Female. Head, chest, and all the upper surface dull brown, becoming more rich on the rump and two middle tail-feathers ; the remainder of the tail as in the male; the transverse marks on the centre of the wings brown instead of white ; whole of the under surface yellow, inclining to orange on the flanks. Total length, 10 to 10% inches; wing, 45; tazl, Or. Trogon Oreskvos. Temm., Pl. Col. 121. fe Nearzy all that is here said respecting this species is gleaned from the ‘ Planches Coloriees des Oiseaux” of M. Temminck, who states that science is indebted to the research of MM. Diard and Reinwardt for the first knowledge of its existence. It appears to have been unknown to Sir Stamford Rafiles and Dr. Horsfield, as d in their Catalogue of the Birds of Java, 4 country 10 which, and probably Sumatra, says it is not enumerate : : and inhabits woods and M. Temminck, it is to be found. According to M. Kuhl, it subsists on insects, mountains. As far as my own experience goes, I have never seel while on the other hand I possess several individuals y distinguished from , it in collections from the countries above mentioned, from Rangoon, where it appears to be a species of ; é : -s of its family by the chaste common occurrence. It may be readil all the other members 0 y by and less gaudy style of colouring which its Habitat, Java. The Plate represents an adult male and female. plumage exhibits. Se TEANNNEEN THhaaee oe “nN INS [TROGON TEMMINCKIL. Temmincks Troéon. AVVVUAANYUUUWWN \| \\\VUNANNNVUTTt AUANHUNAUUUNAUULUAEEY QIN } any] 2 3\ TROGON TEMMINCKII. Temminck’s Trogon. Sprorric Cuaracren. Mas. que nigris, hoc postice tor gd que nigris, postice torque albo; abdomine, strigd inde gente cocciners; dorso tectricif ore é brunneis ; alis nigris strits ¢ 2 naira ae ee aS s ) S Stra fr Om OM ADE , , , 9 ws transversis albis vix numerosis ornatis ; rectrictbus duabus inter- YU nieris, duabus proximis utri ee a ; is 514s, S proxemis utrinque nigris, reliquis ad basin nIgTis 7 rog. vertice, gutture, pectore ducta nuchamque mediis castaneis ad apicem apicem versus late albis. Fem. Magers obscura: capi ao > Capite gultureque saturate erises 1S} alarum strigis brunneis + t q € grisescento-brunneis ; pectore arenaceo-brunneo ; stra, as ; torque pectorali cing Q 3 torque pectorali cinguloque nuchali nullis. Male. p op of the head, throat, and chest black; a crescent-shaped band of white separates the chest from the breast, which, with the abdomen and vent, is scarlet, and from which extends a narrow band of the same colour round the nape of the neck; back and upper tail-coverts yellowish brown; wings black, transversely rayed with fine lines of white rather thinly disposed ; two middle tail-feathers chestnut brown tipped with black, the two next oneach side wholly black, the remainder black at the base and largely tipped with white ; naked skin round the eyes fine blue, which extends over nearly fie whole of the bill, becoming darker at the tip; feet brown. Female. Differs from the male in being destitute of the nuchal and pectoral bands, in the head and throat being dark brown inclining to grey instead of being wholly black, in the breast being sandy brown, and in the markings of the wings being brown instead of white ; in the remainder of the plumage she resembles the male, except that the colours are more obscure. Total length, about 12 inches; weng, 64; tadl, 64. Trogon Temminckii. Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc., Part LI. fasciatus. Temm., Pl. Col., 321. Arrer a careful examination I have been induced to differ from the opinion of my friend M. Temminck, who considers the present bird as identical with a species originally described by Forster and Pennant under the name of Zrogon fasciatus : the confusion appears to have been heightened by Dr. Latham, who in the at his ‘General History of Birds” has illustrated the original description of Forster and awing of a bird nearly allied to, if not identical with, my Trog. erythrocephalus. I which formed the subject of the original fasciatus, second edition Pennant by a dr Having examined the drawing in the British Museum, , , it to be quite distinct from the present species, which consequently demands I have no hesitation in stating 2 ; hat magnificent work the ‘‘ Planches Colorices culiar specific title; and as it was first figured in t for itself a pe as 2 ; : e to the author to name It after him, although in so doing : smarting from the rule I gener ; oe i Tam departing lrom z itle for a bird by which it may be distinguished 1 | ing appropriate specific t aley which attends the finding an appropt ac an : for it is scarcely safe to name it after the colour or character of the lly in the present one, so great a similarity exists that it is almost ; the crescent-shaped band on the chest, the transverse acters which belong to the family; and if any from all its congeners 1s very great ; 1 i st or ia markings, as 10 most groups, and especially | term sufficiently significant : plain tail, are all char nd single species, but 1s generally the characteristic of a the discovery of the Trog. Diardit we knew of no hich characterizes both of them; and it is obvious acter in the first bird, as it would have impossible to find a igs, the barred, or arcely if ever confined to for instance, before sing E nd w other species than the present possessing the Tae cae ( ake % scific title from insafe to take a spec! c oe ree er respects they are quite different. that it would have ae tii although in ; been equally applicable to both, alt ae of Ceylon, but that Sumatra, Java, and probably Borneo, form its ativ , I believe that this bird is not a 0 markings of the wu peculiar feature exists, It 1S SC division or minor group of the family ; exclusive habitat. The Plate represents @ male and female.