Nate eee ce aor it Aaa cee eee eiiianermpeo Tac Tri Pilates al tot e Ste: 5 pe Paella atl Cola) ( LKakshakehakalckakahaledel oe : 8 QEKEKENRKSKKE CERNE KERS tid * c) ‘s fd 5s eee Pet ee 4 a cy ) A rm rag: er SO at a | ae fe {1} \, ay a aa ae ae © 9. NEWMAN BOUND DY CLYD | , f E is te y | ae. a y | & F a @ f 7. bi 4 i i i is t i ay ; a oa el ka i CENTURY OF BIRDS FROM THE HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS. By JOHN GOULD, A.L.S. LONDON: 1832. Seen Se At i TO THEIR MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTIES WILLIAM THE FOURTH AND ADELAIDE, KING ann QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOMS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, THESE ILLUSTRATIONS OF HIMALAYAN BIRDS ARE WITH THEIR ROYAL PERMISSION MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY THEIR MAJESTIES MOST GRATEFUL AND LOYAL SUBJECT AND SERVANT JOHN GOULD. ; ' ; rf ' “anu e a Ca Rasa er = yet Pa y ‘ yf ; - r NE Reuagine BBD ’ a ee SUBSCRIBERBS. HIS MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE KING. HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN. H. R. H. THE DUKE OF SUSSEX. H. R. H. THE DOWAGER LANDGRAVINE OF HESSE HOMBOURG. HIS MAJESTY LEOPOLD I. KING OF THE NETHERLANDS. ACKERMAN, Mr, R. Strand. Alexander, E. Esq. Susseax-place, Regent’ s-park. Allis, Mr. Thomas. York. Ames, Levi, Esq. Hereford-street, Park-lane. Audubon, J. J. Esq., F.R.S.L. and E., F.L.S. Backnell, G. Esq. Bermondsey-street. Bailliere, Mr. J. B. Regent-street. Baker, T. B. L. Esq., F.G.S. Hardwicke Court, Gloucestershire. —2 copies. Banks, D. Esq. -Adelphi-terrace. Beilby, Knott and Beilby, Messrs. Birmingham. Bell, Jacob, Esq. Oxzford-street. Bell, T. Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S. New Broad-street. Bengal Artillery Library, The. Bickersteth, R. Esq. Liverpool. Blackett, P. C. Esq. Green-street, Grosvenor-square. Bolam, W. Esq. Newcastle. Bond, Mrs. Devonshire-place. Boone, Mr. W. New Bond-street. Bowler, Col. H. J. Southampton. Bradford, the Right Hon. the Earl of, D.C.L., &c. Weston Hall, Staffordshire ; §c. Brandling, the Rev. R. H. Gosforth House, Northumberland. Brandling, W. R. Esq. Gosforth Lodge, Northumberland. 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Charleville, the Right Hon. the Earl of, F.R.S., F.A.S., Pres. R.LA. Charleville Forest, Tullamore, Ireland. Chatham, Philosophical and Literary Institution, The. Chearnley, R. Esq. Lismore, Ireland. Children, J. G. Esq., Sec. R.S., F.R.S.E., FLAS, &c. British Mu- seum. . Clarendon, the Rt. Hon. the Earl of, F.H.S. Peniline Castle, Gla- morganshire ; &c. Clark, W. B. Esq. Belford Hail, Northumberland. Clarke, Sir S. H. Bart., F.H.S., M.R.I. Aldwick Place, Bognor, Sussex. Clarke, W. S. Esq. St. John’s Cottage, Walling ford, Berks. Clerk, Sir George, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., F.LS., &c. Pennycuick House, Edinburghshire. Clitherow, Colonel. Boston House, Brentford. Cock, S. Esq. London Dock House. Collingwood, H. J. W. Esq. Lilburn Tower, Northumberland. Cooke, P. D. Esq., F.L.S., F.H.S., &c. Owston, Doncaster, Yorkshire. Cooke, R. Esq., F.H.S. Kentish Town. Cooper, Sir A. P. Bart. F.R.S. Conduit-street ; and Gadesbridge, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. Cooper, the Rev. Sir W. H. Bart., M.R.I. 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InpI,, and especially its central regions, presents a field the richness of whose stores at once invites and repays the industry of the naturalist; and although few scientific or enterprising travellers return to Europe without adding something to our knowledge, still the fact presses upon us, strengthened even by their researches, that much remains for the labourer. The fortunate possession of a valuable collection from the Himalaya mountains, has enabled the Author to lay this Century of hitherto unfigured Birds before the public; thus, as he humbly trusts, adding his mite to the treasury of scientific knowledge. In rendering these figures as perfect as possible, neither expense nor labour has been spared: the attention of the Author has been directed not only to general form and colour, but also to the accurate delineation of those minutize, the omission of which is too often observable in illustrations of Zoology. The high and extensive patronage which in the publication of this his first work the Author has received, he begs to acknowledge with the most lively gratitude ; and should the support of the public, which has already exceeded his most sanguine expectations, encourage him at a future period to give additional illustrations in the Ornithology of this or any other country, he pledges himself that no exertion shall be wanting on his part to render them worthy the patronage of the scientific public, and attest the sincerity of his gratitude for that which he has already received. Among the many who claim his thanks, the Author feels himself indebted in an especial manner to N. A. Vigors, Esq. M.P., for whose kindness on this and all occasions he returns his warmest acknowledgements. By that gentleman the originals of these illustrations were laid before the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society; and by him not only the nomenclature, but also the accompanying letter-press descriptions were liberally contributed. The Author begs also to return his grateful acknowledgements to the Hon. C. J. Shore, for the information he has afforded relative to the habits and localities of many of the species, and for the valuable MSS., containing original observations on the Ornithology of the Himalaya mountains, which he has placed at the Author's disposal. As it respects the originals, the Author begs to say that the public will now find them among the extensive collection of the Zoological Society, its Council having done him the honour to accept and deposit them in the Society's Museum, where they may be available for the purposes of science, and open to the inspection of those who are interested in the study of © Zoology. JOHN GOULD. PREFACE. THE acquisition of a small but valuable collection of Birds from the Himalayan Mountains by Mr. John Gould, F.L.S., Superintendent of the Ornithological Collection of the Zoological Society, afforded an opportunity, in the course of last year, of giving a sample of the Ornitho- logy of that interesting range. ‘The opportunity also occurring of employing the well-known abilities of Mrs. Gould in delineating these birds, it was considered expedient to make a selection of a hundred of the most important for publication, with the assurance of the execution of the Plates being equal to the interest of the subjects. The specimens were occasionally exhibited at the evening meetings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society, and descriptions given from time to ume of the new species, which were subsequently published in the “ Proceedings” of the Committee. In the course of the exhibition of the original collection, a few subjects were added from the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, from the Museums at Glasgow and Liverpool, and that of the Hon. C. J. Shore, figures of which were incorporated in the Work. The Century is now completed: and the following detailed descriptions of the species are intended to accompany the Plates. The whole of the original specimens from which the Plates were taken, amounting to ninety, are deposited in the Museum of the Zoological Society, to which they were most liberally pre- sented by Mr. Gould. A reference to the collections to which the remaining ten belong, will be added to the description of the respective species. It is not to be expected that much general information respecting the geographical distribu- tion of forms and species, which constitutes the chief value of local collections, can be derived from so limited a collection as the present. Still, many important inferences may be drawn from it, that throw much light on this important subject. ‘The most prominent feature, in this respect, of the collection, is the number of Northern forms that are found to exist in these com- paratively Southern latitudes ; a fact of course to be accounted for by the consideration of the elevation of these mountains affording a temperature equal to that of the most northern regions. ee PREFACE. Among the forms which remind us of the North of Europe, species may be noticed of the Jay and Nutcracker’, of the Titmouse, Goldfinch, Bulfinch, and Blackbird’, of the Cuckoo, Wood- pecker, and Creeper”, differing little in structure and disposition of their colours from our well- known British species. ‘The greater part of the British Ducks have been observed to inhabit these mountains. And other species of the Jatatorial birds,.as well as many of the Wading order, exhibit, if not the same specific characters, at least the exact forms of those of the North of Europe. The intermediate situation of these mountains, lying between the northern and southern parts of Asia, suggests to us the supposition of many southern Asiatic forms being united to those of the north. Accordingly we find some of the most prominent groups * lately charac- terized as belonging to Hindostan and the Eastern Archipelago, represented in the Himalayan mountains by new species. Several of the groups* also which are common to both Africa and India, have their representatives in this extensive district. And many of the Australian genera ° may be traced through the Archipelagan islands and the continent of India, until they reach their apparent northern limit in the mountains of Nepal. A few forms seem to be peculiar to this district, or at least to make it their central habitation. Among the most important of these are the splendid Pheasants which have been characterized by M. Temminck under the name of Lophophorus, of which the now well-known Impeyan Pheasant is the type ; the crested Pheasants, which the same naturalist has separated under the ttle of Euplocamus; and the horned Pheasants, which M. Cuvier has equally distinguished by the name of Tragopan. In addition to these, a form apparently belonging to the Shrzkes, and one to the ground Thrushes, as well as a very interesting form that unites the characters of some remote genera of the Wading Birds, will be found to be characterized’ for the first time, from the birds in the present collection. ' Garrulus, Cav. ; Nucifraga, Briss. * Parus, Linn. ; Carduelis, Briss. ; Pyrrhula, Briss.; Turdus, Auct. * Cuculus, Linn.; Picus, Linn. ; Certhia, Auct. * Such as Myophonus, Temm.; Enicurus, Temm.; Bucco, Auct. 5 Hematornis, Vig.; Muscipeta, Cuv. ; Lamprotornis, Temm. ; Pastor, 1d. ; Buceros, Linn. * Rhipidura, Vig. and Horsf. ; Cinclosoma, Kid. ; Pitta, Temm.; Pomatorhinus, Horsf. 7 These genera are named Hypsipetes, Zoothera, and Léedorhyncha. A second species of the first group, discovered in the Dukhun, has been described by Col. Sykes since the publication of the characters of the genus. OO = em vo Or 10. ie 12. 13. 14. 1d. 16. 17. 18. Lo, 20. a1 22. 23. 24. 205. 26. ale 28. 20. 30. 32. 33. 34. 30. 36. Bi. LIST OF PHATES. . Hematornis undulatus. . Falco Chicquera. . Otus Bengalensis. . Noctua cuculoides. . Alcedo guttatus. . Muscicapa melanops (male and female). . Muscipeta princeps. . ———— brevirostris (male and female). peregrina (male and female). Hypsipetes psaroides. Lanius erythropterus (male and female). -Collurio Hardwickii. erythronotus. Turdus erythrogaster (male and female). peecilopterus (male and female). Cinclosoma ocellatum. variegatum. erythrocephalum. — leucolophum *. Petrocincla cinclorhyncha +. Myophonus Horsfieldii. Temmincki. Zoothera monticola. Pitta brachyura. Cinclus Pallasii. Phoenicura rubeculoides. — ceruleocephala. J frontalis. — leucocephala. Enicurus maculatus. Scouleri. Parus xanthogenys. — monticolus. Sa erythrocephalus. ——— melanolophus. . Fringilla rodopepla. rodochroa. coon Pyrrhula erythrocephala. Carduelis caniceps. spinoides. Lamprotornis spilopterus (male and female). Pastor Traillii (male and female). Nucifraga hemispila. Garrulus striatus. 38. Garrulus bispecularis. 39. lanceolatus (male). A0. — —— (female). 41. Pica erythrorhyncha. 42, —— vagabunda. 43, —— Sinensis. A4, Buceros cavatus 45. Coccothraustes icterioides (male and female). 46. Bucco grandis. AT. Picus occipitalis. A8 squamatus. 49, —— Shorii. 50. hyperythrus (male and female). 51. —— Mabrattensis (male and female). 52. —— brunnifrons (male and female). 53. Cuculus sparverioides. 54. Himalayanus. 5d. Pomatorhinus erythrogenys. 56. Cinnyris Gouldie. 57. Vinago sphenura. 58. ———— militaris (male and female). 59. Columba leuconota. 60. Lophophorus Impeyanus (male). 61. (female). 62. Tragopan Satyrus. 63. — Hastingsii (male). 64. (young male). 65. (female). 66. Phasianus albo-cristatus (male). 67. (female). 68. ——_——— Staceii. 69. ——--—— Pucrasia (male). 70. — (female). 71. Perdix Chukar. 72. Olis nigriceps. 73. —— Himalayanus (male). T4, —- ———— (young male). 75. — —— (female). 76. Totanus glottoides. . Parra Sinensis. . Vanellus Goensis. 79, 80. Tbidorhyncha Struthersii. Anser Indicus. * Erroneously named Garrulus leucolophus in the plates. + Erroneously named Pheenicura cinclorhyncha in the plates. AQ ay. 2 — » . ey —— ool . an y ed cE i wa Beet E Ordo Raprorgs. Fam. FAtconip 2. Stirps AQUILINA. Genus HamaTornis. CHAaRACTERES GENERICI. Rostrum subforte, satis elongatum ; mandibul& superiori ad basin recta, ad apicem valde cur- vata ; naribus ovalibus, obliqué in cer§ positis. Ale \onge, subrotundate ; remge prima subbrevi; secunda tertidque longioribus ; quarta quintaque feré aqualibus, longissimis ; ceteris gradatim decrescentibus. Pedes subdebiles, subelongati; tars’s rugosis, squamatim reticulatis ; digitis subbrevibus, reticulatis ; wnguzbus fortibus. Cauda satis longa, subrotundata. TAB. I. HAEAMATORNIS UNDULATUS. Heem. supra intense brunneus, subtus brunnescenti-rufus ; pectore fusco undulatim fasciato ; abdomine ocellis albis brunneo circumdatis notato ; capite cristato, ptils caudaque nigro- brunneis, illo saturatiore, plumis criste ad basin albis ad apicem rufescenti marginatis ; rectrictbus fascia lata in medio, margineque gracili ad apicem rufescenti-albidis notatis ; regione carpal ocellis albis parvis maculata. Longitudo corporis, 2 ped. 4.unc. ; ale a carpo ad apicem remigis 4ta, 197; rostri,2; caude, 123; tarsi, 4; digite medi, ungue excluso, 13. Tue group which is characterized above, is at present composed of three well-defined species, according accurately with each other in their general structure, and differing merely in slight, but still well-marked modifications of specific character. From their comparative strength of body, the straight base and length- ened shape of the bill, and the bold habits which are known to belong to one at least of the species, they seem allied to that division of the Falconide which includes the Eagles ; while some of their minuter pecu- liarities, particularly the rugose hexagonal scales of the acrotarsia, apparently bring them into immediate alliance with the Ospreys, or the genus Pandion of M. Savigny. Two specimens of the species now described have been examined ; one belonging to Mr. Gould’s original collection, the second to a collection lately sent to this country by Mr. Hodgson, the British Resident at Nepal. Both specimens correspond in their markings, but differ in size, the latter being about one fourth larger ; a difference which may probably be attributed to sex. In both birds the colour of the back and wings is of an intense brown. ‘The head is crested ; the feathers white at the base, of a dark brown nearly approaching to black at the end, the hind ones being margined with a light rufous band at the apex. The wing-coverts near the carpal joint are deep brown marked with small white spots; the quill-feathers fuscous, darker at the apex, and marked with white towards the base of the interior web ; the cere, base of the beak and legs are yellow ; the claws black. The Plate represents the bird three fourths of its natural size. | i | Ordo RAPTORES. Kam. KALcCONIDz. Stirps F'ALconina. Genus Fatco, Auct. TAB. II. FALCO CHICQUERA, Lath. Falco supra pallide plumbeo-griseus, plumarum rhachibus ngris ; als ngro fascratis ; capite supra, nucha, strigdque utrinque subrictal rufis ; subtus albus, pectore nigro graciliter lineato, ab- . ° e A oe ° ° 7 A . . A a domine nigro_ fasciato ; cauda fasciis nigris gracilibus, alteraque latissuma prope apicem album notata. Longitudo corporis, 13+ unc.; ale a carpo ad apicem remigis 2dee, 9; rostri, +; tarsi, 13; caudce, 64. Tue drawing illustrative of the present species was taken from the only specimen contained in the col- lection ; but several specimens subsequently brought to this country by Major Franklin and Colonel Sykes have afforded further opportunities of examining the species. And from a careful comparison of a consider- able number of individuals it would appear that the original specimen from which the drawing was taken was a female in adult plumage ; from which the males offer no other difference than that of the usual inferiority of size, characteristic of the family. The Chicquera Falcon appears to be extensively spread through India. In Bengal and the Dukhun it is reported by the above-mentioned travellers to be a bird of common occurrence. None of the travellers who have sent to this country specimens of this bird have afforded any information respecting its habits and manners: nor are there any details on the subject to be found in the published accounts of the species. From its structure, however, it may be presumed that the Palco Chicquera, notwith- standing a slight departure, in the somewhat shortened wing, from the more typical form of the family, partakes of the bold and predatory habits of the genus; the beak beg strong, and the notch so typically developed as almost to present a double dentation, which added to its short feet and powerful talons indicate that it takes the same place in the Oriental world that the Peregrine and other typical Falcons do in our northern regions. The skin round the eyes and the base of the bill are yellow; the latter becoming black at the tip; the cere naked. The tarsi also are yellow ; the nails black. The crown of the head, back of the neck, and mustaches below the eyes are bright ferruginous brown; the cheeks and throat white. The whole of the back, shoulders and secondaries, are beautiful slate-grey, with irregular, obscure bars ; the primaries blackish brown. The tail is slate-grey with faint bars of blackish brown, and a broad black band near its extremity, each feather being tipped with white. The whole of the under surface is white with barb-shaped markings of brown. ~ y 2 s a Se oe Ordo RaAPprores. Fam. STRIGID®. Genus Orws, Cu. Tas. ILI. OTUS BENGALENSIS. Ot. pallide rufescens, fusco alboque undulatim varregatus ; nuche pectorisque plumes in medio strig& lata brunneo-nigra notatis ; abdomine fusco graciliter fasciato ; remigibus rectricibusque lateralibus prope apicem brunneo fasciatis, his meds per totam longitudinem similiter notatis. Longitudo corporis, 1 ped. 8 unc.; ale, 1 ped. ; cauda, 62 unc. ; tarsz, 4. Tue first notice of this remarkable bird is in the ‘‘ General History of Birds” of Dr. Latham, who seems inclined to consider it a variety of the great Eagle Ow/ rather than as a distinct species. ‘The fine collection of Birds brought from India by Major Franklin of the Hon. E. I. C. S., contained a specimen of this species which he considered as possessing characters sufficient to warrant its being separated as a new species, an opinion with which a repeated and minute examination of several specimens leads us to coincide. The range of this fine Owl appears to be very extensive, being generally and rather abundantly found over the whole of the low lands of India, as well as in the elevated range of the Himalayan Mountains, whence the present specimen was received. ‘The very valuable MS., abounding in accurate and judicious remarks from personal observation, which has been placed at our disposal by the kindness of its author, the Hon. F. J. Shore, gives the following particulars. ‘‘ Killed in the Doon; builds in trees, the nest being composed of large and small sticks ; the female laying two large eggs mottled with black reddish-brown and white. Its native name in the Doon, is Hokra* Cheel; the natives considering it among the Cheel or Atte genus, and affirming that it is strong enough, and does in fact attack and kill wild cats.” The zrides of this bird are represented in Mr. Shore’s Drawings of a yellow colour, and they are described by Col. Sykes} as having the ‘external margin dark orange, gradually changing to yellow at the internal margin.” It may be observed that the species of Oz/s which have a bright zs, such as our short-eared and Scops Owls, are diurnal in their habits; and the observation may be extended to the present species. Col. Sykes states that he has at all times seen the species in full activity by day; so much so that he has on several occasions chased them unsuccessfully at that time ; a circumstance which rarely happens among the nocturnal species. The name Cheel or Kite, originally applied to a bird which preys by day, when applied to the present species may probably refer to its diurnal habits. Col. Sykes states in addition, that the favourite haunts of these birds are extensive plains, where they may be generally seen seated on large stones. At other times however, but rarely, he has observed them in glens and more secluded places. Their favourite food, he adds, is rats ; but he has met, at times, with erustacea and birds in their stomachs. Their Mahrattee name is Goodur. * Hokra is the name of a district in the Himalayan range. + Proceed. of Zool. Soc. Part II. p- Si. al ener meetenenlinnnianamapenpanni a nn Sooo terete enn re eeneeneeeceermmerenamnmeenen Di cccrtisecuiesienaiininase Lrinted by CHiudimanded: oo WD Fz] Ea = S a YO =) oO NOC TUA Drawn from Naiure and on Stone by L Gould. . soe: vita cinc iit : seroma —— ee ——~ ee ee ———E——E——EEEEEE—EE ee Sess sss ss ss ss ss om Ordo RaAprores. Fam. STRIGID 2. Genus Noctua, Cuv. TAB, FV. NOCTUA CUCULOIDES. Noct. brunneo-fusca ; capite, dorso, tectricibus alarum, corporeque subtus albo graciliter fasciatis ; remigibus externé albo maculatis ; rectricibus utrinque fasciis albis quinque notatis ; gula AN alba. Longitudo corporis, 9+ unc.; ale, 5+; caude, 34; tarsi, 14. Tuis small Ow/, which is here placed among that division of the family to which M. Cuvier has applied the title of Noctua, is the only example of the species that has as yet come under our observation. There is an African species figured in the splendid Work of M. Temminck *, which closely resembles it both in size and the general character of its plumage; the colour of the upper surface, however, is more rufous, and the transverse bars less numerous and more obscure, being whiter with large irregular spots of deep chestnut, and assuming the figure of regular bars on the side of the chest. The present species may be observed to be more uniform in its plumage, being brown above and below with distinct narrow lines of yellowish white, and exhibiting the style of colouring of the immature Cuckoo, whence its specific name of cuculoides. It appears to be strictly confined to the range of the Himalayan Mountains, having never been brought to Europe, so far as is known, from any other part of India. In size, the Noctua cuculoides closely approximates to the Passerine Owl of Europe, to which we should expect it to be allied in habits and manners. * Chouette Brame, Pl. Col. 68. nena ET ae TET Ordo INnsEssores. Stirps Fisstrostres. Fam. Hatcyonip 2. Genus Atcepo, Auct. TAB. V. ALCEDO GUTTATUS. Alc. cristatus, supra ater, maculis rotundis albis guttatim notatus ; subtus albus; coll lateribus pectoreque atro maculatis. Longitudo corporis, 1 ped. 3 unc.; ale, 64 unc. ; rostrt, 3; caude, 44+ ; tarsi, 1. Tus Aingsfsher is nearly equal in size to the well-known South African species Acedo maximus, to which it bears a close affinity; the round white spots on the back form, however, a well-marked specific difference. The species, as far as is yet known, appears confined to the Himalayan district. The collection which formed the foundation of this Work contained only one example; which, with a solitary specimen in the col- lection of the Hon. C. J. Shore, killed in Sukneana, a district adjoining the Doon, are the only individuals that have as yet been brought to this country. The specimen in the Hon. C. J. Shore’s collection offers some little differences in colour from the specimen figured, having faint transverse bars of an ash-colour pervading the whole of the flanks; the throat also is surrounded by a faint rufous-coloured crescent intermingled with dark blotches. This rufous colour, although not permanent, pervades at certain seasons a number of the species of this genus. Mr. Shore considers both sexes alike in plumage. It feeds on fish, aquatic insects, &c., and is called by the natives Muchee-bag, i. e. Fish-tiger. Mr. Shore informs us, that ‘‘ it constructs a nest among large stones, composed of mud lined with grasses adhering to the side of a stone similar to the nest of the swallow ; and lays four eggs coloured hke itself.” | j ia ie if a ee é t oe | { i r i i H SSSSSSeeaoaomoeaeaeaeaoanennas=®=@=@ooqmqeaeee————oaOa=Qooa EES - nee SS << ——>— —— ——SSSESESESEESEEEEEEESSS——SS=—=—=—= ——— ee ——— spas abit Ordo INSESSORES. Tribus DENTIROSTRES. Kam. MuscicaPip&. Genus MuscicaPa. Tas. VI. MUSCICAPA MELANOPS. Mase. Musc. unicolor ceesio-cerulea ; regione rictali circumocularique atris ; caudd subtis Susco- atra. Foem. minis intensé colorata ; viridisque magis quam cerulea. Longitudo corporis, 6 unc. ; ale, 3+; rostri, +; tarsi, +; caude, 22. Tur Muscicapa Melanops presents a new feature among the Fly-catchers as it regards style of colouring, being intermediate between those of the East endowed with brilliant scarlet, and others in our northern regions which possess a more unostentatious and quiet livery. The only species which we know to approach the present in the tints of its plumage is one introduced to science by Dr. Horsfield under the name of Muscicapa Indigo, but which possesses characters sufficiently distinguishing it as a separate species. Although little is known respecting the habits and manners of the WZ. Melanops, still, as we have seen it in collections from other parts of India, we are able to say that it is extensively spread, since it thus appears that it is found in the Dukhun as well as in the range of the Himalaya mountains, doubtless at their more temperate altitudes, their stationary residence being most probably determined by the abundance of food, which is well known to consist of the softer-winged insects. The whole of the upper and under surface is of lively verditer blue changing in different lights to various tints of green ; beak, legs, and the under webs of the quill-feathers, as well as the intermediate space between the eye and the base of the bill, black. Female rather less than the male, which it greatly resembles, but from which it may be distinguished by a less brilliant colour, and by the absence of the black mark between the bill and the eye. The Plate represents a male and female of the natural size. ini intl mrarded: & Lily nled by FY KG eye Ct eee 7 8 : 8 S one by ah 5 a 7 & on Slo, Natur WI VIL TY VOOM ¢ n SSS SSS — — aa ites Ordo INSEssoRESs. Tribus DENTIROSTRES. Fam. Muscicapip®. Genus PHAENICORNIS. Tabs. VII. PHANICORNIS PRINCEPS. Pheen. capite, collo, dorso summo, alis, rectricibusque duabus medus nigris ; corpore inferior, dorso amo, fascia lata alarum, maculis paucis remigum secundariarum, rectricibusque lateralibus aurantio-cocciners ; rostro fortiore. Longitudo corporis, 9 unc.; ale, 4+; caude, 4+; rostri, 1; tarsa, +. Ir was not till after the publication of the Plates of this richly coloured bird and its allied species, that it was discovered that Mr. Swainson had separated the form to which they expressly belong, from the rest of the Fly-catchers, into a new genus under the name of Phenicornis, taking the Muscicapa flammea of former authors as its type. Of this genus, which has been well characterized and most justly separated by Mr. Swainson, the accompanying Plates represent three well-marked species, of which the present is the largest and most brilliant in its markings. Its characters are, however, the same as in the rest of its genus, except perhaps that its bill is somewhat more strongly developed. With the exception of a single specimen in a private collection, that from which the figure was taken is the only one with which we are acquainted. Both these specimens were males ; the female has not yet been seen. To the history of this species nothing can be added ; the specimens alluded to, however, were from the Himalayan range, to which it is suspected its Aadctat is confined. The whole of the head, throat, shoulders, upper part of the back, scapulars, tips of the quill-feathers and secondaries, and the two middle tail-feathers, are of a deep glossy black; a large central spot in the wings, the edges of the secondaries, and the whole of the rest of the plumage are of a lively orange-scarlet. The figure is of the natural size. i i H j j ! : | : . L i a { fi 3 i 1 . | H . ‘ NX ri Yj f i Tabs. VIII. PHAENICORNIS BREVIROSTRIS. Mase. Phen. capite, collo, nucha, dorso superiori, als, rectricibusque meds splendenti-nigris ; corpore infra, dorso imo, pteromatum apicrbus, fascia remigum, rectricibusque lateralibus splendidé cocciners ; rostro brevi, subdebilt. Foem.? fronte, corpore infra, dorso amo, fascia alarum, rectricibusque lateralibus flavis ; capite, A e ° ° . . ° e . oe . . nucha, scapulartbus, dorsoque superiori grisess ; alis rectricibusque meds nigris. Longitudo corporis, 81 unc.; ale, 3+; rostri,ve; tarst, ?; caudee, 4. S$ P ’ ? ’ 9 ’ 9 85 Tus beautiful example of the genus Phenicornis, to which we have given the name of drevirostris, agrees very closely in many respects with the P. fammeus. It possesses, however, characters sufficiently well marked to separate it from that species ; the first of which consists in the abbreviated size of the beak, while the general size of the body in both is the same ; the tail of P. brevirostris is also considerably longer, producing a more slender and graceful contour of figure; and the brilliant crimson of the male is much more intense. As is usual with its allied congeners, the female of this species presents a fine orange yellow where in the male it 's a brilliant scarlet ; the black is also supplied by a grey with more or less of an olive tinge. As far as researches have hitherto extended, we may venture to say that the P. drevirostris is, like the P. princeps, peculiar to the range of the Himalaya mountains, as in all the various ornithological collections from the other parts of India, which we have had an opportunity of inspecting, no example has been detected. Mr. Shore informs us that it is found very generally spread over the hills, especially in the warmer places, where it is sometimes seen in flocks. We have abundant testimony, on the other hand, that the P. flammeus is not only extensively spread over continental India, but is equally common in the adjacent islands. The colour of the male is like that of P. prnceps ; the scarlet, however, is much more intense, and the edges of the secondaries want the slight scarlet margination where it is found in the former bird. The Plate represents the male and female of the natural size. ' ; i 1 Tas. IX. PH ENICORNIS PEREGRINA. Mase. Phen. rostro tarsisque atris, capite summo dorsoque cinerevs ; gula humerrs, rectricibusque ee e . oA ° e ° . . medits quatuor atris ; pectore, uropygvo, fascia alarum rectrictbusque externis cocceners. Fom. Capite dorsoque, fusco-cinereis ; alis fuscis, fascia aurantia obscuré notatis ; pectore flores- centi-albo, uropygto coccineo. Longitudo corporis, 5z une. ; ale, 22; caudcee, 23; rostri, +; tarst, +. Or this interesting genus of Fly-catchers the Phenicornis peregrina is the least in size, and the most obscure in colouring ; still, however, it strictly adheres in essential characters to the typical form of the group. It appears to be more extensively spread than any other of these beautiful birds, occurring not only in the mountainous districts but also on the flat lands of India, where it was observed by Major Franklin, in whose collection we find several specimens. Of its habits we have a very imperfect knowledge, and we are sorry that there are no recorded facts respecting it, upon which we can depend. The adult male is distinguished by the uniform leaden grey, and the whole of the upper part of the head and back, the cheeks, the throat, shoulders, quills and four middle tail-feathers are black; the breast, the rump, and outer tail-feathers with a small bar on the wings are scarlet ; the under. parts silvery with a slight wash of orange. The female is much more uniform in her colouring, wanting the black throat which as well as the upper surface is of a dull grey ; the four middle tail-feathers are of a brownish black; the outer tail-feathers, the rump, and a spot in the centre of the wing, pale orange. The Plate represents a male and female of the natural size. Fam. LANIAD. Genus HvpsirPeres. CHaractTeres GENERICI. Rostrum subelongatum, debile, parum curvatum, ad apicem leviter emarginatum; narzbus basilibus, lateralibus, longitudinalibus, membran& partim clausis ; rictus setis paucis, parum rigidis. Ale subelongatee, subacuminate ; remoge prima brevi, secunda longiori septimee zequali, tertia et sextA zequalibus, quarta et quinta zqualibus longissimis. Pedes brevissimi, debiliores ; acrotarszs scutellatis. Cauda subelongata, forficata, rectricibus extrorsum spectantibus. TAB. X. HYPSIPETES PSAROIDES. Hyps. capite supra subcristato, remigum apicrbus, rectrictbusque nigris ; corpore alisque cineraceo- griseis ; abdomine imo erissoque pallidiortbus. Rostrum pedesque flavi. Tectrecum alarum remigumque pogonia interna fusca. Tectrices alarum inferiores cineraceo-grisez. Longitudo corporis, 11z unc. ; ale a carpo ad apicem remigis 3tia, 5; rostra, 1; tarsi, +; caudee, 4x. Two or three specimens of this singular bird were in the collection which exhibited the first examples of the genus thus established ; subsequently, however, two or three other species have been made known to science, fully confirming the propriety of separating the group. Of the manners and habits of the Hypsipetes psaroides we have to regret that no information has hitherto reached us. We may be led to conclude from the general form, the pointed wing, the broad and forked tail, and the shortened tarsi, that its natural situation is semi-aérial,—. e., that it resides among trees, but ob- tains its food principally in the air. We have reason to believe that the sexes exhibit no difference in their plumage. The head is slightly crested with narrow black feathers. The general plumage is of a cinereous grey, becoming paler on the under parts, the tips of the wings and the tail excepted, which are of a brownish black ; a few black feathers occupy the sides of the face ; the beak and feet are orange. We have figured an adult bird of its natural size. iy LO Zz CMM i) F 7 G A Male e SN Genus Lantus, Auct. TAB. XI. LANIUS ERYTHROPTERUS. Mase. Lan. nuchd dorsoque griseis ; capite supra, alrs, caudaque atres ; corpore subtus, striga superciliart, remigumque apicibus albis ; alis macula lata rubra notatis. Foem. Capite griseo ; dorso, alis, rectricibusque virescenti-olivaceo notatis ; harum apicebus flavis. Longitudo corporis, 0% UNC. ; ale, 3+; caudee, 2+; tarsi, 1%; rostra, $. Tur collection contained two or three pairs of this singular bird, which are the only specimens that have ever come under our notice. The shortness of the tail, the elongation of the tarsi, and the general contour of the body, indicate a departure from any of the more typical forms of the genus to which it is provisionally assign- ed, and we yet wait for some account of its habits and manners to ascertain its relative situation in nature. The sexes offer well-contrasted differences in the colour of their plumage. In the male the crown, back of the neck, wings and tail are black with green reflections,—with this excep- tion, that the tips of the quill-feathers are white, and the secondaries fine rich chestnut ; the whole of the back and rump are grey; the throat, breast and under parts white with a roseate tinge, especially about the flanks and thighs. The upper mandible is black, the under grey ; the tarsi yellow. In the female the head and occiput are dark grey ; the back light brown; the shoulders olive green, as are the edges of the quill-feathers, which are otherwise black and tipped with white as in the male; the tail is olive green verging into black, each feather being tipped with yellow ; the breast and under parts are of a dull brownish white ; beak and tarsi as in the male. The figures are of the natural size. Il. COLLURIO HARDWICRKII. ° ~ K \ zy RY THRONOTU 7 A.# z Cmomned YU LLUA nb 7 & ow Stone by 4. Goute 4 a VOW VACMVE i § r f Genus Cotiurio, Vig. Cuaracterts Genericr. Rostrum pedesque ut in genere Lanio. Ale subrotundatz, breves; remige prima brevi, secund’ sequentibus paullo breviore, tertid quarta et quinta feré eequalibus longissimis. Cauda elongata, gradata. Typus genericus, Lanius Excubitor, Linn. Tas. XII. Fig. 1. COLLURIO HARDWICKIIL. Coll. capitis parte anteriore, striga per oculos ad collum extendente, alts, caudaque nigris ; capitis vertice, corpore infra, macula media alarum, caudee tectricibus, rectrictbus duabus lateralibus, ceterarumque, quatuor mediis exceptis, basi apiceque albis ; occypite, nucha, dorsoque imo albescenti-grisets ; dorso medio lateribusque abdominis Serrugieis. Rostrum pedesque nigri. Caput superné albo nigroque colore in duas feré partes transversim divisum. Longitudo corporis, 8 unc. ; ale a carpo ad apicem remigis 3tia, 34; rostri, 2; tarsi, +; caudee, 33. Tus interesting example of the genus Codlurio is named in honour of that zealous naturalist Major-General Thomas Hardwicke. In size it is somewhat inferior to the common Red-backed Shrike of Kurope, which we have every reason to believe it resembles in its habits and manners. Its range in India is very extensive, as it occurs in most collections both from the plains and mountains. A black band passes over the forehead, encircles the eyes, and extends round towards the back of the neck ; wings black with a white central spot; the top of the head, the under part of the body, the tail-coverts, and the two lateral tail-feathers are white; the four middle tail-feathers black with white tips; the back of the neck and lower part of the back are grey; middle of the back and sides of the belly ferruginous. Tas. XII. Fig, 2. COLLURIO ERYTHRONOTUS. Coll. strigd frontal per oculos ad medium colli extendente, alts, rectricubusque quatuor mediis megris ; capite supra, nuchd; dorso superiort, rectrictbusque lateralibus pallidé ctnereis ; corpore mfra, alarum maculé media, remigum interiorum apicibus, rectricum lateralium marginibus omniumque apicibus, albis ; scapularibus, dorso imo, abdominisque lateribus Serruginets. Rostrum pedesque nigri, illus mandibuld inferiori ad basin flavescenti. Striga per oculos nigra, supra graciliter albo marginata. ‘Tectrices alarum inferiores albze. Longitudo corporis, 10 unc. ; ale, a carpo ad apicem remigis 3tiz, 3%; rostri, +; tars?, 14; caude, 4+. In its style of colouring the present species is somewhat similar to the preceding, from which however it may be distinguished by its larger size. It appears to be by no means so common, and to be almost exclusively confined to the mountains. A black frontal band passes through the eyes to the middle of the neck, bordered above with a white line : the wings are black with a white central mark; the four middle tail-feathers black tipped with white ; the top of the head, back of the neck and mantle together with the lateral tail-feathers are ash-coloured ; the remainder and lower parts of the belly ferruginous ; the throat and breast white. Of these two birds, the Plate represents what may be considered as males in adult plumage. = SSS SSS | i H i | i i a | {j ill Tas. XIII. TURDUS ERYTHROGASTER. Mas. Turd. grisescenti-ceruleus ; genis, colli lateribus, remigibusque atris ; pectore, abdomane, crissoque rufis. Fem. Cinerascenti-brunnea, dorso imo obscure fusco fasciato, collo im fronte albescentt, fusco- brunneo notato ; pectore, abdomine, crissoque rufescenti-albo undulatim notates. Longitudo corporis, 82 unc. ; alee, 42; caudw, 3+; rostrt, 1; tarse, 1. Tue present beautiful species of Thrush exhibits a marked departure in the style of colourmg from its more typical congeners; and were it not that its form dictated the situation in which it is retained, it would other- wise seem to be allied in many respects to the genus Peérocincla. It is a native exclusively of the rocky districts of the Himalaya, and is never found in the low lands. The male of this species has the upper surface of a deep greyish blue, and the cheeks, sides of the neck and quill-feathers black ; the breast and whole of the under surface of a fine rufous ; beak and tarsi black. The female differs, as may be seen in the Plate,—a singular contrast to her richly painted male, being of a sober brown on the upper parts with a yellowish white mark on the sides of the neck, and the under parts of the same colour, thickly intermingled with spots of brown. The birds are represented of their natural size. & 5 8 SS x YS S = LW ATT Ye L5. FOU, Cj OW SCORE 6 WILT FOWUN JS Dra Tas. XIV. TURDUS PQCILOPTERUS. Mas. Turd. corpore nigro, abdomine wo subcinerascenti-fusco ; remigum mediarum pogonis externis pteromatibusque cineraceo-grisers, his apice albis ; rostro pedibusque flavis. Foem.? Corpore supra brunnescenti-griseo, subtus pallidior? ; pteromatibus remigumque mediarum pogoniis externis ut im mart notatis, sed colore subrufescenti-tinctis. Longitudo corporis, 9 une. ; ale, 5%; caudee, 4; rostri, 14; tarse, 1s. Tux observations originally made respecting the accordance in the forms of Birds in different and distant countries whose temperatures assimilate, are strongly exemplified in the present species, which appears to be closely allied to our Blackbird, (Turdus Merula, Linn.,) and which it may be said to represent among the mountains of India whose altitude brings them to an European temperature: in fact, were it not for the large grey mark in the centre of the wing in the male, it might be easily mistaken for that well-known species. As far as we have hitherto been able to ascertain, it has never been found in the hot plains in India. It is certainly a bird of great rarity,—the collection from which this work is formed containing the only example known of its occurrence. The sexual difference of plumage is greater than is found in the Blackbird of Kurope. The plumage of the male is black, with the exception of a large grey space occupying the middle of the wing; the bill is yellow, and the tarsi light brown. In the female the upper parts are light olive-brown, the wings having a tinge of rufous ; the under surface is of an uniform greyish brown, the beak and tarsi as in the male. fa rE SSS ee Genus Cinciosoma, Vig. et Horsf. TAB. XV. CINCLOSOMA OCELLATUM. Cinclos. capitis fronte et laterrbus, corporeque supra rufo-brunners, vertice, colloque in fronte nigro-brunnevs ; pectore albescenti-rufo nigro fasciato ; abdomine pallidé rufo, nucha, dorso, . . . coN e oN . . . ee alts, caudceque tectrictbus ocellis anticé atris posticé albis, notatis ; remegibus rectricubusque lateralibus griseo-fuscis, aprcebus albis. Rostrum pedesque flavescentes; illius culmine fusco. Remigum mediarum pogonia externa grisea, strigam griseam alarem exhibentes. Tectrices alarum inferiores rufo nigro ~ albescentique variegatae. Longitudo corporis, 14 unc. ; ale, a carpo ad remigis 6tz apicem, 5; rostr2, 1yc; tarsi, 1i%; caude, 7. Tus singular bird—which is referred to the genus Cinclosoma, a genus differing from the Thrushes, Shrikes, and Crows, to each of which it offers certain points of analogy—is a species of the greatest rarity; neither descriptions, drawings nor specimens, having come under our notice previously to the one in the present collection ; and even now, a solitary example is, we believe, all that our museums can boast of. The loose flowing feathers of its back, together with its short rounded wings and graduated and lengthened tarsus, ally it in a very marked manner to the Bush Shrikes of South America: our opinion, however, wants that confirmation which a knowledge of its habits and manners alone can impart. The specimen alluded to was received from the mountains, to the remote part of which we have every reason to believe it is exclu- sively confined. The head is slightly crested with blackish brown feathers; the cheeks, wings, the whole of the upper surface, and the two middle tail-feathers, are rufous brown; each feather on the back being tipped with white, those on the upper parts having a black band above the white spot; the throat is blackish brown; the breast pale rufous, banded with black ; the whole of the under parts uniform pale brown; the quill- and outer tail- feathers are dark silvery grey tipped with white; the beak and feet brown. The figure is of the natural size. Se a . en em ee eer ae iia TaB. XVI. CINCLOSOMA VARIEGATUM. Cinclos. Strigd @ rictu per oculos extendente, mento colloque in fronte, macula pteromatum et media alarum, rectricumque mediarum basibus atris ; fronte, strigd genarum mnfra, pectoreque pallide albescenti-rufis ; nota pteromatum, abdomie crissoque rups ; capite supra, nucha, dorsoque brunnescenti-griseis ; alarum pogonis eaxternis, rectricumque medrarum quatuor apicibus CINETACEO-TISELS 5 rectricibus quatuor utrinque lateralibus eaterné flavo- olwvaceis, apicibus albis. Rostrum nigrum ; pedes rubri. Longitudo corporis, 11 une. ; ale a4 carpo ad apicem remigis 6te, 4; rostri, 5; tarst, 0; caudee, 4%. We are here presented. with another species of this peculiar form, which with the succeeding undoubtedly belongs to the same genus with the Cinclosoma ocellatum, to which, in many of its markings and general characteristics, it is closely allied, as more particularly in the short rounded wing, the graduated tail, and strong tarsi. In size, however, it is considerably inferior ; and although we believe it is equally confined to the mountains, it is much more common, as we have observed more than one in Himalayan collections. Like the true Zhrushes, we believe these birds offer little or no external difference in the plumage of the sexes. From the base of the beak a black band spreads round the eye, becoming paler as it approaches the occiput 5 the forehead and cheeks are pale brownish white ; the throat black ; the whole of the upper surface greyish olive ; a conspicuous band of black occupies the shoulder and centre of the wing ; the quills have the external edges grey, the mner black with the exception of the two outer; the middle tail-feathers are black at their base, the outer ones being edged with yellowish olive and tipped with white; the breast is pale grey; the under tail-coverts rufous brown ; the beak brown ; the tarsi light brown. TL ee ne aE A EL ae: LLUAMOAY lrmied by C- eA PHALA. y | Ji q A | RY THR OC Q A Ik TaB. XVII. CINCLOSOMA ERYTHROCEPHALUM. Cinclos. supra cineraceum, subtus pallidius, rubro leviter tinctum; nuchad maculis atris semaluna- ribus grandibus, pectore gracilioribus notatis ; gulad notisque auricularibus nigris ; capite a notaque alarum castaneo-rufis. Longitudo corporis, 9> unc. Tue present species, which appears to be of equally frequent occurrence with the last, is also peculiar to the Himalayan range. We are informed by Mr. Shore, to whose MS. we are indebted for our information respecting the habits of this bird, that it is by no means uncommon in the district called Awmoun; where it frequents shady ravines, building in hollows in their precipitous sides, and making its nest of small sticks and fine grasses, the eggs being four in number, of a sky blue. As might be expected from its affinity to the Zhrushes in general, the sexes present little or no difference of plumage ; the feathers at the back of the head of the male, however, appear to be elongated in a trifling degree. The whole of the upper part is cinereous olive: the top of the head, the occiput, and a spot on the shoulders are dark rufous; the throat is black; the neck marked with large black semilunar dots, which extend round to the breast, where they become smaller and more diffused ; the under surface is pale grey with a tinge of red ; the beak black; the tarsi horn-brown. The Plate represents the species of the natural size. TaB. XVIII. : CINCLOSOMA LEUCOLOPHUM. Tuts interesting bird has hitherto been but little seen in collections. It is a species having many synonyms, and almost as many generic appellations ; and in adding that of Cinclosoma, we consider ourselves borne out by its strong resemblance in form and other essential characteristics to the various species of that genus. General Hardwicke informs us that it is known in India by the name of Rawi-Khuy, or Rawil Kuhy ;— by the English residents it is called the Laughing Crow, from the circumstance of these birds assembling in numbers of twenty to fifty, and making a noise closely resembling many persons laughing together. It is common in the forests between Hurdwar and Sireenagur, and feeds on the fruits there met with. The plumage of the back, wings, and sides is olive-brown,; on the tail the brown is that of umber: the head is ornamented with an elevated crest of rounded feathers ; a black line passes from the base of the beak through the eyes, and occupies the ear-coverts :—excepting this black mark, the whole of the head is white, as are also the throat and breast; the feathers of the crest as they approach the occiput appear as if slightly washed with Indian ink ; the whole of this white space is bounded by a band of rufous, broad at the back of the neck, narrower down the sides, and broad on the breast, which loses itself in the olive brown of the rest of the body ; beak and tarsi black. Total length, 11 inches ; wings, 5; beak, 15; tarsi, 12; tail, 7+. / } Tas. XIX. PETROCINCLA CINCLORHYNCHA. Petr. gents, dorso, alas caudaque nigris; pectore, abdomine, crisso, wropygroque rufis ; capite \ . . . . . A A supra, pugulo, regroneque carpalt alarum cano-lazulinis ; macula alarwn alba. Longitudo corporis, 6% unc.; ale, A 7osira, Ws farst, «; caude, 3. Turs bird is rather less in size than the Petrocincla savatilis of the European Continent. In the disposition of its markings it departs from the typical species of the genus, and appears to ally itself to that of Phenicura. It is a rare species; and although it occurs among the mountains, whence we have received two specimens, it is not confined to them, but is found equally in the low lands, the collections of Colonel Sykes and Major Franklin containing several specimens. We have nothing more to add regarding its habits, except that, like the rest of its congeners, it frequents rocky and stony districts. As all the specimens hitherto brought to this country have strictly resembled each other, we are led to conclude that there is no sexual difference in the colour of the plumage, though it is possible that only males have as yet been collected. Its food is said to consist of various species of insects, to which most probably are added the berries and fruits of plants indigenous to alpine districts. | The top of the head, the occiput, the throat and shoulders, are of a beautiful lazuline blue; the cheeks and back black, as are also the wings, with a broad white bar across the secondaries. The tail is black, with a slight bloom of the same blue which occupies the head ; the breast and the whole of the under parts, the rump and tail-coverts, are full bright rufous ; the beak is black ; the tarsi brown. The Plate represents a bird of the natural size. i | / | i } eee TI ee TAB. XX. MYOPHONUS HORSFIELDILI. Myoph. cerulescenti-ater, fronte, humeris, margintbusque plumarum pectoris splendidé ceerulers. Statura Myoph. cyanez, Horsf. 3 Longitudo corporis, 10: unc.; ale, 6; rostr2, 1%; tarse, 14; caude, 5. Tuts very beautiful species of Myophonus is named in honour of that distinguished follower of science Dr. Horsfield. ‘The genus in which it is entered was first characterized by M. Temminck: the propriety of separating it is now confirmed by the addition of the present and a third species figured in the succeeding Plate, Myophonus Temminckit. As regards the habits and mode of life of the birds of this group, little can be said with certainty, excepting that, from their lengthened tarsi and general structure, they may be con- sidered as depending in a great measure for their subsistence upon the worms, insects and larvae which inhabit the surface of the earth. Although we have figured this bird as an inhabitant of the Himalayan mountains, yet, from having subsequently learned that it is met with in considerable abundance in the plains in their vicinity, we are not warranted in stating that those elevated regions are its exclusive habitat ;—specimens, indeed, have been procured by collectors even so far south as Madras. The general plumage of this species is black with reflections of metallic blue ; a semilunar line of deep blue extends across the forehead from eye to eye; and the shoulders are resplendent with a still deeper tinge of the same lustrous hue; the head with the exception of the line of blue, the neck, and breast are jet black ; but on the lower part of the breast and abdomen each feather is elegantly edged at its extremity with bright blue ; the back, wings, and tail are black, reflecting a rich bloom of blue, which in some lights prevails over the sable ground colour; the beak and tarsi are black. The figure is of the natural size. | } i a i | i a Tl | el | a f b { i b u ; f ¥ a al 7 j 1 i | a ie | ; } | } } | e665 ia 2) | PTT ty 1) | reper Fas. XXL MYOPHONUS TEMMINCKII. Myoph. ater, azwreo nitens, corporis m fronte plumis in medio metallicé splendentibus ; abdomine . XX . . ° one 7 e fusco-atro; capite supra im fronte regioneque carpali alarum lazulines ; tectricibus alarum parce ccesio-albo maculatis ; rostro flavo. Statura Myoph. flavirostris (metallicus, Temm.), cui simillimus : differt rostro graciliori, colore splendidiore corporis caudzque, capitisque vertice lazulino. Tue present species fully equals in size the well-known Myophonus flavirostris, and is adorned with plumage, if possible, still more intense and brilliant in colour. The principal characteristics, however, which distinguish the species before us from the Javanese bird, are its more slender beak, more lengthened tarsi, and a tail longer in proportion to the dimensions of the body. The habitat of the two species differs widely :—for while the last-mentioned is distributed equally over the elevated regions of the Indian continent, the Myophonus flavirostris, on the contrary, is confined to Java, Sumatra, and the islands in the Eastern Archipelago. Mr. Shore notices in his MS., that the species is very abundant in the Himalayan mountains, where it is found equally in the warm regions of the Doon and the colder temperature of the Gurghwall,—that its native name is Aud/jet,—and that its habits and actions, when on the ground, much resemble those of the English Blackbird. Further than this no distinct information of its history has hitherto been collected. The general plumage is black with azure reflections ; the forehead and shoulders bright lazuline blue ; each feather on the back as well as on the sides of the neck and chest is glazed along its centre, which gives to those parts of the bird a metallic lustre; the quills are black ; bill yellow with a dark culmen; the tarsi black. The bird is figured of the natural size. } i | ar ae te daa Genus Zoo rnera. Cuaractreres GENERICI. Rostrum forte, elongatum, subcurvatum, subcompressum, culmine elevato; mandibuld superiori subemarginata, dente subapicali vix decernendda; naribus ovalibus, lateralibus; rictu vibrissis rigidis munito. Ale subbreves, subrotundate; remzgibus prima brevi, secund& multo longiore, tertid quarta quintaque feré zequalibus longissimis, sexta his breviori at prima longiori, ceteris gradatim decrescentibus. Pedes subelongati, subfortes, acrotarsis integris ; digztis anterioribus subfortibus, externis ad basin membrana connexis, internis liberis, medio longissimo; halluce elongato fortissimo, ungue forti elongato. Cauda subbrevis, zequalis ; rectricabus duodecim. TaB. XXII. ZOQOOTHERA MONTICOLA. Zooth. saturaté brunnea; colli in fronte nota longitudinal, pectoris notis parcis, abdomineque albis, hoc brunneo squamatim notato; femorum tectricibus, crissoque fuscis, hoc albo ma- culato. Longitudo corporis, 11+ unc.; rostri, 1; ale a carpo ad apicem remigis 4te, 6; ¢arsz, 1%; caudee, 4. Tuts very singular species, of which a solitary individual formed part of the collection, was at the time of the publication of the ‘‘ Century” the only one known to science: since that period, however, a second specimen has been received from the Nepaul hills, and which now forms a portion of the Honourable East India Company’s collection. The general plumage of this bird over the whole of the upper surface is dark brown ; the throat and fore- part of the neck is marked with a whitish longitudinal streak ; the breast is brown, obscurely blotched with a darker tint, presenting also a few spots of white; the under parts are white, spotted irregularly with brown; the beak and tarsi dark horn brown. The group to which this species belongs seems to have many characters in common with Pomatorhinus, Horsf., the chief mark of separation consisting in the strong and elevated bill. The alliance between these two groups may serve to indicate the affinities of the latter, whose place in the general system has been hitherto undetermined. The bird is figured of the natural size. j ' ‘ } | i A\ JON D> AN 24) =y = | = = | = haat “LITT Tap. XXIII. PITTA BRACHYURA. Ir may be observed, that in figuring this beautiful bird in the ‘ Century,” no novelty will be added to science, since the species has been already both described and figured by more than one author : but it has been thought proper to give a Plate of Pitta brachyura for the purpose of showing that the habitat of the genus is not restricted, as is generally stated to be the case, to the warmer portions of India, but extends to the colder regions of the Himalayan mountains, where the species before us has been found, as well as to New Holland, from which various species have been received. The habits of this bird, like those of its congeners, are strictly terrestrial: it gains its food wholly from the surface of the earth, to which station its length of limb points it out as peculiarly adapted, insects, worms, snails, &c., forming its principal means of subsistence. In its general manners as well as in its food it greatly resembles its allies the true Thrushes. On comparing these two nearly connected groups together, we may observe that although the vivid colourmg of the plumage of the present genus confers upon it a great superiority over that of the Thrushes, yet the disproportionate and almost grotesque form of the tail gives it a proportional inferiority in point of elegance of form. The plumage of the back is metallic green ; the shoulders and quills are black with a bar of white, each feather being tipped with grey; the scapulars and rump are bright lazuline blue; a black line extends from the beak to the occiput and down the neck, bordered on each side by olive brown ; the ear-coverts and sides of the neck are jet black; the throat white; the breast and under surface tawny ; the under tail-coverts are scarlet ; the bill black; the tarsi horn colour. The figure is of the natural size. ys | mS s&s Ss S ep 5 A Ne OY 7 NAME Ko on 2 Lrawn from NNT a, nu IIT ITI LT| HI TAB. XXIV. CINCLUS PALLASII. Cincl. unicolor, intensé brunneus ; rostro pedibusque, fusers. Statura Conch aquatics, Bechst. Tue present bird has been described by M. Temminck, who gave it the specific name of Pad/asw in honour of Pallas: no figure, however, of it has appeared previously to that in Plate XXIV. of the “Century.” As it is a species rarely occurring in collections, and of great interest as forming one of a genus which though limited in number is diffused throughout the old and new continents of the globe, it was more than desirable that a correct figure upon which reliance might be placed should be given to the scientific world. 1 known in the older continent, viz., our Common Dipper, (Cinclus aquaticus,) and the Two species are wel present. Mr. Swainson, however, has indicated a third from India, differing from Cinclus Pallasn. The C. Pallasii has all the habits and manners of our own species, frequenting mountainous streams, and feeding on aquatic snsects and their larvee, the fry and ova of fishes, &c., which it takes beneath the water. We suspect that the habitat of this bird is confined to the remote and northern districts of the Himalayan chain. Its colour is a uniform dull brown, which is not varied by sex and but slightly by age. The Plate represents an adult in full plumage. | | Ss > SY Wp 7 Stone by L, £ A/y Z CY VON & ony Hn ny nn 3 4 3S 2 LY = ‘ TAB. XY, Fe, 1. PH@@NICURA RUBECULOIDES. Phen. capite, collo, corporeque supra atro-ceruleis, capitis summo splendidiore ; abdomine albo ; pectore rufo. Statura Phan. communis. Tus species, whose name has been derived from the similarity of the colouring of its breast to that of our own Robin, is most probably confined to the more elevated parts of the Himalayan range. Its form, it may be suggested, bears a closer affinity to that of the species composing the genus Muscicapa, than to that of those ranked under Saxicola,—a group of birds to which Phenicura is most nearly allied. Its food consists of the smaller species of insects, with worms and caterpillars. No sexual difference, so far as has yet been ascertained, is observable in the colour of the plumage in the male and female; although it is more than probable that they are not entirely similar. The general plumage on the upper surface is blueish black ; the forehead and a line over each eye, as well as the tip of the shoulders, being of a more pure lazuline ; the breast is tawny rufous; the under parts are white; the beak black; the tarsi dark brown. TAR. XXYV., Fig. 2. PHCM@NICURA CC RULEOCEPHALA. Phen. atra, abdomine strigdque alarum longitudinal: albis ; capite pallidé ceruleo. Statura preecedentis. In noticing the previous species, we observed that it possessed characters strongly connecting it with the group of Muscicapa. ‘The present little warbler, on the contrary, exhibits, by its length of wing and tarsus, a tendency to unite itself with the genus Swaicola. The very limited knowledge which we have as yet gained of this species, precludes our describing alike the food it subsists on, and the difference, if any, in the plumage of the sexes; but, from its length of limb, we may conclude its habits are of much the same general description as those of the other species composing this genus, which are well known to be strictly terrestrial. The top of the head is greyish blue ; the back, throat, breast and tail, black; the wings are dark brown ; the scapulars and outer edges of the secondaries white ; the abdomen is whitish ; the bill and tarsi black. Both these species are figured of the natural size. | { LUCHAIMEL. tel by CC. 2 LIU | 5 2 e oy HIITIITIII Tap. XXVEj met PH@NICURA FRONTALIS. Phen. fusco-atra ; abdomine, crisso; uropygio, rectricumque apicibus, duarum mediarum exceptis, rufis ; fronte lazulino splendente. Longitudo corporis, 5% unc. Tue genus Phenicura includes a great portion of the most beautiful birds composing the family of Sylviade ; among which the present species, P. frontalis, stands pre-eminent in elegance as well as rarity, no specimen except that from which the figure was taken having hitherto been made known. We have no account of its habits and manners. The top of the head, the back and breast, are black with a tinge of lazuline blue, which colour prevails on the forehead and stretches above the eyes ; the wings are brown ; the rump and under parts bright rufous ; the tail-feathers are rufous with black tips, except the two middle ones which are wholly black ; the beak and tarsi are black. Tas. XXVIL., Fig. 2. PHGNICURA LEUCOCEPHALA. Phen. corpore apiceque caudce atris ; abdomine, crisso, uropygio, caudaque rufis ; capite supra albo. Statura Phen. rubecule. Tuer situations to which this species generally resorts are said to be the sides of ravines and the vicinity of mountain-streams, where it flits from stone to stone, or from crevice to crevice, in search of such insects as are peculiar to those localities, and which constitute its chief subsistence. From the numerous examples which the collection afforded, it may be concluded that it is by no means an uncommon bird in that portion of the Himalaya which it inhabits ; and it may be added, that the sexes present little or no variety in their plumage. : The top of the head and the occiput are white ; the whole of the upper surface and breast black ; the under parts bright chestnut, as are also the feathers of the tail, except the tips, which are black; the bill and tarsi are black. : Both these species are figured of the natural size. | } | aa Bi atl 2 TUT me 1 - “MNT TAB. X XVII. ENICURUS MACULATUS. En. capite, collo, dorso superiort, pectore, ptilis, remigtbus secundarits, caudaque intense atris ; frontis nota lata, maculis confertis nuche et sparsis dorsz, pteromatibus, dorso wo, abdomine, rectricibus lateralibus, mediarumque apicibus albis ; remigibus primaris Juscis ; rostro nigro ; pedibus albescentibus. Statura En. specioso aequalis. Longitudo corporis, 11 une. Two species of this remarkable genus have already been described, and it is with much pleasure that we now offer a third. The genus, we may observe, is exclusively confined to the Asiatic continent and the adjacent islands. This typical example may be at once distinguished from its congeners by the white spots upon the black ground of the back and mantle. In size it is rather less than the Enicurus speciosus of Dr. Horsfeld, but the tail is considerably longer than in that bird. This elegant species has been received from the Himalayan mountains in considerable abundance ; but we are not aware of its occurrence either in the low lands or islands. In its wild and native condition it is pre-eminently distinguished by the grace and. vivacity of its actions, tripping along the ground with great ease and agility, like our Common Wagtails, but even, if possible, exceeding them in the elegance of its movements. Its food consists of insects. Of its nidification no information has yet reached us. The forehead is white; the head, neck and breast, jet black ; a band of thickly set white spots at the base of the neck advances forwards in a semilunar form ; the back is black, thinly spotted with white ; the shoulders, rump, abdomen, and two outer tail-feathers, are white ; the wings brownish black ; the inner tail-feathers are black tipped with white ; the beak is black ; the tarsi flesh colour. The Plate represents an adult, in full plumage, of the natural size. | oil — vv =, =all oy IT TTIYII Tas. XXVIII. ENICURUS SCOULERI. En. capite, collo, dorso superiori, alis, caudique atris ; fronte, fascia alarum, dorso wo, abdomine, caudee bast latertbusque albis ; abdomine maculis, dorso imo fascra, atris notatis. Longitudo corporis, 5> unc. ; caudee, 2. By the kindness and liberality of Dr. Scouler of the Addisonian Museum of Glasgow, we are enabled to add a fourth species to the genus Lmicurus. This species (of which the specimen figured in Tab. XXVIII. is the only individual brought to Europe, with the exception of one in the British Museum,) has received the name of E. Scouleri in token of acknowledgement to the gentleman to whom we are indebted for it. The Enicurus Scouleri, which is the smallest of the genus, deviates in one character from the typical example ; the tail being of moderate length and slightly forked, while in the more typical species it assumes a scissar-like form, each part consisting of elongated feathers graduated at regular though remote distances. In habits and manners this pretty little bird resembles the rest of its genus ;—it is, however, by far the rarest, and occurs only in the remote districts of the Himalaya. The forehead and crown are white ; the occiput, neck, beak and breast jet black; the wings black with a broad white band across the coverts, each of the lesser quill-feathers being slightly edged with white; the rump is white crossed with an obscure line of black; the two outer tail-feathers white, the rest black; the under surface is white ; the bill black ; the tarsi pale flesh colour. The Plate represents a bird of the natural size. i ' [ I fi a 2 3 ug hi 1 {ITI TaB. X XIX. Fig. 1. a PARUS XANTHOGENYS. ° ° A e i. ie 7 - . ° 9 Par. capite cristato, guld, pectore, abdomine medio, striga utrinque colli, scapularium maculs, ° “A . . ; e a al . . ° ° alis, caudaque atris, his albo notatis ; dorso scapularibusque vtirescenti-grisets ; gents, striga superciliart, macula nuchal, abdominisque lateribus flavis. Statura paulo minor Par. majort. Ons of the largest species of Parus which has yet been discovered, is the very pretty species given in this Plate, fig. 1., equalling in size our well-known Parus major, to which Parus Xanthogenys bears a close resemblance, and from which it differs chiefly by its crested head. The brilliancy of its colouring is not surpassed by that of any of its congeners, and its mode of life assimilates strictly to the habits of the Pari in general. The head is furnished with a full crest of black feathers; the occiput, superciliary stripe and cheeks, are yellow; the ear-coverts black ; the back olive ; the wings and tail are black, the former being spotted with white, the latter tipped with white ; a broad black line passes down the throat and extends along the middle of the abdomen ; the sides of the chest, and flanks are pale yellow ; the beak and legs black. HAs. SXIX, Iie 2 PARUS MONTICOLUS. Par. capite, collo, pectore, abdomine medio, alis rectricibusque atris; genarum macula lata nuchalique pared, tegminum remigum secundariarum rectricumque aprcibus, et remigum primarvarum rectricumque, lateralium pogonis externis albis ; abdominis lateribus flavis. Statura preecedentis. THE higher regions of the Himalayan Mountains are reported to us as being the localities through which this species is chiefly distributed ; whence its specific name has been derived, to distinguish it from its congeners of the lower lands. It may at once be observed to be closely allied to the Parus major of Europe, but the accurate naturalist will easily detect characters in the bird which lay ample claim to its bemg recognised as a new and distinct species. The top of the head, the occiput, the base of the neck, the throat, breast and a broad abdominal line are jet black; the cheeks and a small occipital patch white ; the back is olive; the wings black; the edges of the coverts white so as to form a bar across the shoulders ; the quills are tipped with white also and edged with blueish; the tail is black with a blueish tinge, the edges of the two outer feathers and the tips of all being white ; the flanks are yellow ; the beak and tarsi black. Both these species are figured of the natural size. ) ! | yn ILI 2 3 TU ba | TUTTI _ Tas. XXX. Fig. 1. PARUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS. “7 e F, . °7e ° Par, supra pallide brunnescenti-canus, subtus rufescenti-albus; gula, strigd supercihari, rectricumque lateralium pogoniis externis albis ; capite supra rufo ; strigad lata per oculos ad nucham extendente, thoraceque atris. Statura Par. penduline, Linn. Tris delicate little bird, one of the smallest of its tribe, is interesting not only from its being entirely new to science, but from its pleasing colours and elegance of form; the head and upper parts, indeed, may be noticed as being of a tint very unlike that found among the genus Parus in general, in whose plumage grey, green or brown are usually more or Jess predominant. The specimen from which the figure was taken is the only one hitherto received in England, and is believed to inhabit the loftier portions of the Himalayan range. The upper surface is of a general ashy brown; the top of the head dark rufous; a white superciliary line passes over the eye ; the space between the beak and eye, and the cheeks, are black ; the throat white ; the middle of the neck black, bordered by a white line extending from the throat; the under parts are white with a wash of rufous; beak black ; tarsi flesh colour. The figure is of the natural size. Tas. XXX. Fig. 2. PARUS MELANOLOPHUS. Par. griseus; capite cristato pectoreque atris; genarum, nuche, tegminumque alarum maculis e e . ce . A ® A albis; remigibus rectricibusque fuscis ; macula sub alis rufa. Statura Par. atro pauld minor. Tuts is another of the same beautiful group as the last, and inhabits the same locality. It bears, however, a still closer resemblance to the smaller Titmice of Europe; its markings and general form being nearly the same, while it is adorned with a crest equal in size to that of our crested species, Parus cristatus. The head is covered with a black crest ; the sides of the cheeks and occiput are white ; the sides of the neck and the whole of the breast, black ; the back is black tinged with silvery grey; the wings and tail brown ; the sides of the chest and under tail-coverts rufous ; the bill is black ; the tarsi brown. The Plate represents the bird of the natural size. | | | 2 lead |TV APTIUI UT Tas. XXXI., Fig. 1. FRINGILLA RODOPEPLA. 2 O A ° ° e . . . Fring. supra brunnea ; capite, nucha, dorsoque lineis Suscis rosaceoque nitore notatis ; striga ° . e7e e A . e - utringue superciliart, gula, thorace, maculis alarum, uropygio, corporeque subtus rosacets. Longitudo corporis, 7 unc. Or the two species of Fringilla which this Plate represents, and which belong to a well-marked division of that extensive genus, the /. rodopepla is the largest, and is equally rare with its accompanying relative. We would here observe that the present species, together with the J. rosea, and two or three species from America, form a very natural and interesting group, exhibiting characters which place it intermediate between the restricted genus Fringilla and that of Pyrrhula. Their habits and manners appear to be those of the European examples of this immediate form, and we doubt not that they undergo similar changes of plumage. The general colour above is brown, with a warm wash of roseate especially on the top of the head; a broad roseate stripe passes over the eye; the wings and tail are brown, the wing-coverts having roseate tips ; the general plumage below is roseate; the beak and tarsi are of a horn colour. TAB. XXXI., Fig. 2. FRINGILLA RODOCHROA. . A . . . . . a - A Fring. supra brunnea ; capite, nucha, dorsoque liners fuscis, illo rosaceo tinctis ; fronte, strigad utringue superechare, gula, pectore, corpore subtus, uropygroque rosacets ; alis immaculatis. Longitudo corporis, 52 unc. Tus F. rodochroa is much less in size, has the roseate colour more generally diffused over the under surface, and, like its relative, is confined to the Himalayan mountains. | The top of the head is roseate brown ; the superciliary line, throat, and under surface, of a delicate roseate hue, with a silvery glaze visible in certain lights ; the back and wings are of a rich brown, each feather being umbre in the centre ; rump roseate ; tail brown; the beak and tarsi are of a horn colour. Both these species are figured of their natural size. SERRE RRR a KRYTHROCEPHALA. PLA PYRRHT VAM Lrinten ty C Lilian aS | 5 — a = ——_ (1) TT cm a HITTIN TASB: XX XIE PYRRHULA ERYTHROCEPHALA. s ~ A e . ° Pyrr. capite supra, nucha, pectoreque rufis; dorso, scapuluribus, gutture, abdomineque wo ° ° . e . nN . . ee Cee ° cinerers ; Sronte, regione rictala, gula, remigibus, alarum tectricibus, rectrictbusque entensé atris; fascia alarum, uropygio, crissoque albis. Longitudo corporis, 6 unc. Turis entirely new and undescribed species of Pyrrhula, to which the name of Erythrocephala has been given, possesses the general characteristics of the common Bulfinch of Europe, except in the form of the tail, which is decidedly forked, while in our bird it is even; and in the colour of the head, which is bright rufous inclining to scarlet, instead of being black as in our native species. The occurrence of the species in the collections of Europe is very rare. At the time of the publication of the ‘‘ Century” one specimen only was known, from which the figure and description are taken, and which belonged to the Addisonian Museum of Glasgow. Since that period two specimens have arrived in England, of which one is to be found in the British Museum, the other in the Museum of the Zoological Society. These three are the only specimens which we know to have been brought to Europe. No positive account has yet reached us respecting the habits and manners of this species ; nor indeed are we aware of the precise limit of its habitat, though we have every reason to believe it not to extend beyond the mountain districts of continental India. A black band encircles the base of the beak ; the top of the head, occiput, and back of the neck, are bright rufous with a tinge of scarlet; the back olive grey, as are also the shoulders with a band of black ; the quills and tail are bright jet black, with blueish green reflections ; the rump white; the under parts white with a wash of bright rufous ; the bill black ; the tarsi brown. The Plate represents the bird of the natural size. eens een —-— = SS ee = Seen natndhatensiinnaseenesacaacensee —— | Wa Hitt } i Hitt | Wii} | WEA | i] | ! | | ] )} | | 1 Wi) | | dai | } | i] vee ty Hii ‘| Whit } i Ni fi } 1 ) iif i 1 } Wiad | \ { i ; Ta | } 1a {| nn | q 1 I} it | } / | || ae | I} iH } | i eR | | | ai } | ! if | j | Hn Wit ii Wit | | Hd til i4 | ||) HH | | | i HI | Hit i Hat) | iit | Py a WW ETT } | POA A i a HA A | | | PH | Wai | | | } | | Way | Wil Hii | i iil HY Hi Hit By j iii I} | r | | 1a ! Hy Hii j | | Hit | aii | || | 1 1 iid} di } | | 1 if | | | | 11H | | | Wt | | | | | | i : We it iii | | WW Wd] } Bh j Wa 1 Wy i } he iii j | | HT} Vi tt i 1] | | | i i} 1 | i] | Hf | | 1 ty } | i } | | | | } 14 | | i | } | os CLidimondel: Lrented by ¢ al. Drawn from Nature by on Stone by Z. Go TAB. XX XIIL., Fig. 1. CARDUELIS CANICEPS. . . A . . . ° Card. brunnescenti-canus ; alts caudaque nigris; cerculo angusto frontem rictum gulamque . . i ° : : tA A ie . ‘e circumcingente coccineo; fascia alarum aurea; thorace, maculis paucis alarum, uropygio, abdomine imo, crisso, rectricum externarum pogonis mternis, mediarumque apicibus albis. Statura Card. communis. Tue fact that many of the most common birds of the British Isles are represented by species similar, though perfectly distinct, in some of the remotest regions of the globe, is nowhere more strongly illustrated than in the present instance, the Carduelis caniceps, which, although differmg in several respects, is not, as may at first sight be perceived, a perfect Goldfinch. The general form and the disposition of the colours, the red front, and more particularly the gold markings on the wing, at once remind the English naturalist of his native species. No account of its habits has reached us, but it appears to be a bird of rare occurrence. The forehead, the superciliary line, base of the under mandible, and throat, are scarlet ; the top of the head, occiput and back, olive grey ; the wings are black with a golden band; the rump white ; the tail black, the tips of the two middle and the inner webs of the two external feathers being white; the under surface is pale brownish grey; beak and tarsi flesh colour. Tas. XXXIIL, Fe. 2. CARDUELIS SPINOIDES. Mas. Card. fronte, occipite, collo corporeque infra, ptilis, pteromatum apicrbus, fascia remigum, rectricumque lateralium basrbus flavis ; capite supra dorsoque olivaceis ; alis caudaque Sfuscescenti-nigris. Fem.’ Coloribus minis saturatis ; abdomine dorsoque oliwaceo-fusco striatis. Statura pauld major quam Card. Spine. Tue near relation which this species bears to our Aberdevine, or Siskin, is no less obvious and singular than that of the last to the Goldfinch; and it is an interesting point, which the naturalist will not fail to remark, that two birds which are so closely connected in form and locality in our own climate, should each have its distinct though close representative assimilated equally in exterior appearance as well as local distribution in a country so far apart from us as the Himalayan mountains. , To the habits of this species much the same observations will apply as those of the one preceding ;— the Siskin being the most probable type to be looked to in its mode of life and means of subsistence. The forehead, occiput, sides of the neck, shoulders, tips of the greater covcuaes anil outer webs at the basal extremity of the quills, are yellow ; the back olive brown, the quills ane tail having a blackish tinge at their tips, the feathers of the latter being yellow at their base ; the beak is flesh colour with a dark culmen; the tarsi are of a pale flesh colour. Both these species are figured of their natural size. ee female, o) \ =— = | 2 —_ i 3) HIN H | as fi {UII } TAB. XXXIV. LAMPROTORNIS SPILOPTERUS. Mas. Lamp. supra plumbeo-canus, plumis ad apicem fusco marginatis ; subtus albus, rufo tenctus ; uropygio rufescenti ; remigibus atris viridi splendentibus, macula alba ; caudd brunnea; gula intense rufa. Foem. supra pallidée brunnea, subtus albescens, brunneo tincta. Statura Lamp. cantoris. Tue general form of this bird allies it at first sight to the genus Lamprotornis ; but its want of the brilliantly coloured and glossy plumage which distinguish that group appears in some measure to evince a deviation from that genus: form, however, and other more stable characteristics than the tints of plumage, claim undoubtedly a precedence ; and it is consequently figured and named as Lamprotornis spilopterus, an entirely new species of that group. The specimen represented was from the mountains, to which in all probability it is strictly confined. In the male, the upper parts are of a grey tinge obscurely mottled with blueish brown; the rump is brown ; the quills glossy black with greenish reflections, and barred across the base with white; the tail is dark brown ; the throat bright rufous ; the under parts are whitish with a wash of the same, becoming deeper about the flanks ; the beak and tarsi are deep brown. The female is of a uniform greyish brown above, fading into a paler hue over the whole of the under parts. The male and female are figured of their natural size. | i 1 | | | | ; ] ' ' i ; Lidl, \ I a IR ni LS TOR aAS i len LV f A ONT a | i oo} TINH 5 Tap. XXXV. PASTOR TRAILLII. a yl Ne \ 7 . : : : : Mas. Past. supra subtisque brunnescenti-coccineus ; capite, collo, alisque nigris. | : 3 g 3 p 9 $ b q Ll Longitudo corporis, 10% unc. Tur Museum at Liverpool contains a specimen of each sex of this interesting bird, which Dr. Traill, in honour of whom it is named, kindly and liberally allowed to be represented in the Work, It is highly pro- bable that this species will ultimately be considered to lead to, or form a type of a new group ; but at present it has been thought fit to assign it a place in the genus Pastor, to which, in characters and appearance, it more closely approximates than to any other. Dr. Traill stated that it was received from the Himalaya, but that no account was transmitted of its habits and manners ; its rarity, however,—for no other specimen has been made known,—is alone sufficient to render it interesting. In the male, the head, neck and wings, are black ; the rest of the plumage both above and below of a rich deep stain of claret or scarlet maroon. The female has the head, neck and quills, black ; the upper parts brown; the tail light maroon ; and the under surface dull white with longitudinal brown dashes. The male and female are figured of their natural size. iii ect j | | | } } i | i] { } | | paren prrerymerreen nn nen | IIIT UT 3 t TINT} UI 4 — Tas. XXXVI. NUCIFRAGA HEMISPILA. Nuc. castaneo-brunnea ; capite subtus, collo anterior:, dorso, pectoreque albo maculatis ; capite . ee e X ° ° oe . . summo, alis, rectricebusque intense brunneis; his, duabus mediis exceptis, ad apicem late albis. Longitudo corporis, 14 unc. Unt the present bird was discovered, a single species constituted the peculiar and isolated genus Nucifraga. Closely related to the European Nucifraga caryocatactes (Nutcracker), yet differing in its larger body and less proportioned beak, and in having the spots confined to the upper part of the plumage, while the breast and belly are in the British bird equally covered with them, the JV. hemispela may be considered as one of those remarkable objects of nature, which, with a decided identity of form and character, but with slight though permanent distinctions, are placed in remote countries as respective representations of the same group. Like its European congener, the habits of the present bird lead it to choose thick woods as its habitation, where it feeds on the larger species of insects, worms, &c., as well as fruits. By its frequent occurrence in the collection it may be supposed a bird by no means uncommon. The top of the head is deep brown; the back, sides of the neck, cheeks and under parts, dull chestnut, spotted, especially on the cheeks and sides of the neck, with white ; the wings are black; the two middle tail-feathers are also black, the two next tipped with white, the rest white having a black base ; the bill and tarsi are black. The Plate represents an adult of the natural size. ee os ee : | } | | Lrinted by C Hulimanded. RS trom Nature and on Stone by E.. Could, Drawn 1 er EC | Re TIT Tas. XXXVIT. GARRULUS STRIATUS. Garr. pallidée brunneus, subtus pallidior ; corporis supra subtusque plumis in medio albo longitu- dinalter striatis ; crista verticalt, remigtbus, rectricibusque unicoloribus. Longitudo corporis, 12 unc.; rostri, 1%; tarsz, 14. Tuts curious and interesting bird is at present provisionally placed in the genus Garrulus. Future researches, however, will most probably bring to light other species assimilating to the present; and it may then be found that the characters in Garrulus striatus which differ from those of its present congeners will warrant its being removed from the group where it is now placed. The chief characters on which such a suggestion is hazarded are, the beak more compressed and pointed than the blunt mandibles of the true Jays, and the total want of those markings, and of the general tone of plumage, which are so conspicuous in that well-known group of birds. The head is crested and of a dull rufous brown; the cheeks, sides of the neck, and back, brown with an olive tinge, each feather having a long narrow longitudinal mark of white; the quills and tail are of a dull rufous colour; the under parts pale brownish grey, each feather being white along its centre ; the beak and tarsi are blackish brown. The bird is figured of the natural size. } i ] i) H a 3 OT | jIITTITA} TN Tas. XXXVITII. GARRULUS BISPECULARIS. ° 7X . e . e . . . Garr. pallide badius, uropygio crissoque albis; macula lata postrictali, cauda, pteromatibus, remgibusque atris; his duabus ceruleo fasciatis. Longitudo corporis, 12 unc. Tuts beautiful species of Jay, which exhibits all the typical characters of the genus, is exclusively confined, so far as our researches have hitherto extended, to the wooded line of the Himalayan chain. Its habits and manners are those of its race, of which our well-known British Jay is a familiar example. One of the greatest ornaments in the truly beautiful plumage of the Jays, is the barred speculum in the wing, where alternate stripes of light blue and black produce a chaste yet rich effect. In the present bird, this speculum is double; but the rest of the plumage is more uniform than in our native bird, consisting of a deep fawn colour covering the crest, head and back, becoming a little lighter over the whole of the under surface; a black band stretches downwards from the base of the beak, covering the cheeks and sides of the neck ; on each shoulder is a speculum of alternate bars of blue and black; the greater coverts are jet black ; the quills are black, slightly edged with grey; anda second speculum occupies a considerable portion of the secondaries, barred with broader stripes of blue and black, the blue passing off to white abruptly edged by the line of black ; the upper tail-coverts are white ; the tail and bill are black ; the tarsi flesh colour. The Plate represents the bird of its natural size. } | 4 3 j on | TINH } | | { ' Lrinted by C Hudimanded. ) ca is U + | T DILA ( YC \ At f US L L P— ~ tS) D NG mA G ( viv from Nature and on Stone by E Gould. 4 Dreaa QTTTVUVUIQIUTTUUTUVANNNVTTTTUOUIIIN "I "I I i md TIMI TABB. XX XIX. ET XL. GARRULUS LANCEOLATUS. ; . . . A . . . . . Garr. vinaceo-badius ; capite subcristato, guld, jugulo, ahsque atris ; collo anteriori albo lanceo- lato; pteromatibus remigibusque ceruleo Sasciatis, illis albo terminatis; cauda ceruled, nigro fasciata, fascia lata apicali albo terminata notata. Longitudo corporis, 12 unc. Tue present species, although resembling the Jays in the general colouring of its plumage, can scarcely be considered as typical in the group; its more graduated tail and less robustly formed bill indicating a strong tendency to the Pice, or Pies. The close affinity in form and colour which the Garrulus lanceolatus bears to some species inhabiting the United States and Mexico, is worthy of remark as a corroboration of the fact, so often insisted on, that similar forms of ornithology are found in countries widely separated from each other whose temperatures are alike. We have no accounts respecting the habits of the present species, which appears to be strictly confined to the Himalayan mountains and the adjacent hills of Nepal, as no specimens have been noticed in collections from any other part of India. The head is ornamented with a black crest, each feather having traces of faint fine bars of blue; the sides of the face and the back of the neck are black; the throat is covered with white elongated lanceolate feathers; the back and under parts are vinous grey ; the shoulders black ; the feathers of the bastard wing white, except a few which are barred with black, and blue at their base ; the primaries and secondaries are broadly barred with blue and black, each feather being tipped with white; the tail is barred alternately with black and blue, and tipped with white. The male and female are figured of their natural size. | | | : 5 =... _3 nn THIN _ aS Tap XEL PICA ERYTHRORHYNCHA. Or all the species composing the genus Pica, no one exceeds the present either in the beauty of its plumage or in the grace of its proportions. It is, however, by far the least typical of the genus to which it is pro- visionally assigned, differing in the strength and direction of the beak, as well as in the formation of the tail, which consists of graduated feathers, the two middle ones exceeding the rest by more than half their length. In its habitat it is not limited to the Himalayan mountains, whence the specimen figured and described was received, but extends over the whole of China. It is often accurately figured in the Chinese drawings imported into Europe ; so that we suspect it to be a bird which, like our Jay or Magpie, is often kept domesticated. We have reason to suppose that this species is fierce and tyrannical. Mr. Shore, from whose manuscript notes we have derived no little information, states that one which he kept in captivity, though it refused other food, ferociously pounced upon living birds, presented to it by way of experiment, and eagerly devoured them. Seen among the foliage of the trees, it is recorded as forming an elegant and conspicuous object, flitting from bough to bough, with long and flowing tail, and full of vivacity in every movement. The occiput and back of the neck are dull white ; the head, sides of the neck and breast black ; the back, wings and tail lively blue, the quill- and tail-feathers being tipped with white, those of the tail having a bar of black before the white; the under surface is white ; the bill bright orange; the tarsi rather paler. The Plate represents the species two thirds of its natural size. Scare REnee fe IL iC A\ PON NOME RUA OW L/TOHWUN enn el Sansa oatooaeaoma [SS SSS es =4) = = = = = — s = ah c ee ee Tas. XLII. PICA VAGABUNDA. Tue specific denomination of this bird is bestowed upon it on account of its peculiar habit of life. The Pica vagabunda, or Wandering Pie, unlike the typical Pies who remain constantly stationary in one neighbourhood, seeking for their food in its vicinity, wanders from place to place, travelling over a large space of ground, and not evincing a partiality to any particular situation. The shorter tarsus of this bird, indeed, and its more elongated tail, are indicative of trees being its most usual resort, where fruits and berries offer a supply of its natural food; whereas in the more typical Pic@, the longer tarsus and more elongated beak fit them for digging in the ground, in which they almost solely seek for subsistence. This species is more widely distributed than any of its congeners, being found in considerable abundance over the whole of India. The head, neck and crest are of a smoke colour or a blackish grey ; the back light cinnamon; the centre of the wings grey; the quills black; the tail grey, each feather being tipped largely with black; the under surface is pale tawny ; the beak and tarsi black. Length 164 inches ; beak, 11; tarsi, 14; tail, 10. The figure is of the natural size. | | et = oe 1 “Imi TaB. XLIII. PICA SINENSIS. Tus species of Pie, which has already been made known by the researches of Major-General Hardwicke, unlike the rest of its congeners whose local distribution is not greatly extended, inhabits tracts of land widely differing from each other both in character and situation,—the higher portions of the Himalaya, the plains and low countries around those mountains, and the kingdom of China from whence it derives its specific name, being alike its places of residence. Like the Pica vagabunda (to which it is closely allied,) and a third species lately received from Madras, it possesses characters differing considerably from those of the typical Pice, and which appear to warrant its separation, in conjunction with the two allied species, from the genus to which they have hitherto been referred among the Corvide. Like the rest of the family, the sexual differences in plumage throughout this group are trifling or none ; the females, however, are less than the males. The forehead is black ; the occiput and back of the neck grey; the back light brown ; the wings black, as are also the tail-feathers, except the two middle which are grey ; the cheeks and the throat are blackish, fading ‘nto a smoke colour on the breast; the under parts dull grey; the under tail-coverts light rufous ; the beak and tarsi black. Length, 15 inches: beak, 1+; tarsi, 11; tail, including the two middle feathers, 10. The bird is figured of the natural size. | i 7 \ ry) VA t, SEZE, Nad & Tas. XLIV. BUCEROS CAVATUS. Tuts noble species of Buceros, already described as a native of some parts of India, but not having hitherto been known as an inhabitant of the Himalaya, is found equally in Java and most of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago. It may be observed that those specimens of the species which have been received from the mountains slightly exceed in size those which are natives of the lower districts around them. The food of the Buceros cavatus, like that of other Hornbills, consists of fruits, berries, flesh, and even carrion; in short, it may be considered as strictly omnivorous. The conformation of the feet in those birds leads them to resort much to trees ; the broad and fleshy palm, which, as it were, lines the interior of the three strong and partly united front toes, giving them great power of grasping, and agility in leaping from branch to branch. The throat, ear-coverts, circle round the eye, and a narrow band at the occipital edge of the protuberance of the beak, are black; the neck dirty straw-colour ; the feathers of the back of the neck are elongated; the body and wings are black; the greater coverts and quill-feathers being tipped with white ; the thighs, upper and under tail-coverts white, as is the tail also, with the exception of a broad black band about three inches from the tip; the beak is yellowish, inclining to scarlet at the tip, the under mandible being black at the base; the tarsi are black. The figure is half the natural size. ens eee emer = TAB. XLV. COCCOTHRAUSTES ICTERIOIDES. Mas. Cocc. capite, jugulo, dorso medio, als, femorum tectricibus, caudagque atris ; nucha, uropygto, corporeque subtus luteis. Fem. Olivaceo-cana, uropygio abdomineque lutescentibus ; remigibus rectricebusque atris. Longitudo corporis, 8: unc.; caudee, 3:. Tuns richly coloured species of Grosbeak, which may be considered as a typical example of the genus, is one of the most valuable recent additions to science. It is a bird of extreme rarity in our Museums ; the female, indeed, of the pair which we were fortunate enough to procure, is the only specimen of that sex, we believe, which has hitherto been brought to this country. In a state of nature it lives on the smaller stone fruits of the Himalayan mountains ; and its habits, shy and retiring,—the bird inhabiting for the most part the interior of thick woods,—are in other respects closely allied to those of the European Coccothraustes. In the male, the head, neck, middle of the back, wings and tail are black; the back of the neck, rump, and under parts generally rich yellow ; the thighs are blackish brown; the bill olive green; the tarsi yellow. In the female the general plumage is dull grey; the quills and tail black ; the rump and abdomen slight tawny. The Plate represents the male and female of the natural size. ] i i j i | J | i A nn Lranted by C Hulimandel, GRANDIS. © © © S pA L;. Gouda. Stone by oY LDrown trom Nature cod OW. thle JIAO - 1| TAB XLVI. BUCCO GRANDIS. Pre-EMINENT in size and the beauty of its markings, this very splendid Barbet may be ranked among the most conspicuous of the genus to which it is at present assigned. It differs considerably, however, in some material points, from the characters of that group ; and it may be questioned whether at some future period, a more decided and fitting receptacle might not be found for its admission. The Bucco grandis has not hitherto been known as a native of the Himalayan mountains, although its existence has been already familiar to science as an inhabitant of China. The head, neck and throat, are deep steel blue, changing in different lights to varying tints of green; the back and chest rich olive brown; the quills are green on their outer edges; the tail green; the abdomen greenish, thickly dashed about the flanks with spots of brown, blue and grey; the under tail-coverts are scarlet ; the beak yellowish white with a black ridge; the tarsi black. The bird is figured of the natural size. re SS ce i] ' | 7 / C y HAM LL Lo, Ma a S iS X S ln > < i es HUTT v ——————- TaB. XLVII. PICUS OCCIPITALIS. Mas. Pie. viridis, uropygio lutescenti; fronte coccineo ; vertice, strigd lata occipitali ad “A . . . . ° . ee nucham extendente, alteraque utrinque sub oculos postrictal, atres ; remigibus rectricibus- gue fusco atris, harum duabus mediis pullido-fusco striatis, illis externé albo maculatis ; “A . . gula genisque canis. Foem. Fronte atra albo lineata. Longitudo corporis, 12 unc.; ale, 6; rostri, 2; tarsi, 1+; caude, 4. Tuers appears to be a natural group of the Woodpeckers, intermediate betwixt the genus Colaptes whose habits confine them entirely to the ground, and the typical Picide who gain their subsistence almost wholly from the bark of trees. In this intermediate division—of which our own Picus viridis and the Picus canus of the Continent may be considered as the types, and which are the only species found in Europe—the present as well as the succeeding Himalayan species may be classed ; all these birds being found, like the typical Woodpeckers, to frequent trees as a resort for food; while at the same time they equally subsist, like the ground-feeding species, on ants and other insects, which they obtain on the surface of the ground. The Picus occipitalis, so named from the peculiar black mark on the hinder part of the head, has hitherto been entirely unknown, and it is only in the more temperate parts of the mountams so often alluded to, that it has as yet been captured. In the male the forehead is bright scarlet ; the top of the head, occiput and back of the neck, are jet black ; the sides of the face and throat grey, with the exception of a slight black moustache ; the upper surface is of a dull green passing into yellow on the rump; the wings olive green; the quills and tail are brown, the former having their outer edges barred with white, the latter its two middle feathers obscurely barred with a deeper brown ; the breast and under parts are dull greenish grey ; the bill and tarsi black. The female differs only in having the forehead black instead of scarlet. The male is figured of the natural size. The head of the female is alone given, showing the difference of plumage above alluded to. . : é ; ea eee ae ey naan. IT - a Gb Lone trom Mature and on S$ Drawn aL, a 5 inn 4 ei 2 i 4 TNH Tas. XLVIIL. PICUS SQUAMATUS. Pre. supra viridis, uropygto sublutescenti ; gula Juguloque viridi-canis ; capite coccineo ; striga superoculart, altera subocularz, abdomineque viridi-albis, hoc atro squamato ; strig& superct- hart alteraque utrinque mentale atris ; remigibus rectricibusque fusco-atris, illis extern, has utrinque albo maculatis. Longitudo corporis, 12% unc.; rostri, 2; tarsi, 14; caude, 5. Tue present species, while it is closely allied in form to the last-figured bird, and most strictly connected with the natural division alluded to in the preceding description, offers some essential marks of distinction in the plumage ; one of the most conspicuous of which is the different characters of the feathers on the breast, which are marked by beautiful and regular scales, while in the Piews occipitalis an uniform and totally different colouring prevails on the same parts. To this character the bird owes its specific name. _ Its locality is believed, like that of Picus occipitalis, to be confined solely to the higher parts of the mountains. The top of the head, and occiput are scarlet ; above and below the eye passes a yellowish white streak ; a black line extends also from the base of the lower mandible along the sides of the neck ; the upper surface is of a bright green colour; the quill-feathers and tail dull olive black barred with white; the throat and breast are greyish green; the abdomen and under surface of a still lighter tint elegantly marked with black scales, closely and regularly disposed ; the bill is yellowish white, becoming horn-brown at the base ; the tarsi are brown. The figure is of the natural size. SSS sn stp aS i i | | 4\ 3 a 3 | eererepl 1 eae TAB. XLEX. PICUS SHORII. e Q . . e e e . e . ° e Pi. supra aurantio-viridis ; capite cristato, dorso uropygioque cocciners ; subtus albus ; strigd . “A ° . ° erie . e postoculars, altera arictu extendente, nucha, remigibus, rectricibus, notsque squamosis pectoris abdominisque atris ; thorace pallidé grisescente-brunneo. Longitudo corporis, 12 unc. Tus very brilliantly coloured species of Woodpecker we have very great pleasure in naming after the Hon. C. J. Shore, through whose researches in Ornithology, while in India, it was first made known, and who with the utmost kindness and liberality allowed the accompanying Plate to be drawn from a specimen in his collection. This specimen, which was the only one Mr. Shore was so fortunate as to procure, exhibits a close affinity with Picus tiga, Horsf., a well known inhabitant of the Indian Archipelago, as well in colouring as in the absence of the inner hind toe, which in both birds is represented only by a rudimentary tubercle. The head is covered with an elongated crest, which with the rump is of a rich scarlet; a white line extends from the base of the upper mandible to the occiput, edging the scarlet of the head; below this white line a black band, beginning behind the eye, passes through the ear-coverts to the back of the neck, where it is spread as far as to the back; the cheeks and sides of the neck are white, separated from the throat and fore- part by a wavy black line passing from the gape to the sides of the chest ; a brownish mark borders the base of the inferior mandible ; the throat is white; the back orange, passing off into various tints of scarlet on the and on the rump into bright scarlet ; the quills, tail, and upper tail-coverts, shoulders and wing-coverts, brownish white, with black scales ; the bill and tarsi black. are black ; the under surface is dirty The bird is figured of the natural size. comer een - SENN | i] | | g 4 = ~ S 7 ° adhe Le AM 7 Le / ) ninore & on Stone Va WH Tron SI 2 72, LN Pre ease nrer na anheRieseinereentine nanan eal ai 4 3) jy ITNT 19) 2 om 4 TAB, L. PICUS HYPERYTHRUS. Mas. Parc. corpore supra nigro, albo-maculato, subtus rufescenti-badio ; capite crissoque coccineis ; e A . A . A . e e e . e striga utrinque per oculos extendente alba ; mandibuld superior: nigra, inferior? alba. Foem. Capite nigro albo-lineato. Statura Pc. medi, Linn. Tus pretty little Woodpecker possesses a peculiarity in its colouring not observable throughout the whole of the family of Preide ; its breast, which in most of the species of the genus is of an obscure hue, being of a lively red. The male and female are alike in this character; but they exhibit considerable differences in the colours of the head, the crown of the male being bright crimson, while his more unassuming mate possesses a less gaudy head-dress of black and white. With reference to the habits of the birds of this species, trees are stated to be their constant habitation, where, like their European congeners, they live on insects and their larvee; and it is added that the most luxuriantly wooded parts of the Himalayan range are the principal localities in which they have been observed. The male has the top of the head and back of the neck scarlet; the throat and a mark extending from the base of the bill through the eye, white ; the back and wings black, prettily barred with white; the tail black, the outer feathers having white bars; the breast, sides of the neck, and under surface tawny rufous; the under tail-coverts scarlet ; the upper mandible black, the lower yellowish white ; the tarsi black. | The female, as has been before observed, differs from the male in having the top of the head and back of the neck black, thickly dotted with small points of white. The male and female are figured of the natural size. ——————— : : Seeeeeeeemeeeeel - i Se nn ST ERE ~ ———$——— HULA ITA abo =" =a = TaB. LI. PICUS MAHRATTENSIS. Tux collection among which this bird occurred, has afforded us an opportunity of ascertaining that this species of Woodpecker, which was first described by Dr. Latham in 1801 from a specimen in the British Museum, is found equally in the higher regions of the Himalaya and in the lowlands surrounding them, to the latter of which it has hitherto been thought peculiar. The only account published respecting it is that of Dr. Latham, who states it to be a native of the Mahratta country, but without any history of its habits and manners. It is to be regretted that in the present notice we are unable to give any additional information. The male has the top of the head and occiput scarlet ; the cheeks and throat dull white; the whole of the upper surface is black, with oval spots of white so disposed as to produce a barred appearance ; the tips of the tail-feathers inclining to scarlet ; the sides of the chest are brown; the flanks and thighs white, streaked with dashes of brown ; the centre of the abdomen scarlet; beak and tarsi brown ; length 63 inches. In the female, the scarlet head of the male is exchanged for dull yellow. Both sexes are figured of the natural size. —— ——SS=a=—————EEE a ‘ ee ee cath cpteliaeag S < | | i | | | lrinted by C Liudimandel: « tone by £. Gouda 7 WW OW © Nature an Tron von ii L si aa MACHU lei iy Tas. LIT. PICUS BRUNNIFRONS. . . \ ° . e . . . . . . . Mas. Pec. capite supra aureo ; occipite, abdomine imo, crissoque coccineis ; colli parte posteriore . an . . e . e . . et strigd utrinque lateral, corporeque supra nigres ; collt parte frontali et lateribus, corpore- ° \ e . . . e . ° ee que infra albis, hoc nigro striato; scapularibus, pteromatibus, remgibus, rectricibusque lateralibus albo-maculatis ; dorso medio griseo, albo nigroque fasciato. Foem. Stne nota coccinea occipitalr. Statura Pc. mediz. Tus is a very interesting species as well from its having been unknown to the cabinets of Ornithology until the present specimen was received, as from the general similarity of the colouring of its plumage to that of the Spotted Woodpecker of Europe; from which bird it chiefly differs by the male having the crown of the head and nape of an orange colour in lieu of red. Fortunately specimens of each of the sexes have been received, and both are figured, the upper figure representing the female. The Picus brunnifrons is strictly confined to the hilly districts of India, and its habits may be considered as closely analogous to those of its genus in general. The forehead is brown; the occiput golden, merging into bright scarlet ; the cheeks and throat are dull white, with obscure marks of brown; a black line beginning at the base of the bill passes along the sides of the neck to the shoulders; the upper surface is black with transverse bars of white ; ue four middle tail- feathers wholly black, the rest barred; the under surface is dirty white with longitudinal streaks of black ; the under tail-coverts tinged with scarlet ; the bill and tarsi brown; length 8 inches. The female resembles the male, except that the yellow of the occiput is dull, and does not merge into scarlet. ———— - a Tap Lith CUCULUS SPARVERIOIDES. Cuc. corpore supra brunnescentt-cinereo, capite plumbeo-cinereo ; subtus albo, collo rufo striato, abdomine brunneo fasciato, pectore rufo tincto ; remigibus externé leviter rufo maculatis ; rectricibus fascis brunneis latis rufo marginatis quatuor notatis. Longitudo corporis, 16 unc. Tue apparently inexhaustible stores of Ornithology which Nature displays in the Himalayan Mountains have furnished several species of this rather limited genus, two of which are figured in the “Century.” The present species is one of the largest of the group, and differs from the common Cookoo in the marking of its plumage, the tail and wings being varied with several broad bars of brown, and the breast blotched with patches of the same tint. This peculiarity of colouring gives it a great resemblance to some of the Walconide, particularly the Falco sparverius, whence it derives its specific name, though in form and other respects it is very similar to our Cuculus canorus, which, however, it rather exceeds in size. The Cuculus sparverioides appears to be widely distributed over the Indian continent, from various parts of which it has been received. It is figured in the ‘‘ Century” as a bird hitherto unknown to science. It is to be lamented that no authentic account has been received concerning the habits and manners of this bird ; and whether it is endowed, like its European congener, with the singular instinct that impels it to deposit its eggs in the nests of other birds, remains yet a question which only future observation can satisfactorily determine. The top of the head, occiput and ear-coverts, are of a dull ash colour ; the upper surface deep cinereous brown, the quills being slightly barred with rufous, and the tail-feathers barred with alternate bands of brown and rufous; the throat and breast are white, the latter largely washed with dashes of brown and rufous ; the abdomen, thighs, and under tail-coverts white, beautifully and regularly barred with transverse lines of brown ; the beak is brown; the legs reddish yellow. The figure is of the natural size. a = Oa CMW Lrintea by CL =. U Gea. aA MAT IL Il LUS AC ) CUCU 7 WV. 7 oy £ Gowl a SCONE Nature & ow Drawn from Tas. LIV. CUCULUS HIMALAYANUS. NS ° e e ° . Cuc. corpore supra rufo, fusco fasciato ; subtis albo, nigro fasciato, pectore rufo tincto ; remi- gibus rectricibusque fuscis, wllis externé rufo, interne albo maculatis, his duabus medius rufo oblique fasciato, ceteris albo, rufo variegato, maculatis. Longitudo corporis, 11 unc. Amonc the many new species which formed the collection, we observe with much satisfaction this very elegant example of the genus Cuculus, which appears to be confined to the wooded range of the mountains. In colour and the arrangement of its markings it bears no distant resemblance to the immature plumage of our well-known British Cookoo, which undergoes successive variations till it attains maturity. We are, however, inclined to believe, notwithstanding this similarity of plumage, that the present bird is fully adult; an opinion which we think countenanced by the glossiness of the feathers, and the decided character of their markings, no signs of anything like a progressive change being at all indicated. The Cuculus Himalayanus is among the smallest of the genus. No information has been received respecting its habits. We have not ourselves seen any other example of this beautiful bird than the one in the Museum of the Zoological Society from which the figure was taken. The general ground colour of the upper parts is rufous, elegantly barred with dark grey; the sides of the chest rufous; the under parts are white barred with black ; the bill is black ; the tarsi light yellow. The figure is of the natural size. wo - SEER a ne Rr eecrneen eee << Tas. LV. POMATORHINUS ERYTHROGENYS. Pom. cinerescenti-brunneus, subtis albescens ; fronte, capitis colli abdominisque lateribus, crisso- que rufis ; caudd fusco obscuré fasciata ; rostro pedibusque pallidis. Longitudo corporis, 11 une. Tue present bird exhibits a typical example of the genus Pomatorhinus, which, until lately, had been restricted to a very limited number of species confined to Java and New Holland. Our researches, however, in India within the last few years have made us acquainted with three additional species ;—one, which we have seen, from the Burmese empire, as yet undescribed; another brought from the Dukhun by Colonel W. H. Sykes ; and the third that which is figured in the present Plate. The locality of this interesting species is far from being limited, as it appears to be equally dispersed over the whole of the mountainous regions of India. Much yet remains to be discovered respecting the habits and manners of this remarkable group, as it unfortunately happens that those who have had the best opportunities for observation in their native habitat have altogether overlooked them. The top of the head and the general surface of the body and wings are greyish brown ; the forehead, ear- coverts, sides of the neck, flanks, and under tail-coverts are rufous ; the tail obscurely barred with lines of a darker grey than the general plumage ; the throat and under parts white ; the beak and tarsi light brown. The bird is figured of the natural size. | | teh, Fi x LEMMING ! 5 IIIT ee om TTT | | Tas. LVI. CINNYRIS GOULDIA. Cin. capite supra, guld colloque in fronte, regione auriculari, strigd utringue gracili ad latera colli usque ad humeros extendente, uropygto, caude tectrictbus, rectricibusque duabus mediis elongatis purpureo et ceruleo metallicé splendentibus ; capitis lateribus, occeiprte, nuchda, scapularibus, dorso summo, ptilisque sanguineo-rubris ; dorso imo, pectore, abdomineque sulphurers, his sanguineo sparsis ; remigibus rectricibusque lateralibus fuses. Longitudo corpores, 5 unc. Tuis very elegant little bird—named after Mrs. Gould, by whom the ‘“‘Century” was delineated—was received from the highest portions of the Himalaya, to which it 1s supposed to be principally confined. The delicately formed tribe to which it belongs represent in India that equally beautiful group the Humming Birds of America. Like the Zrochilide, the Cinnyride subsist much upon insects of small size, which they seek for in the centre of expanded flowers or among the leaves of plants. Little else of their habits can be stated with certainty. The Cinnyris Gould is an exceedingly rare species, and, as far as is yet known, the specimens now figured from, are a unique addition to the treasures of science. The top of the head, ear-coverts, throat, a spot on each side of the chest near the shoulder, tail-coverts, and the two middle tail-feathers, are of a rich metallic blue with brilliant purple reflections; the back and sides of the neck, and shoulders, are deep sanguineous red; the rump and under surface bright yellow, the latter having a few sanguineous dashes ; the quills and outer tail-feathers dark brown. The bird is figured of the natural size, in two positions, in order to show the markings. ( imag ae lait 3 om 1 A TaB. LVITI. VINAGO SPHENURA. . XX . x a Ceige ° e . e %e Vin. supra olivaceo-, subtis Jlavo-, viridis ; capite in JSronte pectoreque aurets ; alarum tectricibus, regroneque interscapulari vinaceo-purpureis ; cauda cuneata. Longitudo corporis, 15 une. Autuoucsx this species of Vinago will be remarked as greatly resembling that which is figured in the next Plate, its wedge-shaped tail (that of Vinago militaris being square,) offers a very distinct character of difference between them; Vinago Sphenura also is strictly confined to the higher regions of the Himalaya, while the other has been frequently received from the low districts around them: the former therefore must undoubtedly be considered as a species new to science. As such, it has been figured in the “Century,” though its beauty of form and colouring render it, in point of exterior appearance alone, by no means unworthy of being illustrated. The head, neck and chest, are greenish yellow, the top of the head and breast having a tinge of golden orange ; the top of the back, and wing-coverts, vinaceous purple ; the back tail-coverts, middle tail-feathers, scapulars and greater wing-coverts, olive green ; the quills brownish black ; the outer tail-feathers incline to ash-colour. The bird is figured of the natural size. ened chee een Sita : : mene = = = = = Fs = = 2 = sseistadeneaineteaceieammanict sianeattatan a er eee ETS > sic a Ss =~ ~ = = $e EEE by Ciudimande: 7 Trunk MILITARIS. VINAGO Stone by £ Condd Vature £ on St 1 LIVONV FPO « A 3 a. ON UTNE TT AT —S : ieee ————S ——— = “asta be Tas. LVIII. VINAGO MILITARIS. Tue group Vinago may be considered as including those Pigeons whose strong short tarsus and broadly palmed feet indicate them to be constant frequenters of the branches of trees: such are doubtless the habits of the present and the former species, whose food is said to consist principally of grain, the seeds of vetches and other wild plants, the tops of tender vegetables, &c. The locality of Vinago militaris, as mentioned in the preceding page, is widely extended, as it has been received equally from the northern and western coasts of the Indian continent. The specific name mzlitaris has been given to it from the resemblance of the mark on its breast to a shield. We are indebted to Colonel H. J. Bowler for the following interesting particulars respecting this bird: ‘‘ The present as well as the preceding species, together with several others, are known to the natives of India by the general name of the Green Pigeon: they frequent gardens and inhabit mango groves and banian trees (the Ficus Indicus), to the thick foliage of which they seem particularly attached, and when sheltered therein their plumage so nearly accords with the general colour and tint of the leaves, that they are with difficulty perceptible. Those varieties which are found on the western coast feed principally on the berry of the Sago Palm and the fruit (fig) of the Micus Indicus. At the season when this fruit and the mango are ripe, they are good eating, although the flesh has rather a strong game flavour much resembling the English Plover.” Although this bird has been already made known to science, it has been thought proper to illustrate it in the present work, as well for the purpose of recording it as an inhabitant of the higher parts of India, from which +t has not hitherto been received, as because ‘t was considered desirable to point out a contrast between the present well-known and the foregoing novel species. ce The top and sides of the head are ash colour; the neck and chest golden with a greenish tinge ; the shoulders vinaceous purple; the whole of the back and wing-coverts olive green ; quills blackish brown margined along their outer edge with yellow; the tail dark ash colour; the under surface of the body is pale olive green ; the thighs bright yellow. me - = ee : i = : “s = = = = ~ ciaeneigaiaaeen ——— SSS SS = eae | | } | | [3 ' / 4 . ota 7 € & = = 7 — wv — 7 sod WINI|ITH|II Tas. LIX. COLUMBA LEUCONOTA. Col. capite canescenti-atro; crisso caudaque ngris; nucha, corpore subtus, dorso medio, caude- oA A CA . . . ° ° e . . que fascia lata media, albis ; tegminibus alarum vinaceo-canis ; dorso supertort scapularibus- que brunnescenti-canis ; remigibus, fasctisque alarum brunnescenti-fuscrs. Statura Col. Palumbi, Linn. Tue specimen from which this Plate was taken is the only one of this elegant and chastely coloured Pigeon with which we are acquainted. It was sent in the first collection received from the Himalaya, and our sub- sequent endeavours to procure others or to ascertain if any exist in our museums, whether public or private, have hitherto proved fruitless. The species, however, was observed by Mr. Shore among the woods of the Himalaya, and a specimen is represented in his drawings differing little from that which is given in the Plate, except in the colouring of the legs, which he has represented as bright red. We have representation to be correct, and had not the Plate been published before we had an opportunity of examining Mr. Shore's valuable manuscript, his colouring, taken from the living bird, would have been adopted instead of that which we now consider to be the faded hue of a dead specimen. The Columba leuconota belongs to that division of the family which comprehends the Wood Pigeons common to Europe, which it closely resembles in all its habits and manners. : The head and upper part of the neck are of a dull black ; the lower part of the neck, lower part of the back, rump, and under surface pure white ; upper part of the back and scapulars brownish grey ; wing- coverts light grey, with a vinaceous tinge; quills brown ; tail-ecoverts black; the tail black with a broad white band. The figure is of the natural size. accompanying every reason to believe this Vv a \l KO ° NY \ A K yi x WV Y N A Ke Z IL i \V ke A Vak Stee: 2 Male, 23 ad. 2 Z. MUMIA n Y CU O44 Poors a4 Hhy 4 S S g R Sdo wk one ain z /V. LON TOW v UP. S/F CGN l| 4| 5 TOT cou {ITNT TABB EX. ET LEXI. LOPHOPHORUS IMPEYANUS. Ir is not a little singular that the elevated regions of the Himalaya, verging upon the limits of perpetual snow, should present us with a tribe of birds which are distinguished almost beyond all others by the brilliancy of their plumage ;—we allude to an extensive group of the family of Phasiande, forming several genera, among which the genus before us is pre-eminently characterized by the intense metallic lustre of its colours. The genus Lophophorus, first established by the illustrious Cuvier, is very limited in its numbers, the present splendid bird being the only species now acknowledged as having true claim to the generic title. That a bird, which if introduced into our country would form a splendid ornament to our woods and lawns, and which would doubtless bear the climate as well as the Peacock from the plains of India, or the Pheasant of the confines of China, should have been hitherto almost a stranger even to our museums, is a circumstance to be wondered at, and only to be attributed to the remoteness of its native habitat, and the difficulty of transporting it across a wide extent of country before it can reach the coast. We may hope, however, that by the exertions of our numerous scientific investigators of India it may ere long become a denizen of our parks. The food of the Impeyan Pheasant consists in a great measure of bulbous roots, for the scooping up of which the upper mandible, like that of the Francolins, being of a spoonlike form, is peculiarly adapted. Nothing can present a stronger contrast than the plumage of the female and young male with that of the adult male. While in the latter all is resplendent with tints of burnished green and purple changing in every e general colour is of a deep brown variegated with lines of white and zigzag markings light, in the former th hich the feathers of the tail are barred. The crest of such birds merely of rusty brown, a colour with w consists of somewhat lengthened feathers. In the adult male, the head is ornamented with a crest of long feathers, each of which arises by a slender filiform peduncle and becomes spatulate at its extremity. This crest as well as the head and throat are of a rich metallic green ; the back of the neck of a metallic purple; the back and wings are steel blue, a white bar crossing the middle of the former ; the tail is rich ferruginous deepening at the extremity; the whole of the under surface black. Tab. LX. represents the male, and Tab. LXI. the female, two thirds of their natural size. eI nn a ii) 1 f ili | Hid) i ee t ; : | 4 i} ; iI Wi 1a : . EY ; Ht il! v | iH} { f nN | { i Wil a3 ; | j : it ; Hid) ‘ Wil | iI | } Ht 4 | Wil ay Hid) im) | ni : i} 4 . i ii 7. } | . Wid) Hil } } Hy fi Wi as : Wii | Wi gd Wal q 1 k | j | } j Wii | | | , i | { | | | | | | | } Free T Ta T T Te t ! i ; ; ' | ij i i i e QD M U ) y \ ry i Sve ab OF aN Qo 7 € Meal Ag Vy y We | | | NLA TTT ll ell i III 2 | ony VITALI TAB. LXIL. TRAGOPAN SATYRUS. : Tuts beautiful bird, so long classed among the Pheasants, but ultimately raised to the rank of a separate genus, was the only species known previously to the publication of the “Century.” It was with no little pleasure that we found among our stores from the Himalayan district a second species, the Zragopan Hastingsu, which is figured in the following Plate. To these may be added a third, which Mr. Gray of the British Museum has lately introduced to science, dedicating it to that celebrated ornithologist M. Temminck. The genus Tragopan appears to take an intermediate station between that of Meleagris and the more typical Phasianide, forming one of the links of a chain connecting these groups of the Rasor1az Order. The affinity of this genus to that of Meleagris is evident in many characters ; nor are some wanting which indicate a relationship to Mumida, and even to Francolinus ; but many links have yet to be discovered before the deficiencies can be filled up ; and a patient analysis of the forms of the Rasor1at Order is yet required before the intricacies in which the subject is enveloped can be thoroughly disentangled. With reference to the present elegant species, it is an exclusive inhabitant of the colder regions of the mountains, in conjunction with the Lophophorus, its proximate relative; feeding on grains and roots, the larve of ants and other insects. The head is ornamented with a crest of elongated narrow feathers, of which those arising from the forehead and the top of the head are black, those from the occiput rich scarlet maroon; the naked circle around the eye as well as the fleshy horns and wattles are of a mingled blue, purple and red colour; the throat, sides of the head and back of the neck are black; the rest of the neck rich scarlet maroon; the back and upper surface are olive brown marked with black bars, zigzag lines, and irregular spots of white ; the shoulders approach to a blood-colour; the quills and tail are blackish brown; the under surface blood-colour or scarlet maroon, with numerous white spots encircled with a margin of black; the beak brown; the tarsi light brown. The figure is that of an adult male, two thirds of its natural size. ih aati hc VS or. i q HAS ] 4 K LGOPAN £ TR. UZ &. 4“, V. / 13 JD Adult Male. 7 ONAL UU med by C. Li @ Lr IITA ITNT 2.3) 4 8 IN omy TIAN t ' ; i] j | | } { ; f ; i | } 1 ea a a AT O(N NY Nein fe I AN Ma S T Cw SANE AX c ENON \ OP G \ + RA JIN at. Size. Cc Lhinlimeand el. ted by Drown, Jrow Nature and ov Stone by Z. Gouda. cc {TTI ou, TILN G ay! os LZ EE, Vad: Cradle. 43 . y 4 Z | | 4] 3g MNJ EDUC TAAL 4 IIIT se ae ae Taps. LXIIL, LXIV., er LXV. TRAGOPAN HASTINGSILI. ee : oe rag. dorso brunneo-fusco undulato, abdomine intensé rubro, amborum plumis ad apicem nigris m medio albo guttatis ; crista cri is, alla med es g < issogue atris, illa ad apicem coccinea, hoc albo maculato ; collo posteriort coccineo ; thorace aurantio ; regione curcumocular? nuda ; carunculisque pendentrbus ° “A ° luteis ; caudéa atra, lutescenti-albo undulata. Longitudo corporis, 23 unc.; ale, 11; caude, 9+; tarsi, 3x. Tuis new speqes, on which we have bestowed the name of Hastingsi in honour of the Noble Marquis, whose patronage of science reflected as much credit on his government of India as his political career conferred glory, is no less beautiful than the foregoing species 7. Satyrus. It somewhat exceeds that bird im size, and may readily be distinguished from it by the gorget of fiery orange which ornaments the lower parts of the neck ; the feathers also of the breast and under parts are largely tipped with black, which, were it not for the white spot in the middle of each, would appear to be the uniform colour of this part, although the basal half of each feather 1s maroon. : Although this species and the last are closely allied to each other, and doubtless possess similar habits and manners, we are led to believe that their local distribution is somewhat different ; at least we generally receive but one species in a collection from the same quarter; the Zragopan Satyrus being transmitted from the Nepaulese hills, while the present species is sent to us from the more northern range of the Himalaya. The changes of plumage which birds of this genus, especially the present, undergo in passing from youth to maturity are such as to have caused an apparently erroneous multiplication of species. Diligent and repeated observations of a series of these birds in the various stages of their plumage have satisfied us that there are in reality but three distinct species yet known, two of which are figured in the ‘‘ Century,” the third being the Zragopan Temmincki before alluded to as illustrated in the “Indian Zoology” of Major-general Hard- wicke and Mr. Gray. The head of the adult male is covered with a pendent and throat are black; the neck and shoulders are rich maroon; the chest rich glossy orange red; the naked skin around the eyes is red; the fleshy horns and wattles mingled blue and purple; the upper parts exhibit a lines and marks of dark and light brown, with numerous and distinct spots of white; each with brown, and tipped with black ; crest of feathers, which as well as the ear-coverts mixture of zigzag of the upper tail-co the tail deepens till it ends in uniform with black, in the centre of which is a large w In the young male the plumage is much less developed, as is also the naked skin of the face. age of the female consists of a uniform brown, the feathers of the back and chest having a central dash of rs; the sides of the cheeks are clothed, and there are neither fleshy horns nor verts ends in a large white eye, bordered on the sides black ; the feathers of the under surface are maroon, largely tipped hite spot ; the beak is black ; the tarsi brown. brilliant, the wattles being of a pale flesh colour, and little mottled and barred with mingled lines and dots of a lighter colour ; the head is crested The plum various tints, with short rounded feathe wattles. The respective Plates represent the male, young male, and female, two thirds of their natural size. , A nen SSS LAT U Ss a on RIS O-C¢ aad ee ae a omy TaBB. LX XIII, LXXIV., ert LXXV. OTIS HIMALAYANUS. Of. niger ; alts albis ; dorso medio scapulartbusque palhdo-rufo brunneoque variegatis ; dorso imo pallido-rufo undulatim sparso ; cristee collique plumis anterioribus et postertortbus confertis, elongatis. Longitudo corporis, 21 unc.; rostri, 2; ale, 13; tarsi, 5%. Or all the Bustards, the Otis Himalayanus is perhaps the most interesting, on account of the differences in plumage between the adult males and females, and the young, all of which might pass for separate and distinct species. Nor is this difference in plumage limited merely to the sexes or young, for we have every reason to believe that the adult males, which are distinguished during summer by long flowing feathers from the occiput and chest, lose these graceful ornaments when the season for breeding has passed. The Plates exhibiting the adult male and female, and the young male, fully illustrate the differences alluded to. Though far from common, this remarkable species seems spread as well over the plains as the hilly districts; specimens of the young having been received from the neighbourhood of Calcutta, while the specimen from which the figure in Tab. LX XIII. was taken, and which is now deposited in the rich Museum of the Zoological Society, was received from the Himalayan mountains. This last is the only example of the adult male in full plumage which we have ever seen. Like the rest of the more typical of their race, they frequent the wild and open country, and are equally valued for the table with the Ozis migriceps. Of the nidification and eggs nothing has been ascertained. The adult male has the occiput and sides of the chest ornamented with long plumes; the colour of the head, neck, and under parts is of a uniform deep black; back and wing-coverts are pale rufous variegated and blotched with brown; the wings are white; the quills dark brown; the tail black tipped with white; the beak is dark brown; the tarsi brown. : In the young male, the back of the head is only slightly crested, and the chest wants the flowing feathers ; the under part alone is black, the head and neck being light rufous with zigzag marks of brown ; the tail is black tipped with white. The adult female resembles the young male in plumage, except that the black of the under sntlace is €x- changed for a pale fawn colour ; her general colour is in fact light rufous beautifully variegated with brown markings, which are large and conspicuous on the wings, but small and indistinct on the neck and chest, and lost on the abdomen. The figures represent the respective birds in the proportion of three fourths of their natural size. Z nea RAM Z y : Ss Ne y 8S > x & 8 S aS: xg Ss S in AP, Lrawn TINT INTT Im MITA 3 | a 1 TITTY Tas. LX XVI. TOTANUS GLOTTOIDES. Tot. supra fuscescenti-griseus, capite colloque fusco striatis, dorso alisque strigis fascusque fuscis undulatis ; fronte corporeque toto subtus nivers; rectricibus duabus medius grisescentrbus, lateralibus albis ; quatuor medis utrinque, ceteris externeé, fusco fasciatis. Statura formaque Tot. glottidis; differt notis supernis gracilioribus, corporeque subtus toto niveo, haud notato. Tuis interesting species of Zotanus is nearly allied to our European Greenshank, to which it bears a close resemblance in general colour and in the hue of its tarsi. It is, however, much inferior in size, and besides exhibits other specific characters by which it is easily distinguished. Of these we mention only, as the principal, that in the Himalayan bird the throat, breast and under parts are pure white, while in the Greenshank they are blotched with brownish olive. As regards habits and manners, the two birds partake alike of the same propensities ;—the morasses and marshy districts, among the defiles of the chain of Himalayan mountains, affording the Totanus glottoides a resort similar in its nature to the low marshes of Europe. It appears to be quite new, and we are not aware of its existence in any European collection, excepting that of the Zoological Society, in which is deposited the specimen from which the figure in the “ Century ” was taken. The general colour of the upper parts is of a light greyish brown, each feather having a lighter margin ; the top of the head and back of the neck are white, thickly spotted with brown strie; the tail is white barred with brown, the two middle feathers being entirely grey; the under surface is generally pure white. The figure is of the natural size. nepal | | ‘ | | fn Pg Poy ct ys BK eAaN x L, Goud: a ONE OY ure be ow Sti We = ww 1¥0WW SV 4 e Dron vv, | ae a a ATVI em 4 I TTYTTNV TH | TaB. LX XVII. PARRA SINENSIS. Tus species may be distinguished not less by the grace and beauty of its form than by its adaptation to the localities which nature has allotted it. Formed for traversing the morass and the lotus-covered surface of the water, it supports itself upon the floating weeds and leaves by the extraordinary span of the toes, aided by the unusual lightness of its body. Like the Moor-hen, of whose habits and manners it largely partakes, it is doubtless capable of swimming, the long and pendent tail-feathers being elevated, when in that act, so as not to dip in the water. In powers of flight it appears deficient; the wings being short, and the quills terminated by a slender appendage proceeding from the tip of the shafts. This singular bird has been long known as a native of the low lands of India and China, but was not supposed, until its recent introduction from that quarter, to have been a native of the Himalaya, where it inhabits lakes and swamps among the hills. The head, fore part of the neck, and chest, are white ; a black line runs from the occiput down the sides of the neck, bordering a large orange-coloured patch, extending from the occiput down the back of the neck to the top of the back ; the shoulders, wing-coverts, and a few of the outer secondaries, are white; the rest of the plumage a fine chocolate brown ; beak and tarsi dull greenish olive. Its.total length is 22 inches; the wing, 7; the tarsus, 24; the naked part of the thigh, 13; the expanse of foot from the end of the hind-toe to the end of the middle, 5. The bird is figured of the natural size. eee accom cman a : : = Oa eR i Hi i i i] é i 1 | @ t } ie a ' i ry at |e} a ae INA kha 3 HIYANTELTTITTL LNT ITA 2 | 5 Tas. LX XVIII. VANELLUS GOENSINS. of resort, where mollusca, worms and insects, constitute its principal food. across the wing; quills black ; black at the tip; legs yellow ; toes brown. The figure is of an adult of the natural size. Tus species is not figured in the “‘ Century” as a bird unknown to science, for we believe it to be synonymous with the Goa Lapwing of authors, but rather with a view of illustrating the only species of the genus to which it belongs that has hitherto been brought to Europe from the Himalayan mountains. In size it is something inferior to our Lapwing, or Peewit, though the great length of its legs and more slender contour of body render it the more elegant and graceful bird of the two. The Vanellus Goensis enjoys a very widely extended locality, being met with over nearly the whole of the Eastern continent, and it has even been received from China. In all these countries, marshy and reedy spots are its most favourite places As in all the rest of its family, there are no distinguishable marks of difference in the plumage of the sexes. The head, occiput, back of the neck, throat, anterior aspect of the neck, and chest, are deep black ; the circle of naked skin, with a process extending towards the beak, are red; the sides of the neck and whole of the under parts are white ; the back and wing-coverts are ashy brown with a tinge of vinous, which especially predominates on the shoulders ; outer scapularies and the lowest coverts white, forming an oblique band tail white, with a band of black crossing the centre ; bill red at the base, and 1 Sea Genus IsiporRHvNcHA. CHaractTeres GENERICI. Rostrum gracile, elongatum, deorsim -curvatum, bzdis Numeniique rostris simile; naribus lateralibus, longitudinalibus, membranA per totam longitudinem clausis. Corpus gracile, Grallatorum typicorum formam exhibens. Ale subelongate, subgradate ; remigibus secundis et tertiis eequalibus longissimis, prima pauld breviori, caeteris gradatim decrescentibus. Pedes mediocres, tridactyli, Hamatopodum pedibus simillimi ; digitis mnternis liberis, externis membrana usque ad pollicem primam connexis, omnibus marginatis ; unguibus obtusis. Cauda mediocris, aqualis. TaB. LX XIX. IBIDORHYNCHA STRUTHERSII. Ibid. corpore supra colloque in fronte pallidé griseis ; corpore subtius albo ; capitis vertice, facre guttureque nigris albo variegatis ; torque pectoral subgracili, ad nucham eatendente latiore, uropygiogue extremo atris ; rectricibus medis fusco obscure undulatim fasciatis, prope apicem NIQTo notatis, lateralium pogonis externis albis negro fascratis. Longitudo corporis, 14 unc. Turoucuout the whole of our new discoveries in the vast district which has furnished the subject of the present work, it would be difficult to pomt out a more interesting species than that before us, or one which has supplied ornithological science with characters more striking and peculiar. It may be observed to form a union between two groups generally considered as widely separated from each other; the body, the general form, and the legs of the Lbidorhyncha Struthers being similar to those of the He@matopus, while the bill is strictly that of the Jds. We were not so fortunate as to include the present bird in our own coilection from the Himalaya ; and it is to the kindness of Dr. Scouler, of the Addisonian Museum of Glasgow,—who received it from Mr. Struthers, the gentleman who collected it, and whose name forms its specific appellation,—that we are indebted for the opportunity of figuring it. Its habits and manners remain yet to be discovered and recorded. The forehead, top of the head, and the throat, are black; a black band extends from the sides of the mantle across the chest; the neck is pale cinereous ; the upper plumage ashy grey; the tail barred with irregular lines of black, the outer feathers being white with regular bars, and tipped, as are several of the succeeding, with black ; the under surface is white ; the beak and tarsi red. The figure represents the bird of its natural size. PC acerca Seen T I ack we fm daar Hepa ANSER INI AN i 1 Nak. Ste , ron Natwore & ow Stone by E.Goudd v Trang U Lrintew by C Zuilimeandel: TaB. LX XX. ANSER INDICUS. Tus handsome though soberly coloured Goose, which is much sought after on account of the delicacy of its flesh, and which is well known in the low lands of India, is figured in the ‘‘ Century,” not only because it exhibits a beautiful specimen of the aquatic birds of the Eastern World, but because it is the first time that a notice has been given of its having been taken in the higher regions of the Himalaya. It may be also added that no previous figure has been given of it. The forehead, cheeks, throat, and a line down the side of the neck, are white; a black semilunar mark passes from eye to eye, across the top of the head, and a similar mark reaching to the ear-coverts is situated on the occiput; the back of the neck is dark greyish brown ; the upper surface grey, the feathers of the back being edged with dull white ; a black bar crosses the wings, and the quills terminate in the same colour; the rump is white; the front of the neck below the throat is brown, with a few dark spots at the upper part ; under surface pale cinereous, the flanks having obscure bars of brown; the beak is red; the nail black ; the legs red. The figure represents the bird two thirds of its natural size. 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