RAMPHOMICRON STANLEYI.

Stanley’s Thorn-bill.

Trochilus Stanleyi, Boure. et Muls. in Ann. de la Soe. d'Agr., &c. de Lyon, May 24, 1850.

 

So largely have our collections been enriched of late years with additional species of this lovely group of
birds, that I believe I am right in affirming that only fifteen years prior to the present period (1852), not
a single species of the restricted genus Ramphomicron was known to the Ornithologists of Europe. This
may have arisen in a great measure from the scanty knowledge we then had of the productions of the
great Andean range, particularly that portion bordering on the Equator, from the circumstance of some
of the species being apparently confined to very limited areas, and to the fact of many of them inhabiting
localities wherein no one could have imagined that such delicate creatures would be found, and where,
consequently, they were never sought for. The species figured on the accompanying Plate is a remarkable
illustration of the case in point, the bird being, as I have reason to believe, confined to the inner sides
of the great crater of Pichincha in Ecuador, where it was discovered by the French Trochilidist,
M. Bourcier, whose account of his ascent of the mountain and discovery of the bird is so admirably
detailed, that it is only an act of justice to him to give the account as nearly as may be in his own words.
Before doing so, however, I would remark that this bird, which is of no ordinary interest, possesses cha-
racters so peculiarly its own, that it cannot for a moment be confounded with any other species.

The dark and lugubrious colouring, relieved alone by the narrow metallic streak down the throat, indi-
cates, on the one hand, the kind of situation in which it would probably be found; and on the other, its
short and feeble bill points out that minute insects constitute its food, and that a corresponding diminutive
flora doubtless clothes the situations which the bird frequents.

The present makes the fifth species of the well-defined genus Ramphomicron, and although not the most
highly coloured, it is not the least interesting in the eyes of the true Naturalist. In the blue colouring of
its back it is nearly allied to 2. microrhyncha ; while in the form of its beard or throat-mark it reminds
one of the well-known R. heteropogon. As is the case with those species, the female differs from the male
in wanting the brilliant throat-mark ; and the young birds are mottled on the throat with white.

M. Bourcier has dedicated this species to the son of the Earl of Derby, as a tribute of respect to his
Lordship, and to his noble grandfather, who devoted a long lifetime to the pursuit of Natural History, and
contributed so largely and so munificently to the advancement of that branch of science.

The following account by M. Bourcier of his discovery of this beautiful species, as given in a letter to
his friend M. Mulsant, will be read with interest :—

«A few days ago, accompanied by two Indians, I attempted an ascent of the mountain Pichincha, a
volcano so called, situated about three leagues and a half to the west-north-west of the city of Quito, but
which is not usually reached until after a seven or eight hours’ march. Part of the journey may be easily
performed on horseback, but on attaining a certain elevation you are compelled to quit your horses, and
let them await your return: fortunately the uninhabited position permits of your tethering them without
fear of robbers. From this point the ascent became very difficult, as we had continually to climb over the
heaps of pumice-stones with which the steep sides of the mountain were strewn. But how en I describe
to you the magnificent picture which, after having surmounted these obstacles, met our delighted gaze?
Picture to yourself two crater-formed cavities, separated by a trachytic wall, from the bottom of which
opens near forty mouths vomiting smoke. We were at a height above the level of the sea corresponding
with the summit of Mont Blanc, without a trace of vegetation around us; It was the desert in its majesty
and its silence. The Condor alone, the King of these elevated solitudes, hovered above these desert
places, his eternal domain. At our feet were immense gullies, of which os digimce disguised their
vast depth. They had been formed without doubt by the dreadful eruptions of which history and tradition
have preserved the most unhappy remembrances. Unfortunately we had proceeded in the direction of the
most abruptly elevated point, and were obliged to make a detour of thts names of a league to find a
more gradual ascent; nevertheless, it was still from 400 to 500 metres. This delayee my arrival at the
middle of the desert circle, and prevented me from approaching near to these breathing-holes, which perhaps
preserve the country from fresh eruptions of the volcano, and from exploring with ornithological ne
a country too rarely visited. Then think of the troubles and dangers to be encountered before being repaid !
To descend these steep declivities, one is obliged to support oneself on one’s hands, and occasionally to ste
over the surface. Often the calcined accumulations on which you tread pulverize under your feet, causing
those around to lose their equilibrium and draw others after them, the falling masses frequently menacing
the life of the traveller. After four hours of fatigue alleviated by the hope of pleasures to come, we arrived
at the wished-for destination, and found ourselves in a crater of a circular or rather slightly oval form, sur-
of a uniform elevation, except on the western side, where it 1s cut

rounded by a kind of wall of trachyte a
which falling into the Esmeralda, carry their tribute to the Pacific

down for the passage of the waters,