Suse Perr 2 * Cl e $ Py - CI 7) Rae ° * « * e e ° 7) rc J rai ° = J e o CJ ry ° ® ° a cy r « J LJ HS DAP es a] -. aN Zs o D » } - oss, G6) DIO Laz os a Seen ea 5 See on at PS OLS Cs Ba 53 PS Xo mx Pet ; Tas ee Oe K x , 4 Sez . AN aS : ) CAS 4 mA . ey c Nar, cS, a re A. ae ys oe oo Gee On BAO Peed CoC Py = se Oo 2 iS 15 , : 4s A ee Be PS is a echs Os y ht Nake ee che hed Noe Ce Nea ok jC ES : JN pe Se J 8 GUN Seed BEA See ed be DS Ae NEARS I SEI hd Cea ae 7 SNS ANAS AS Ne x2 Bee * ~ a ef IF od SP. S S ot CP ome ae OPS y- 4X pf a ale ee Pe oN oe i wAN ges wy in 3 ise sy SO Cee oFrr.- BAA A wer Si aa on TNE ORT ate Law Ee: =, UI A MONOGRAPH OF THE TROCHILID A OR FAMILY OF HUMMING-BIRDS. BY JOHN GOULD, F.R.S., F.LS., V.P. AND E.ZS., M.ES., F.R.GEOGS,, MRAY S., CORR. MEMB. OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TURIN; OF THE SOC. OF THE MUSEUM OF NAT. HIST. OF STRASBOURG; FOR. MEMB, OF THE NAT. HIST. SUC. OF NURNBERG, AND OF THE IMP. NAT. HIST. SOC. OF MOSCOW ; HON. MEMB. OF THE NAT. HIST. SOC. OF DARMSTADT; OF THE NAT. HIST. AND THE NAT. HIST. AND MED. SOCS. OF DRESDEN; OF THE ROY. SOC. OF TASMANIA; OF THE ROY. ZOOL. SOC. OF IRELAND; OF THE PENZANCE NAT, HIST. SOC.; OF THE WORCESTER NAT, HIST. SOC.; OF THE NORTHUMBERLAND, DURHAM, AND NEWCASTLE NAT. HIST. SOC.; OF THE IPSWICH MUSEUM; OF THE ORN. SOC. OF GERMANY; OF THE DORSET COUNTY MUSEUM AND LIBRARY; OF THE ROYAL UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION, ETC. IN FIVE VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON: PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 5 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 26 CHARLOTTE STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE. 1861, (THE AUTHOR RESERVES TO HIMSELF THE RIGHT OF TRANSLATION, ] TO HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE CROWN PRINCESS OF PRUSSIA, PRINCESS ROYAL OF ENGLAND, THIS MONOGRAPH OF THE TROCHILIDA, OR FAMILY OF HUMMING-BIRDS, IS, WITH PERMISSION, MDedtcated, BY HER ROYAL HIGHNESS’S MOST OBEDIENT AND FAITHFUL SERVANT, JOHN GOULD. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE CONSORT. HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SAXONY. HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF HANOVER. HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF DENMARK. HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS. HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF PORTUGAL. HIS HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WIED. ARGYLL, His Grace the Duke of, K.T., P.C., F.R.S.L.& E., F.GS., &e. Argyll Lodge, Cumpden Hill, Kensington ; Inverary Casile, Argyllshire ; and Roseneath Castle, Dumbartonshire. Bedford, His Grace the Duke of. Belgrave Square; Woburn Abbey, and Oakley House, Bedfordshire; and Endsleigh, Tavistock, Devonshire. Buccleuch and Queensbury, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., P.C., F.R.S., F.LS., D.C.L., &c. Whitehall Gardens; Broughton House, Kettering, Northamptonshire ; Richmond, Surrey ; Dalkeith Palace, Edinburgh ; Drumlanrig Castle, and Langholm Lodge, Dumfriesshire ; and Bowhill, Selkirk, N. B. Devonshire, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., M.A., F.R.S., F.R.G.S., F.G:S., F.R.8.L. Devonshire House, Piccadilly ; Chatsworth, and Hardwicke Hall, Devonshire ; Bolton Abbey, Yorkshire ; Lismore Castle, Waterford ; Holker Hall, Newton in Cartmel, Lancashire ; and Compton Place, Eastbourne, Susser. 2 Copies. Hamilton and Brandon, His Grace the Duke of. Arlington Street, Piccadilly ; Hamilton Palace, Lanarkshire; Brodick Castle, Isle of Arran; Kinniel House, Linlithgowshire; and Easton Park, Wickham Market, Suffolk. Leeds, His Grace the Duke of. Hornby Castle, Catterick, Yorkshire. Marlborough, His Grace the Duke of, D.C.L., F.R.G.S. St. James’s Square ; and Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Newcastle, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., P.C. Clumber Park, Worksop, Nottinghamshire. Norfolk, Her Grace the Duchess Dowager of. Hamilton Place, Piccadilly. Portland, His Grace the Duke of. Cavendish Square ; and Welbeck Abbey, Worksop, Nottinghamshire. Sutherland, His Grace the Duke of. Stafford House, St. James’s ; Trentham Hall, Staffordshire ; Cliefden, Bucks ; and Dunrobin Castle, Sutherlandshire. Wellington, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., P.C., F.R.G.S. Apsley House, Piccadilly ; Strathfieldsaye, Winchfield, Hants ; Thetford Lodge, Clermont near Walton, and Hilborough Hall, Brandon, Norfolk. Northampton, the Most Hon. the Marquis of. Piccadilly ; Casile Ashby, Northampton ; and Compton Wynniaties, Tysoe, Kineton, Warwickshire. Westminster, the Most Hon. the Marchioness of. Grosvenor House, Upper Grosvenor Street ; Eaton Hall, Chester ; Halkin Castle, Flintshire ; Motcombe House, Dorsetshire; and Fonthill Giffard, Wiltshire. Aylesford, the Right Hon. the Earl of. Packington Hall, Coventry, Warwickshire ; and Aylesford, Maidstone, Kent. | | i| || | | || Craven, the Right Hon. the Harl of. Charles Street, Berkeley Square ; Coombe Abbey, Coventry, Warwickshire ; Hampstead Marshall, Newbury ; and Ashdown Park, Lambourn, Berkshire. Ellesmere, the Right Hon. the Earl of, F.R.G.S. Bridgewater House, St. James’s; Burwood House, Cobham, Surrey; and Worsley Hall, near Manchester, Lancashire. Fitzwilliam, the Right Hon. the Earl. Grosvenor Square ; Wentworth Woodhouse, Rotheram, Yorkshire ; and Coollatin House, Wexford, Lreland. Gosford, the Right Hon. the Harl of, K.P. Grosvenor Street ; and Gosford Castle, Armagh, Ireland. Leicester, the Right Hon. the Countess of. Holkham Hall, Norfolk. Sheffield, the Right Hon. the Earl of, F.R.G.S. Portland Place ; and Sheffield Park, Uckfield, Sussex. Strathmore and Kinghorn, the Right Hon. the Earl of. Lowndes Square; Paulswalden, Hertfordshire ; and Glammis Castle, Forfarshire. Yarborough, the Right Hon. the Earl of. Arlington Street, Piccadilly ; Brocklesby Park, and Manby Hall, Brigg, Lincolnshire ; and St. Lawrence Cottage, Ventnor, Isle of Wight. Falmouth, the Right Hon. the Viscountess,and Baroness Le Despencer. St. James’s Square; Mereworth Castle, Maidstone, Kent; and Tregothnan, Truro, Cornwall. Hill, the Right Hon. the Viscount, F.G.S. Hawkstone, near Shrews- bury ; and Hardwick Grange, Shropshire. Stratford de Redcliffe, the Right Hon. the Viscount, G.C.B., P.C. Grosvenor Square. DuBus de Gisignies, M. le Viscomte. Brussels. Braybrooke, the Right Hon. the Lord. New Burlington Street ; Audley End, Saffron Walden, Essex; and Haydon House, Royston, Hertfordshire. Burghley, the Right Hon. the Lord, M.P. Bruton Street, Berkeley Square ; and Burghley House, Stamford, Lincolnshire. Egerton of Tatton, the Right Hon. the Lord. St. James’s Square ; and Tatton Park, Cheshire. Leigh, the Right Hon. the Lord. Portman Square ; Stoneleigh Abbey, Kenilworth, Warwickshire; and Adlestrop House, Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire. Lilford, the Right Hon. the Lord. Grosvenor Place; Lilford Hall, Oundle, Northamptonshire; and Bewsay Hall, Warrington, Lancashire. Methuen, the Right Hon. the Lord. Corsham Court, Chippenham, Wiltshire. Wenlock, the Right Hon. the Lord. Berkeley Square ; Escrick Park, near York ; Canwell Hall, near Tamworth; and Bourton Lodge, Much Wenlock, Shropshire. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Crewe, the Right Hon. the Lady. Hill Street, Berkeley Square ; and | Crewe Hall, Cheshire. Rolle, the Right Hon, the Lady. Upper Grosvenor Street ; Steven-_ || ston, near Torrington; Bicton, near Exeter; and Bovey, near Axminster, Devonshire. Fitzwilliam, the Hon. G. W. Milton, Peterborough, Lincolnshire. Howard, the Hon. Mrs. Ashtead Park, Epsom, Surrey. Call, Sir William P., Bart. Old Bond Street ; and Whiteford House, Stoke Climsland, Launceston, Cornwall. Cathcart, Sir John, Bart. Cooper’s Hill, Egham, Surrey. Egerton, Sir Philip de Malpas Grey, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., F.G.S._ | Oulton Park, Tarporley, Cheshire. Gage, Sir Thomas R., Bart. Hengrave Hall, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Guise, General Sir John W., Bart. Pulteney Street, Bath. | Harty, Sir Robert, Bart. Dudlin. Isham, Sir Charles E., Bart. Lamport ‘House, Northampton. Jardine, Sir William, Bart., F.R.S. L. and E., F.L.S., M.W.S. Jardine Hall, Lockerby, Dumfriesshire. Milner, Sir William M.E., Bart. Nunappleton, Tadcaster, Yorkshire. Peto, Sir 8. Morton, Bart., M.P., F.R.G.S. Kensington Palace Gardens ; and Somerleyton Hall, Lowestoft, Suffolk. Pole, Sir Peter Van Notten, Bart. Upper Harley Street; and | Todenham House, Moreton in the Marsh, Gloucestershire. Bent, Lady. Liverpool. | The Astor Library, New York. The Library of the University of Aberdeen. | The Library of the Faculty of Advocates, Edinburgh. The Library of the Royal Zoological Society of Natura Artis Magistra | | | at Amsterdam. The Library of the Section of Art, South Kensington. | The Library of the Athenzeum, Pall Mail. The Royal Library of Berlin. The Bodleian Library, Ozford. The Natural History Society of Boston, North America. | The Colony of British Guiana. The Library of the British Museum. The Library of the University of Cambridge. The Library of the Geological Survey of Canada, Montreal. The Library of the Parliament of Canada. The Canadian Institute, Toronto, Upper Canada. The Library of the University of Christiania. Classen’s Library, Copenhagen. The Royal Dublin Society. The Library of Trinity College, Dublin. The Library of the University of Edinburgh. The Teylerian Library, Haarlem. The Hull Subscription Library. The Liverpool Free Public Library. | The Liverpool Library. The Royal Institution of Liverpool. | The London Institution, Finsbury Circus. The Public Library of Melbourne, Australia. The New York State Library. The Library of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. The Palatine Library, Florence. The Radcliffe Library, Oxford. The Royal Institution of Great Britain, Albemarle Street. The Royal Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly. The Library of the Museum of Natural History, Rouen. The Library of the University of St. Andrew’s. The Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, North America. The Library of Sion College, London. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, North America. The Library of the Museum of Natural History of Strasbourg. The Royal Society of Tasmania. The Tridentine College, Guatemala. The Troy Young Men’s Library, New York, North The Imperial Library of Vienna, America, | The Warrington Museum and Library, Lancashire. The Library of Yale College, New Haven, North America, The Yorkshire Philosophical Society. The Zoological Society of London. Allan, the Hon. G. W. Moss Park, Toronto, Upper Canada. Allport, Morton, Esq. Hobart Town, Tasmania. Allsopp, Henry, Esq. Ham Court, Upton-on-Severn, Worcestershire. Attwood, B., Esq. Bridge Street, Blackfriars. Aynsley, J. Murray, Esq. Underdown, Ledbury, Herefordshire. Baker, T. B. L., Esq., F.G.S. &. Hardwicke Court, Gloucester. Balston, the Rey. E. Eton College. Barclay, J. G., Esq. Lombard Street ; and Leyton, Essex. Bateman, J., Esq. Biddulph Grange, Congleton, Cheshire. Bennett, Dr. Sydney, New South Wales. Betts, E. L., Esq. Preston Hall, Maidstone, Kent. Bidder, G. P., Esq., C.E., F.R.G.S. Mitcham Hail, Surrey. Bigot, Mons. F. Paris. Binney, Dr. A. Boston, North America. Bishop, G., Esq. Regent’s Park. Botfield, Beriah, Hsq., M.P., M.A., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.R.S.L., F.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., F.L.S., and F.G.S. Grosvenor Square ; Norton Hall, Daventry, Northamptonshire ; Decker Hill, Shiffnall ; and Hopton Court, Ludlow, Shropshire. Bourcier, Mons. Jules. Paris. Bowles, Rear Admiral, C.B., F.R.G.S. Hill Street, Berkeley Square. Brassey, Thomas, Esq. Lowndes Square. Brockhaus, Mons. F. A. Leipzig. Brown, Mrs. Alexander. Liverpool. Brown, James, Esq., M.P. Rossington, Bawtry, Yorkshire. Butler, Charles, Esq. Sussex Square, Hyde Park. Butler, Richard, Esq. Hobart Town, Tasmania. Buxton, C., Esq. Grosvenor Crescent, Belgrave Square; and Fox Warren, Cobham, Surrey. Buxton, T. F., Esq. Leytonstone, Essex. Cabbell, B. B., Esq., F.R.S., F.R.GS., INS. TAS LIb, Ryo. Brick Court, Temple; Portland Place ; Aldwick, Sussex; and Cromer, Norfolk. Campbell, Archibald, Esq. Seamore Place, May Fair ; and Blyths- wood, Renfrewshire, N.B. Clark, Joshua, Esq. Saffron Walden, Essex. Clarke, Mrs. Langton. Whitburn, Sunderland. Cotes, John, Esq. Woodcote, Newport, Shropshire. Coulthurst, W.M., Esq. New Street, Spring Gardens ; and Streatham Lodge, Surrey. Coutts, Miss Burdett. Stratton Street, Piccadilly ; and Holly Lodge Highgate, Middlesex. Coxen, E., Esq. Brisbane, New South Wales. Crowley, A., Esq. Alton, Hampshire. Crowley, C. S., Esq. Cavendish Place, Cavendish Square. Cubitt, Joseph, Esq. Great George Street, Westminster. Currer, Miss. Eshton Hall, Gargrave, Yorkshire. Darby, Mrs. Alfred. Stanley Hall, Bridgenorth, Shropshire. Deacon, John, Esq. Birchin Lane, Lombard Street. Delafosse, Mrs. Cleveland Square, Hyde Park. Dickinson, John, Esq., F. DSI, TOES) TSE AN. Upper Brook Street, Grosvenor Square; and Abbott's Hill, near King’s Langley, Hertfordshire. Dowdeswell, Mrs. George. The Down House, Redmarley, Here- fordshire. Drummond, Miss, Berkeley Square, Bristol. Drummond, Robert, Esq. Park Lane. Dutton, Edward Lennox, Esq. Bibury, Fair, ord, Gloucestershire. Duuring, Gerard, Esq. Rotterdam. Elliot, D. G., Esq. New York. Erskine, T. Hy Esq. Cambridge Street, Eccleston Square, Pimlico. Bytons Op Esq. Eyton, Wellington, Shropshire. Feilden, J., Esq. Witton House, Blackburn, Lancashire. Floresi d’Arcais, Signor Lorenzo. Turin. Foljambe, G. S., Esq. Osberton, Worksop, Nottinghamshire. Fowler, Mrs. Queen Square Place, Westminster. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Gibson, W. G., Esq. Saffron Walden, Essex. Gilbert, J. D., Esq. Trelissick, Truro, Cornwall. Godfrey, T. S., Esq., jun. Balderton, Newark-on-Trent, Notting- hamshire. Gott, John, Esq. Leeds, Yorkshire. Gould, Thomas, Esq. Slough, Buckinghamshire. Graves, Messrs. Henry, & Co. Pail Mail. Grenfell, Riversdale W., Esq. Maidenhead, Berkshire. Gurney, H. £., Esq. Nutfield, Surrey. Gurney, J. H., Esq., M.P., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S. Catton Hall, Norwich. Gurney, S., Esq., M.P., F.S.A., F.L.S., F.R.G.S. Princes Gate, Hyde Park ; and Carshalton, Surrey. Gzowski, C. 8., Esq. Toronto, Upper Canada. Hale, R. B., Esq. Alderley Park, Wotton-under-edge, Gloucestershire. Hanbury, R., Esq. Poles, near Ware, Hertfordshire. Hardcastle, T. R., Esq. New York. Harrison, John, Esq. South Lane, Highgate, Middlesex. Hartree, W., Esq. Lewisham Road, Greenwich, Kent. Hebeler, Bernhard, Esq., K.C.R.E., Cons. Gen. for Prussia, Wur- temburg, the Grand Duchy of Hesse, Brunswick, Nassau, and Frankfort. Portland Place. Heron, Joseph, Esq. own Hall, Manchester. Hewson, John, Esq. Newlands, Lincoln. Hopkins, Thomas, Esq. he Park, Nottingham. Hudson, Robert, Esq., F.R.S. &e. Huth, Louis, Esq. Upper Harley Street. Ingram, Herbert, Esq. Loudwater, Hertfordshire. James, W. M., Esq., Q.C. Wimpole Street. Jameson, W., Esq., Professor of Natural History in the University of Quito. Ecuador. Jones, Henry, Esq. Chester Square; and The Fishery , Denham, Clapham Common. Buckinghamshire. Jones, Mrs. The Vicarage, Baschurch, Shropshire. Kelk, John, Esq. South Street, Grosvenor Square ; and The Priory, Stanmore, Middlesex. Knight, Edward, Esq. Chawton House, Hampshire. Langworthy, H. R., Esq. Victoria Park, Manchester. Larking, John Wingfield, Esq. The Firs, Lee; Kent. Lawrence, G. N., Esq. New York. Leadbeater, Mr. Benjamin. Brewer Street, Golden Square. Lefroy, Lt.-Col. Grosvenor House, Blackheath, Kent. Legh, G. C., Esq., M.P., F.G.S. Eaton Place ; and High Legh, Warrington, Cheshire. Lenox, James, Esq. New York. Little, Brown, & Co., Messrs. Boston, North America. Llewelyn, J. D., Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S. &e. South Wales. Loche, Le Capitaine. produits de l’ Algérie. Lucas, C. T., Esq. Sister House, Clapham Common. Pennlergare, Swansea, Directeur de Vexposition permanente des Algiers. Lucas, T., Esq. Lower Grove House, Roehampton, Surrey. M°Call, Col. G. A. Philadelphia, North America. M°Douall, Col. Logan, Stranraer, N. B. McLean, Mrs. Howard. Brandon Place, Glasgow. Macmurdo, E. L., Esq. Down Castle House, Hastings, Sussex. M*Murray, W., Esq. Cecil Street, Strand. Marjoribanks, D. C., Esq., M.P. Upper Brook Street ; and Guisachan House, Inverness-shire. Marshall, W., Esq., M.P., F.G.S. S¢. George’s Road, Pimlico; and Patterdale Hall, Penrith, Cumberland. Meynell, T., Esq. The Fryerage, Yarm, Yorkshire. Milne, A., Esq., C.B., F.R.G.S. St. James’s Place. Mitford, Rear Admiral. Hunmanby Hail, Scarborough, Yorkshire. Morland, W. C., Esq. Wickham Court, Bromley, Kent. Naylor, John, Esq. Liverpool; and Leighton Hall, Welchpool, Montgomeryshire. Naylor, Richard C., Esq. Hooton Hall, near Chester. Nelson, Dr. Pitcox, Dunbar, N. B. Noble, John, Esq. Westbourne Terrace, Hyde Park; and Berry Hill, Taplow, Buckinghamshire. Orde, Capt. J. W. Powlett. Kilmory, Loch-Gilp Head, N. B. Packe, J., Esq. Melton Hall, Woodbridge, Suffolk. Palmer, Everard, Esq. Buffalo, North America. Parker, Mrs. Whiteway House, Chudleigh, Devonshire. Peckover, W., Esq. Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire. Percy, Dr., F.R.S., F.G.S. &. Craven Mill, Bayswater. IBELerS Wey Eisqen Hehe GaSe HERE ALSus Nuchalas Lane, Lombard Street ; and Ashfold Lodge, Sussex. Popham, Francis, Esq. Bagborough House, Taunton, Somersetshire. Preston, Henry, Esq. Moreby Hall, near York. Purnell, Purnell B., Esq. Stancombe Park, Dursley, Gloucestershire. Ransom, Alfred, Esq. Hitchin, Hertfordshire. Reeves, J. R., Esq. Woodhays, Wimbledon, Surrey. Reeves, Thomas, Esq. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rendel, J. Meadows, Esq. Kensington Palace Gardens. Richardson, W. S., Esq., F.G.S. Dorset Place, Dorset Square. Rigby, C., Esq. Hampton Court, Middlesex. Rigby, J., Esq. Kew Green, Surrey. Roberts, Mrs. Brookfield Lodge, Shirley, Southampton. Robinson, J. L., Esq. Zoronto, Upper Canada. Rucker, Sigismund, Esq. West Hill, Wandsworth, Surrey. Russell, Mrs. Grove End Road, St. John’s Wood. Russell, Jesse W., Esq., F.R.S., ER GaSe,) Ee G2Se rand) Halinse Ilam Hall, Ashthorpe, Derbyshire; and Biggin Hall, Oundle Northamptonshire. St. John, Edward, Esq. Oakley, Basingstoke, Hampshire. Schunck, Martin, Esq. Manchester. 3) Shepherd, James, Esq. Blackburn, Lancashire. Shuttleworth, R. J., Esq. Berne, Switzerland. Sibthorp, the Rey. H. W. Washingborough, Lincolnshire. Skaife, John, Esq. Blackburn, Lancashire. Skinner, George Ure, Esq. Chipperfield House, King’s Langley, Hertfordshire. Sonto, Senhor. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Spode, Josiah, Esq. Hawkeyard Park, Rugeley, Staffordshire. Staniforth, the Rev. Thomas. Bolton Rectory, Clitheroe, Lancashire ; and Storr’s Hall, Windermere, Westmoreland. Stephens, S. Lyne, Esq. Roehampton, Surrey. Stephenson, Robert, Esq. Gloucester Square, Hyde Park. Strickland, H.E., Esq. Apperley Court, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire. Stuart, R. L., Esq. New York. Tayloe, E., Esq. Clapham Common. Taylor, W., Esq. Bishop’s Stortford, Essen. Thackeray, Miss. Portman Square; and Old Windsor, Berkshire. Tooth, Robert, Esq. Sydney, New South Wales. Tournier, Mons. Gabriel. Rue des Orfevres, Geneva. Troughton, N., Esq. Priory Row, Coventry, Warwickshire. Turner, C. Hampden, Esq. Bruton Street, Berkeley Square ; and The Rook’s Nest, Godstone, Surrey. Verreaux, Madame Edouard. Place Royale, Paris. Vrolik, Professor W. Amsterdam. Walker, Isaac, Esq. Southgate, Middlesen. Walter, Capt. Upper Grosvenor Street, Grosvenor Square. Walter, Henry F., Esq. Papplewick Hail, Nottinghamshire. Walton, J. F., Esq. Great Marlborough Street. Waterhouse, Rogers, Esq. Liverpool. Wells, William, Esq. Bruton Street, Berkeley Square; Redleaf, Tunbridge, Kent ; and Holmwood, near Stilton, Huntingdonshire, Wheble, James, Esq. Bulmershe Court, Reading, Berkshire. Whitlaw, C., Esq. Taplow, Buckinghamshire. Wigram, H. L., Esq. Grosvenor Square. Williams, M., Esq., M.P. Truro, Cornwail. Woods, Mr. T. Blackburn, Lancashire. Wynn, Lt.-Col. Herbert Watkin Williams, M.P. S¢. James’s Square; and The Cefn, St. Asaph, North Wales. BN Gok. Tuat early impressions of the mind are vividly retained, while events of the day flit from our memory, must have been experienced by every one. How vivid, then, is my recollection of the first Humming-Bird which met my admiring gaze! with what delight did I examine its tiny body and feast my eyes on its glittering plumage! This early impression, I well remember, gradually increased into an earnest desire to attain a more intimate acquaintance with the lovely group of birds to which it pertained, and was still further strengthened when an opportunity was afforded me of inspecting the, at that time, unique collection of the Trochilide formed by the late Mr. George Loddiges, of Hackney. This gentleman and myself were imbued with a kindred spirit in the love we both entertained for this family of living gems. To describe the feeling which animated us with regard to them is impossible ; it can, in fact, only be realized by those who have made Natural History a study, and who pursue the investigation of its charming mysteries with ardour and delight. That our enthusiasm and excitement with regard to most things become lessened, if not deadened, by time, particularly when we have acquired what we vainly consider a complete knowledge of the subject, is, I fear, too often the case with most of us ; not so, however, I believe with those who take up the study of the Family of Humming-Birds. Certainly I can affirm that such is not the case with myself; for the pleasure which I experience on seeing a Humming-Bird is as great at the present moment as when I first saw one. During the first twenty years of my acquaintance with these wonderful works of creation, my thoughts were often directed to them in the day, and my night dreams have not unfrequently carried me to their native forests in the distant country of America. In passing through this world I have remarked that when inquirers of a strong will really set themselves to attain a definite object, they generally accomplish it ; and in my own case the time at length arrived when I was permitted to revel in the delight of seeing the Humming-Birds in a state of nature, and to observe their habits in the woods and among the great flowering trees of the United States of America and in Canada. For some time a single Humming-Bird was my Cc a a Vi PREFACE. constant companion during days of toil by road and rail ; and I ultimately succeeded in bringing a living pair within the confines of the British Islands, and a single individual to London, where oO it lived for two days, when, from the want of proper food or the change of climate, it died. Although so enthusiastically attached to the subject, I should not have formed a collection of the Trochilide, or attempted an account of their history, had not my late friend Mr. George Loddiges (whose many excellences are too universally known to need any comment a me) been prematurely removed from among us. Prior to his lamented death, whatever species I procured from my various correspondents were freely placed at his disposal ; and his collection was then unrivalled, and the pride of the owner as well as of his country, so far as a private collection could be considered of. national importance. It was not until after Mr. Loddiges’ decease that I determined upon forming the collection I myself possess, which now far surpasses every other, both in the number of species and examples. Ten years ago this collection was exhibited for a short time in the Gardens of the Zoological Society in the Regent’s Park, and, I believe, afforded unmixed delight to the many thousands who visited those Gardens in the memorable year 1851. Many favourable notices of it appeared in the periodicals of the day ; and my friend Mr. Martin published a small popular work in express reference to it. During the period which has since elapsed I have been unceasing in my endeavours to obtain every species which has been discovered by the enterprising travellers of this country, of Germany, of France, and of America. It would be invidious were I to extol the exertions of one more than those of another, nor could I do so without committing mjustice ; for the travellers of all these countries have shown equal intrepidity in their endeavours to bring to light the hidden treasures of the great primzeval forests of the New World. Some of them, such as Azara, Spix, Bullock, Delattre, Floresi, Dyson, Hoffmann, and Mathews (the discoverer of the wonderful Loddigesia mirabilis), are no longer among us: of those living who have paid especial attention to the Humming-Birds I may mention the names of Prince Maximilian of Wied, Waterton, Gosse, Warszewicz, Linden, Bridges, Jameson, Wallace, Bates, Darwin, Reeves, Hauxw ell, Skinner, Bourcier, Sallé, Salvin, Fraser, Gundlach, Bryant, Montes de Oca, &e. It is to these men, livmg and dead, that science is indebted for a knowledge of so many of these “gems of creation ;" and it is by their exertions that such collections as Mr. Loddiges’ and my own have been formed. I regret exceedingly that I have not seen so much of this lov ely group of birds in a state of nature as I could have wished: the traveller and the historian are seldom united ; and in this instance it would have been impossible. The constant personal attention and care necessary for the production of such a work as « A Monograph of the Trochilidee’ could only be given m a metropolis ; for in no other place could such a publication be accomplished without PREFACE. Vil a greatly increased expenditure both of time and money: it is only in capitals like London and Paris that undertakings of this nature can be carried out successfully ; for nowhere else are the requisite talents and materials to be obtained. I feel that I am greatly indebted to those who have honoured this work with their support for their kindness and the patience with which they have continued with me to its completion —the more especially as, owing to the discovery of so many new species since its commence- ment, it has extended far beyond its expected limits. I am also especially indebted to those persons connected with its production, by whose assistance I have been enabled to bring so great an undertaking to a satisfactory close. To my artist Mr. Richter, to Mr. Prince, and to Mr. Bayfield (all names connected with my former works), I owe many thanks. To the projectors and publisher of ‘Curtis's Botanical Magazine’ I am likewise indebted for many hints and for permission to copy parts of some of their plates of the flowering plants of those districts of South America which are frequented by Humming-Birds. In case the merits of this work should be unknown to some of my readers, I mention that it is generally acknow- ledged its production reflects equal credit upon its Editors Sir William Jackson Hooker and Mr. Smith, the artist Mr. Fitch, and its publisher Mr. Lovell Reeve: Numerous attempts had been made at various times to give something like a representation of the glittermg hues with which this group of birds are adorned; but all had ended in disap- pointment, and the subject seemed so fraught with difficulty that I at first despaired of its accomplishment. I determined, however, to make the trial, and, after a series of lengthened, troublesome, and costly experiments, I have, I trust, partially, if not completely succeeded. Similar attempts were simultaneously carried on in America by W. M. L. Baily, Esq., who with the utmost kindness and liberality explained his process to me; and although I have not adopted it, I must in fairness admit that it is fully as successful as my own. I shall always entertain a lively remembrance of the pleasant day I spent with this gentleman in Philadelphia. It was in his company that I first saw a living Humming-Bird, in a garden which has become classic ground to all true Americans, from the pleasing associations connected with its former possessor, the great and good Bartram, and from its having been one of the haunts of the cele- brated Wilson, than whom no one has written more pleasingly on the only species of this family which inhabits that part of North America, the Trochilus Colubris. It now becomes my pleasing duty to place on record the very valuable assistance in the production of this work with which I have been favoured by the Directors of Public Museums and private oeew setts ep ST we eT oS PREFACE. Vill ‘ndividuals. Of these the foremost on the list must be the names of M. Jules Bourcier, of Paris, and Thomas Reeves, Esq., of Rio de Janeiro. Both these gentlemen have made extensive collections of specimens, and had numerous drawings prepared for the express purpose of publishing works on the subject, all of which with the utmost Deas have been 7 placed at my disposal. To M. Bourcier, than whom no one possesses a more intimate aie with this group of birds, I am likewise indebted for much valuable information, which has been at all times rendered with the utmost willmgness and promptitude. My thanks are also due to the Trustees and the Keepers of the Zoological Department of the British Museum ; to the Director of the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris; to Dr. Peters, Director of the Royal Zoological Museum of Berlin; to George Ure Skinner, Esq., long resident in Guatemala ; to that intrepid traveller M. Warszewicz, now Director of the Botanic Garden at Cracow, who, during his travels in South America, brought to light more new species of Humming-Birds than any other explorer; to my friends Sir William Jardine, Bart.; W.C. L. Martin, Bsq.s9 DSC: Kyton, Esq.,; Dr. Sclater; Alfred Newton, Esq.; M. Edouard Verreaux, of Paris; G. N. Lawrence, Esq., of New York; and Dr. Baird, of Washington; to Edward Wilson, Esq., to Sigismund Rucker, Esq., F. Taylor, Esq., of Liverpool; William Tucker, Esq., of Trinidad ; and to 'T’. F. Erskine, Esq., for the readiness with which they have at all times favoured me with both information and the loan of specimens. To Miss Loddiges and her brother Mr. Conrad Loddiges, I am under considerable obligations for the facility of access they have always afforded me to the very valuable collection formed by their lamented father. Nor must the name of another valued friend—the late Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte—be omitted from the list of those who took great interest in the present work, he having at all times rendered me that scientific assistance which his vast and varied talents so well enabled him to afford. September 1, 1861. i Ue teh, ath In) hay {( INTRODUCTION, errr eee, Tue questions have often been asked, whence is the term Humming-Bird derived, and why is the bird so called. I may state in reply that, owing to the rapid movement of the wings of most of the members of this group, but especially of the smaller species, a vibratory or humming sound is produced while the bird is in the air, which may be heard at the distance of several yards, and that it is from this circumstance that the trivial name by which these birds are known in England has arisen. In France they are recognized by the terms Ocseau-mouche and Colibri; in Germany their common appellation is Koldri ; by the Dutch they are called Kohédriele; by the Spaniards Pica flores and Tomino ; by the Portuguese Tomeneco and Beyaflor ; in the neighbourhood of Xalapa they are known by the names of Chupa-rosa and Chupa-myrta, Rose-sucker and Myrtle-sucker ; by the Creoles of the Antilles and Guiana they are known by the names of Murmures, Bourdons, and Frou-frous. From the Mexicans, Peruvians, and other nations of South America they have received various appellations, such as Ourissza, Auitentzdl, tsitztototl, guanumbi, quinti or quintiut, gquinde, visicilin, pigda, and courbiri,—all terms of a metaphorical character, signifying “‘ rays of the sun,” * tresses of the day-star,” “ murmuring birds,” &c. Linneus applied to the whole of the species known to him the generic appellation of Zrochilus (a name given by the ancients to some fabulous little bird), whence is derived the family designation ‘Tro- cHiLip&. By Brisson, a contemporary of Linneus, the terms Polytmus and Mellisuga were proposed ; but with respect to some of the thirty-six species described by him, as well as by the older writers such as Seba, Marcegrave, Willughby, Ray, &c., it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to determine what they really were. We may, however, fairly commence our investigations with a greater chance of accuracy from the date when the great Swedish naturalist commenced his labours. By him twenty-two species were enumerated in the twelfth edition of his < Systema Nature.’ In Gmelin’s, or the thirteenth edition, the list is increased to sixty-seven. Of these I have determined about two-thirds; the remainder must for ever continue involved in mystery, and their names be erased from our scientific works—the descriptions being extremely meagre, and the synonyms occasionally referring to figures of very different species. In some instances, even, the species are attributed to countries where Humming-Birds are never found ; while in others, such as that of the Harlequin Humming-Bird, the characters are taken from a plate which must have been drawn from imagination and not from any real specimen. These are a few of the difficulties which a naturalist has to encounter when access to the types cannot be obtained. I think it necessary to make this statement D Se ee se eee rN wrR ODUCT ON. i or "s Therever they could be with as a reason for not quoting all the names given by the older authors. Whereve y rtainty determined, they have been quoted under the species to w modern writers have deemed it necessary to propose will be given in hich they are believed to refer. The ce numerous divisions which more the proper place. ; i “de ice is or irds, enumerated Latham, who added little or nothing to the previously recorded notices of this group of birds, é sixty-five species in his ‘ Index Ornithologicus, his ‘General History of Birds,’ which appeared in 1822. termined, as they are so indefinitely described that it is impossible to ascertain Of these about two-thirds are real species ; the remainder cannot be de whether they are species or not. In 1802 the ‘Oiseaux dorés,’ the great French work of Audebert and Vieillot, was given to the world. In it, besides figures of all the Jacamars and Promerops then known, were included seventy plates of ino-Birds. These plates represent species which were then rare, but are now extremely common, Humming-Birds. 1ese plates rey I and which, although not so numerous as those contained in the later work of Latham, had the advantage of being illustrated in a manner which was intended to convey some idea of their brilliancy. In most instances the species may be recognized; in others they are doubtful. Independently of the illustrations above-mentioned, these authors attempted to explain the laws which produce the splendid colouring of certain parts of these beautiful birds, and have given a plate illustrative of their views on the subject. In 1823 appeared the second part of the ornithological portion of the ‘Tableau Encyclopédique et Methodique des Trois Regnes de la Nature,’ by Bonnaterre and Vieillot, with an enumeration of ninety-four species of Humming-Birds, but no additional information as to their habits and manners. A few years later (between 1829 and 1833) appeared M. Lesson’s well-known works. the ‘Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux- mouches,’ ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Colibris,’ and ‘ Les Trochilidées,—publications which added considerably to our previous knowledge of the group, although they enumerate no more than 110 species. How little progress, then, had been made towards an intimate acquaintance with these lovely birds between the date of the twelfth edition of the ‘Systema Nature.’ and that of the last-named publications, a period of more than seventy years ! If the illustrious Humboldt paid no very marked attention to the Trochilide, he must have noticed many of the fine species lately brought to hght ; and it is therefore somewhat surprising that he should have been so remarkably silent respecting them when writing the ‘ Personal Narrative’ of his travels in the new world. It is to him and to bis associate Bonpland, however, that I consider we are indebted for our acquaintance with many of them ; for the perusal of the interesting account of their enterprising travels has ‘ g s has doubtless created a desire in other ollow i ir footsteps. Thus reedi : others to follow in their footsteps. Thus succeeding travellers, who have not been slow to perceive r WC ‘fully different are } i perceive how wonderfully different are the productions of the great Andean ranges from those of the other parts of South America, have ever been active in {arming itti 1 pe S rica, have ever been active in forming and transmitting to Kurope collections in nearly every department of science ; and no objects have been more assiduously sought for than the flying gems which constantly greeted them at every turn and must have been always before their eyes. Among the - z 5 a > > i a : . d Humboldt are D’Orbigny, Schomburgk, Tschudi, Castlenau, , and others, who, with more recent but less knowledge of the Trochilide. most eminent travellers who have succeede Burmeister -known explorers, have added so largely to our yy °O . . it . y a < Both Frenchmen and Belgians have proceeded to South America to procure published in 1790, and ninety-five in the third volume of ul ti We ne thes and let lean Uhr lal i Aly INTRODUOTION. xi supplies of these birds ; and dealers from those countries have established themselves in some of the cities of that part of the world for the like purpose. From Sta. Fé de Bogota alone many thousands of skins are annually sent to London and Paris, and sold as ornaments for the drawing-room and for scientific purposes. The Indians readily learn the art of skinning and preserving, and, as a certain amount of emolument attends the collecting of these objects, they often traverse great distances for the purpose of procuring them ; districts more than a hundred miles stretching away from each side of Bogota are strictly searched; and hence it is that from these places alone we receive not less than seventy species of this family of birds. In like manner the residents of many parts of Brazil employ their slaves in collecting, skinning, and preserving them for the European market ; and many thousands are annually sent from Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, and Pernambuco. They also supply the inmates of the convents with many of the more richly coloured species for the manufacture of artificial-feather flowers. How numerous, then, must these birds be in their native wilds, and how wonderfully must they keep in check the peculiar kind of insect life upon which they principally feed! doubtless, one of the objects for which they were designed. After these few cursory remarks, I proceed to give a general history of the group, the range and distribution of the species, and such additional information as I have acquired during the course of my labours. ‘“«'The first mention which is made of the Humming-Birds,” says M. Lesson, ‘in the narratives of the adventurers who proceeded to America, not with the design of studying its natural productions, but for the discovery of gold, dates from 1558, and is to be found in ‘Les Singularites de la France Antarctique ’ (Brazil) of André Thévet and Jean de Léry, companions of La Villegaignon, who attempted in 1555 to found a French colony there; but these superficial accounts would not have unfolded their natural history, had not the old naturalists who published their observations at the commencement of the seventeenth century taken care to make them better known; and we find some good accounts of them in the voluminous compilation of Nieremberg, in the collection of fragments from the great works of Hernandez or Fernandez, and in those of Piso. Ximenez, Acosta, Gomara, Marcgrave, Garcilasso, and Dutertre often mention these birds, but their remarks are so superficial that it would be of little use to quote them now. Towards the end of the same century Sir Hans Sloane, Catesby, Edwards, Brown, Father Labat, Plumier, Louis Feuillée, and Rochefort gave tolerably complete figures and descriptions of some of the species ; but it was not until the com- mencement of the eighteenth century that we became better acquainted with their natural history.” It will be seen that little was really known respecting the Humming-Birds even at the end of the career of the great Linneus. From Captain Cook both Pennant and Linneeus became aware that a species was found as far north as Nootka Sound, while every voyager to the eastern shores of North America brought tidings of its representative in the Zochilus Colubris. Jamaica, St. Domingo, and the smaller islands of the West Indies furnished a fair quota of species inhabiting those countries ; and correspondents were speedily established by Sloane, Brown, Edwards, and Catesby in Hispaniola, Demerara, and Brazil. Throughout all these regions the Humming-Birds, and indeed their other zoological productions, were then but partially, and only partially, known. The great primeval forests of Brazil, the vast palm-covered districts of the deltas of the Amazon and the Orinoco, the fertile flats and savannahs of Demerara, the luxuriant and beautiful region of Xalapa (the realm of perpetual spring) and other parts of Mexico, were literally untrodden ground by the ornithological collector. Up to this time the vast provinces of the New World had only been skirted; all within was virgin land, wherein even the explorer had scarcely placed a foot, and where the only human inbabitants were the wild children of nature—the Botacudos and other tribes of SP ee a cere Senne ET . ee INR OD UC T1:0'N >) Ss j ‘ 1 rKS i vi y t y c turalists ] : "he IG < > reg oine remal ks ro ide d he na south (American Indians. If the country glanced at in the forego 5 C | a L ayes h \ their amazement and delight had exploration made them acquainted w : | , ntire country, from the Rocky Mountains on the north to neat ith the hidden treasures of the great Andean ranges, which stretch along the e i this great back », as it we * America, at remark- Cape Horn on the south. Along the whole line of this great backbone, as it were, of A1 ae c \ 2 c y c ! 9 Cc are not ib \ sl { S, 0 sp Ss { 5S ) ) t 2 st b wut Ll only specifically but generically distinct from each other. Whole BEpups of them, oe a a singularity, have become known to us from the inquiries and explorations of later TaN oes 5 and, unde as the species may be towards the northern and southern portions of the prea! elger of ee ee vastly increase as we approach the equator. These equatorial regions teem with shee? and even Bone sahith are not found elsewhere. Between the snow-line of the summits of the towering volcanos and ae bases, many zones of temperature occur, each of which has its own especial animal and repeal ne The alpine region has its particular flora, accompanied by insects especially adapted to such situations ; and attendant upon these are peculiar forms of Humming-Birds, which never descend to the hot ralehe an scarcely even to the cooler and more temperate paramos. Many of the highest cones of extinct and of existing volcanos have their own faunas and floras; even in the interior walls of ancient craters, wherever vegetation has gained a footing, some species of Humming-Birds have there, and there only, been - yet discovered. It is the exploration of such situations that has led to the acquisition of so many additional species of this family of birds, which now reach to more than 400 in number. It might be thought by some persons that 400 species of birds so diminutive in size, and of one family, could scarcely be distinguished from each other; but any one who studies the subject will soon perceive that such is not the case. Even the females, which assimilate more closely to each other than the males, can be separated with perfect certainty ; nay, even a tail-feather will be sufficient for a person well-versed in the subject to say to what genus and species the bird from which it has been taken belongs. I mention this fact to show that what we designate a species has really distinctive and constant characters ; and in the whole of my experience, with many thousands of Humming-Birds passing through my hands, I have never observed an instance of any variation which would lead me to suppose that it was the result of a union of two species. I write this without bias, one way or the other, as to the question of the origin of species. [ am desirous of representing nature in her wonderful ways as she presents herself to my attention at the close of my work, after a period of twelve years of incessant labour, and not less than twenty years of interesting study. Iam, of course, here speaking of the special object of my own studies—the Humming- Birds. It is somewhat remarkable that any persons living in the present enlightened age should persist in asserting that Humming-Birds are found in India and Africa. Yet there are many who believe that such is the case. Even in a work but recently published, it is stated that Humming-Birds last-mentioned country : and Toucans are both found in the and I was once brought into a rather stormy altercation with a gentleman who asserted that the Humming-Bird was found in ] ingland, and that he had seen it fly in Devonshire. Now the object seen in Devonshire was the insect called the Humming-Bird Moth » Macroglossa stellarum ; and the birds supposed to belong to this family by residents and travellers in India and Africa are of a totally different group—the Nectariniide or Sun-Birds. ans : : : These latter birds have no relationship to the Trochilide ; they are not even representatives of them in the countries alluded to; and their only points of al ath tat INTRODUCTION. Xl resemblance consist in their diminutive size and the showy character of their plumage. Let it be understood, then, once for all, that the Humming-Birds are confined to America and its islands (that is, the West Indies in the Atlantic, and Chiloe and Juan Fernandez in the Pacific; none have as yet been found in the Galapagos). The Selasphorus rufus goes as far north as Sitka. Kotzebue informs us that it is found in summer as high as the sixty-first parallel on the Pacific coast; while, on the antarctic end of the continent, Captain King observed the Eustephanus galeritus flitting about among the Fuchsias of Tierra del Fuego in a snow-storm. Both these species, however, are migrants,—the northern bird retiring, as autumn approaches, to the more temperate climate of Mexico, while the other wends its way up to the warmer regions of Bolivia and Peru. The migration of these birds is, of course, performed at directly opposite periods. Both the Selasphorus rufus and the Trochelus Colubris spend the summer in high northern latitudes ; but the former always proceeds along the western, and the latter along the eastern parts of the country: the 7. Colubris even extends its range as far as the fifty-seventh parallel, where it was observed by Sir John Richardson. Although these and some other species pass over vast extents of country, I do not believe that they are capable of long-continued flights: that is, I question their power of crossing seas, or more than from one island to another; for although we know that the two birds above-mentioned pass over many degrees of latitude in their migrations, I believe that these Journeys are performed in a series of comparatively short stages, and always by land, and that the whole of their movements are more or less influenced by the progress of the sun north or south as the case may be. North America, then, may be said to have two Humming-Birds—a western and an eastern species. It is true that Audubon has mentioned two others in his great work (the Lampornis Mango and Calypte Anne), and states that the former was found at Key West in East Florida. Since then, however, I believe no other example has been discovered there; and one can scarcely understand the occurrence of the bird in that part of America, since it is a native of countries and islands lying so much further south. Leaving North America, and proceeding south, we begin to meet with several other species, which rarely extend their range to the north—viz. the Calypte Anne, C. Coste, Selasphorus platycercus, Trochilus Alexandri, and Calothorax Calhope. ‘These birds are also migratory, but their range is much less extensive than that of the two species previously mentioned. As we advance in this direction, Humming-Birds become extremely numerous, and, as regards both genera and species, continue to increase in the more southern country of Guatemala, where every variety of climate is to be found. The forest-clad mountains of Vera Paz appear to afford a winter retreat to many of the northern Species, as the regions con- tiguous to the Atlas-range in Africa do to the numerous little warblers of this country and the continent of Europe. Besides these migrants, Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica have species which are either stationary, or merely change their quarters in accordance with the flowering-season of the trees on which they seek their food, moving east and west or vice versdé according to circumstances. The countries further south, or those lying between Guatemala and Panama, appear to have a bird-fauna almost peculiar to them- selves; for it is seldom that the species inhabiting Costa Rica and Veragua extend their range to the northward, neither are they often found in the more southern country of New Granada. It is in the last-mentioned country, New Granada, that some of the finest of the Trochilide are found,— its towering mountains having species peculiar to themselves, while its extensive paramos are tenanted by forms not found elsewhere. On the principal ranges of the Andes, species exist which do not occur on the E SY a ST IN DROD UCTION. i 1 s These ranoes are the sources of numerous rivers, some lower elevations situated more to the eastward. ‘These ranges @ course, such as the Atrato, Cauca, and the great Magdalena, which debouch hich have a northerl ee If into the Lake of Maracaybo. Some of into the Caribbean Sea, and the river Zulia, which empties tse el discovered were collected near the town of Pamplona, which is situated on the the very finest species yet oe er. The country round Antioquia, situated on the lower, and Popayan on banks of the last-mentioned riv pa the upper part of the Cauca, appear also to be very rich in natural productions, and particularly so in . : i : n the luxuriantly-clad sides Humming-Birds. It is, however, on the paramos which surround Bogota, and o y of the valleys through which flows the main stream of the Magdalena, that the greatest number of species have been discovered. Bogota, the capital of this district, has for a long time been the Seale vere collections have been transmitted to Europe and the United States. The Indians have been initiated into the modes of preparing these lovely objects ; and as gain and excitement have thus gone hand in hand, this part of America may be said to have been thoroughly ransacked, and I expect that but few novelties remain to be discovered therein. Now as most of the productions that have yet reached us from Antioquia and Pamplona, two districts lying in about the same parallel of latitude on either side the great valley of the Magdalena, are quite distinct and different from those of Bogota, we may safely infer that, if they were as closely searched, many new species would be found. The country of the Caraccas and Cumana have Humming-Birds which partake less of the characters of the mountain species, and assimilate more closely to those of the Guianas and Northern Brazil. It will be seen, I think, from what I have here said, that the species of Humming-Birds increase in numbers as we proceed towards the equator; that most of them are confined to countries having peculiar physical characters; and that those of New Granada differ consi- derably from the Humming-Birds of Veragua, Costa Rica, and Guatemala. I have observed an equally marked difference in the species which inhabit the high lands giving rise to the rivers which run eastward ; I mean the many tributaries of the Napo, the Caqueta or Japura, and the Amazon. From the eastern side of Chimborazo flow many streams which ultimately find their way into the Amazon ; and however numerous the species found in the elevated districts of New Granada may be, I believe that when the dense and luxuriant forests bordering these well-watered lands are fully investigated, the species inhabiting them will be found far to exceed in number those of every other district. Even the snowy Chimborazo may be said to be inhabited by Humming-birds : certain it is that the Oreotrochilus Chimborazo lives upon it just below the line of perpetual congelation, some of my specimens of this bird killed by M. Bourcier bearing on the attached labels an elevation of 16,000 feet ; and Mr. Fraser, I believe, killed others in an equally elevated region. Here, then, is a bird which encounters the cold blasts of these lofty situations with impunity, dwelling in a world of almost perpetual sleet, hail, and rain, and the re feeding upon the insects which resort to the Chuquiraga mnsiynis and other flowering pl ants peculiar to the situation. These trul i irds have always ¢ rat chi i ; ies ] j 1 i ae r y a birds have always a great charm with me; and as the species just mentioned is especially yeautiful, it is of course a great favourite. Besides Chimborazo, there exist many other cones of but little less elevation, such as Pichincha, Cotopaxi, and Cayambe, which, Strange to say, are reported to be frequented by species peculiar to each; and if this be the c reveal forms at present unknown to us? Now what I h Humming ase, how many summits as yet untrodden may aa. ave said with regard to the gradual increase of -Bird life from the north to the equator may be equally said of their incre line from the south. The species there found, although precisely the same functions, a ase towards the same quite different from those of the north, perform re subject to the same migratory movements, &c. yt! ie het yu eral INTRODUCTION. XV To the southward of the equator, however, the species appear to be far less numerous. And it could not be expected but that such would be the case when we consider the particular character of the country,-—— the dry and sterile plains of Peru, the extensive pampas of La Plata, &c., being all unsuited to insect and therefore to Humming-Bird life, and a diminution in their numbers the natural result. But this paucity in numbers would seem to be compensated for, by the beauty of the individuals. Peru and Bolivia are the cradles of the splendid comet-tailed species of the genus Cometes, the Lesbie, Diphlogene, the delicate birds known as Thaumasture, &c. These countries produce also the largest Humming-Bird yet known, the Patagona gigas, which with an Oreotrochilus and a Eustephanus are all the species known to me from the lengthened country of Chili. The little island called Chiloe, characterized by great humidity, is inhabited by the common Chilian species last mentioned ; while the celebrated island of Juan Fernandez, over 300 miles from the mainland, is tenanted by three kinds, of which two are so distinct from all others known, that they cannot for a moment be confounded with any of them. The three species, in fact, which people this solitary spot in the wide Pacific are very different from each other; and I may mention that nothing like a cross or intermixture has ever been observed, an event that might have been expected to occur here, if ever it does among animals living in a state of nature. Strange to say, these beautiful creatures are almost the only examples of bird life existing on this remarkable island. The knowledge of the existence of these lovely flying gems gives an additional zest to the interest attached to the scene of the principal events in Defoe’s charming tale. In the foregoing pages I have glanced at the species of Humming-Birds inhabiting the great range of mountains running north and south through many degrees of latitude on both sides of the equator. Whole genera of the Trochilide are found there, and there alone. In the high lands of Mexico, among others we find the peculiar genera Delattria, Sedasphorus, and Calypte. On crossing the ribbon-like strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama, we enter upon a region of high lands bearing the genera Oxypogon, Lafresnaya, Bourcieria, Doryfera, Helianthea, Heliangelus, Eriocnemis, Lesbia, Cynanthus, Agleactis, Metallura, Ram- phomicron, and many others, none of which are found in the less-elevated countries of Brazil, the Guianas, or the West Indian Islands. It is true that these countries, particularly Brazil, possess forms of Humming- Birds which are now and then feebly represented in the Andes ; but these cases are quite exceptional. When we leave the Andes we bid adieu to the finest, the largest, and the most gorgeously attired species. Other beautiful kinds do here and there exist in Brazil, such as the Chrysolampis moschitus, the Topaza Pella, and the Lophornithes ; but the greater number are comparatively small and inconspicuous. Of the members of the genus Phaéthornis, a group of Humming-Birds, popularly known by the name of Hermits, from their frequenting the darkest and most retired parts of the forest, three-fourths are natives of Brazil. The great forest-covered delta of the Amazon, where palms are numerous, seems to be particularly unfavourable to the Trochilidz, since from Para to Ega there are scarcely ten species of the family to be met with. In this cursory glance at the distribution of this family of Birds, those frequenting the West Indian Islands have yet to be noticed ; and here not only do we find some peculiar to those islands as a whole, but in each of them, with but very few exceptions, there are species and even genera which are not found in the Andes, the other islands, or the more contiguous flat parts of the South American Continent. Cuba has at least three, one of which is a most lovely little bird. ‘The principal island of the Bahaman group is in like manner favoured with a charming Calothorax, which Dr. Bryant tells us flies in great numbers round the town of Nassau; yet the bird does not, I believe, inhabit any of the other islands or the mainland. EERE aie SS ee LIVER ODUCT ION. wc sce c c | x y y O her, ha l s . i T ino hk 5 shave = o is a perfect mystery to the naturalist how they first obtained a footing there. =e dn eres S¢é ) ’ ee : ase ase ¢ between two species appears to occur in this island ; if pet were MN case, en haste mel of the fact, since we have not only been for many years in a habit of oe i ee . Jamaica, but this island has had the advantage of a naturalist, Mr. Gosse, who has ae ee from Jamaica, Z , , species, differing from those of Jamaica. This observed the birds resident there. St. Domingo has two species, re ie a law with respect to the Humming-Bird inhabitants of the West Indian ene oe ae ae carried out in the necklace-like string of the Windwards ; but when we arrive a ie 1S ane 0 ad, species become much more numerous and partake of the character of those which inhabit the mainland— the opposite shores of Venezuela. It may be asked, what is our present knowledge of the existing species of Humming-Birds, and if there may not be others to be discovered in the great primeval forests of the western and other parts of the ou covinent of the new world. My reply is that, in all probability, many more than are known to us do exist, and that a very lengthened period must elapse before we shall acquire anything like a perfect knowledge of the group. Whatever I may have done towards the elucidation of Be SH aeeh I ye? ony be regarded as a pioneer for those who, in future ages, will render our acquaintance with this family of birds so much more complete than it is at the present time. The regions of South America whose productions are least known are Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, the sea-bord between Carthagena and Guayaquil, the forests of La Paz and other parts of Bolivia, the whole of the eastern slopes of the Andes bordering Peru and Ecuador, and the western portion of Brazil. All these countries will doubtless furnish new kinds of Humming-Birds when the explorer shall extend his researches into their unknown recesses. We may feel fully convinced that such will be the case from the circumstance of single individuals in a youthful or imperfect state, which we cannot identify as belonging to any known species, occasionally occurring in the great collections sent from time to time to Kurope. My own collection contains several examples of this kind, which will doubtless at some future day prove to belong to unde- scribed species. For more than twenty long years have I been sending the most earne st entreaties, accom- panied with drawings, to my correspondents in Peru and Ecuador for additional examples of that truly These entreaties have been backed by the offers of large sums of money to any person who would procure them ; wonderful bird the Loddigesia mirabilis. but up to the present moment no second example has been obtained. Probably the single individual killed by Mr. Matthews in the ne ighbourhood of Chachapoyas was one which had accidentally strayed beyond the area in w hich the species usually dwells, and which has not That it may be a nocturnal bird has sometimes suggested itse this may be the reason why it has not since been seen. yet been discovered. If to my mind, and that Those of my readers who are not acquainted with do well to refer to the plate, in which sentation of it is given by the masterly hand of Mr. Richter. this most wonderful member of the Trochilide will a correct repre- he preceding remarks must, I think, have given the reader a general idea of the countries inhabited it now becomes necessary to speak of their structure, and the place they appear to occupy in the Class Avss. about from one group to another: by the members of the great family of Humming-Birds ; peculiar By systematists they have been bandied by some they have been associated with the Sun-Birds (We ctarime) ; by others with the Cypseline, Picinie. Sittine, Certhine, &e. fi Nt ae Mn The ol hye th Hh (i EN ERO DUC PLO N: XVil In Brisson’s arrangement, published in 1760, they constitute with the Creepers his twelfth Order. By Linneeus in 1766, and Latham in 1790, they were placed in the class Pice, together with the Creepers, Hoopoes, &c. In like manner they are associated with the same birds in the fourteenth order of Lacepeéde’s arrangement, published in 1799. In Dumeril’s classification, proposed in 1806, they form part of his second Order, Passerine Birds, and are associated with Kingfishers, Todies, Nuthatches, Bee-Katers, Creepers, &c. They form a distinct family of the second Order, Ambulatores, in the arrangement of Illiger published in 1811. They also constitute a distinct family by themselves of the Tenuirostral Division of the order Passeres in Cuvier’s system of 1817. By Vieillot, whose arrangement was published about the same time, they form part of the twenty-second family Sy/vicole, and are associated with Creepers, Sun-Birds, and Honey-Katers. By Temminck, in the second edition of his ‘ Manuel d’ Ornithologie,’ published in 1820, they were placed, together with the Creepers, Sun-Birds, Hoopoes, &c., in his sixth Order, Anisodactyli. In De Blainville’s arrangement, which appeared in the years 1815, 1821, and 1822, they form a separate family of the Saltatores, with the Kingfishers preceding, and the Crows following them. V igors, in 1825, made them a distinct family of his second Order, Jnsessores,—the preceding family being composed of the Sun-Birds, and the succeeding one of the Promeropide. Latreille in the same year placed them in the fourth family, Zenuirostres, of the second Order or Passerine Birds, along with the Hoopoes, Promerops, Sun-Birds, &c. Lesson, in 1828, made them the eighth family of the Jzsessores, and associated them with the Sun-Birds, Creepers, &c. By Boié they were divided, in the ‘Isis’ for 1831, into eleven genera, viz. Bellatriv, Callivhlox, Glaucis, Anthracorax, Hehactin, Hylocharis, Basilinna, Chrysolampis, Heliothria, Smaragdites, and Eulampis. Swainson, in 1837, constituted them the third family of the Tenuirostres, with the Sun-Birds preceding, and the Promeropide and Hoopoes succeeding them. In Mr. G. R. Gray’s ‘ List of the Genera of Birds,’ published in 1841, and in his great work ‘ On the Genera of Birds,’ completed in 1850, they form the third family of the Tenwrostres. In the ‘ Conspectus Systematis Ornithologiz’ of Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte, given to the world a few years before his lamented death, they form Stirps 17 suspensi, of his second Order Passrres ; and Tribe Volucres, with the Hoopoes and Promerops placed before, and the Swifts and Swallows after them. In his ‘Conspectus-Generum Avium’ they form the eleventh family of the Znsessores, with the Swifts preceding them, and are succeeded by the Phytotomide or Plant-Cutters. In his ‘* Conspectus Trochilorum,” published in the ‘Revue et Magasin de Zoologie’ for May, 1854, they form the seventy- second family of his Passerine Birds. In Dr. Reichenbach’s arrangement, in Cabanis’s ‘ Journal fiir Ornitho- logie’ for 1853, they are fancifully divided into groups of Fairies, Elfs, Gnomes, Sylphs, &c.; and in his ‘Trochilinarum Enumeratio’ he places these birds between the true Creepers on the one hand, and the Hoopoes on the other. By Cabanis, the latest writer on the subject, they are placed with the Swifts and Goatsuckers, in his 38rd Order, S¢risores, and Tribe Macrochires. Ornithologists of the present day consider them to be more intimately allied to the true Swifts than to any other group of birds. This view of the subject is supported by the fact of the Humming-Birds, like the Swifts, having most ample wings, and a bony structure very closely assimilating ; and this alliance is still further exemplified in some parts of their nidification, the number and colour of their eggs, &c. It is not to be expected that, with this subject before me for so many years, [I should have been inattentive to the consideration of the place these birds should occupy in our attempts at a natural arrangement; and while I admit that they are somewhat allied to the Swifts, they are so essentially distinct from these and all other birds, that they might be separated into a distinct Order with quite as much (if not greater) propriety as the Pigeons when considered in relation to the Gallinaceous Birds. They have certain characters, dispo- F PORE lll iNT ROD UCTIGN. XVIll1 which are not to be noticed in any other group of birds: their cylindrical bills, sitions, and modes of life o ie , ponding pectoral muscles, rigid primaries double-tubed tongues, enormously developed sternums, and corres cee ; Re . Sa A * ase n the Switts anc (the first of which is the longest), and their diminutive feet separate them from all others s i sexes are alike 1 ; ‘ance; in the Humming-Birds they are in Fissirostral birds generally, the sexes are alike in outward appearé : @ i i i i ring 3 1 the young assume the livery of the nearly every instance totally different in their colouring ; in the former young y adult before they leave the nest, while the contrary is the case with the eee Hon different, too, is the atin of the luminous feathers with which they are clothed; and vastly diversified in form as the tail is in the various genera, the number of feathers in the whole of them is invariably oe In their disposition they are unlike birds, and approach more nearly to rece Misty of et Eee fearlessly approach almost within reach of the hand ; and if they enter an open A EON, which curiosity may ass them to do, they may be chased and battled with round the apartment until they fall paste) and if then taken up by the hand, they almost immediately feed upon any sweet, or pump up any fluid, that may be offered them, without betraying either fear or resentment at their previous treatment. A Trochilus Colubris, captured for me by some friends at Washington (Baron Osten Sacken, Mr. Odo Russell, and his brother Mr. Arthur Russell), immediately afterwards partook of some saccharine food that was presented to it, and in two hours it pumped the fluid out of a little bottle whenever I offered it ; and in this way it lived with me a constant companion for several days, travelling in a little thin gauzy bag distended by a slender piece of whalebone and suspended to a button of my coat. It was only necessary for me to take the little bottle from my pocket to induce it to thrust its spiny bill through the gauze, protrude its lengthened tongue down the neck of the bottle, and pump up the fluid until it was satiated ; it would then retire to the bottom of its little home, preen its wing- and tail-feathers, and seem quite content. The specimens I brought alive to this country were as docile and fearless as a great moth or any other insect would be under similar treatment. The little cage in which they lived was twelve inches long, by seven inches wide, and eight inches high. In this was placed a diminutive twig of a tree, and, suspended to the side, a glass phial which I daily supplied with saccharine matter in the form of sugar or honey and water, with the addition of the yelk of an unboiled egg. Upon this food they appeared to thrive and be happy during the voyage along the sea-bord of America and across the Atlantic, until they arrived within the influence of the climate of Europe. Off the western part of Ireland symptoms of drooping unmistakeaby exhibited themselves ; but, although they never fully rallied, I, as before stated, succeeded in bringing one of them alive to London,where it died on the second day after its arrival at my house. The vessel in which I made the passage took a northerly course, which carried us over the banks of Newfoundland ; and although the cold was rather severe during part of the time, the only effect it appeared to have upon my little pets was to induce a kind of torpidity, from which, however, they were readily aroused by placing them in the sunshine, or In some warm situation, such as before a fire, in the bosom, &c. I do assure my readers that I have seen these birds cold and stiff, and to all appearance dead, and that from this state they were readily restored by a little attention and removal into light and heat, when they would « perk up,” flutter their little wings, and feast away upon their usual food as if in the best state of health. How wonderful must | 1 i I I st be the mechanis th sets sustains for i echanism which sets in motion and sustains for so lengthened a time the vibratory movements of a Humming-Bird’s wings! To me their action appeared unlike anything of the , and strongly reminded me of a piece of machine spring. TI was particularly struck by this peculi kind I had ever seen for se efor : = ry acted upon by a powerful arity in the flight, as it was exactly the opposite of what I INTRODUCTION. X1x expected. The bird does not usually glide through the air with the quick darting flight of a Swallow or Swift, but continues tremulously moving its wings while passing from flower to flower, or when taking a more distant flight over a high tree or across a river. When poised before any object, this action is so rapidly performed that it is impossible for the eye to follow each stroke, and a hazy semicircle of indistinctness on each side of the bird is all that is perceptible. «The wind produced by the wings of these little birds,” says Mr. Salvin, ‘< appears to be very considerable ; for I noticed that while an example of Cyanomyia cyanocephala which had flown into the room was hovering over a large piece of wool, the entire surface of the wool was violently agitated.” Although many short intermissions of rest are taken during the day, the bird may be said to live in air—an element in which it performs every kind of evolution with the utmost ease, frequently rising perpendicularly, flying backward, pirouetting or dancing off, as it were, from place to place, or from one part of a tree to another, sometimes descending, at others ascending ; it often mounts up above the towering trees, and then shoots off like a little meteor at a right angle ; at other times it quietly buzzes away among the little flowers near the ground; at one moment it is poised over a diminutive weed, at the next it is seen at a distance of forty yards, whither it has vanished with the quickness of thought. During the heat of the day the shady retreats beneath the trees are very frequently visited ; in the morning and evening the sunny banks, the verandahs, and other exposed situations are more frequently resorted to. The foregoing remarks are from personal observation of the habits of Zrochilus Colubris ; and I have been informed by Mr. Salvin and others that a similar action characterizes most of the species. I believe, however, that those members of the Trochilida which are furnished with more ample wings, such as the species of the genera doleactis, Ramphomicron, Pterophanes, and Patagona, havea very different mode of flight, move their wings with diminished rapidity, and pass much more slowly through the air. Mr. Darwin, when speaking of the Patagona gigas, says, “Like others of the family, it moves from place to place with a rapidity which may be compared to that of Syrphus among Diptera, and Sphine among Moths; but whilst hovering over a flower it flaps its wings with a very slow and powerful movement, totally different from that vibratory one, common to most of the species, which produces the humming noise. I never saw any other bird, where the force of its wings appeared (as in a butterfly) so powerful in proportion to the weight of its body. When hovering by a flower, its tail is constantly expanded and shut like a fan, the body being kept in a nearly vertical position. This action appears to steady and support the bird, between the slow movements of its wings.” In the intervals of flight, I believe that they not only rest in the ordinary way, but even pass some time in sleep; at least I found that this was the case with my living birds, and that from this state of partial torpor they were not easily aroused. In the morning and evening they were far more animated than at any other period of the day; and they would even perform their buzzing evolutions round their cage, and sip from their little bottle in the night-time, if a light was brought into the room. They usually sat in a moping position, with the bill in a line with the body, or slightly elevated, after the manner of the Kingfishers. [| never saw them hang by their feet and sleep with their heads downwards—a position which I have been informed is sometimes assumed by Humming-Birds. When we have compared the wings of Calliphlow amethystinus with those of Patagona gigas, we have noticed the two extremes of development in these organs ; but many intermediate forms exist, and each modification has doubtless an influence on the mode and power of flight. I cannot leave the subject of the nannies [Neen OD UC LION: xx imaries in the Campylopteri. “oc without alluding to the extraordinary development of the shafts of the prima py ee wings without ¢ e ould lead one to suppose that they have an influence on the aérial : : es ae The great dilatation of these feathers e 3 ack c 5 c ’ c y C le he fe Me S ) } ) y s o ? Beale Bat : er shafts of these singularly and apparently awkwardly shaped wings eh — x Cc ye 0 c ° a = 28 s . n es are 0 : same while the shoulders or wing-coverts, in most instances, ¢ 2 What, then, can be the particular use of the broad dilated Generally the primaries and secondaries are of a sombre and uniform hue, i y i I O the rule 5 Cc | S he other part of the body. There are, however, a few, bu a Vek few exceptio is ft ‘ olour as t Ss j j t oe eae hth «tg 1 I may mention the Eudampis jugularis and Pterophanes Temmincki as instances in point: both these bird anc é : 3 3 | ry striki jec i eht; and, as I believe colour is seldom have luminous wings, and must form very striking objects during flight ; and, , € . ’ i its bei chibi ss something peculiar in the economy of civen without the intention of its being exhibited, there is doubtle oy y 5 | birds. The primaries and secondaries are in some instances stiff and rigid, while in others they are these birds. ft and yielding; some are broad, others narrow ; they are always the same in number; and the first quill soft and 3 es is constantly the longest, except in Aithurus polytmus, where the second exceeds the first in length. When we turn to the bill, we find this organ to be greatly diversified in form, and that each of these variations appears to be specially adapted for some given purpose ; eee, : have Dever seen the law of adaptation more beautifully exemplified than in the multiplied forms exhibited in the bills of the members of the various genera of this family of birds. A certain generic character runs through the whole of them: the gape in all cases is very small; and whether the bill be curved er straight, the upper mandible overlaps the under one on both sides, and thus forms an admirable protection for the delicate double-tubed tongue. If we examine the extraordinarily lengthened bill of Docemastes ensiferus and the short feeble bill of she Leshia Gouldi, we see the extremes as regards the length of this organ; and we are not less astonished at the functions they are both intended to perform. The bill of the D. ensifer, which is more than five inches long, and which contains a tongue capable of being protruded nearly as far beyond its tip, is most admirably fitted for the exploration of the lengthened and pendent corollas of the Brugmansie ; while the short-billed ZLesdre cling to the upper portion of those flowers, pierce their bases, and with the delicate feelers at the extremities of the tongue, readily secure the insects which there abound. I have been assured by M. Bourcier that this is really a practice of the bird, and that it frequently resorts to this device for the purpose of gaining its insect food ; but I suspect that, besides exploring the stalwart Brugmansic, a more delicate flora is the object for which its bill is especially formed. In no part of America are there so many tubular-flowered plants as among the Andes ; and the greater number of the Humming-Birds found there have straight and lengthened bills, such as the members of the genera Helianthea, Bourcieria, Celigena, ete. The arched bills of the Phaéthornithes are admirably adapted for securing the insects which resort to the leaves of trees, and upon which these birds are said to exist. But how much are we astonished when we examine the bill of Zutoveres ! and find this organ curved downwards pevorditie Uovemtanteius) Male.— Bill straight ¢ er | aight and longer than the head ; wings very long and pointed ; tail lengthened and deeply forked ; ENT ROD CT EON: Ixxxix tarsi short and partially clothed; feet small; hind toe short ; nails moderately long and straight ; crown decorated with several luminous colours. Female.—Unknown. 272. DipHitocana Iris, Gould : , ‘ : : : ; : es : : Vols VR), 247, Habitat. Andes of Bolivia, between Sorata and Illinani. The locality given me by M. Warszewicz is the province of Huancabamba au Cordilera Solaio, 9000 feet. 273. DipHtocana Aurora, Gould : : : : : : : d Vol TV: Br 248 Hypochrysia Aurora, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p:9. Coeligena Warszewiczi, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 23; Coeligena Warszewiczit, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 690. fig. 4526. Habitat. Peru; locality the same as D. Iris. Dr. Reichenbach’s specific name of Warszewiczi must, I believe, give place to that of Diphlogena Aurora, unless his name was proposed prior to the 12th of April, 1853, when I read my paper on this and other new species before the meeting of the Zoological Society of London, as reported in the ‘ Atheneum’ of the 16th of the same month. The form which appears to me to range next in point of affinity is that of Clytolema. The two members of this genus, unlike their predecessors, which are from the Andes, are natives of the low countries,—one, the C. rubinea, being found in Brazil, and, so far as we yet know, confined to the most eastern parts of that country ; the other, the beautiful C. aurescens, is an inhabitant of the forests of the upper part of the Rivers Madeira and Negro. Genus Crytotema, Gould. (KAuvros, celebris, et Aapos, guttur. ) Generic characters. Male.— Bill straight and rather longer than the head ; wings moderately long and pointed ; ¢ail rather short, and very slightly forked ; tarsi partially clothed ; feet strong ; hind toe and nail shorter than the fore toes and nails ; crown and gorget luminous. Female.—Destitute of any fine colour. 274, CLYTOLHMA RUBINEA . ; : : : : s : ; : ; ‘ ; Vol. IV. Pl. 249. Trochilus ruficaudatus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. tom. vii, p. 370, tom. xxiii. p. 429. Cynanthus rubineus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 146. Helodoxa rubinea, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 9, pl. 744. figs. 4706-9. Calothorax rubinea, Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 340. Habitat. The eastern portions of Brazil; common at Rio de Janeiro. 275. CLYTOLAMA? AURESCENS, Gould . : : : : : : : ; : ‘ Vol. IV. Pl. 250. Habitat. The forests bordering the Rivers Madeira, Upper Amazon, and Negro. By some Trochilidists it may be thought that this species should form the type of a distinct genus ; but after a careful comparison I believe that I have placed it in its right situation; at the same time I admit that there is some little doubt on the subject. I next proceed to a group of birds of considerable size, with lengthened straight bills, and the plumage and markings of which render them very conspicuous—the prevailing colours being black and white, relieved by blue and other tints on the crown; they have small and very delicate feet, the colours of which are either rosy or white. I consider them to constitute a very distinct section of the Trochilide, and I have much pleasure in adopting for them the generic appellation of Bourcieria proposed by the late Prince Charles Bonaparte. All the known species are from the Andes, over which they are spread from the southern part of Peru to the northern part of New Granada. Genus Bourciera, Bonap. As a typical example of the form, I commence with— 276. BouRCIERIA TORQUATA 4 ‘ ; Vol, IV RI. 251. Homophania torquata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii, p. 79. Habitat. Columbia. Common in the temperate regions round Bogota. Tr PO INTRODUCTION. Gould Vol. IV. Pl. 2592, 977. BouRCIERTA FULGIDIGULA, in. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 79, note. Homophania fulgidigula, Cab. et He Habitat. Ecuador. 278. BouURCIERIA INSECTIVORA. seated oat Trochilus (Lampornis) insectavorus, Tschudi, Consp. p. 38, No. 211; Habitat. Peru. I observe that M. Cabanis has pl having had Tschudi’s type specimen sent to referred to seems to me to be the youn ist; but of course do not figure it. Id. Faun. Per. p. 248, t. 28. f. 1. aced the T. insectivorus of Tschudi among the synonyms of B. torquata; but, euchatel, I am not satisfied as to its identity with that o of some bird of which we have not yet seen the me from N species. ‘The specimen adult. I therefore retain the name in my to the B. Conradi. It appears to me to offer an alliance a ‘ 279. BourciERIA CoNRADI : : Vol. IV. Pl. 253. Helianthea Conradi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 80, note. Habitat. Pamplona in New Granada. 280. Bourcrertra Inca, Gould Vol. IV. Pl. 254. Homophania Inca, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 79. Habitat. Province of Coroico in Bolivia; 6000 or 8000 feet (Warszewicz). Genus Lampropyeta, Reichenb. The members of this genus (all figured in the work under the generic appellation of Cwligena) bear a general resemblance to the last as regards their size and the lengthened and straight form of their bills; but their style of colouring is very different, and, however much some naturalists may dissent from the idea of colour being regarded as a generic character, I do think that it is of no little importance in this group of birds; for I find that every distinct section or genus is distinguished by some peculiar style of plumage and colouring common to all the species of which it is composed, and not found in the others. Thus the members of the present genus all bear a plumage of a rather dull or sombre character with the exception of the lower part of the back, where it is luminous; but, as is the case with the Agleactines, this luminous colouring is only to be seen when viewed from behind. All the known species are found among the Andes, both on the northern and southern sides of the equator. 281. LAMPROPYGIA CO@LIGENA. Ceeligena typica . f : : : : : : : : 5 : Vol. IV. Pl. 255. Lampornis celigena, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 156. Coeligena typica, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 686. fig. 4515. Lampropygia caeligena, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 78. Habitat. New Granada. In my account of this species, which is common in the neighbourhood of Bogota, I stated that the Bolivian birds which appeared to be identical with it are much larger in size and darker in colour, and that I thought it probable that they would prove to be distinct and undescribed; I still entertain the same opinion. I therefore take this rtunit: ign i P opportunity of assigning to this southern representative a specific appellation, but do not consider it necessary to give a figure of it. 282. Lampropyaia Bouiviana, Gould. Habitat. Bolivia. This bird bears a & eal ae ; : Q general resemblance to the L. ceehgena, but differs in being of a much darker colour on the head and neck, and hi ing i i ‘k, 1 having the tail dark 7e-brown i in li io n olive-brown washed with bronze in lieu of light bronzy-brown ; the lower part of the back also is i , , sO 1s more richly colour j j ki 1 i eee | J ed, the crescentic markings of green showing still greater lustre when viewed from behind. a Total length 53 inches; bill 14: wi i j g z Inches; bill 1}; wing 31; tail 21; tarsi i. 283. LAMPROPYGIA PURPUREA. Ceeligena purpurea, Gould : ; : : Vol. IV. Pl. 256. Calgena ———,, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 73, Celigena, sp. 2 ere INTE OD TC TRON: MGT Coeligena purpurea, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 753. figs 4727-28. Lampropygia purpurea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. Da iL mone. Habitat. Popayan. 284. LampropyGia PRUNELLEI. Ceeligena Prunelli : ' ; : i : ; ‘ } ‘ ; ; Vol. IV. Pl. 257. Bourcierta Prunelh, Reichenb.'Troch Enum. p. 7, pl. 750. figs. 4721-22. Homophania Prunelli, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 79. Habitat. Andes of New Granada. Common in collections from Bogota. 285. Lampropyai1a WILsoNnt. Ceeligena Wilsoni f : : : ; : : ‘ ; : : Vol. IV. Pl. 258. Habitat. Ecuador. A group rather than a genus next claims our attention; for two or three very well-marked divisions occur among the birds I have figured under the generic name of Heliomaster. Unlike the last, which are confined within certain limits, these birds are widely spread, some of them over Mexico and Central America, and others over Venezuela, and even further south than the latitude of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The members of this section of the Trochilide are of rather large size, have long straight bills, lengthened wings, and a structure admirably adapted for aérial progression. The males are mostly clothed with fine colours on the crown and throat. The species of the Genus HeExiomasrer, Bonap., as now restricted, are at least five or six in number, and four of them are inhabitants of Central America or countries north of the Isthmus of Panama. Their short, nearly square tails, the outer feathers of which, together with their under tail-coverts, are spotted with white, render them very conspicuous. 286. HELIOMASTER LONGIROSTRIS “ : ; : ; : : : : Vol. IV. Pl. 259. Selasphorus longirostris, Reichenb., Troch. Enum. p. 11. Habitat. Trinidad. 287. HELioMASTER Stuarts, Lawr. Heliomaster longirostris, Sclat. in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part xxv. p. 16. Stuarte, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. in New York, April 9, 1860. Habitat. New Granada; the neighbourhood of Bogota. Mr. G. N. Lawrence, of New York, considers the bird from Bogota to be distinct from the Heliomaster longirostris of Trinidad, and has assigned to it the distinctive appellation of Stwarte, in honour of a most estimable lady, the wife of R. L. Stuart, Esq., of New York. For my own part, I have always regarded the Bogota and Trinidad birds as one and the same; but Mr. Lawrence has ever maintained that they are distinct ; and on the day when these remarks were written I received from him a copy of the first part of his paper entitled “‘ Catalogue of a Collection of Birds made in New Granada, by James McLennan, Esq., of New York,” in which, referring to his Heliomaster Stuarte, he says :—<‘ Since describing this species, I have had an opportunity of examining seven other specimens from Bogota. I find the bills of these to be quite as long as those of H. longirostris ; but they are much stouter, and the base of the bill is very broad and bare of feathers, whereas in Jlongirostris the bill is comparatively narrow at the base, and the feathers extend quite forward on the bill. These differences were constant in an equal number of each species.” Whether the birds are really distinct or mere local varieties, time and the acquisition of a larger number of specimens must determine. I have in my own collection two specimens of another bird of this form, which bear a very general resemblance both in size and markings ; but the crown, instead of being bluish green, is positive blue. So decided is this colour, that I have no hesitation in saying that, if so slight a difference is allowed to separate the Bogotan and Trinidadian birds, these also must be regarded as belonging to a distinct species, and the term Sclatert, which has been proposed by Dr. Cabanis, be used for them. I have two very fine males of this bird in fully adult plumage, killed by M. Warszewicz in Costa Rica; but in what particular locality, is unknown to me. Besides the Costa-Rican bird, I have another, still more different, from Southern Mexico, a most charming ti Wa | eros INL OD.U-C HON. xcil specimen, killed by M. Montes de Oca. This beautiful bird also bears a general resemblance in colour and x Aly 3 . . . ding, but is distinguished from all of them by its delicate light-green metallic markings to those immediately prece For this new species I propose the name of pallidiceps. on be found to be composed of four distinct birds, the species will stand thus :—H. longirostris H. Stuarte of Bogota; H. Sclateri of Costa Rica; and crown. If this little secti of Trinidad and the adjacent portions of the continent ; H. pallidiceps of Guatemala and Mexico. 288. HELIOMASTER SCLATERI, Cabanis. Heliomaster Sclateri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil i. p. 54, March 30, 1860. Habitat. Costa Rica. 289. HELIOMASTER PALLIDICEPS, Gould. Habitat. Mexico and Guatemala. pale green, much paler than in H. longirostris ; chin black ; gorget purplish red, Crown of the head shining upper surface bronzy green; two centre tail-feathers ts by a distinct mark of white ; separated from the ear-cover een tipped with black; the three outer feathers green at the base, then black, wholly green, the next on each side gr at the tip, the white spot becoming less from the outer one, chest and centre of the abdomen grey; flanks bronzy green ; under tail-coverts and a spot of pure white until on the third it is a mere speck ; wings purplish brown ; pale green, tipped with white. Total length 33 inches ; bill 1}; wing 22; tail 1}; tarsi 7. “The white sides and the white spot on the back show very conspicuously as this bird rests on its perch.” — Salvin in Ibis, vol. i. p. 264. Vol. IV. Pl. 260. 290. HeLiomMASTER CoNSTANTI Habitat. Guatemala, and Costa Rica. 291. HentomastTER LEocADI”. Vol. IV. Pl. 261. Heliomaster pinicola, Gould Trochilus Leocadie, Bourc. Aun. des Sci. Nat. de Lyon, tom. iv. 1852. Habitat. Mexico. Genus Lerrpotarynx, Reichend. This form, of which the single species known has received the above generic appellation, differs in many particulars from the preceding; the bill is less elongated and not so straight, while the tail is decidedly forked ; =) 2. independently of which, the gular mark is very differ > entire thr ] i ile 1 | I J : gular mark is very different, the entire throat being luminous, while in all the species of Heliomaster the chin is black. 292. LEPIDOLARYNX MESOLEUCUS. Heliomaster mesoleucus ; Sc : : : : : : : : : Vol. IV. Pl. 262. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13. Selasphorus (Lepidolarynx) mesoleucus, Reichenb. Troch, Enum. p. Li. Ornithomyia mesoleuca, Bonap. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 251. Heliomaster squamosus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. De 53. Calothorax mesoleucus, Burm. Th. Bras. il. p. 339, 1. Trochilus mystacinus, Vieill. MSS. Habitat. Brazil. >» v J , Genus Cauuireripia, Reichend. The Calliperidia Ang Genet alliperidia Angele offers a still further departure from the true Heliomasters: for it has even a shorter bill d than the last, while its tail is muc ne last, while its tail is much more deeply forked. It is by far the finest species yet dis 1. Its enti species yet discovered. Its entire and the bird itself must b | st be seen 2 1 1 f The female, on the other hand, has the unde Foie fa eee body is od in eglitteri y is clothed in glittering colours, r surface of the body smoky or ifferine i i a y smoky grey, differing in this respect from all the 293. CaLLIreRIDIA ANGELA. Heliomaster Angele : : , Vol. IV. Pl. 263. IN TROD U CT FON. XClil Calliperidia Angelae, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. De iz Calliphlox Angelae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10. Ornithomyia angela, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 251. Habitat. Buenos Ayres and Tucuman. A single specimen of a Humming-Bird, somewhat allied to the last genus, was killed by M. Warszewicz on the sides of the Volcano of Chiriqui. It possesses so many remarkable characters that I was obliged, without a moment’s hesitation, to assign to it a new generic appellation, that of Oreopyra. Unfortunately the specimen was so much injured by shot that I had much difficulty in giving a correct delineation of it. Genus Oreopryra, Gould. (COpos, mons, et rip, ignis.). Generic characters. Male.— Bill longer than the head, straight, or very slightly arched ; wings long and rigid; tail moderately lone and forked ; ¢arsi clothed ; Jeet rather small ; gorget snow-white. 294. OREopyRA LEucasPis, Gould . ; ; : : : : : 4 ; ; . Vol. IV. Pl. 264. Habitat. Volcano of Chiriqui, 9000 to 10,000 feet (Warszewicz). So different are the three birds found on the island of Juan Fernandez, that it would not involve a great stretch of impropriety to assign to each of them a separate generic appellation ; I shall, however, retain them all under the name of Hustephanus. On an examination of the plates of the three species, it will be seen how remarkably they differ in size, colour, and markings. I consider it a very singular fact connected with the family of Humming- Birds, that three species should be found on an island so distant from the mainland, and that two of them should be confined to this isolated spot, surrounded as it is by the wide waters of the Pacific Ocean. Genus Eusreruanus, Reichenb. 295. EKUSTEPHANUS GALERITUS . : ; : : : ‘ d : ; ‘ : Vol. IV. Pl. 265. Sephanoides Kingi, Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, p. 19. _ Eustephanus galeritus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 11; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 76. Habitat. Chile and Juan Fernandez. “Found about Valparaiso in abundance in the months of August, September, and October.” — Bridges in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part xi. p. 115. 296. EusTEPHANUS STOKESI : j ‘ ; Vol. IV. Pl. 266. Thaumaste Stokesii, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p-14; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 12. Eustephanus Stokesi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 75. Habitat. Juan Fernandez. 297. EUsTEPHANUS FERNANDENSIS : : : : i : : : ; ‘ Vol. IV. Pl. 267. Eustephanus lernandensis, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 11; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 76. Habitat. Juan Fernandez. The Genus Puxo.tama, Reichenb., is composed of two Andean species, distinguished by their sombre colouring; for although both have a luminous gular patch, and one of them a glittering mark on the centre of the crown, the brilliancy of these markings is not So great as usual, and their tails are coloured unlike those of any other group. 298. PHa&OLEMA RUBINOIDES j ‘ ‘ : 3 : : A Vol. IV. Pl. 268. Heliodoxa rubinoides, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 743. figs. 4704-5. Phaeolaema granadensis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ll. p. 30, note. Habitat. New Granada. Frequently sent to Europe from Bogota. PEP TE IN| WP Im, © DU Cw l © N. xelVv Gould Vol. IV. Pl. 269. FOULA 999. PumoL£MA ARQUATORIALIS, Habitat. Ecuador. Genus Er1ocnEMIS, Reichenb. thers with which the legs of the Eriocnemides are clothed is a feature both novel e found in any other group of birds, they are thereby rendered especially smgular. in others brown and white, and in one jet black. All the e north by New Granada, and on the The conspicuous tufts of fea and peculiar ; and as it is not to b corations are white, In some these powder-puff-like de on of the Andes which is bounded on th species are confined to that porti south by Bolivia. It is not to be supposed that t mong the many species of this group he minor distinctive characters which exist a nithologists; on the contrary, they have attracted the notice of more than one Oo 1 formerly included in the genus Eriopus or Eri Derbyomia, &c.,—a tolerable division for should have passed unnoticed by or writer, and the birds which were al Threptria, Phemonoé, Aline, Luctania, Mosquera, in 1847, under the name of Eriopus. The first, then, is the well-known E. cuprei- ocnemis have received the sub- generic titles of Engyete, the genus first established by me hich I consider to be natural divisions. e E. Isaacsoni, the E. Lucian and the #. Mosquera. as they both have a brilliant patch of feathers I shall now give my own views on the subject, and point out those w . . . . S th Ss : = . ventris, with which I associate th In all these the sexes are alike in colour. The next division comprises E. vestita and E. nigriwestis, on the throat, and the lower part of the back and the upper tail-coverts exceedingly luminous ; and their females are somewhat different and less brilliant in colour. The E. Godini and E. D’ Orbignyi form another little section ; but we really know so little respecting these species, that nothing can be said with certainty as to their females. The black-puffed E. Derbiana stands alone, and a rare and very beautiful bird it is. The Z. Aline is distinguished from all the rest by the glittering green of its face and under-surface ; it is by far the smallest species of the genus, while it has the largest puffs ; and the female, brilliant, ‘The members of the next section are very sombre in their colourin plates on which they are represented ; they are HE. squamata, E. lugens, and E. Aurelie. Ornithologists may please generic terms for these minute divisions; but, for myself, I have kept them all under although bearing a general resemblance to the male, is far less g, as will be seen on reference to the themselves about adopting that of Eriocnemis, and still feel inclined to do so. They all possess the important character of the puff leg, and they are remarkably alike as to the amount of this peculiar ornamentation. 300. ER10cNEMIS CUPREIVENTRIS : ; E Volo ive Rise 7027ale Phemonoé cupriventris, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9. Eriocnemis cupriventris, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 729. figs. 4668-69. Eriocnemis cupreiventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil in. p. 73. Habitat. The Andes in New Granada. I now believe that the bird I have called Eriocnemis simplex is merely a dark variety of the E. cupreiventris. Such varieties do now and then occur with other species of the family ; the cause I cannot attempt to explain. 301. Ertocnemis Isaacsoni . ¢ é E : : : : : : i , Vol. IV: EE Eriocnemis Isaacsoni, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 761. fig. 4700. Habitat. New Granada. I have never seen any other than the type specimen of this species, which is now in the Derby Museum at Liverpool. 302. Ertocnemis Luciani . : : : : : p : : Wolk, IOV, JBL Bie Phemonoe Luciani, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9. Eriocnemis Luciani, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 730. figs. 4671-72. Habitat. Ecuador ; western side of Pichincha, at an elevation of 10,000 to 12,000 feet (Jameson) 303. Ertocnemis Mosquera : ; Vol. IV. Pl. 274 ; : : : : E ol. LV. EL. 2/4. Threptria Mosquera, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p- 9. Eriocnemis Mosquera, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 728. figs. 4664-65 3 . . S* . ae . Habitat. The neighbourhood of Pasto in New Granada (Delatire). 304. ERIOCNEMIS VESTITA . : Vol. IV. Pl. 27 . i : A : : : Ol, AV, IDL Ba or Eriocnemis vestita, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 73 Habitat. The Andes of New Granada. Commonly sent from Bogota gota. ~ LNT RO DA flO N: XCV 305. ERIOCNEMIS NIGRIVESTIS . : : : : : : : : : : : WoleeVin Pl 276: Habitat. Ecuador, environs of Tumbaro (Bourcier). 306. Ertocnemis GopInri . 5 ‘ : : : : : j } 3 f : Nol Ves ele 2/7 Habitat. Ecuador. 307. Ertocnemis D’OrsBiGNYI . t : : : : : : : : : ; Vole IVs Bi 78: Habitat. Peru or Bolivia. 308. Ertocnemis DERBIANA : A ‘ : : : : : : Vol. IV. Pl. 279. Erioenemis Derbyi, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 728. figs. 4666-67 and pl. 741. figs. 4698-99. Habitat. Volcano of Puracé in New Granada (Delattre). 309. ERiocNEMIS ALINZ . : : : ; : : : : ; : : : Vol. TV.-Pl: 280: Trochilus dasypus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin. Eriocnemis Alinae, Cab et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 73. Habitat. The hilly parts of New Granada. 310. ErtocNEeMIS SQuAMATA, Gould. ; : : : : 3 ‘ ‘ ; : Vol ive Rinse Habitat. Ecuador. 311. ERtocnemis LuGENS, Gould . é : 3 : : : , ; : : ; WO lee P1282) Threptria lugens, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9. Eriocnemis lugens, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 740. figs. 4695-96. Habitat. Ecuador ; western side of Pichincha (Jameson). It is just possible that this may prove to be the female of £. squamata ; for I have received many specimens from Professor Jameson with wholly white puffs, which is the characteristic of H. lugens; while from another locality one has been sent with partly white and partly red puffs: independently of the difference in the colouring of the puffs, the latter birds are larger than the former. 312. ErtocNemMis AURELIA. : : : ; : : ; : : ; : ‘ Volaly, BI 283: Habitat. New Granada and Ecuador. Specimens from the Napo differ considerably from those received from Bogota,—a deep coppery hue pervading both the upper and under surface, whereas those parts are green in the Bogotan birds. I have seen specimens which I consider may be females or young of this species with wholly white puffs. Proceeding from Mexico, southwards, through the high lands of the temperate regions of Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Veragua, we there find several species of the well-defined genus Cyanomyia which do not pass the Isthmus of Panama, while others occur in New Granada, Ecuador, and Peru. I have not yet seen any species of this form from Brazil or from any of the eastern portions of the South American continent. They are all very lovely birds, the colours with which they are adorned being blue, glittering green, and white, to which the red bills of one or two of them offer a pleasing contrast. The females, although generally resembling the males, are inferior to them in size and colouring. With these birds I commence the fifth volume. Genus Cyanomyta, Bonap. 313. CYANOMYIA QUADRICOLOR ‘ ; : : : : : 2 : : Vol, Vo bigvsae Ornismya cyanocephala, Less. Supp. des Ois.-mou. p. 132, pl. 17. Trochilus verticalis, Licht. Preis-Verz. Mexican. Thier. ges. v. Deppe & Schiede (Sept. 1830), Nos. 27, 28. Cyanomyta verticalis, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 254. Agyrtria quadricolor, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 761. figs. 4758-59. Uranomutra quadricolor, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 41, note. Habitat. Northern Mexico. 314. CyanomytIA vioLicers, Gould i ; : : 4 : : : 2 4 : Vol. V. Pl, 285 Uranomitra violiceps, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein, Theil iii. p. 41. Habitat. Western Mexico. coer INTRODUCTION. xcvl Vol. V. Pl. 286, 315. CYANOMYIA CYANOCEPHALA . : : Ormsmya cyanocephala, Less. Supp. des Ois.-mou. p. Mae olmak: - Polytmus verticalis, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 109, Polytmus, sp. 86. nb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10. an cephala, Reiche : ?Uranomitra cyanoce} et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 254; Montes de Oca, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Cyanomyia cyanocephala, Bonap. Rev. Philad. 1860, p. 80. re Agyrtria Faustine, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 760. figs. 4756-57. Agyrtria cyanocephala, Reichenb. 1b. p. 7, pl. 760. ee Uranomitra Lessoni, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 41. Habitat. Southern Mexico. “This Humming-Bird,” says M. or Common White-breasted Myrtle-sucker. It is found very abundantly and at all seasons of the year Orizaba, and many other places in Mexico, where it remains all the year round, Montes de Oca, “is generally known by the name of Chupa-mirto comun de pecho blanco, in the vicinity of Jalapa, Coatepec, and I have often found its nest in the months of April and May. “The nest of this species, like those of nearly all the Humming-Birds of this part of Mexico (Jalapa), is lined with the tudl silky floss, and is most ingeniously covered on the outside with moss from the rocks. The eggs é : ; o in number, but upon one occasion I found three in a nest. are generally tw I have stated that it was found in Guatemala as well as Mexico; and although In my account of this species, this may be the case, I believe the latter country to be its true habitat. Guatemalan differ from Mexican specimens in the colouring of the tail-feathers ; in the latter they are olive-green, in the former rich bronzy-green. Under these circumstances I cannot regard them as identical, I must therefore give the Guatemalan bird a distinctive appellation :— 316, CyaANomyiA GUATEMALENSIS, Gould. Cyanomyia cyanocephala, Salvin in Ibis, vol. il. p. 39. Habitat. Guatemala. “ Last year, in a cypress tree near the house at Duehas, a pair of these birds built their nest. This year I found a branch of the same tree similarly tenanted, the new nest being only a few yards from the site of the old one. To obtain it, I was obliged to cut away the branch; and though, in falling, the nest was quite thrown on its side, the eggs, much to my surprise, did not fall out: this I afterwards found was owing to the lip of the nest turning inwards. Another pair commenced building near the house; and the male bird frequently came while I was preparing skins in the corridor, and took pieces of cotton almost from my hand. In the afternoon of August 14, my friend Mr. Wyld observing it making a descent upon some small object in his room, shut the window and called me. The intruder, who was wearied from fluttering against the window, suffered itself to be caught. In a very few moments its agitation ceased, and it seemed to be taking advantage of its comfortable place in my hand to rest from its fatigues, making no attempt to escape. Before letting it go, I procured a piece of sugar, and, after dipping it in water, put it to the tip of its bill. Almost immediately its long tongue was employed in sucking up the liquid. On liberating it, it flew to a tree close at hand, and seemed to take no further notice of its late captivity.” —Salvin in Ibis, vol. ii. p. 39. 317. Cyanomyia Franciz ; ; ‘ ; : : : : : : : : Vol: VoPi2sr Agyrtria Franciae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 761. figs. 4760-61. Trochilus hypoleucus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin. Uranomitra Franciae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 41. Habitat. New Granada. 318. CyANoMYIA CYANICOLLIS, Gould. : : : : Vol. V. Pl. 288 Agyrtria cyanicollis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. Pave Uranomitra cyanicollis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 41, note. Habitat. Peru Nearly allied to Cyanomyia is the Genus Hemisritpon, Gould. ‘Hyu-, semi, et ori ] ois Co Generic characters. ( ? ’ TtABov, micans. ) Male.— Bill | i : onger than the head and sti aight ; wings moderately long and considerably curved ; tail rather LNT hO DU Git ON. XCVil short and truncate; farsi clothed; feet rather small; hind toe shorter than the middle toe; nails short and curved. Although I have placed this genus next to Cyanomyia, I consider that it has some relationship to the Amazilie. 319. HemistriuBon Ocat, Gould. Amazilia Ocai, Gould . : f : : : : : Pyrrhophaena Ocai, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 36, note. Habitat. Mexico. This beautiful species was discovered by M. Rafael Montes de Oca at Xalapa. Vol. V. Pl. 289. In this genus I provisionally place the Trochilus Norrisi, of which a single specimen exists in the Loddigesian collection, but unfortunately is so situated that I could not subject it to so careful an examination as I could have desired. 320. Hemistitpon Norrist. Trochilus Norrisit, Bourc. Proc. of Zool. Soc. part xv. p. 47. Polytmus Norrist, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 71. Amazilia Norrisii, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 8. Amazilia norrisi, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 254. Pyrrhophaena Norrisi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 36, note. Habitat. Bolanos in Central Mexico. At present only one species is known of the Genus Leucierus, Bonap. ; but I am inclined to believe that other birds of this form exist ; indeed I have all but positive evidence that such is the case, in a specimen killed by M. Warszewicz in Peru, which for the present I decline describing, as it may possibly be only a female of some unknown species, the male of which will be differently coloured. 321. LeuCIPPUS CHIONOGASTER . : , : ; : : : ‘ ‘ : ; Vol. V. Pl. 290. Leucippus chionogaster, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 31. Habitat. Peru and Bolivia. Genus Leucocuioris, Reichend. This is another form of which a single species only has yet been discovered. 322. LEUCOCHLORIS ALBICOLLIS . a ; : i : : : j 3 Hietoak Vols Va Bi, 29%: Trochilus vulgaris, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 72. Leucippus albicollis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 782. figs. 4818-19. Agyrtria albicollis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 32. Thaumatias albicollis, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 342. Habitat. Brazil; and Tucuman, according to Dr. Burmeister. This is a very pretty species, distinguished by its green and white plumage. The sexes are alike in external appearance. The genus Thaumatias, as proposed by Bonaparte and adopted by me, comprises many species respecting which much confusion exists, especially with regard to the names applied to them by the older authors; some confusion also occurs with respect to the species I have called Thaumatias Linnei, which I fear cannot be satis- factorily unravelled. If it should be decided that it is not the bird Bonaparte intended, I trust it will be allowed to stand as the “ Thaumatias Linnei, Gould, nec Bonap.” The other synonyms may or may not be applicable to it, but they are given on the authority of M. Bourcier of Paris. This is another of those instances which unfortunately occur too frequently for the advantage of science; I mean the impossibility of determining the species intended in the curt descriptions left us by Gmelin and others of Tobaci or Tobagensis, Ourissia, cum multis aliis. Genus Tuaumarias, Bonap. The species of this form are natives of Brazil, the banks of the Rivers Amazon and Napo, the Guianas, the QC ill INR oODp uv CLTLroN. xcVill island of Trinidad, Venezuela, New Granada, and Central America. If any difference be observable, it is in the outer tail-feathers of the femal 323. THAUMATIAS CANDIDUS a candida, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. sine ill. HH Agyrtri p- 33, note. Hn Habitat. Guatemala and Southern Mexico. AW Mr. Salvin states that this species is “com Very abundant about Coban. the same species being frequent aw very few examples of this | day’s ride into the interior. through a great range of temperature, HA in the more elevated districts.” Mr. Taylor s bird in Honduras. 324, THAUMATIAS CHIONOPECTUS, Gould Agyrtria niveipectus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 33, note. Habitat. Trinidad, Cayenne, and Guiana. AA Wt 325. THAUMATIAS LEUCOGASTER Wu | ! } . . . . | Cynanthus leucogaster, J ard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. 11. p. 149. HVAT Trochilus mellisugus, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. i. p. 343. NAH Agyrtria leucogastra, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 34. Hi Trochilus Cleopatra, Gould, MS. l) . Habitat, North-eastern Brazil, Cayenne, and the Guianas. 2 ae Halt 396. THAUMATIAS VIRIDICEPS, Gould HH Habitat. Ecuador. 327. TaHaumatias MILLERI Agyrtria Milleri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 33, note. | ; | Habitat. New Granada. Common in the neighbourhood of Bogota. 328. THAUMATIAS NITIDIFRONS, Gould . Habitat. Unknown: supposed to be Venezuela. i | 329. THAUMATIAS CHRULEICEPS, Gould. tH i Thaumatias ceruleiceps, Gould in Proc. Zool. Soc. part xxviii. p. 307. ni Habitat. New Granada. Received from Bogota. Hi HH | 330. THAUMATIAS BREVIROSTRIS : 5 : : : WHA HTT Trochilus versicolor, “ Licht.,’’ Nordm. Erm. Reis. Atl. pp. 3, 27, t. 1. f. 1-3. HH HH | | tom. i. p. 74, Hylocharis, sp. 9. CATA | | Thaumantias versicolor, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 255. Agyrtria brevirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 34. HIRT | Hii . Habitat. South-eastern Brazil. HI 331. THAUMATIAS AFFINIS, Gould . : | | Agyrtria affinis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 33, note. Habitat. Southern Brazil; the districts of Novo Friburgo and Minas Geraes. PEER E 332. THAUMATIAS CHIONURUS, Gould | | | Thaumantias chionurus, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de veal 1854, p. 255. Hi | Agyrtria chionura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 32, note. } Habitat. Costa Rica. 333. THAUMATIAS ALBIVENTRIS Trochilus albiventris, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 141 Agyriria albwventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 32. i | Habitat. Brazil, the neighbourhood of Sta. Catharina ( Bourcier ). Agyrtria versicolor, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p.10; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 759. figs. 4750— This, the le ; ; : s, the largest species of the genus, has the centre of the abdomen and the under tail-coverts white. The sexes of each species are alike in colour, e being faintly tipped with olive-grey. Vol VoEres> mon on the Atlantic coast-region, about Yzabal, and thence one Many species of Humming-Birds in Guatemala extend ly found both in the coast regions and also Vol. V. Pl. 293. Vol. Vo Be2o8 Vol. V. Pl. 295. Vol. V. Pl. 296. Vol. V. Pl. 297. Vol. V. Pl. 298. iil | AI HAITI Hylocharis versicolor, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. 1. p. 115, Hylocharis, sp. 45; Bonap. Consp. Gen. AY. Vol. V. Pl. 299. : : : Vol. V. Pl. 300. Leucippus chionurus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p- 11; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 8, a 780. figs. 4813-15. Vol. V. Pl. 301. Mi DN PRO CTT ON: XClx 334. THaumatiAs Linn21, Bonap. : ‘ : : ‘ : : ‘ : : : Viol. ¥.. Pl 302. Trochilus viridissimus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. il. p 149. Trochilus viridipectus, Sauc. in Mus. Berol. et Heinean. Saucerottia viridipectus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7. Agyrtria Thaumantias, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 756. figs. 4738-39. Chlorestes viridipectus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 702, figs. 4573-75. Hylocharis lactea, fem., Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 772, fig. 4792. Coeligena Maugei, fem. (!!!), Reichenb. in Mus. of Berlin (Cabanis). Agyrtria maculata, Cab et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 33. Habitat. Northern Brazil, Cayenne, Dutch and British Guiana, Trinidad, and Venezuela. This bird is much smaller than the last, has less white on the abdomen, and the under tail-coverts tinged with grey. I think it likely that pl. 62 of Lesson’s ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches’ has reference to this species, and the text to the 7. albwentris. 335. THAUMATIAS FLUVIATILIS, Gould. Habitat. Banks of the River Napo. In size this bird rather exceeds the last, and has a more than proportionately longer bill; the breast is glittering deep or grass green instead of golden green, and there is a narrow irregular streak of greyish white on the abdomen ; but the great difference which distinguishes it from the 7. innei and the rest is the colouring of the under tail-coverts, the centres of which are dark brown margined with greyish white; the tail-feathers are short, and of a nearly uniform dull black. Total length 4 inches, bill 2,8, wing 1, tail 1]. 336. THAUMATIAS APICALIS, Gould. Habitat. New Granada. About the same size as the last, with an equally lengthened bill; the upper-surface golden green; the centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white ; the four outer tail-feathers steel-black margined with pure white at the tip. Total length 3+ inches, bill 1, wing 24, tail 1+. 337. THAUMATIAS MACULICAUDUS, Gould. Habitat. British Guiana. This is a very little species, with a long thin bill; its breast is green, as the other’s ; the centre of its abdomen white; the under tail-coverts white, except in the centre, where they are dark brown; but the great difference is in the tail, which is exceedingly pretty, the two centre feathers being bronzy green, except at the extreme tip, which is greenish black, the next on each side bronze for half their length, then black ; the three outer ones on each side bronzy green at their base, then broadly zoned with black, next to which they are green, and lastly white. Total length 32 inches, bill 4, wing 2, tail 14. A specimen of this bird was brought from Guiana by Sir Robert Schomburgk ; and in all probability the species is an inhabitant of the interior. The five preceding species are all very nearly alike, and form a minor section; they are confined to a com- paratively limited area. The remaining members of the genus are more widely distributed, one of them inhabiting Guatemala and Costa Rica, and two or three Veragua, while the others frequent Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and Brazil; but as each of the species has its proper habitat indicated, it will be unnecessary to say more on the subject here. The females are very similar to the males in colour, except in the case of the rare species I have called 7. chionurus, where the two sexes differ considerably, as may be seen on reference to the plate in which they are represented. The group of Humming-Birds to which I next direct attention comprises the genera Amazilia, Pyrrhophena, Erythronota, Eupherusa, Saucerottia, Sapphironia, Hylocharis, and others, ranging between the Amazilie and the little green species forming the genus Chlorostilbon. These birds are the least understood of the Trochilide, and are certainly the most difficult and perplexing to discriminate of the entire family. I will, however, do my best to unravel the confusion with which they are surrounded, and to place both the genera and species in as clear a light iNT oOopuCcril © N. To do this effectively it will be necessary to replace some of the species in the O : ience enables me. : as my experience ené a further subdivision of the remainder. In go doing Ss a fi 9 it must not be understo into which the birds appear to be naturally divided. ‘To particularize the pro- distinctive appellation the sections e found in the West India Islands. : , | Ff 1 asily recognized, each of them having well-marked characters. There is but little difference in the and are eas g : The equatorial regions of the Andes are their head-quarters ; and it is there The members of the genus Amazilia, as restricted, are all of somewhat large SIZE, outward appearance of the sexes. | | that we find the A. pristina, the A alticola, the A. Dumerili, and the A. leucophea. These four species, I consider, hat w 4. ; ; very natural section. ae Genus Amaziiia, Rezchend. é : : i Vol. V. Pl303, 338. AMAZILIA PRISTINA . : ‘ : : : ; : : Phatthornis Amazili, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. u. p. 152. Pyrrhophaena Amazilia, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil i. p. 35. Habitat. The neighbourhood of Lima in Peru. 339. AMAZILIA ALTICOLA, Gould . ; : : : : : : : : : : Vol. V. Pl. 304. Habitat. The high lands of Central Peru; the precise locality uncertain. 340. Amazit1a DuMERILI . : : : s : : : : : : : : Vol. V. Pl. 305. Pyrrhophaena Dumerili, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p 36. note. Habitat. Ecuador, on the coast in the neighbourhood of Guayaquil, and on the Isle of Puna. Found also at Babahoyo by Mr. Fraser, who states that the bill is red with a black tip. 341. AmMaziLia LEUCOPHa@A, Reichenb. . : : : ; : : : : : : Vol. V. Pl. 306. Pyrrhophaena leucophaea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii p. 35. Habitat. Southern Peru. Collected in the vicinity of the Volcano of Arequipa by M. Warszewicz. I retain Dr. Cabanis’s generic term Pyrrhophena for the ten succeeding species :— Genus Pyrruopumna, Cad. 342. PyrRHOPHANA CINNAMOMEA. Amazilia corallirostris . : : : : : : : : ; : : Vol Veins 0 Ornismya cinnamomea, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 175. Ormsmya rutila, Delatt. L’Echo du Monde Savant, No. 45, Juin 15, 1843, col. 1069. Pyrrhophaena corallirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ll. p. 35, note. Habitat. Central America. “This species,” says Mr. Salvin, “seems to be an inhabitant of the hot sea-bord only, and does not extend its vertical range to a greater elevation than 2000 feet. In such regions on the Pacific coast it is very abundant, and is, in fact, the commonest of the family—in some parts almost swarming. In every village numbers may be seen flitting about the blossoms of the orange and lime trees. Its horizontal range appears to be extensive, and may be emala, from the confines of Chiapas to the State of San Salvador, and probably also embraces the Balsam Coast of that republic, Tigré Island in the Bay of Fonseca.” —Jbis, vol. i. DLs: “It is common about San Gerdnimo ; said to include the whole of the southern portion of Guat as Captain Taylor obtained examples on but seems not to be found in the colder and more elevated portions of the republic, neither occurring at Duefias nor Coban. A nest with two young and the hen bird was brought to me Dec. 6th; the young were half- grown, and would have flown in about ten d as the feathers are concerned, the sexes are alike. A much more of the brill ays. My specimens show that, as far difference, however, exists in the bill,—that of the male having ant colour from which the species takes its name, in the upper mandible. In the young bird the upper mandible is black.” —Thbis, y ol. ii. pp. 268, 269. 343. PyRRHOPHANA YUCATANENSIS. Amazilia Yucatanensis Vol. V. Pl. 308. Habitat. Yucatan. ut i id 1 ye Wl of 1e ar rd INDTRODUOTLON cl 344. PyRRHOPHANA CERVINIVENTRIS, Gould. Amazilia cerviniventris, Gould : : ; : ; 3 : ; : ‘ i Vol Vv RE 309. Pyrrhophaena cervinwentris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 36, note. Habitat. Mexico. In the neighbourhood of Cordova, according to M. Sallé. 345. PyRRHOPHANA CASTANEIVENTRIS. Amazilia castaneiventris, Gould : : : : F ; 5 : : , Vol. V. Pl. 310. Habitat. New Granada. 346. PyrrHopH@Nna RIEFFERI. Amazilia Riefferi . ; : : : : : : : : ‘ : ; : Wolk, Wo IPL Silil. Ornismya amazili, Delatt. Echo du Monde Savant, No. 45, Juin 15, 1843, col. 1069. Trochilus arsinoides, Sauc. in Mus. of Berlin. Pyrrhophaena Rieffert, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 36. = uous, Cal: et Hein. ab: p36: —— suavis, Cab. et Hein. ib. p. 36, note. Habitat. Southern Mexico, Guatemala, and along the Andes to Ecuador. Nearly thirty specimens are now before me from these various countries, among them M. Bourcier’s type specimen of his Trochilus Dubusi, also specimens collected by Warszewicz in Costa Rica; and I see nothing to induce a belief that there is any specific difference between those found in Mexico, Guayaquil in Ecuador, or in any of the intermediate countries. I admit that differences occur both in size and in the fringing of the outer tail- feathers : generally speaking, they are darker in the Costa Rican and New Granadian specimens ; but I have some quite as bronzy from those countries as the generality of specimens found in Honduras and Guatemala. These latter are the birds to which the term Dubusi has been applied. 347. PyRRHOPHHNA BERYLLINA. Amazilia beryllina . ; : : ; : : : : s ; ‘ Vol ve Pl 312) Halitat. Southern Mexico. M Botta found it at Orizaba, and M. Sallé at Cordova. 348. PyrRRHOopHANA DEVILLEI. Amazilia Devillei_. : : : ; ‘ : ‘ : : ; : ‘ ; Wolo. Pl 313: Saucerottia maria, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 255 ? Chlorestes Mariae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 695. fig. 4549. Panychlora Mariae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 49, note. Amazilia Dumerili, Salv. Ibis, vol. ii. p. 270. Habitat. Guatemala. Speaking of this species, which by some inadvertence he has called A. Dumerili instead of A. Devillei, Mr. Salvin says, ““ During the months of July, August, and September, one of its most favourite resorts was the western boundary of the Llafio of Duefias, which, starting from the village and bounded to the eastward by the river Guacalate, extends, sweeping by the Volcan de Fuego, almost to the Hacienda of Capertillo, its southern extremity. Dispersed all over this plain is found, in groves, patches, and isolated trees, a Tree Convolvulus, bearing a white flower, and attaining an average height of about 25 or 30 feet. During the above months this elegant species might be seen in almost every tree, some feeding among the flowers, some settled quietly on a dead branch, uttering their low, plaintive, hardly to be called musical, yet certainly cheering song, others less peacefully occupied in a war of expulsion, driving out by vehement cries and more effectual blows the tenant of a tree, which in its turn wreaks vengeance on some weaker or unexpectant antagonist.’’—Jbis, vol. ii. p. 270. 349. PyRRHOPHNA VIRIDIGASTER. Amazilia viridigaster : : : 5 ; : : : : ; , : Vol Ve Bi aie Chlorestes viridiventris, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p- 4, pl. 699. figs. 4564-65. Hemithylaca viridiventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 38. Habitat. New Granada. Common in the neighbourhood of Bogota. 350. PyYRRHOPHANA IODURA. Trochilus iodurus, Sauc. in Mus. Hem. Saucerottia iodura, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 8. INT ROD UC TLON. Chlorestes iodurus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 698. figs. 4560-61. Hemithylaca wodura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil 11. p. 39. Trochilus Aglaia, Boure. Ann. Soe. Sci. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, 1846, p. Polytmus Aglaia, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 109, Polytmus, sp. 73° Amazilius aglaie, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 71, Amazilius, sp. 11 e Saucerottia Aglaiae, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 8? Chlorestes Aglaiae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4 ? Hemithylaca Aglaiae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 38, note ? 329 ? Id. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 318? Habitat. New Granada? The specimen named iodura in the Museum of M. Heine at H The former has a glittering crown and light-lilac shining tail-feathers ; while the latter has that of P. viridigaster that I have no doubt of its being a alberstadt is different from the bird so called in the Museum at Berlin. a dull-coloured crown, and the tail so nearly resembling young bird or a female of that species. On the other hand, I think M. Heine’s bird is a distinct species, and I have therefore retained it under the term iodura. 351. PyRRHOPHZNA CYANURA. Vol. V. Pl. 315. Amazilia cyanura, Gould Hemithylaca cyanura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. p. 38, note. Habitat. Pacific side of Nicaragua; Realjo ? The Erythronote are nearly allied to the Pyrrhophene. As in that genus, the sexes are alike in their colouring. The species are much more circumscribed in their habitat, being almost confined to Venezuela and the countries immediately adjoining. The oldest-known species, which I have called antiqua, appears to be subject to much variation in its colour and markings; but, as I stated in my account of that species, I have questioned the propriety of their separation until we are better acquainted with them. Genus Eryruronora, Gould. (EpvOpos, ruber, et voros, dorsum. ) Generic characters. Male.—Bill longer than the head, nearly straight or very slightly curved ; wigs moderately long; tail rather =) short and slightly forked ; tarsi clothed; hind toe rather shorter than the middle one ; claws short ; throat and chest lively green. Female.—Similar in colour. 352. ERYTHRONOTA ANTIQUA : : : : : : : : E : é : Vol. V. Pl. 316. Cynanthus erythronotus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 148. Chlorestes erythronotus, Reichenb. Troch. Enuin. p. 4, pl. 799. figs. 4562-63. Hemithylaca erythronota, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 37. Habitat. Trinidad, Tobago, and Venezuela. The birds from Tobago are very much larger than those from Trinidad; and some of the specimens from Venezuela have the under tail-coverts wholly chestnut ; I should have considered this indicative of another species 9 had I not found a similar variation in specimens from Trinidad 353. EryTHRONOTA FELICIZ : : Habitat. Venezuela. | , | . a The O. Felicia is admitted by the French Trochilidists to be distinct from O. antiqua, and as such I have kept it; at the same time it is extremely difficult to distinguish one from the other. In ae ‘ . a possible ; but the former has a bluer tail, and the back and upper surface destitute of 4 2 ee : : observable in many specimens, but not in all, of the O. antiqua; the under tail-cov eee as erts, too, are frequently stained I have a specimen of this bird, presented to me by M. Emile Parzudaki, of Paris, with tl f Emil akl, , Ww he name of Emile attached. The bird was killed by him during his visit to South America 354. EryTHrRonota Epwarpi : : : . Chlorestes Edwardsii, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 698. fies. 4558 i Ve » Us». a . yt ; a. le ENERO DUCT GON cll Hemithylaca Edwardi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 37, note. Habitat. Panama, Costa Rica, and Veragua. I have specimens of this bird killed by Mr. Bridges near David, at an elevation of from 8000 to 10,000 feet, according to the label attached. 355. ERYTHRONOTA NIVEIVENTRIS, Gould. : ; . : ; : 2 : : Vol Verlag: Chlorestes niveiventris, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 700. figs. 4566-67. Hemithylaca nivewentris, Cab. et Hein Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 37. Habitat. Panama and Veragua. 356. ERYTHRONOTA ELEGANS, Gould. : : ‘ i : : i : ; : Vol. V. PI. 320: Habitat. Unknown. This is a very elegant species, and quite distinct from every other known Humming-Bird. In its glittering light-green crown, throat, and chest it looks like a Chlorostilbon; but the form of its tail and some other characters ally it to the Erythronote, with which I have provisionally placed it. The next natural section is that of Saucerottia, of which I am acquainted with three species distinguished from the Erythronote by their larger size, stouter bills, and by their more uniform dark-green colouring. All are confined to a comparatively limited area—namely, Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, and the northern parts of New Granada. Genus Saucerortia, Bonap. 357. SAUCEROTTIA TyPICA, Bonap. Erythronota Saucerottei : : : i ‘ : : ; : ‘ ‘ : Vol Vv. Pl 32l. Habitat. New Granada. 358. SAUCEROTTIA SOPHL. Erythronota Sophie ‘ i : 4 j : : : : ¢ : ; : Wolk Ve El 322: Habitat. Costa Rica, Veragua, and New Granada. 359. SauceRoTTIA WARSZEWICZI. Hemithylaca Warszewiczt, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 38. Habitat. Banks of the River Magdalena. As the S. Sophie differs from the S. typica in the richer blue colouring of its upper and under tail-coverts and tail, so does this species differ from the S. Sophie in having the tail and its coverts both above and beneath of a still richer and more violet blue. It is also of smaller size ; and the green of its under surface is different from that of both, being purer and deeper. The examples in my collection were obtained by M. Warszewicz on the banks of the Magdalena. The bird to which M. Bourcier has given the specific name of cyanifrons requires separation from the last three species, as much or more than they do from their predecessors the Erythronote. M. Cabanis’s generic name of Hemithylaca having been applied to this group as a whole, subsequently to those of Saucerottia and Erythronota, I must either place his name in the rank of a synonym or adopt it for the present species, the only one of this particular form. Genus Hemrruyiaca, Cad. 360. HeMITHYLACA CYANIFRONS. Saucerottia cyanifrons . : : : : : : : i ‘ ; : : Vol. V. PI. 323. Hemithylaca cyanifrons, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 39. Habitat. New Granada. Somewhat allied to the genera Hemithylaca and Erythronota is the isolated form constituting my genus Eupherusa. ‘The single species known is a native of Central America. Contrary to what occurs among the Erythronote, the sexes differ very considerably in their plumage—a fact of which I was not aware when my plate of the species was executed. INTRODUCTION. Genus EuPpHERUSA, Gould. (Ed, bene, feliciter ; et pepovon, gestans.) Male.—Bill nearly straight and longer than the head; wings rather long ; tail rounded ; tarsi clothed ; feet small ; Aind toe rather shorter than the middle toe. Female.—Unadorned. Vol. V. Pl. 324. 361. EUPHERUSA EXIMIA Amazilia evimia, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 8, Habitat. Guatemala and Honduras ? Mr. Salvin states that “This is one of the commonest The ratio of the males to the females is as ten to four.” pl. 776. fig. 4802. Humming-Birds of Coban, being found everywhere near the city. —Ibis, vol. ii. p. 271. The following is a correct description of the female of this species :— Throat and all the under surface grey; sides of the neck and upper surface green ; primaries purplish brown ; secondaries deep buff, forming epaulets as in the male, but of less size. The Genus Curysuronia, Bonap., is composed of six species, with pretty, golden tails. The females of most of them are strikingly different ; for, although they all have the tail similarly coloured, they are destitute of brilliancy on any part of the body. All are inhabitants of the Andes in New Granada, Ecuador, and Peru, with the exception of the C. Elicie, which inhabits countries to the northward of Panama. Vol. V. Pl. 325: 362. CHRYSURONIA CEHNONE . : : : Cynanthus Ginone, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 149. Chrysurisca Oenone, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 42. Habitat. Venezuela and New Granada. I find no difference between the birds from Venezuela and those from the neighbourhood of Bogota, except that the latter have rather longer bills, and the tail-feathers lighter and inclined to green. 363. CurysuRONIA JOSEPHINE . : é : : : : : : : : : Vol. V. Pl. 326; Chrysurisca Josephinae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 42, note. Habitat. The upper parts of the River Amazon, where specimens were procured by Mr. Bates. I have two specimens of a bird of this form in my collection, one of which, procured in Paris, is labelled ““O. neera, Less. ;” they differ from every other species I possess. They are much larger than C. Josephine, and their tails are rich fiery bronze; their crowns greenish blue; all the under surface golden green; the under tail- coverts fiery bronze like the tail; and the blue of the crown extends further down the neck. I therefore retain the name of neera for this bird. I have still another bird allied to Josephine, with a longer wing, a shorter tail, and a somewhat shorter bill; the colour of the crown is violet or purplish-blue instead of ereenisheniee and the tail, instead of being rich fiery bronze, is light greenish-bronze. I cannot do otherwise than provisionally name this bird, and I therefore propose to call it C. ceruleicapilla. 364. CHRYSURONIA NEERA. Ornismya neera, Less., Delatt. et Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 18 Habitat. Unknown. 365. CHRYSURONIA CA‘RULEICAPILLA, Gould. Habitat. Unknown. 366. CurysuroniA Humpsoupri . : Chrysurisca Humboldti, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii p. 42, note i Habitat. The banks of the river Miva in the province of Esmeraldas in Ecuado ‘ g iP, 367. CurysuRoniA ELICLA ; Chrysurisca Eliciae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii p. 42 a! Habitat. Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Ver e agua. soy One a I Pet ray are led and tail- . the nda tail, this _ 328. INU EO DU © T rom. cv 368. CHRYSURONIA CHRYSURA 4 5 ? s i : 5 ; , 4 ‘ : Wol.-V.. Pl. 329. Phaéthornis? chrysurus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 152. Chrysurisca chrysura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 42, note. Habitat. Peru. Rich and conspicuous blue is the prevailing tint in the genera Eucephala and Hylocharis, which may be considered as truly Brazilian, since most of the species are natives of that country, almost the only exception being the £. Grayi, which is found in the Andes. There is scarcely any section of the Trochilide less understood or more difficult to discriminate than the next six or eight species. Genus Eucepuara, Retchend. 369. EucepHaLa Grayr ; : : : i : : : ; a f i ; Vor Vv. Pie 330) Eucephala Grayi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 43. Habitat. Said to be Popayan in New Granada. This is the largest species of the genus, and a very rare bird. 370. EUCEPHALA SMARAGDO-CERULEA, Gould. 3 : : ‘ : 3 ’ 5 Vol. V. PI. 331. Habitat. Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro towards the interior. 371. EucEPHALA CHLOROCEPHALA 3 : 2 : : s : : : : ‘ Vol. V. Pl. 332. Habitat. The environs of Guaranda in Ecuador, according to M. Bourcier. 372. EUCEPHALA CHRULEO-LAVATA, Gould . : : : : : : : ? : Vol. V. Pl. 333. Habitat. South-eastern Brazil. 373. EUCEPHALA scaPpuLata, Gould. Habitat. Supposed to be Cayenne. Crown of the head, back of the neck, and lower part of the back very deep dull green; throat and chest glittermg greenish blue, imperceptibly passing into the dull brownish black of the abdomen; under tail-coverts brown, with a wash of dull blue in the centre of each feather; a mark of blue on each side at the insertion of the wing, forming an indistinct band across the back ; upper tail-coverts bronzy green; tail steely black, rather short for the size of the bird, and slightly forked; wings deep purplish brown ; tarsi clothed with intermingled greyish- white and brown feathers ; upper mandible black ; basal half of the under mandible fleshy, the apical half black. Total length 3% inches, bill , wing, 2~,, tail 12. In the size of its body, it nearly equals the Eucephala ceruleo-lavata, but it differs from that and every other known species of this family of birds. I have only seen a single example of this species. 374. EucEPHALA HYPOCYANEA, Gould . i ‘ : : : : 4 : : 5 Voll VaR 33ar Habitat. Unknown; probably Brazil. 375. EUCEPHALA CHRULEA . ' ‘ : : : : : d ’ ee : Vol Ve Ple3ea, Chlorestes caeruleus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 46, note. Trochilus Audeberti, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 67. Cynanthus ? ceruleus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 147. Hylocharis Audeberti, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 349. Habitat. Eastern and Northern Brazil (Chamicuros, Hauxwell), the Guianas, Venezuela, Trinidad, and Tobago. Specimens from all these localities are so much alike that it is impossible to consider them otherwise than as one and the same species ; but I may remark that those from Venezuela have the blue mark on the chin much less apparent than those from Cayenne, Trinidad, and Eastern Brazil. My Chamicuros specimen also has this colour but faintly indicated, and the tail somewhat larger. 376. EUCEPHALA CYANOGENYS. Trochilus cyanogenys, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 10; Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 89; Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 350. Ornismya Wiedit, Less. Supp. Hist. Nat. des Ois.-mou. p. 150, pl. 26. Cynanthus cyanogenys, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 148. cvl Pwr o » UC TON. Gray, Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 115, Hylocharis, sp. 40. Bonap Gen. Ay. tom. Tea Saucerottia, sp. 3. de Zool. 1854, p. 255. Id. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 692. figs. 4536-37 ; Cab. et Hein. Hylocharis cyanogenys, Saucerottia cyanogenys, Hylocharis wiedi, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. Chlorestes cyanogenys, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7; Mus. Hein. Theil iu. p. 46. Habitat. Brazil. the single example of this bird procured by cimen is now before me, and I cannot do otherwise t At present Prince Maximilian of Wied is the only one that has been seen. ‘This type spe very closely allied to, han regard it as a distinct species. It is but a smaller bird than, F. caerulea. Genus Panrerre, Cad. roposed by M. Cabanis for the beautiful new bird discovered by Dr. Hoffmann in r ‘hi a e is generic name has been p DS a single example was obtained. Nothing is known with regard to the colouring ro) Costa Rica, of which I believe only of the sexes. : : : é Vol. V. Pl. 336. 377. PANTERPE INSIGNIS, Cab. Habitat. Costa Rica. The member or members, as the case may be, of the Genus Juuiamyia, Bonap., stand quite alone and apart from all the other small Humming-Birds, and bear the same relationship to the Eucephale that the Sphenoproctus Pampa does to the Campyloptert. liantly glittering crowns; in others this part of the head is dull-coloured ; while the plumage of the body is alike Some of the specimens of this form have bril- in all. These differences have sadly perplexed me for many years; but, after a very careful and minute examination of a great number of examples from various localities, I believe I shall be right in regarding the brilliantly coronetted bird as distinct from its dull-crowned ally, and in adopting Lesson’s name of Feliciana, believing that his description S d of the bird he has so called has reference to it. Vol. V. EE ssa 378. JULIAMYIA TYPICA : : ‘ ; . ; Coeligena Juliae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 681. figs. 4494-95, and pl. 763. fig. 4767 Damophila Juliae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 40. : Habitat. New Granada. 379. JuniaMyta FELICIANA. Ornismya Feliciana, Less. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 433. Hylocharis Feliciana, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol.i. p.114, Hylocharis, sp. 27 Habitat. Ecuador. a Mr. Fraser states the yo this ies j raser states that at Babahoyo this species is “not very common, and only found in the deep bush, where | 5 V iG > it feeds 5 SI rees i eeds on the tops of good-sized trees,” and that in Esmeraldas it was “ tak 1 1 ce , aken catching flies among the Cacao plantations. In October common everywhere; in December rare.” “ Iri ; 1 a ; , e. OQ O e. ye < a rides hazel; upper mandible black ; lower red, with black tip.”’—Proc. of Zool. Soc. 1860, pp. 283, 296 The Mexican ge 7 , an genus Circe comprehends, as far as our present knowledge extends only two speci ‘Althoncl 5 = ’ species. ough their tails are somewhat sh are ae f ort, they are composed of broad and ample feathers, all of which are tipped wi in this respect they remind us of the Chlorolampis Caniveti and its allie , ae L Cc ‘ Ss. Genus Circe, Goudd. Generic characters. (Kipxn, Circe.) 5 5 , 1 5 U y rather ong primaries rigid ; tail rather short and slightly forked, the feathers broad , athers broad ; ee iow, tarsi clothed ; feet small; hind toe short ; Female.—Very dull in colour. he six middl il-fe o y ob e tail-feathers of | ] a h ‘ 90 ‘ : 2 1 I th species are edged wit brown as In Caniveti > 4 < by 1 Tel Bl. ce me 10 Bq ws of od yn ere ca0, ver yeh ey: ng ; ort ; [INTRODUCES N. evil 380. Crrck LATIROSTRIS : i ; ; . : ’ f : , Vol. V. Pl. 338. Ornismya Lessoni, Delatt. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 15 Neue); Trochilus lazulus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin. Cyanophaia lazula, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10. Hylocharis lazula, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 770. figs. 4783-84. —_— Doubledayi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iu. p. 44. Habitat. The table-lands of Mexico. My late friend Dr. Saucerotte gave me the type specimen of his Trochilus Schimpert with the name attached, by which means I am able to state that it is identical with the present bird, and not with the Trochilus lazulus of Vieillot as supposed by Dr. Reichenbach (see his Aufz. der Col. p. 21). 381. Crrce DouBLEDAY1 ; : : L : : : 3 : : ‘ : : Volk Ve Rly339: Habitat. Mexico ; locality Chimantla, according to Dr. Saucerotte. Genus Pumorrita, Gould. (®aids, obscurus, et mridov, pluma. ) Generic characters. Male.—Bill longer than the head, fleshy at the base, and slightly arched ; wings of medium length ; tail the same, and slightly forked ; feet rather stout; hind toe and nail shorter than the middle toe and nail. 382. PumoprTiua soRDIDA, Gould . Vol. V. Pl. 340. Habitat. Oaxaca in Mexico. There is a specimen in the Loddigesian collection which appears to be distinct from this bird; without figuring I will give a description, and propose for it the name of Pheoptila zonura. 383. PuxoptTita zonuRA, Gould. Habitat. Bolanos in Mexico. This bird, which is rather smaller and more delicately formed than P. obscura, has all the upper surface dull bronzy green; a stripe of greyish white over each eye; ear- -coverts dusky; wings purplish brown ; two centre tail-feathers bronzy green ; the remainder bronzy green, cr ossed near the extremity with a broad band of blackish brown, beyond which the tips are greyish brown ; all the under surface grey. The single species of the Genus Damopuita, Rerchenb., stands quite alone, no second member of the form having yet been discovered. Its native country is the Andes of New Granada and Ecuador, from both of which localities specimens are now before me. Those procured by Mr. Fraser in Esmeraldas differ a little from the specimens commonly sent in collections from Bogota, in having the centre of the throat greyish brown instead of black, and the two centre tail-feathers reddish purple instead of bronzy green; however, they must not, I think, be regarded as other than local varieties. Mr. Fraser’s specimens appear not to be fully adult. 384. DAMOPHILA AMABILIS, Gould Wolk W.1PL 84h Coeligena amabilis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, a 681. figs. 4496-97. Damophila amabilis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein, Theil iil. p. 40. Habitat. New Granada and Ecuador. I am not quite certain that we are acquainted with the true female of this bird, but I believe my representation of that sex to be correct; if so, the sexes are very dissimilar in colouring, and in this respect are closely allied to the Eucephale. Boié, one of the most philosophical of modern ornithologists, proposed the generic term of Hylocharis for the Trochilus sapphirinus of Gmelin; and I have much pleasure in adopting this name, as well as several others proposed by him. The Genus Hyzocuaris, Bore, is composed of three species, all of which are natives of Brazil, to which country they are mainly confined. They evil are all very pretty, if not showy, species ; family, as oN OD) Uern tl @ N. and one of them is among the oldest-known members of the entire will be seen on reference to the synonyms ; brilliant blue is the prevailing colour of the males, while the opposite sex is but plainly attired. 385. also 386. Vol Vi, Gl3ap HyLocHARIS SAPPHIRINA é ; Trochilus sapphirinus Vieill. Ency. Méth. O latirostris, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 64. Cynanthus sapphivinus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. 11. p. 147. Hylocharis latirostris, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 19. Sapphironia sapphirina, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 256. Hylocharis sapphirina, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 769. figs. 4780-82 ; Burm. Th. Bras. tom. il. p. 346 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iil. p. 43. Habitat. Brazil. This species arrives in the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro in July, and departs again in November. I have seen specimens from Bahia, Para, and other parts on the Lower Amazon. rn. part ii. p. 570; Licht. Dubl. p. 14. Vol. V. Pl. 343. Hy1LocHaRIs LACTEA : : ; Trochilus sapphirinus, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 61. lazulinus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin. Hylocharis lactea, Cab.et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 43, note; Reich. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 773, figs. 4788-91. Habitat. Eastern and Northern Brazil. . HyLocHARIS CYANEA . : ; : 3 : : : : : : : E Vol. V. Pl. 344. Trochilus azureus, Licht. Dubl. p. 14. Hylocharis cyanea, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 768. figs. 4777-79 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 44. Ornismya bicolor, Less. Hist. Nat. des. Ois.-mou. p. 161, pl. 49, 50°? Id. Traité d’Orn. p. 280?? Id. Les Troch. p- 58, pl. 16?? Habitat. Eastern Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Bahia, where it is stationary. Next to Hylocharis I place the two species of the Genus Sapputronia, Bonap. ; for although one of them has a glittering green breast, I consider it to be more nearly allied to that form than to the Chlorostilbones and their allies. ‘They are very elegant in form; and I believe that the females of both species differ very considerably from the males. I consider this genus to be a very natural one ; yet, strange to say, one of the species (S. ceruleigularis) has a blue breast, while the other is wholly green. 388. 389. the members of which are confined to the West India Islands large size, when compared with those w under surfaces of the males Both are natives of the Andes—one in Central America, the other in New Granada SAPPHIRONIA GouDOTI. . ( ‘ ‘ : Vol. V. Pl. 345 : : : : . . . . 5 ol Vv. . oO. Agyrtria Goudoti, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 763. figs. 4765-66. Lepidopyga Goudoti, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 40, note. Habitat. New Granada. SAPPHIRONIA CHRULEIGULARIS, Gould . ; : : : Vol. V. Pl Agyrtria ceruleigularis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 764. fies. notes | 7 , a Trochilus cyanomelas, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin. Cyanophaia caerulescens, “ Lodd.,” Reichenb. in Mus. Heinean. Hylocharis caerulescens, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 770. fig. 4785 Leprdopyga caeruleigularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil lll. 6 . Habitat. Costa Rica and Panama. — IT now proceed to the venus SPORADINUS, Bonap. By They are very elegant in form, and are of somewhat hi ich precede and follow them. They have deeply-forked tails, and the ar b ril 1a y r, . e brilliantly coloured ; the females, on the other hand, are very sombrely attired. aio iil. 302, ast al tht asi tpn her ines neath Dame (M0 fom: My, 6. vat the NTR OD UC ELON, cix 390. SPORADINUS ELEGANS . i L t : ' d ‘ Dea Wok We Ple S47. Trochilus Swainsoni, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humm. Birds, vol. ii. p. 88. Chlorestes elegans, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 704. f. 4587. Sporadinus elegans, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 25. Habitat. The Island of St. Domingo. 391. Sporapinus Ricorpi. t . : : 4 f a : : ‘ ‘ Vol. V. PI. 348. Chlorestes Raimondiu, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 704. figs. 4584-86. Sporadinus Ricordi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 25, note. Habitat. The Island of Cuba. 392. Sporapinus? Mauve : : : 3 : : ‘ : : : Voli Vo Ri sag. Habitat. Porto Rico. This bird differs somewhat in form from the two preceding species, and it may be found necessary to institute a separate genus for its reception. It isa very rare bird, and the two specimens, male and female, in the collection at the Jardin des Plantes at Paris are the only ones I have ever seen. The little glitterng-green Humming-Birds forming the genera Chlorolampis, Chloristilbon and Panychlora, are very widely spread over the temperate and warmer parts of the South American continent, being found along the whole course of the great Andean range, from Mexico on the north to Bolivia on the south; they also inhabit Brazil, Cayenne, the Guianas, Trinidad, and Venezuela. The sexes differ very considerably in colour in nearly every species,—the males being clothed in a metallic covering, while that of the females is soft in texture and sombre in hue. The members of the Genus Catoroxamptis, Cab., as restricted by me, are distinguished for their deeply forked tails, most of the feathers of which are singularly tipped with dull grey. They range over a great part of Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Veragua, and Panama, where they apparently terminate, as I have never received examples from any part southward of the isthmus. The finest species of the genus is the C. auriceps, a bird of very elegant form, and having a deeply forked tail; most nearly allied to this is the C. Caniveti: both these birds are from Mexico. Following these is the little bird I have named C. Osberti, after Mr. Osbert Salvin; a fourth, from Costa Rica, has been described by Dr. Cabanis as C. Salvini, after the same gentleman. Very considerable difference occurs in the sexes, but more in colour than in form; for the females have the tail forked like that of the males, but to a much less extent. 393. CHLOROLAMPIS AURICEPS. Chlorostilbon auriceps, Gould : : : ' : : : : : ; Vol, Ve Pl 300) Sporadinus auriceps. Bonap, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 255. Trochilus modestus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin ? Chlorolampis auriceps, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 48, note. Halitat. Mexico: locality unknown. 394. CuLoroLAmpis CaAntIvett. Chlorostilbon Caniveti . ‘ : : ; ; : i : : : : : Vol. V. Pl. 351. Chlorestes Canweti, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 703. figs. 4581-83. Chlorolampis Canweti, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 47, note. Habitat. Southern Mexico and Guatemala ? 395. CHLOROLAMPIS OsBERTI, Gould. Chlorostilbon Osberti, Gould : : ; : i : ; : : : : Well, Wi. IAL S59. Habitat. The neighbourhood of Duenas in Guatemala. 396. CHLOROLAMPIS SALVINI, Cab. Chlorolampis Salvini, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil i. p. 48. Habitat. Costa Rica, according to Dr. Cabanis. The C. Salvini is nearly allied to C. Osberti and to C. Caniveti, but I believe it to be distinct from both. The 2F eee il NE Tb CO) 1D) UGE EW) NE e their four central tail-feathers tipped with bronzy green ; but this colour appears ‘reshly ed adult males hav , ne I believe this bird is also found at Panama. to fade upon exposure to light, leaving the tail nearly black. Genus Cxuiorostitpon, Gould. (XAwpos, viridis, et ariABo, COrusco. ) er this generic appellation, for a form of which I always intended the C. prasinus to be the type, I have Und yo Birds ; but I now see the necessity of subdividing them ; I shall fixvred the whole of the little green Humming- therefore restrict the term to the following species—angustipenns, Haeberlini, . : . r, Cabanis’s genus Panychlora for Alici brevicaudatus, Napensis, Peruanus, Daphne, and chrysogaster, and adopt Dr g y ici@, Phaéthon, aurewentris, prasinus, Atala, euchloris, Poortmanni, and stenura. Vol. V. Pl. 353. 397. CHLOROSTILBON ANGUSTIPENNIS Habitat. Panama and New Granada. 398. CHLOROSTILBON HAEBERLINI. Chlorolampis chrysogaster, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 47. Trochilus Haeberlinii, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin. Chlorestes Haeberlinii, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 703. figs. 4578-80. Chlorolampis Haeberlini, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 48, note. Habitat. Carthagena. I have had the original of C. Haeberlini sent to me from Berlin, and I find it to be a very elegantly formed bird, nearly allied to, but quite distinct from, C. angustipennis. It differs in having the glittering green of the under surface washed with blue, a shorter wing, and a still more deeply forked tail, the feathers of which are steely-green, and not so dark as in that species. It is said to be from Carthagena. 399. CHLOROSTILBON PHAETHON . ; : : ‘ : : : : Vol. V. Pl. 354. Habitat. Bolivia, Southern Brazil, and La Plata. Since writing my account of this species, in which I expressed my belief that the Ornismyia aurewentris of D’Orbigny and Lafresnaye was identical with it, I have carefully re-examined my specimens from the above-named countries, together with an example collected by Mr. Bridges, and I am now inclined to believe the O. aurewventris to be distinct ; but as it merely differs in being of smaller size in all its admeasurements, it will not be necessary for me to figure it. 400. CHLOROSTILBON AUREIVENTRIS. Ormsmyia aurewentris, D’Orb. et Lafresn. Hylocharis aurewentris, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 255. Habitat. Bolivia and Peru. 401. CHLOROSTILBON PRASINUS . : : E Vol. V. Pl. 355. Trochilus Pucherani, Bourc. et Muls. Rev. Zool. 1848, tom. ii. [On 7. Hylocharis pucherani, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p- 255. Chlorestes Pucherani, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 755. fig. 4736. Trochilus nitidissimus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin. Hylocharis prasina, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 350. Chlorestes nitidissimus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p- 7; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 693. figs. 4538-39. Trochilus lamprus, “ Nat.” in Mus. of Munich. : Chlorostilbon nitidissimus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 47. Ornismya Galathea, Bourc. et Muls. in Mus. of Paris. Trochilus viridissimus, Linn. in Mus. of Berlin (young). n my account of this species I stated that, owing to its being impossible to determine to what bird Lesson had give na he : given the name of prasinus; I should apply it to the one generally known by that term among collectors—the bird so common in the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes, &c. From Dr. Cabanis we learn that it has been named aces mitidissimus by Lichtenstein in the Museum of Berlin, and Vrochilus lamprus, Natt. in the Museum of Munich; but had either of these names been published to the world before Dr. Cabanis included it in um’ under the name of Chlorostilbon nitidissimus ? must certainly give place to M. Bourcier’s previously publishe his ‘Museum Heinean If not, and prasinus be rejected, that term d one of Pucherani, which I find, from the type it has is ie 405, 0 ft ENTROD UCT TON: CX1 specimen now before me, was given to a young male of this species. Refer to my account of this species, and of C. Atala. 402. CHLOROSTILBON IGNEUS, Gould. Habitat. Supposed to be the neighbourhood of Para. Crown of the head glittering orange ; back of the neck and upper surface fiery orange, becoming more intense on the wing-coverts ; throat and chest glittering bluish green, gradually passing into the fiery orange of the flanks and abdomen ; under tail-coverts green, tinged with orange ; wings purplish brown; tail purplish black ; bill fleshy red at the base; gradually passing into the black of the tip. This bird is about the same size as C. prasinus, but differs from that species in the fiery colouring above described, and in the tail being purplish- instead of steel-black. This is the bird mentioned, in my account of C. prasinus, as having been sent to me by Mr. Reeves, of Rio de Janeiro. It is one of the most beautiful species of the family. 403. CHLOROSTILBON ATALA . : : : : : : ; ; : : ; : Vol. V. Pl. 356. Chlorestes Atala, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 700. fig. 4568. Habitat. The Island of Trinidad, and Venezuela. I find that Venezuelan specimens differ a little from those of Trinidad, the green of the upper and under sur- face being more golden; still I have no doubt of their being identical. 404. CHLOoROSTILBON DAPHNE. Trochilus Daphne, Bourcier. Habitat. Peru. I consider this to be a distinct species: it is very nearly allied to the Cayenne bird C. Atala of this work ; but it has a more square tail, with the green of the chest strongly tinged with blue. I have M. Bourcier’s type, which is labelled ‘ Voyage de Castelnau, Pampas del Sacramento.’ 405. CHLOROSTILBON PERUANUS, Gould. Habitat. Peru. Bill black ; crown, throat, and all the under surface glittering orange-green; upper surface bronzy green; wings brown; tail purplish black. Total length 31 inches; bill 2; wing 12; tail 11. This, one of the black-billed species, has even a more rounded tail than C. Daphne, from which it differs in its larger size and in having a longer bill, and especially in the glittering orange-green colouring of its breast, which in C. Daphne is blue. The C. chrysogaster has a somewhat forked steely-black tail; in other respects the two birds are very similar. 406. CuLorosTILBoN Napensis, Gould. Habitat. The banks of the River Napo. This species is very similar to, but smaller than C. Daphne, has a still shorter tail, and the blue of the breast not so extended, or confined to the throat. 407. CHLOROSTILBON BREVICAUDATUS, Gould. Habitat. Cayenne. This bird is very similar to the C. Atala of Trinidad, has the same glittering green-coloured breast, but has a short and more truncate-formed tail, more so than C. Daphne or C. Napensis. 408. CHLOROSTILBON CHRYSOGASTER. Trochilus chrysogaster, Bourc. Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, 1843, p. 40; Id. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 101. Hylocharis chrysogaster, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 115, Hylocharis, sp. 43; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Ay. tom. i. p. 74, Hylocharis, sp. 2. Chlorestes chrysogaster, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 693. figs. 4540-41. prasinus, fem. Id. ibid. pl. 755. fig. 4737 ? Trochilus puber, Siebold in Mus. Monac. (Cabanis). Chlorolampis chrysogastra, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 47. Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part xxviii. p. 308 ? Chlorolampis smaragdina, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 48? ~ INTRODUCTION. List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Pallatanga,” in Proc. Zool. Soc. part xxvii. “hlorostilbon atala, Sclat. “ : ss Chlorosti d by Mr. Fraser at Puellaro,” in Proc. Zool. Soc. part xxviii. p. 94. p. 145; Id. “ List of Birds collecte Habitat. New Granada and Ecuador. In my description of C. angustipennis I stat put I have since more closely I also believe that the C. chrysogaster and my C. melanorhynchus are one and the ed that I considered the Trochilus chrysogaster of M. Bourcier to be i i species ; investigated the matter, and I now believe that this identical with that species ; opinion was an erroneous one. e bird; for I find little or no difference in the specimens from Panama, New Granada, and Ecuador. I further > sam i i d Heine’s ‘Museum Heineanum > is also referable to it. think it likely that the C. smaragdina of MM. Cabanis an 409. CHLOROSTILBON ASSIMILIS, Lawr. Chlorostilbon assimilis, Lawr. Ann. of Lye. of Nat. Hist. in New York, 1860, p. 292. Habitat. Panama. The following is Mr. Lawrence’s description of his 1 golden-green ; tail dar C. assimilis, and his remarks on the species :—“ The entire upper plumage is of bronze or dul k steel-blue; wings brownish purple; under plumage golden on the abdomen, and on the throat of a bluish a; tibial feathers brown ; bill and feet black. brilliant green green; under tail-coverts grass-green ; a a 5 ) small white spot on the pleur “Length 3 inches, wing 17s; tail 1-!,, bill —%. «This species is somewhat like C. melanorhynchus, Gould [chrysogaster], but is smaller, and the crown is uniform in colour with the back, not brilliant. tail less forked, with the feathers narrower.” The latter species is also more golden on the abdomen, and has the 410, CHLOROSTILBON NITENS, Lawr. Chlorostilbon nitens, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, April 22, 1861. << Habitat. Venezuela. “Front and crown golden yellowish-green, very brilliant ; back and wing-coverts shining bronzed green, lower part of back and upper tail-coverts shining grass-green; under plumage brilliant green, of a bluish shade on the throat, and golden on the abdomen ; tail steel-blue and forked; wings brownish-purple ; tarsi clothed with blackish feathers ; under tail-coverts bright grass-green ; upper mandible black, the under yellowish for two-thirds its length, with the end black ; feet black. «Length 3 inches, wing 14, tail 14, bill =. “ Allied to C. chrysogaster, but is smaller, and has a very brilliant crown.” Among the smallest of the Trochilide are the members of the form to which Dr. Cabanis has given the name of Panychlora. They are all inhabitants of New Granada and Venezuela, and are known by the specific names of Alicia, euchloris, Poortmanni, and stenura. They are distinguished by their dull-green colouring, the extreme shortness of their tails, and by the great difference in the colouring of the sexes. Genus Panycuuora, Cad. nr 2 . . . . . The members of this genus form a very natural section among the little green Humming-Birds, very perceptible to those who have paid attention to this group of birds. 411. PanycHLora ALICL&. Chlorostilbon Aliciz ; : : é : : ; ; : ; Vol. V. Pl. 357. Chlorestes Aliciae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p 4, pl. 754. figs. 4732-33. Trochilus erypturus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin. Panychlora Aliciae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. p. 50, note. aurata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 50. Smaragdites maculicollis, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7. Chlorestes maculicollis, Id. ibid. p. 24; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 694. figs. 4545-46; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 49, note. Habitat. Venezuela and New Granada. 412. PANYCHLORA EUCHLORIS. Smaragdites euchloris, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7. Chlorestes euchloris, Reichenb. ibid. p. 23; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 694. fig. 4544 Habitat. New Granada ? ‘ 6 muodera tal, 45,8) Ha IEN?E RO DU 6 ET ON. CXill There is a specimen in the Berlin Museum with a broken bill. In size it is rather larger than Alicia, the tail is more forked, and the two outer feathers more pointed; all the feathers have a purplish hue, as seen in Poortmanni, and the glittering feathers of the body are of a dull golden purplish green, as in that species. 413. PANYCHLORA STENURA, Cab. Panychlora stenura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 56, note. Chlorostilbon acuticaudus, Gould in Proc. Zool. Soc. part xxviii. p. 308. Habitat. Merida in New Granada. This species is fully equal in size to the last, has a more lengthened bill, and the outer tail-feathers are much more pointed. 414. PANYyCHLORA PooRTMANNTI. Chlorostilbon Poortmanni i ; : / : : : ; ‘ : : : Vol. V. Pl. 358. Ornsmya Esmeralda, Less. in Mus. Heinean. Smaragdites Esmeralda, Reich. Aufz. der Col. p. 7. Chlorostilbon Esmeralda, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 694. figs: 4542-43. Panychlora Poortmanni, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 50. Habitat. New Granada. I shall close this account of the little green Humming-Birds with a description of the extraordinary species sent to me by Mr. Reeves of Rio de Janeiro, and which I have described, in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ as Calliphlox ? widescens. Its iridescent green colouring would indicate that it belongs to this section ; while its comparatively small wings and short tail ally it to Calliphlox ; but as it is not strictly referable to either genus, I propose for it a separate distinctive appellation, and provisionally place here the Genus Smaraapocurysis, Gould. (Zpapaydos, smaragdus, et xpicos, aurum.) Generic characters. Male.—Bill longer than the head, straight and slender; wings small, primaries narrow and rigid; tail of moderate size and deeply forked; tarsi clothed ; feet small ; hind toe and nail nearly as long as the middle toe and nail. 415. SMARAGDOCHRYSIS IRIDESCENS, Gould . . : 3 2 ; i 3 f i Vol. V. Pl. 359. Habitat. The virgin forests of the interior of Brazil. Genus Puiocorniuus, Gould. (®roE [Paroyos ], nomen flore, et Pidros, amicus. ) Generic characters. Male.— Bill straight ; wings ample and rather rounded ; tarsi long for a Humming-Bird, and bare ; tail rather large and rounded ; hind toe and nail shorter than the middle toe and nail. The specimen from which the above characters were taken differs from every other known Humming-Bird in its more lengthened tarsi, and in the colouring of its rounded tail. The bird, which is immature, was received from the borders of the River Napo. 416. PHLOGOPHILUS HEMILEUCURUS, Gould . : : ; : : ; ; : : Vol. V. Pl. 360. Habitat. The banks of the River Napo ? In placing this bird at the end of my Monograph of the Trochilide, I do not wish it to be understood that this is its proper situation. I cannot imagine what the adult will be like, and consequently cannot tell to which genus of the family it is allied; but I believe, to Adelomyia. Note.—In the body of the work, Columbia has been given as the habitat of many of the species; but in this Introduction, Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador have been substituted, as the case required, for that more general term. A difference of opinion exists as to the correct spelling of New Granada,—some considering that it should be Grenada, and others Granada; the latter has been adopted in this Intro- duction, while in the body of the work it is usually, if not always, spelt Grenada. 2ea@ INTRODUCTION. The Index to the specific names of Humming-Birds comprises every term of this kind with which | am acquainted. Among them are some which are not e ific appellations occurring ‘1 the works of the older and a few of the more modern authors, which ossible to ascertain to what birds they have been applied. It is but fair to state and Heine, and the Chlorestes zolaimus of Reichenbach appear lsewhere mentioned in this Introduction ; these are the spec I have found it quite imp that the Urolampra chloropogon of Cabanis from the descriptions and figures to be good species ; unable to speak positively respecting them ; I shall, however, keep the subject of the Humming-Birds con- re me, and, when desirable, place my remarks upon these, and any novelties that may occur ? but, as I have not seen the typical examples, I am stantly befo before the scientific world. At page xvii I have stated that the Humming-Birds, like the Swifts, have ample wings and vast powers ar contradictory to the remarks made on the wing-powers of Selasphorus rufus of flight. As this may appe and Trochilus Colubris at page xili, it will be as well to state, what I meant to convey is that their ample wings and bony structure is admirably adapted for sustaining them in the air for a considerable time, rather % than for enabling them to take long flights from one country to another. Bone, Bor Bontp Bonap Bonn, Boron Bowe, EXPLANATION OF LIST OF THE AUTHORS THE AND AND ABBREVIATIONS, WORKS REFERRED TO. Albin.— Albin, Natural History of Birds. Aud. Birds of Am.—Audubon, Birds of America. Aud. Orn. Bio.—Audubon, Ornithological Biography. Aud. Syn. Birds of Am.—Audubon, Synopsis of the Birds of America. Aud. et Vieill—Audebert et Vieillot, Oiseaux dorés, ou a reflets mé- talliques. Azara Voy. dans lAmér. Mér. Sonn. edit.—Azara, Voyage dans ? Amérique méridionale, Sonnini’s edition. Banc. Hist. of Guiana.—Bancroft, Natural History of Guiana. Bodd.— Boddaert, Table de Planches enluminées d’ Histoire Naturelle de M. D’ Aubenton. Boié, in Oken’s Isis. Boiss. Mag. de Zool.—Boissoneau, in Magasin de Zoologie. Boiss. Rev. Zool.—Boissoneau, in Revue Zoologique. Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av.—Bonaparte, Conspectus Generum Avium. Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool.—Bonaparte, Con- spectus Trochilorum, in Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool.—Bonaparte, in Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. Bonap. Syn. Birds of U. States.—Bonaparte, Synopsis of the Birds of the United States. Bonn. et Vieill—Bonnaterre and Vieillot, in Tableau Encyclopédie Meéthodique, Part III. Ornithologie. Borowsk.— Borowski, Vogel. Boure. Ann. de la Soc. d’Agr. Hist. Nat. etc. de Lyon.—Bourcier, in Annales de la Société d’ Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle, etc. de Lyon. Boure. Ann. Sci. Phys. et Nat. de Lyon.—Bourcier, in Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de Lyon. Bource. Compt. Rend. de l’Acad. des Sci.—Bourcier, in Comptes Ren- dus de ’ Académie des Sciences. Boure. in Proc. Zool. Soc.—Bourcier, in the Proceedings of the Zoo- logical Society of London. Boure. Rev. Zool. Bourcier, in Revue Zoologique. Boure. et Muls.—Bourcier and Mulsant, in Revue Zoologique. Bource. et Muls. Ann. de la Soc. Sci. de Lyons.—Bourcier and Mulsant, in Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de Lyon. Boure. et Muls. Ann. de l’Acad. Sci. Bell. Lett. et Arts de Lyon.— Bourcier and Mulsant, in Annales de ? Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon. Boure. et Muls. Ann. de la Soc. Linn. de Lyon.—Bourcier and Mul- sant, in Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. Brandt, Icon. Av. Ross.—Brandt, Descriptiones et Icones Animalium Rossicorum, etc. Bridges, Proc. of Zool. Soc.—Bridges, in the Proceedings of the Zoo- logical Society of London. Briss. Orn.— Brisson, Ornithologie. Brown. Nat. Hist. of Jam.—Browne, The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica. Bryant, List of Birds seen at the Bahamas. Buff. Hist. Nat. des Ois.— Buffon, Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux. Buff. Sonn. edit.—Sonnini’s edit. of Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux. Buff. Pl. Enl.—Buffon’s Planches Enluminées. Burm. Th. Bras.—Burmeister, Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens. Cab. and Cab. et Hein.—Dr. Cabanis and Ferdinand Heine, Museum Heineanum. Cab. or Cabanis in Rich. Schomb. Reisen in Brit. Guian.—Cadanis, in Schomburgk’s Reisen in Britisch Guiana. Cabot in Proc. of Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist—Cabot, in the Proceed- ings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Cassin, Il. Birds of California.—Cassin, Illustrations of the Birds of California. Cuv. Régn. Anim.—Cuvier, Reyne Animal. Darwin, Zool. of Beagle——Darwin, The Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. 8. Beagle, Part II. Birds, by John Gould. Da Silva, Maia Minerva Brasiliensis. Delatt. Echo du Monde Savant.—Delattre, in L?Echo du Monde Savant. Delatt. in Rev. Zool.—Delattre, in Revue Zoologique. Delatt. et Boure. Rev. Zool.—Delattre and Bourcier, in Revue Zoolo- gique. Delatt. et Less. Rev. Zool.—Delattre and Lesson, in Revue Zoologique. De Longuem. Rey. Zool.—De Longuemare, in Revue Zoologique. Dev. Rev. et Mag. de Zool.—Deville, in Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. D’Orb. Voy. dans Amér. Mérid. Ois.—D?Orbigny, Voyage dans Amérique Méridionale: Oiseaux. D’Orb. et Lafres. Syn.—D’ Orbigny et Lafresnaye, Synopsis Avium. Drapiez, Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat.—Drapiez, in Le Dictionnaire Classique @ Histoire Naturelle. Dubus, Esquisses Orn.— Dubus, Esquisses Ornithologiques. Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat.—Dumont de St. Croix, in Le Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. Edwards, Birds, or Nat. Hist. of Birds.—Edwards, Natural Mistory of uncommon Birds. Edw. Glean. or Glean. of Nat. Hist—Edwards, Gleanings of Natural Mistory. Ferm. Surmam.—Fermin, Histoire Naturelle de Surinam. Fras. in Proc. Zool. Soc.—Fraser, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London., Gambel, Notes on Californian Birds. Gambel, in Proc. of Acad. Sci. Philad.—Gamdbel, in the Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia. Gerv. Mag. de Zool.—Gervais, in Le Magasin de Zoologie. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat.— Gmelin’s edition of Linneus’s Systema Nature. Gosse, Birds of Jamaica. Gosse, Ill. Birds of Jam.—Gosse, Ilustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. Gould, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.—Gould, in the Annals and Maga- zine of Natural History. Gould, in Jard. Contr. to Orn.— Gould, in Jardine’s Contributions to Ornithology. Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc.— Gould, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Gould, in Rep. Brit. Assoc.—Gould, in the Report of the British Asso- ciation. Gould, Zool. of Beagle-—Gould, in Zoology of the Voyage of H. M.S. Beagle, Part III. Birds. Gray, Cat. of Gen. and Sub-gen. of Birds in Brit. Mus.—G. R. Gray, Catalogue of the Genera and Sub-genera of Birds contained in the British Museum. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds.—G. R. Gray, List of the Genera of Birds. Gray and Mitch.—Gray and Mitchell, The Genera of Birds. Gundl. in Cab. Journ. fiir Orn.— Gundlach, in Cabanis’s Journal fiir Ornithologie. Hill, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.—Hill, in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Jard. or Jardine in the Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.—Jardine, in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Jard. Cont. to Orn.—Jardine, Contributions to Ornithology. 2H Jard. Nat. Lib. Humm. Birds.—Jardine, Naturalist?’s Library, Hum- ming-Birds. King in Proc. of Comm. of Sci. and Corr. of Zool. Soc.—King, in the Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London. Klein, Av. o7 Aves.—Klein, Historie Avium Prodromus. Lath. Gen. Hist.—Latham, General History of Birds. Lath. Gen. Syn.—Latham, General Synopsis of Birds. Lath. Ind. Orn.—Latham, Index Ornithologicus. Lawr. in Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York.—Lawrence, in Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History in New York. Lembeye, Aves de l’Isle de Cuba. Léry, Voyage au Brésil. Less. Ann. Sci. Nat.—Lesson, in Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Less. Col.—Lesson, Histoire Naturelle des Colibris. Less. Echo du Monde Savant.—Lesson, in ? Echo du Monde Savant. Less. Hist. Nat. des Col.—Lesson, Histoire Naturelle des Colibris. Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois.-mou.—Lesson, Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux- mouches. Less. Ill. Zool.—Lesson, Illustrations de Zoologie. Less. Ind. Gén. et Syn. des Ois. du Gen. Trochilus.—Lesson, Index Général et Synoptique des Oiseaua du Genre Trochilus. Less. Les Troch.—Lesson, Les Trochilidées. Less. Man. @’Orn.—Lesson; Manuel d? Ornithologie. Less. Ois.-mou. Vélins.—Lesson’s unpublished additions to his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches. Less. Rev. Zool.—Lesson, in Revue Zoologique. Less. Supp. Hist. Nat. des Ois.-mou.—Lesson, Supplément a I Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches. Less. Tab. des Esp. des Ois.-mou.—Lesson, Tableau des Espéces des D Oiseaux-mouches. Less. Traité @’Orn.—Lesson, Traité @ Ornithologie. Less. Voy. de la Coq.—Lesson, in Le Voyage de la Coquille. Less. et Delatt. Rev. Zool.—Lesson and De Lattre, in Revue Zoologique. Less. et Garn. Voy. de la Coq.—Lesson and Garnot, in Le Voyage de la Coquille. Licht. Cat. of Birds in Mus. of Berlin.—Lichtenstein, Catalogue of the Birds in the Museum of Berlin. Licht. Ermann, Verz. von Thier. und Pflanz.—Aélas zu Ermann’s Reise um die Welt. Licht. in Mus. Berlin.—Lichtenstein, in the Berlin Museum. Licht. in Mus. Berol.—Lichtenstein, in the Berlin Museum. Licht. Preis-Verz. Mexican. Thier. v. Deppe und Schiede.—Lichten- stein, Preis-Verzeichniss der Thiere und Vogel, welche von Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden sind. Licht. Nordm. Erm. Reis. Atl— Alas zu Ermann’s Reise um die Welt. Licht. Verz. der Dubl.—Lichtenstein, Verzeichniss der Dubletten des zoologischen Museums der Koénigl. Universitit zu Berlin. Linn. Syst. Nat.—Linneus’s Systema Nature. Lodd.—Loddiges. Lodd. in Proc. of Comm. of Sci. and Corr. of Zool. Soc.—Loddiges, in the Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Corre- spondence of the Zoological Society of London. Lodd. MSS.—Loddiges’ Manuscripts. Longuem. Rev. Zool.—Longuemare, in Revue Zoologique. Long. et Parz. Rev. Zool.—Longuemare and Parzudaki, in Revue Zoologique. Martin.—WV.. C. L. Martin, A General History of Humming-Birds. Mol. Hist. of Chili—Molina, History of Chili. Montes de Oca in Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad—Montes de Oca, in the Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia. Mus. Carls.—Museum Carlsonianum. Mus. Gotzian. Dresden.—The Gotzian Museum, Dresden. Natt. in Mus. Vindob.—WNatterer, in the Vienna Museum. Nutt. Man. Orn.— Nuttall, Manual of Ornithology. Parz. Rev. Zool.—Parzudaki, in Revue Zoologique. Parzudaki, List of the Trochilide. Pelzeln, Sitz. Acad. Wien.—Pelzeln, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiser- lichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Penn. Arct. Zool.— Pennant, Arctic Zoology. Prince Max.—Prince Maximilian zu Wied, Beitrige zur Natur- geschichte von Brasilien. Pr. Max. Trav.—Prince Mazimilian’s Travels. Prinz Maximilian von Wied, Reise nach Brasilien. Rau.—Ray, in Willughby’s Ornithologia. Ramon po sa Hist. de Cuba.—Ramon de la Sagra, History of Reich. Av. Syst. Nat.—Reichenbach’s Avium Systema Nature. Reich. and Reichenb. Aufz. der Col.—Reichenbach, Aufzihlung der Colibris oder Trochilideen, &c., in Cabanis’s Journal Siir Ornithologie. Reichenb. in Mus. Heinean.—Reichenbach, in Heine’s Museum. Reichenb. Troch. Enum.—Reichenbach, Trochilinarum Enumeratio. Sagra, Hist. de Cub.—Ramon de la Sagra, Historia fisica, politica y natural de la Isla de Cuba. Sallé, Liste des Oiseaux. Sallé, Rev. Zool.—Sallé, in Revue Zoologique. Saly. in Ibis.—Salvin, in The Ibis. Salv. in Proc. Zool. Soc.—Salvin, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Lundon. Saly. and Sclat. in Proc. Zool. Soc.—Salvin and Sclater, in the Pro- ceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Saucerotte in Mus. Heinean.—Saucerotte, in Heine’s Museum. Sauce. or Saucer. MSS.—Saucerotte, MSS. Schmidt, Vogel. Schomb. Hist. of Barbadoes.—Sir Richard Schomburgk, History of Barbadoes. Sclat. Proc. Zool. Soc.—Selater, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Sclat. and Salv. in Ibis.—Sclater and Salvin, in The Ibis. Shaw, Gen. Zool.—Shaw’s General Zoology. Shaw, Mus. Ley. or Leverianum.—Shaw, Museum Leverianum. Shaw, Nat. Mise.—Shaw, Naturalists’ Miscellany. Siebold in Mus. Monac.—Stedold, in the Munich Museum. Sloane, Jam.—Sir Hans Sloane, History of Jamaica. Sonn. Giuvres de Buff.—Cuvres de Buffon, édition par Sonnini. Spalowsk. Végel.—Spalowsky, Vogel. Spix, Av. Sp. Nov. Bras. | Spiz, Aviwm species nove in Itinere per Spix, Av. Bras. Brasiham. Steph. Cont. Shaw’s Gen. Zool.—Stephens’s Continuation of Shaw’s General Zoology. Swains. in Ann. Phil—Swainson, in the Annals of Philosophy. Swains. Birds of Brazil.--Swainson, Birds of Brazil. Swains. Class. of Birds.—Swainson, Classification of Birds, in Lard- ner’s Cabinet Cyclopedia. Swains. in Phil. Mag.—Swainson, in the Philosophical Magazine. Swains. Syn. Birds of Mexico, in Phil. Mag.—Swainson’s Synopsis of the Birds of Mexico, in the Philosophical Magazine. Swains. Zool. [1l—Swainson, Zoological Illustrations. Swains. Zool. Journ.—Swainson, in the Zoological Journal. Swains. and Rich. Faun. Bor.-Am.—Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Boreali- Americana, vol. %. Birds. Thévet, les Singularities de la France Antarctique. Temm. Man. d’Orn. 2" édit.—Zemminck’s Manuel d? Ornithologie, second edition. Temm. in Mus. Leyden.—Temminck, in the Leyden Museum. Temm. Pl. Col.—Temminck, Planches Coloriées d’ Oiseaux. Tschudi, Consp. Av.—Tschudi, Conspectus Avium. Tschudi, Faun. Per.—Tschudi, Fauna Peruana. Turt. edit.—Turton’s edition of Linneus’s Systema Nature. Valence. Dict. Sci. Nat.— Valenciennes, in Le Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. Verr. MS.—Verreaua’s Manuscripts. Vieill. Dict. Sci. Nat.— Vieillot, in Le Dictionnaire des Sciences Natu- relles. Vieill. Eney. Méth. Orn.— Vieillot, Tableau Encyclopédie Méthodique, Part TE. Ornithologie. Vieill. Gal. des Ois.—Vieillot, Galerie des Oiseaux. Vieill. Nouv. Dict. @ Hist. Nat.—Vieillot, in Le Nouveau Dictionnaire @ Histoire Naturelle. Vieill. Ois. de PAm. Sept.—Vieillot, Oiseauw de ? Amérique Septen- trionale. Vieill, Ois. chant. des Amér.— Vieillot, Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux an chanteurs de la zone torride. te ae ome Cheat dorés ou a reflets métalliques. os materre and Vieillot, in Tableau Encyclopédie ya Méthodique, Part LIT. Ornithologie. Vig. in Zool. Journ.— Vigors, in the Zoological Journal. Voy. de la Vénus.— Voyage de la Vénus. Willughby.—Willughby, Ornithologia. ui ils. Am. Orn.— Wilson, American Ornithology. Zool. of Beagle.—The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, Part IIT. Birds, by John Gould. (i ypu i Fatoser (i Glan il — if hh —Ik =] —k —h Three —(é —i Dhuéthe —I —l i —ln —k a —hi —( —i —k —(i — —\; 1 —4 a 1 Dye =i oy A 1 —\ =n = i li 1 ~I al = al) Laney Sheng ~o Cay >] | ~y LIST OF GENERIC AND SPECIFIC NAMES ADOPTED, WITH A REFERENCE TO THE PAGES IN THE INTRODUCTION IN WHICH THEY WILL BE FOUND. Grypus nevius . Spixi Eutoxeres Aquila Condaminel Glaucis hirsuta . Mazeppa . affinis . lanceolata . —— melanura . omni ——— 1d keval Fraseri . Threnetes leucurus . cervinicauda . Antoniz 5 Phaéthornis Eurynome malaris . consobrina fratercula . longirostris syrmatophora. Boliviana . —— Philippi hispida . —— Oseryi . anthophila Bourcieri . — Guyi Se Bnnhices —— Yaruqui superciliosa —— Augusti squalida Dx, mn] 7 Pygmornis Longuemarei . amaura —— Aspasize zonura . — Adolphi egriseogularis . striigularis — Idalie . nigricincta —— Episcopus rufiventris — Eremita jee) Gg Eupetomena macroura Sphenoproctus Pampa curyipennis Campylopterus lazulus hemileucurus. ensipennis . splendens . —— Villavicencio . latipennis . —— Aiquatorialis . obscurus . rufus Page ; XXXV1 ab. XXXVil 2b. XXXVill ab. ab. 2b. ab. 2b. 2b. ab. XXXLX ab. 2b. ab. 2b. xl 2b. 1b. 1b. 2b. xli 2b. ab. 2b. 2b. 2b. 26. 2b. xlii 2b. 2b. ab. xliii 2b. 2b. 2b. 26. 2b. 2b. 2b. xliv ab. 2b. 0b. xly ab. 2b. xlvi ab. 2b. 26. 2b. xlvii ab. ab. 0b. Campylopterus hyperythrus . Pheochroa Cuvieri Roberti Aphantochroa cirrhochloris . gularis . Dolerisca fallax . ceryina . Urochroa Bougueri Sternoclyta cyaneipectus . Eugenes fulgens Ceeligena Clemencie . Lamprolema Rhami Delattria Henrici viridipallens . Heliopzedica melanotis Xantusi Topaza Pella Pyra ae a Oreotrochilus Chimborazo Pichincha . Estelle . leucopleurus . melanogaster . Adele . Lampornis Mango . iridescens . Prevosti Veraguensis . gramineus . viridis . aurulentus virginalis . porphyrurus . Eulampis jugularis . holosericeus . chlorolemus . longirostris Lafresnaya flavicaudata Gayi Saule . Doryfera Johanne . Ludovicie . rectirostris . Chalybura Buffoni . urochrysia ceruleogaster ? Tsauree lolema frontalis Schreibersi Heliodoxa jacula Jamesoni . Leadbeatera Otero . splendens . grata. > . Aithurus Polytmus Thalurania glaucopis . Watertoni. furcata . A Page xlvii ab. 1b. xlvili ab. 2b. 2b. 2b. xlix 2b. 1 ab. 2b. 2b. li ab. 0. 2. lit 2b. 2b. 2b. hii 26. 0b. 2b. 2b. 2b. 16. 0b. liv 0b. 2b. ab. ab. 1. lv 2b. 20. 2b. lvi 2b. 2b. lvii ab. 26. 2b. lvili 2b. 0b. ab. ab. ab. lix 2b. 2. ab. 2b. Thalurania furcatoides forficata refulgens . —— Tschudii —— nigrofasciata . —— venusta — Columbica —— verticeps —— Fannie —— Eriphyle tWagleri . Panoplites Jardinei flavescens . Mathewsi . Florisuga mellivora flabellifera atra . Microchera albocoronata . Lophornis ornatus . Gouldi . magnificus Regulus lophotes Delattrei . Regine Helene : Polemistria chalybea . Verreauxi . Discura longicauda. Prymnacantha Popelairei. Gouldia Langsdorffii Conversi Bettie (0). Trochilus Colubris . Alexandri . Mellisuga minima . Calypte Coste Anne . Helene Selasphorus rufus . Scintilla —— Floresii phatycercus Atthis Heloise . Stellula Calliope Calothorax cyanopogon pulcher Acestrura Mulsanti decorata — Heliodori . micrura Cheetocercus Rose . Jourdani Myrtis Fannie . Yarrelli Thaumastura Core. Rhodopis vespera Doricha Elize Page lx 2b. 2. ab. ab. 2b. ab. 2b. 2b. 2b. lxi 1b. 2b. 0b. ab. 0b. lxii 0b. 0b. ab. Lxiii ab. 26. 2b. 26. 0b. 2. 2b. 2b. lxiv 2b. 2b. ab. ab. 2b. ab. lxy 2b. ab. ab. 0b. 0b. 1b. 20. xvi 1b 2. 2b. lxvii ab. 0b. 2. ab. 0b. ab. 0b. lxvili 16. Doricha Evelyne enicura. Tryphena Duponti Calliphlox amethystina amethystoides 2 Mitchelli Loddigesia mirabilis Spathura Underwoodi melananthera Peruana —— rufocaligata cissiura Lesbia Gouldi gracilis . Nir) —— Amaryllis . eucharis Cynanthus cyanurus ccelestis Mocoa . Cometes sparganurus Phaon —— 1? Glyceria . (Carolee. so55 | Pterophanes Temmincki . Agleactis cupripennis . AEquatorialis . parvula caumatonota Castelnaudi Pamela Oxypogon Guerini . ener ee Ramphomicron heteropogon. Stanley Valea ee encant TUUMEIS 0 a: microrhynchum . Urosticte Benjamini Metallura cupreicauda eeneicauda . Vall lramn Primolii —— tyrianthina Oinimensiss = smaragdinicollis . Adelomyia inornata melanogenys . maculata Avocettinus eurypterus Avocettula recurvirostris . Anthocephala floriceps 2 castaneiventris . Chrysolampis moschitus Orthorhynchus cristatus ornatus exligues Cephalepis Delalandi . Loddigesi . Klais Guimeti Myiabeillia typica . Heliactin cornuta Heliothrix aurita auriculata phainolema Barroti violifrons Schistes Geoffroyi personata . albigularis Augastes scutatus Lumachellus . Petasophora serrirostris Anais iolata coruscans thalassina . cyanotus Delphine . Polytmus virescens . Page Ixyili 2b. Ixix Ixx 1b. ab. 0b. lxxi ab. 2b. ab. 2b. ab. 0b. 2b. 0b. lxxii ab. 0b. 0. lxxiil 2b. 2b. 0b. lxxiy ab. ab 1b. ab. 20. Ixxv ab. ab. lxxvi 1b. 2b. ab. ab. ab. 2b. lxxvil 2b. 2b. ab. 2b. 2b. Ixxvili 2b. 2b. ab. ab. 2b. 2b. lxxix ab. ib. lxxx 2b. 1b. 2b. Ixxxi 2b. 2b. Ixxxil ab. 2b. ab. 2b. ab. Ixxxili 2. 2b. 2b. ab. lxxxiv 2b. 2b. 2b. 2. 2b. Ixxxy CXVill Polytmus viridissimus Patagona gigas Docimastes ensiferus Eugenia Imperatrix Helianthea typica Bonapartei === JBOs « Lutetiz wollen, 5 o ¢ Heliotrypha Parzudaki VWiOlaw ise ne. Heliangelus Clarissee strophianus Spencei ; amethysticollis Mavors. Diphlogena Iris Aurora. Clytolema rubinea . ? aurescens Bourcieria torquata fulgidigula insectivora ——— (Cloyauiarehi Inca : Lampropygia cceligena Boliviana purpurea ——_ Prunellei Wilsoni : Heliomaster longirostris Stuartee —— Sclateri pallidiceps = (Constantie. Leocadiz Lepidolarynx mesoleucus Calliperidia Angele Oreopyra leucaspis . Eustephanus galeritus . —— Stokesi. Fernandensis . Pheeoleema rubinoides . Hiquatorialis Eriocnemis cupreiventris . Isaacsoni Luciani —— Mosquera . vestita . —— nigrivestis . —— Goshim., . —— D’Orbignyi —— Derbiana —— Aline squamata lugens Aurelie : Cyanomyia quadricolor violiceps cyanocephala . Guatemalensis —— Francie cyanicollis Hemistilbon Ocai Norrisi : Leucippus chionogaster Leucochloris albicollis Thaumatias candidus chionopectus . leucogaster viridiceps — Milleri . nitidifrons ceruleiceps brevirostris affinis chionurus . albiventris — Linnei. — fluviatilis apicalis Page Ixxxv 0b. Ixxxvl Ixxxvil 0b. 0b. 0. ab. ab. 2b. Ixxxvill 2b. 0b. ab. 2b. 0b. Ixxxix ab. 2b. a. 2b. xe 1b. 2b. ab. 10. 2b. ab. XClii 0b. 2b. ab. 0b. 2. 2b. XCV1 2. 1b. 2b. X¢vll 2. 0b. 2. X¢evill 2b. ab. 1b. ab. 2. 2b. 2b. 2. 2b. ab. XCIX 2b. 2b. Thaumatias maculicaudus Amazilia pristina alticola —— Dumerili leucopheea ‘ Pyrrhophena cinnamomea Yucatanensis . cerviniventris . castaneiventris —— Riefferi beryllina — Devillei viridigaster 1odura . cyanura Erythronota antiqua Felicize ——— idwardi niveiventris . . elegans Saucerottia typica . . So pico a ae Warszewiczi . .. Hemithylaca cyanifrons . Eupherusa eximia . Chrysuronia Ginone . Josephinee : ——— _Neera.. 6220 ceruleicapilla . — Humboldti . . —— Elicie : CMAP, 5 o Eucephala Grayi . . smaragdo-cerulea — chlorocephala — ceruleo-lavata —scapulata. . . .. ——hypocyanea. . . . —— cerulea ; cyanogenys . Se Panterpe insignis Juliamyia typica Feliciana . Circe latirostris . Doubledayi . Pheeoptila sordida . zonura . Damophila amabilis Hylocharis sapphirina lactea cyanea . Sapphironia Goudoti . . . ceruleigularis . Sporadinus elegans Ricordi t Maugeei Chlorolampis auriceps Caniveti —— Osberti Salvini . Chlorostilbon angustipennis . Heeberlini. ——— Phaéthon,..’. .. 2% aureiventris prasinus igneus.-. eee — Atala —— Daphne —— Peruanus . —— Napensis brevicaudatus chrysogaster assimilis nitens Panychlora Alicie . ee . euchloris stenura Poortmanni f Smaragdochrysis iridescens , Phlogophilus hemileucurus Page Xclx 0b. 2b. ab. ab. ab. Cll cxil ab. ab. 20. cxiil 0b. ab. ab. INDEX OF GENERIC NAMES ADOPTED, WITH REFERENCES TO THE PAGES IN THE INTRODUCTION IN WHICH THEY WILL BE FOUND. Acestrura . Adelomyia Agleactis . Aithurus inmevallhie, Anthocephala Aphantochroa Atthis . Augastes Avocettinus Avyocettula Bourcieria . Calliperidia Calliphlox . Calothorax Callyptcn as Campylopterus Cephalepis Chetocercus . Chalybura . Chlorolampis . Chlorostilbon . Chrysolampis . Chrysuronia . Circe : Clytolema Celigena . Cometes Cyanomyia Cynanthus. Damophila Delattria Diphlogena Discura Docimastes Dolerisca . Doricha Doryfera Eriocnemis Erythronota . Eucephala Page lxvi lxxyvili lxxiv lix Cc lxxvill xlvili lxv Ixxxili lxxvill bxxvili Ixxxix XCli lxx lxvi lxv xlvi lxxx lxvil lvii cix cx Ixxix civ cyl Ixxxix 1 lxxiii XCV lxxii evil 1 Ixxxviil Lxiii Ixxxvi xlvili lxvili lvi Xclv cli cv Eugenes Eugenia Eulampis . Kupetomena . Eupherusa Eustephanus . Kutoxeres . Florisuga . Glaucis Gouldia Grypus. Heliactin . Heliangelus Helianthea Heliodoxa . Heliomaster . Heliopedica . Heliothrix Heliotrypha Hemistilbon Hemithylaca Hylocharis Tolema Juliamyia . Klais Lafresnaya Lampornis Lamprolema . Lampropygia . Leadbeatera Lepidolarynx . Lesbia . Leucippus . Leucochloris . Loddigesia Lophornis . Mellisuga . Metallura . Microchera Myiabeillia Myrtis . Page xlix lxxxvl liv xlv civ xcill XXXVil lxi XXXVi lxiv XXXVI lxxxi Ixxxvili lxxxvii lviii xcl ] lxxxi lxxxvii xcvl cil evil lvii cvi lxxx lv lit ] xc lviii xcll lxxi XCVil Xcvll lxx lx lxiv Ixxvii lx lxxxi xvii Oreopyra . Oreotrochilus Orthorhynchus Oxypogon . Panoplites Panterpe Panychlora Patagona . Petasophora . Pheeochroa Pheeolema Pheoptila . Phaéthornis Phlogophilus . Polemistria Polytmus . Prymnacantha Pterophanes . Pygmornis Pyrrhopheena . Ramphomicron . Rhodopis . Sapphironia Saucerottia Schistes Selasphorus Smaragdochrysis . Spathura . Sphenoproctus Sporadinus Stellula Sternoclyta Thalurania Thaumastura . Thaumatias Threnetes . Topaza . Trochilus . Trypheena . Urochroa . Urosticte . Page Xclil hii lxxix lxxy bx evi CXil Ixxxv Ixxxill xlvi xclil evil XXxix cxiil lxiii Ixxxv lxiv lxxili xi c lxxvi lxvill evil cli Ixxxii lxy cxill lxxi xlv cvill Ixvi xlix lix lxvii xcvil XXXix li xiv lxix xlvili Ixxvi angustipennis BPS! Of Sb iC Liv. Nw eas OF [The following is an alphabetical list of all the specific names of Humming-Birds with which I am acquainted and the species to which they have reference ; both those appearing in my own work, and others which I have not been able to determine to what species they have been applied. Some of the latter have been assigned to manufactured specimens, and the descriptions of the others are frequently so curt and yague that they cannot be identified.] Abeillei . Myiabeillia typica. Anna abnormis, Watt. Not identified. Annee } ee acuticaudus Panychlora stenura. anthophila Phaethormi thophilus ae . Spathura rufocaligata. anthophilus . } ea ea Adela Oe ena antiqua . Erythronota antiqua. Adelee } Oreotrochilus Adele. Auden : ee Aston Adolphi . Pygmornis Adolphi. apicalis Phaéthornis Guyi. eeneicauda | : Thaumatias apicalis. eeneicaudus . Metallura eneicauda. Aquila Eutoxeres Aquila. eneocauda . i Arsennii . Heliopzedica melanotis. Kquatorialis . Agleeactis Aquatorialis. Arsinoé . Pyrrhopheena beryllina. Campylopterus Aiquatorialis. arsinoides Riefferi. Pheolema Aiquatorialis. Aspasiee . Pygmornis Aspasiz. affinis Thaumatias affinis. assimilis . Chlorostilbon assimilis. Glaucis affinis. Atala Atala. : Phaéthornis superciliosa. : chrysogaster. Aglaize Pyrrhopheena iodura. Atale . — Atala. albicollis Leucochloris albicollis. ater albigularis albicollis. atra » Florisuga atra. ae Schistes albigularis. atratus | albirostris Thaumatias leucogaster. | atricapillus . . Lampornis Mango. albiventris albiventris. | atrigaster Eulampis holosericeus. albocoronata Microchera albocoronata. atrimentalis Pygmornis Amaura. albus . Lampornis Mango. Audebertii . EKucephala czrulea. Alexandri . Trochilus Alexandri. i Audenetii . Polemistria chalybea. Alice . a | Augusta . Alicize } Leumeta ENG i Auguste Phaéthornis Augusti. Alina | i PAUITUIS Ie | Alinee Eriocnemis Aline. i aurantias, Gmel. Not determined. Aline | | aurata Panychlora Aliciee. Allardi . Metallura tyrianthina. auratus Eulampis jugularis. alticola Amazilia alticola. pe Lophornis ornatus. amabilis . Damophila amabilis. aureiventris . Chlorostilbon aureiventris. Amaryllis Lesbia Amaryllis. Aurelie . Eriocnemis Aureliz. amaura Pygmornis amaura. aureoviridis . Lampornis viridis. amazicula Amazilia Dumerili. aurescens Clytoleema ? aurescens. Amazili . pristina. aureus, Licht. rubinea ?. Ser Pyrrhopheena Riefferi. auriceps . . Chlorolampis auriceps. Amazilia Amazilia pristina. auriculata | Helo theca enined. amazilicula . Dumerili. auriculatus . amethysticollis . . Heliangelus amethysticollis. aurigaster . Eulampis holosericeus. amethystina . s : : Helianthea Bonapartei. aneth yeni } Cue aurita Heliothrix aurita. amethystoides . : amethystoides. ; auriculata. Anais Petasophora Anais. auritus Eulampis jugularis. cyanotis. : Heliothrix aurita. —— iolata. Aurora . Diphlogena Aurora. : : thalassina. aurulenta } Lampornis aurulentus. Angela Gullinecilin Aiecles aurulentus : Angele ‘ P : Boe: Avocetta : . Avyocettula recurvirostris. . Chlorostilbon angustipennis. Azare, Vieill. . Not determined. azureus . . . . : Bahamensis . Bancrofti Barroti Benjaminus . : beryllina .. . \ beryllinus : bicolor bifurcata bilobus bilopha bilophus . : bipartitus, Lath. Boliviana ——. bombilus Bonaparte Boothi OTe Te Teams Bourcieri brachyrhynchus Brasilianus Brasiliensis . brevicaudatus brevicaudus . brevirostris lontormaneoloe 5 5 5 Buffoni cerulea ceruleicapilla ceruleiceps . ceruleigaster ceruleigularis oe: ceruleiventris . . ceruleogaster } ceruleogularis . ceruleo-lavata . cerulescens . seeruleus . caligatus . Calliope . campestris campyloptera . campylopterus . campylostylus candidus . Caniveti . : Capensis, Gmel. carbunculus Gandidag. 5. | Carolus Casas assini é castaneiventris . WanoliGe os. | castaneocauda castaneoventris . Castelnaudi. . . | Castelnaui Castelneaul. . . | Catharine : caudacutus, Veil. caumatonotus Cecilize cephalatra cephalus . cervina cervinicauda cerviniventris chalcotis . chalybea . caumatonota . . } chalybeus ce J JBieyayemeunesl GG } Hylocharis cyanea. Dorica Evelyne. Eulampis jugularis. Heliothrix Barroti. violifrons. Urosticte Benjamini. Pyrrhophena beryllina. Hylocharis cyanea. — Thalurania? Wagleri. Lesbia eucharis. Heliactin cornuta. Cynanthus cyanurus ?. Lampropygia Boliviana. Phaéthornis Boliviana. Acestrura Heliodori. Helianthea Bonapartei. Calypte Helene. Urochroa Bougueri. Phaéthornis Bourcieri. Ramphomicron microrhynchum. Glaucis hirsuta. Pygmornis Eremita. Phaéthornis squalida. superciliosa. Glaucis hirsuta. Chlorostilbon brevicaudatus. Calliphlox amethystina. Thaumatias brevirostris. Lampornis porphyrurus. Chalybura Buffoni. Eucephala crulea. Chrysuronia ceruleicapilla. Thaumatias ceruleiceps. Chalybura czeruleogaster. Sapphironia ceeruleigularis. Chalybura ceruleogaster. Sapphironia ceruleigularis. Eucephala ceruleo-lavata. Sapphironia ceruleigularis. Eucephala czerulea. Saucerottia Sophie. Stellula Calliope. Calliphlox amethystina. Sphenoproctus Pampa. Campylopterus latipennis. Aphantochroa cirrhochloris. Thaumatias candidus. Chlorolampis Caniveti. Not determined. Chrysolampis moschitus. Cometes ? Caroli. Trochilus Alexandri. Anthocephala ? castaneiventris. Phyrrhophena castaneiventris. Heliopedica Xantusi. Anthocephala? castaneiventris. Agleactis Castelnaudi. Mellisuga minima. Not determined. Agleactis caumatonota. Oreotrochilus Estelle. Aithurus polytmus. Phaéthornis longirostris. Dolerisca cervina. Threnetes cervinicauda. Pyrrhophena cerviniventris. Petasophora serrirostris, Polemistria chalybea. Chimborazo chionogaster chionopectus chionura chionurus chlorocephala chlorocephalus . chlorolema . chlorolamus chlorolaimus chloroleucurus . chlorolophus chloropogon chrysobronchus chrysochloris chrysogaster chrysogastra chrysolopha chrysura . chrysurus peers Lath. MS. cinereicollis, Vieddl. cinereus . cinnamomea Circe . cirrhochloris cirrochloris . cissiura Clarissa Clarisse . Clarisse Clemenciz Cleopatra coelestis ceeligena . coelina : coeruleiventris . collaris colubris Columbica Columbiana Columbicus . concinna, Steph. Condaminei . Condamini Conradi consobrinus . Constantii Conversii conurus, Steph. Cora Core . corallirostris Corinna, Less. cornuta cornutus . coruscans coruscus . Costee crispa. crispus cristata cristatellus cristatus . crypturus cuculliger cupreicauda, cupreicaudus cupreiventris cupreocauda SSS ee ae ——. —— . —_-—.. — Oreotrochilus Chimborazo. Leucippus chionogaster. Thaumatias chionopectus. Thaumatias chionurus. Eucephala chlorocephala. Eulampis chlorolemus. Polytmus virescens. Orthorhynchus exilis. Urolampra chloropogon, Cab. et Hein. Not seen. Polytmus virescens. Cometes sparganurus. Chlorostilbon chrysogaster. Haeberlini. Helianthea Bonapartei. Chlorostilbon chrysogaster. Heliactin cornuta. Chrysuronia chrysura. Grypus Spixi. Cometes sparganurus. Polytmus viridissimus. Not determined. Campylopterus latipennis. Eustephanus Fernandensis. Pyrrhopheena cinnamomea. Circe latirostris. Aphantochroa cirrhochloris. Spathura cissiura. Heliangelus Clarissz. Ceeligena Clemencie. Thaumatias leucogaster. Cynanthus ceelestis. Tryphena Duponti. Lampropygia cceligena. Sapphironia ceruleigularis. Chalybura ceeruleogaster. Selasphorus rufus. Trochilus colubris. Thalurania Columbica. Mellisugus, ‘‘ Linn.” Reichenb. Eutoxeres Condaminei. Bourcieria Conradi. Phaéthornis consobrina. Heliomaster Constanti. Gouldia Conversi. Not determined. ’ Thaumastura Core. Pyrrhophzena cinnamomea. Heliomaster longirostris. Heliactin cornuta. Petasophora coruscans. Ramphomicron heteropogon. Calothorax cyanopogon. Calypte Coste. Petasophora serrirostris. Orthorhynchus cristatus. exilis. cristatus. Panychlora Alicie. Heliopzedica melanotis. Metallura cupreicauda. Eriocnemis cupreiventris. Metallura cupreicauda. cupreoventris cupricauda . cupripennis . cupriventris . curvipennis . Cuvieri cyanea cyaneipectus cyanipectus . cyanopectus cyaneus cyanicollis cyanifrons cyanocephala , Gmel. cyanocollis cyanogenys . cyanomelas . cyanopectus cyanopogon . cyanopterus . cyanopygos . cyanotis . cyanotus . cyanura . cyanurus : Gonel. cyanus, Vieill. . Daphne . dasypus Davidianus . decorata . decoratus decorus . De Filippi Delalandi Delattre . Delattrei. Delphina Delphine Derbianus Derbyanus Derbyi Devillei dichrous, Taehe dilophus . dispar Dohrni Dominica Dominicensis Dominicus D’Orbignyi Doubledayi . Dubusi Duchassaigni Dumerili Duponti . Edwardi . elatus elegans Elicia. Elicize Elisa . Elize . Emile Emilice Eriocnemis cupreiventris. Metallura cupreicauda. Agleactis cupripennis. Eriocnemis cupreiventris. Sphenoproctus curvipennis. Pheeochroa Cuvieri. Hylocharis cyanea. Sternoclyta cyaneipectus. Eulampis jugularis. Hylocharis cyanea. Cyanomyia cyanicollis. Hemithylaca cyanifrons. Cyanomyia cyanocephala. Guatemalensis. quadricolor. Not determined. Cyanomyia cyanicollis. Eucephala cyanogenys. Eulampis jugularis. Sapphironia ceruleigularis. Sternoclyta cyaneipectus. Calothorax cyanopogon. Pterophanes Temmincki. Eriocnemis cupreiventris, Rei- chenb. Petasophora cyanotis. Pyrrhophzna cyanura. Cynanthus cyanurus. Not determined. Chlorostilbon Daphne. Eriocnemis Aline. Pygmornis rufiventris. Acestrura decorata. Lophornis magnificus. Phaéthornis Philippi. Cephalepis Delalandi. Campylopterus hemileucurus. Lophornis Delattrei. Petasophora Delphine. Docimastes ensiferus. Eriocnemis Derbiana. Docimastes ensiferus. Eriocnemis Derbiana. Derbiana. Pyrrhopheena Devillei. Chrysuronia chrysura, Reichend. Heliactin cornuta. Heliotrypha Parzudaki. Glaucis Dohrni. Lampornis gramineus. Mellisuga minima. Lampornis aurulentus. Glaucis hirsuta. Lampornis gramineus. Eriocnemis D’Orbignyi. Circe Doubledayi. latirostris. Pyrrhophena Riefferi. Sapphironia ceruleogularis. Amazilia Dumerili. Pyrrhophena Devillei. Tryphena Duponti. Erythronota Edwardi. Chrysolampis moschitus. Sporadinus elegans. Erythronota elegans. Chrysuronia Eliciz. Doricha Elize. Erythronota Felicie. Phaéthornis Emilie. CXX111 enicura enicurus . ensifera ensiferus . ensipennis Eos Episcopus Eremita . Eriphyle . Eryphila . Eryphile . erythronota . erythronotos erythronotus } Doricha enicura. | J = ——— erythrorhyncha, Bp. . Esmeralda Estella Estelle euanthes . eucharis . euchloris Eurynome Eurynomus . euryptera eurypterus Evelina Eveline Evelynee . excisus exilis . eximia eximius exortis falcata falcatus fallax . Fannie Fannyi Fanny fasciatus . , Shaw . Faustine . Felicia Feliciz Feliciana Fernandensis ferrugineus . festivus filicaudus fimbriata fimbriatus flabellifera . flabelliferus . flammifrons . flavescens flavicaudata . flavicaudatus flavifrons , Gmel. Floresii floriceps . fluviatilis forcipatus forficata . forficatus Francie . Fraseri fraterculus frontalis . fulgens fulgidigula fulgidus . fulvifrons fulviventris . fulvus, Gel. furcata | SS Docimastes ensiferus Campylopterus ensipennis. Helianthea Eos. Pygmornis Episcopus. Eremita. Thalurania Eriphyle. Erythronota antiqua. Not a species. Panychlora Poortmanni. Oreotrochilus Estelle. Ramphomicron microrhynchum. Lesbia eucharis. Panychlora euchloris. Phaéthornis Eurynome. Ayocettinus eurypterus. Doricha Evelyne. Thalurania Eriphyle. Orthorhynchus exilis. Eupherusa eximia. Heliotrypha Parzudaki. Campylopterus lazulus. Dolerisca fallax. Thalurania Fannie. Myrtis Fannie. Lampornis Mango. Not determined. Cyanomyia cyanocephala. Erythronota Feliciz. Juliamyia Feliciana. Eustephanus Fernandensis. Glaucis hirsuta. Polemistria chalybea. Acestrura Mulsanti. Florisuga mellivora. —— flabellifera. Eustephanus galeritus. Panoplites flavescens. Lafresnaya flavicaudata. Chlorostilbon Phaéthon. Not determined. Lampornis porphyrurus. Selasphorus Floresii. Anthocephala floriceps. Thaumatias fluviatilis. Eupetomena macroura. Thalurania forficata. EKustephanus galeritus. Cynanthus cyanurus. Cyanomyia Francie. Glaucis Fraseri. Phaéthornis fratercula. Toleema frontalis. Thalurania glaucopis. Eugenes fulgens. Bourcieria fulgidigula. Lamprolema Rhami. Hylocharis sapphirina. Dolerisca fallax. Not determined. Thalurania furcata. PAK ee ar furcatoides furcatus . furcifer, Shaw. . fusce , fuscicaudatus fuscus Gabriel (Galknilae, oo « 6 ¢ galerita.-. . - } galeritus. . . - Cryo « Geoffroyi Georgina el Georgine . S| Gilosorul, MA o 1 co gigantea. . . - \ gigas . ee glaucopis . . . - glaucopoides, D’ Ord. | et Lafres . I glomata . Glyceria . Godini Gorgo Goudoti Gouldi gracilis graminea . . } eramineus Granadensis eranatinus grata . Grayi ae griseigularis . . griseogularis } Guatemalensis . Guerini Guimeti . Gujanensis . gularis gutturalis : Guys es Ciyiee . } Gyrinno . Haeberlinii . ; hematorhyncha, Bp. . Helena Helene Helianthea . Heliodori helios Nv haa Eloisa. 2) Heloise. 3 hemileucurus ilennican so. Henrici | Herrani . heteropogon. heteropygia . : Inirsutdess 22. 4 hirsutus . } hirundinacea hirundinaceus : myo 5 5 5. hispidus . \ Hoffmanni holosericea holosericeus Humboldti humilis hyperythrus hypocyanea . Thalurania furcatoides. furcata. eS ischudie Not determined. Florisuga atra. Pyrrhophena Riefferi. Florisuga atra. Heliothrix Barroti. Chlorostilbon prasinus. Eustephanus galeritus. Lafresnaya Gayi. Schistes personata. Geoffroyi. Ayocettinus eurypterus. A manufactured specimen. x ; Patagona gigas. Thalurania glaucopis. Not determined. Eriocnemis vestita. Yometes? Glyceria. Eriocnemis Godini. Cynanthus cyanurus. Sapphironia Goudoti. Lesbia Gouldi. Lophornis Gouldi. Petasophora serrirostris. Lesbia gracilis. Lampornis gramineus. Pheoleema rubinoides. Eulampis jugularis. Leadbeatera grata. Eucephala Grayi. > mig 7 10 Pygmornis griseogularis. ‘yanomyia Guatemalensis. Oxypogon Guerini. Klais Guimeti. Chrysolampis moschitus. Aphantochroa gularis. Lampornis gramineus. Mango ?. Phaéthornis Guyi. Thalurania furcata. Chlorostilbon Haeberlini. Not a species. Lophornis Helene. Calypte Helene. Lophornis Helene. Helianthea typica. Acestrura Heliodori. Lophornis magnificus. Atthis Heloisz. Campylopterus hemileucurus. Phlogophilus hemileucurus. Delattria Henrici. Ramphomicron Herrani. heteropogon. Doricha enicura. Glaucis hirsuta. Eupetomena macroura. Gouldia Langsdorffi. Phaéthornis hispida. Saucerottia Sophie. Eulampis holosericeus. Chrysuronia Humboldti. Mellisuga minima. Compylopterus hyperythrus. Eucephala hypocyanea. CXX1V hypoleucus hypopheus . icterocephalus . Tdalize Toes Imperatrix Inca TIO TGI0 Cucina TMOMNINUIS 6 6 insectivora insectivorus . insignis intermedia intermedius . iodura iodurus iolata . iolatus iridescens SS —~— ——ooOO SO - Iris Jsaacsoni Tsaure jacula Jamesoni janthinotus . ann Glinnn clean | AyamGinne aaa | Johanne. jolata . Josephine Jourdani. jugularis. ee Nilige ee oe ee | Nicer ee Julie . Ge Kienerii . King Labrador lactea Letitia Leetitize Lafresnayi Lalandi 5 lamprocephalus lamprogeneias, Bonap. lamprus lanceolata . Langsdorffi . largipennis lasiopygus latipennis ae latirostris lazula lazulinus lazulus Leadbeater . Leocadize lee 5 o . : \ Ke ICUS ae eee | Lereboulleti Lessoni leucaspis . leucocrotaphus . leucogaster . Leucippus chionogaster. Cyanomyia Francie. Chrysolampis moschitus. Calypte Anne. Pygmornis Idalie. Chlorostilbon igneus. Eugenia Imperatrix. Bourcieria Inca. Adelomyia imornata. Bourcieria insectivora. Panterpe insignis. Phaéthornis squalida. Pyrrhophena iodura. Petasophora iolata. Lampornis iridescens. Smaragdochrysis iridescens. Diphlogeena Inis. Eriocnemis Isaacsoni. Chalybura? Isaure. Heliodoxa jacula. Jamesoni. Oreotrochilus Pichincha. Petasophora serrirostris. Panoplites Jardinei. Doryfera Johanne. Petasophora iolata. Chrysuronia Josephine. Cheetocercus Jourdani. Eulampis jugularis. Juliamyia typica. Spathura Underwoodi. Cynanthus cyanurus. Eustephanus galeritus. Myrtis Fannie. Hylocharis lactea. Thaumatias Linnei. Gouldia Leetitie. Lafresnaya flavicaudata. Cephalepis Delalandi. Calypte Anne. Lampornis Prevosti, Reichenb. Chlorostilbon prasinus. Glaucis lanceolata. Gouldia Langsdorfhi. Campylopterus latipennis. Heliotrypha Parzudaki. Campylopterus latipennis. - ensipennis. Amazilia pristina. Hylocharis sapphirina. Circe latirostris. Doubledayi. latirostris. Hylocharis lactea. Campylopterus lazulus. Circe Doubledayi. latirostris. Lampornis Mango. Leadbeatera grata. Heliomaster Leocadie. Tryphena Duponti. Circe Doubledayi. Avocettula recurvirostris. Cynomyia cyanocephala. Circe latirostris. Oreopyra leucaspis. Heliopzedica melanotis. Heliothrix aurita. Leucippus chionogaster. \yy pi aN leucogaster . leucogastra . leucophzea leucophrys . leucopleurus leucopterus. . leucopygius . leucotis leucurus . Libussa Lichtensteinii ligonicauda . ligonicaudus Lindeni Linnei Loddigesii longicauda longicaudus . longirostris . | J onguemarei Longuemareus . Longuemari lophotes . Luciani lucida lucidus Lucifer Ludovicie Were} 5c lugubris . Lumachella . Lumachellus Lutetie Lydia macroura macrourus macrura . maculata maculatum maculatus maculicaudus maculicollis . magnifica magnificus malaris Malvina . Mango maniculata margaritaceus Maria Marie marmoratus Matthewsi Maugei Maugzus Maugeana Maugeanus . Maugei Mavors maxillosus maximus, Vieill. Maynensis Mazeppa melananthera melanogaster melanogenys melanolophus, Vieill. melanorhynchus melanotis ae Thaumatias leucogaster. Amazilia leucophea. Phaéthornis squalida. Oreotrochilus leucopleurus, Florisuga atra. Heliopeedica melanotis. Threnetes leucurus. Heliangelus Clarisse. Panoplites flavescens. Discura longicauda. Oxypogon Lindeni. Thaumatias Linnzi. Cephalepis Loddigesi. Discura longicauda. Eulampis longirostris. Heliomaster longirostris. Stuartee. mesoleucus. Phaéthornis longirostris. Pygmornis Longuemareus. Lophornis lophotes. Eriocnemis Luciani. Heliopedica melanotis. Ceeligena Clemencie. Calothorax cyanopogon. Doryfera Ludovicie. Eriocnemis lugens. Florisuga atra. Augastes Lumachellus. Helianthea Lutetiz. Thalurania verticeps. Eupetomena macroura. Adelomyia maculata. Thaumatias Linnei. Grypus nevius. Lampornis gramineus. Thaumatias Linnei. maculicaudus. Panychlora Alicie. Lophornis magnificus. Phaéthornis malaris. Not seen. Lampornis Mango. porphyrurus. Eriocnemis cupreiventris. Lampornis aurulentus. Pyrrhophena Devillei. Aithurus polytmus. Lampornis gramineus. Panoplites Mathewsi. Sporadinus ? Maugzi. Thaumatias Linnei. Heliangelus Mavors. Phaéthornis malaris ? Not determined. Leadbeatera Otero, Reichend. Glaucis Mazeppa. Spathura melananthera. Oreotrochilus melanogaster. Eugenes fulgens. Adelomyia melanogenys. Not determined. Chlorostilbon chrysogaster. Phaéthornis Eurynome. CXXV melanotis melanotus melanura mellisugus mellivora mellivorus Meriphile Merrittii mesoleuca . mesoleucus . metallicus Mexicanus microrhyncha microrhynchum microrhynchus . micrura micrurus . Milleri minima UTS ee minullus, Vieidl. mirabilis . Mitchelli Mocoa . modestus montana. montanus Moorei moschita moschitus Mosquera mosquitus Mossai Mulsanti multicolor, Gmel. mystacinus mystax nevia . neevius Napensis Nattereri Neera niger . TU cae nigricincta nigricinctus . nigricollis ) SS —— » nigrirostris, Reichend. nigrivestis nigrofasciata nigrofasciatus nigrotis nitens. =: nitidifrons nitidissimus . nitidus niveipectus niveiventer niveiventris . niveoventer . Norrisi Nw. obscura obscurus . ‘ Ginal. Ocai ochropygos, Natt. . (Enone opaca . opisthocomus Orbignyi. Ornata ornatus orthura Heliopzedica melanotis. Glaucis melanura. Chlorostilbon Atala. Thaumatias leucogaster. Florisuga mellivora. Thalurania Eriphyle. Klais Guimeti. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus. Chlorostilbon Phaéthon. Eulampis holosericeus. Ramphomicron microrhynchus. Acestrura micrura. Oreotrochilus leucopleurus. Thaumatias Milleri. Mellisuga minima. Not determined. Loddigesia mirabilis. Calliphlox? Mitchelli. Cynanthus Mocoa. Chlorolampis auriceps. Selasphorus platycercus. Phaéthornis consobrina. Chrysolampis moschitus. Eriocnemis Mosquera. Chrysolampis moschitus. Cometes ? Glyceria. Acestrura Mulsanti. Not determined. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus, Polemistria chalybea. Grypus nevius. Chlorostilbon Napensis. Augastes scutatus. Chrysuronia Neera. Florisuga atra. Mellisuga minima. minima. Pygmornis nigricincta. Lampornis Mango. Not determined. Eriocnemis nigrivestis. Thalurania nigrofasciata. Heliothrix aurita. Chloristilbon nitens. Thaumatias nitidifrons. Chlorostilbon prasinus. Lampornis Mango. Thaumatias chionopectus. Erythronota niveiventris. Hemistilbon Norrisi. Lesbia Nuna. Pygmornis Idalie. Campylopterus obscurus. Clytoleema rubinea. Not determined. Hemistilbon Ocai. Phaéthornis Pretrei, Reichenb. Chrysuronia none. Metallura cupreicauda. Cephalepis Loddigesi. Eriocnemis D’Orbignyi. Lophornis ornatus. Orthorhynchus ornatus. Calliphlox amethystina. Te | } } } i orthurus . Osberti Oseryi Otero. Ourissia . pallidiceps Pamela Ramelie: ees 2-0) Pampa paradisea paradiseus , Gmel. parvirostris . parvula Parzudaki Parzudhaki . Pauline . payoninus pectoralis Pegasus . Pella . personatus Peruana . Peruanus Petasophora Petasophorus pheenolema. phaenolaema pheenoleuca . Phaéthon Pheeton Poem Aalto o 6 6 a Pheebe, Less. et Delatt. IOmmedwe, . « pileatus pinicola . j placura = platurus . Bhs | Lay GelGH arse platycercus polytmus Poortmani Popelairit porphyrogaster . porphyrura . porphyrurus Poucheti. Pouchettii prasina See ean prasinoptera prasinus . Pretrei Prevosti . noe ani Oe ) ET Olivia eee Faq nts eee pristina ee runelleie¢, = \ Brunelli ees... J puber Pucherani puella pulchra punctatus punctulatus puniceus . : purpuratus, Gmel. purpurea purpureiceps : Ty 00 ee CU gee) PYSMce ISG | ae Calliphlox amethystina. Chlorolampis Osberti. Phaéthornis Oseryi. Leadbeatera Otero. Sporadinus? Maugzi. Heliomaster pallidiceps. Agleeactis Pamela. Sphenoproctus curvipennis. Sphenoproctus Pampa. Panoplites flavescens. Topaza Pella. Not determined. Oxypogon Guerini. Agleactis parvula. Heliotrypha Parzudaki. Sporadinus Ricordi. Metallura tyrianthina. Phaéthornis, Rezchend. Lampornis gramineus. Chrysolampis moschitus. Topaza Pella. Schistes personata. Spathura Peruana. Chlorostilbon Peruanus. Petasophora serrirostris. Heliothrix pheenolema. Chlorostilbon Phaéthon. Cometes Phaon. Phaéthornis Philippi. Not determined. Oreotrochilus Pichincha. Orthorhynchus cristatus. Heliomaster Leocadie. Discura longicauda. Selasphorus platycercus. Aithurus polytmus. Panychlora Poortmanni. Prymnacantha Popelairei. Helianthea typica. Lampornis porphyrurus. Heliothrix auriculatus. Chlorostilbon Atal. prasinus. Eulampis jugularis. Chlorostilbon chrysogaster. prasinus. Polytmus viridissimus. Phaéthornis superciliosa. Lampornis Prevosti. Metallura Primolii. Amazilia pristina. Lampropygia Prunellei. Chlorostilbon chrysogaster, prasinus. Thalurania venusta. Calothorax pulchra. Lampornis Mango. Orthorhynchus cristatus. Not determined. Lampropygia purpurea. Heliothrix Barroti. Pygmornis pygmea. Aspasie., Mellisuga minima. Pygmornis rufiventris. CXXV1 Pyra quadricolor . Quitensis radiosus Raimondi rectirostris recurvirostris . . refulgens Regine MCCS ies a acne Regulus . Reichenbachi remigera Rhami rhodotis . Ricordi Riefferi Riv er node Rivolii Roberti Robinson ie ae Rose . ruber . rubineus . rubinoides mUbINCA a er } rubra . Ruckeri Tew), ruficaudatus ruficaudus, Viedll. . ruficeps ruficollis rufigaster rufiventris rufocaligata. . . } rufocaligatus rufus . rutila . Sabina Sabinee sagitta Salvini . sapphirina sapphirinus . Seypyan® 5 , « Sasin . a SHIGEO 5 5 . | Saul (ee | Saul go Samii tee | scapulata Schimperi Schreibersii . scintilla Sclateri scutatus sephanoides. serrirostris similis simplex Sitkensis. smaragdicaudus smaragdina. . smaragdineum . smaragdinicollis smaragdinis. . . \ smaragdinus smaragdo-ceerulea . SE ‘Topaza Pyra. Cyanomyia quadricolor, Lampornis Mango. Metallura Quitensis. Cometes sparganurus. Sporadinus Ricordi. Doryfera rectirostris. Avocettula recurvirostris. Thalurania refulgens. Lophornis Regine. Calliperidia Angele, Reichen). Lophornis Regulus. Chrysolampis moschitus, Spathura Underwoodi. Lamprolema Rhami. Petasophora iolata. Sporadinus Ricordi. Pyrrhophena Riefferi. Eugenes fulgens. Phzochroa Roberti. Eustephanus Fernandensis. Cheetocercus Rose. Selasphorus rufus. Clytoleema rubinea. Pheeolema AXquatorialis, —— rubinoides. Selasphorus rufus. Glaucis Ruckeri. Fraseri. Selasphorus rufus. Clytoleema rubinea. Not determined. Ramphomicron ruficeps. Grypus nevius. Pygmornis Eremita. —— rufiventris. rufiventris. Spathura rufocaligata. Campylopterus rufus. Selasphorus rufus. Pyrrhophena cinnamomea. Adelomyia melanogenys. Leadbeatera Otero. Chlorolampis Salvini. Hylocharis lactea. sapphirina. lactea. sapphirina. Cometes sparganurus. Selasphorus rufus. Saucerottia typica. Lafresnaya Saul. Eucephala scapulata. Circe latirostris. Joleema Schreibersi. Selasphorus scintilla. Heliomaster Sclateri. Augastes scutatus. Eustephanus galeritus. Petasophorus serrirostris. Chlorostilbon Phaéthon. Aphantochroa cirrhochloris. Calothorax cyanopogon. Eriocnemis cupreiventris. Selasphorus rufus. Cynanthus Mocoa. Chlorostilbon chrysogaster. Eucephala smaragdo-cerulea. Metallura smaragdinicollis. Cynanthus Mocoa. Eucephala smaragdo-cerulea. smaragdo-sapphiri- nus, Shaw.. Sophie sordida Sareea) eee } sparganurus spatuligera . ; : Spencei Spixi . splendens splendidus, Veid/. . squalida . squalidus squamata squamosa squamosus Stanleyi . stellatus . stenura Stokesi : striatus, Gmel. . striigularis HOO UCI, 5 4 ¢ strophianus . strumaria Stuartee suavis Suecicus . superba superbus . superciliosus Surinamensis Swainsoni Sylphia syrmatophorus . Temmincki . Tendali tephrocephala tephrocephalus thalassina thalassinus Sa Thalia,“ Gould,” Reich. Thaumantias Thaumatias . Theresize Tobaci Tobagensis . MOORE 5 6 Tomineo, Gmel. torquata . torquatus, Shaw tricholopha . tricolor tristis . Tschudi . Turneri typica typicus typus . tyrianthina . tyrianthinus e—_— . } Hlylocharis cyanea, Reichenb. Saucerottia Sophiz. Pheeoptila sordida. Cometes sparganurus. € Spathura Underwoodi. Heliangelus Spencei. Grypus Spixi. Campylopterus splendens. Villavicencio. Leadbeatera splendens. Not determined. Phaéthornis squalida. Eriocnemis squamata. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus. Grypus neevius. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus. Ramphomicron Stanleyi. Aithurus Polytmus. Panychlora stenura. Eustephanus Stokesi. Not determined. Pygmornis strugularis. Heliangelus strophianus. Lophornis magnificus. Heliomaster Stuarte. Pyrrhopheena Riefferi. Trochilus Alexandri. Augastes scutatus. Heliomaster longirostris. Augastes scutatus. Heliomaster longirostris. Phaéthornis superciliosa. malaris. Pretrei. Glaucis hirsuta. Florisuga mellivora. Threnetes leucurus. Topaza Pella. Sporadinus elegans. Doricha enicura. Lesbia Gouldi. Phaéthornis syrmatophora. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus. Pterophanes Temmincki. Calothorax, Reichenb. Thaumatias albiventris. Petasophora thalassina. Anais. thalassina. Unknown to me. Polytmus virescens. Thaumatias Linnei. albiventris. Chrysobronchus viridicaudus. Polytmus viridissimus. Thaumatias Linneel. Not determined. Bourcieria torquata. Not determined. Prymnacantha Popelairei. Selasphorus platycercus. Patagona gigas. Thalurania 'Tschudii. Leucippus chionogaster. Lampropygia coeligena. Helianthea typica. Saucerottia typica. Juliamyia typica. Myiabeillia typica. Saucerottia typica. Phaéthornis Guyi. } Metallura tyrianthina. CXXxvil Underwoodi urochrysa urochrysia uropygialis varius, Gmel. ventilabrum venusta venustissimus venustus . Veraguensis Verreauxi versicolor verticalis verticeps vesper vespera vestinigra vestita vestitus Victorie . Vieilloti . Vieillotii Villaviscensio villosus viola violacea violaceus violicauda violiceps . violifer violifera . violifrons virescens . virginalis viridans viridescens viridicaudata viridicaudus viridiceps viridigaster . viridigastra . viridipallens viridipectus . viridis viridissima viridissimus . viridiventris . Vulcani vulgaris Wagleri . Warszewiczii Watertoni Wiedi Williami Wilsoni . Xantusi . Yarrelli Yarugui . Yaruqui . Yucatanensis Zantusi Zémés zonura Spathura Underwoodi. Chalybura urochrysia. Eriocnemis vestita. Not determined. Spathura Underwoodi. Thalurania venusta. Eulampis jugularis. Augastes scutatus. Lampornis Veraguensis. Polemistria Verreauxi. Cephalepis Delalandi. Thaumatias brevirostris. Cyanomyia cyanocephala. quadricolor. Thalurania verticeps. Rhodopis vespera. Eriocnemis nigrivestis. cupreiventris. vestita. vestita. Lesbia Amaryllis. Polemistria chalybea. Mellisuga minima. Petasophora serrirostris. Campylopterus Villavicencio. Phaéthornis Oseryi. Heliotrypha viola. Eulampis jugularis. Lampornis Mango. Cyanomyia violiceps. Helianthea violifera. Heliothrix violifrons. Doryfera Johanne. Polytmus viridissimus. virescens. Lampornis virginalis. Aithurus Polytmus. Polytmus virescens. Pygmornis Aspasiz. Polytmus viridissimus. Thaumatias viridiceps. Pyrrhopheena viridigaster. Delattria viridipallens. Thalurania nigrofasciata. Thaumatias Linneli. Polytmus virescens. viridissimus. Lampornis viridis. Thaumatias Linnei. Polytmus viridissimus. Thaumatias Linnzi. Chlorostilbon prasinus. Pyrrhopheena viridigaster. Ramphomicron Vulcani. Leucochloris albicollis. Thalurania? Wagleri. Diphlogeena Aurora. Saucerottia Warszewiczi. Thalurania Watertoni. Eucephala cyanogenys. Metallura Williami. Lampropygia Wilsoni. Heliopedica Xantusi. Myrtis Yarrelli. Phaéthornis Yaruqui. Pyrrhophena Yucatanensis. Heliopzdica Xantusi. Tryphena Duponti. Pheeoptila zonura. Pygmornis zonura. ie T STREE v1 D LION COURT, FLI tH ANCIS, I > v D BY TAYLOR AND FI y) S| =! Z oc Ay Grypus nzevius Spixi Eutoxeres Aquila . Condamini Glaucis hirsuta —_— Mazeppa affinis lanceolata melanura . — Pohrni Ruckeri . Fraseri Threnetes leucurus cervinicauda Antonie . Phaéthornis Eurynome . superciliosus fraterculus cephalus syrmatophorus ——- Philippi . LIST OF PLATES. VOT I Phaethornis hispidus ae Ser anthophilus Bourcieri Guyi Yaruqui . Pretrei Augusti intermedius Longuemareus Amaura viridicaudata zonura = Ol | griseogularis striigularis obscura nigricinctus Episcopus } Eremita . pygmeeus 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 MIA LITT oe | ae NNT ATTN aon 2 [ AF 4 co ms 5 ey bec) IG ae Sees [ VE ey le ia SOR Sige s he ed ar ere) A o ” rN rd oe oe " o O Soe ae ye dN . . xine ke eed Bs “efe GRYPUS NAVIUS. Saw-bill. Trochilus nevius, Dumont, Dict. des Sci. Nat., tom. xvii. p- 432.—Temm. PI. Col. 120. fig. 3.— Vieill. Eney. Méth. Orn., part 1. p. 548.—Ib. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., tom. xxviii. p- 481.—Drap. Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat., tom. iv. p- 320. squamosus, Licht. in Mus. Berlin. Grypus ruficollis, Spix, Av. Bras., vol. i. p- 79. t., lxxx. die. 3. Melhsuga ? nevia, Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. p. 248. pk. 29. Ramphodon maculatum, Less. Hist. Nat. des Col., p- IS. el Er: = nevus, Jard. Nat. Lib, Humming-Birds, vol. i. p. Of. pe I Grypus nevius, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 105.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 67. SouTuEerN Braziz would seem to enjoy the privilege of claiming this bird as peculiarly its own, as it is from that country alone that specimens have as yet been received. I regard it as the only species of the genus that has been discovered; for although I have often thought that the smaller specimens, with more slender and more curved bills, were different, I now believe they will prove to be females of the present species. Mr. Reeves of Rio de Janeiro, who has had some opportunities of observing both the larger and the smaller birds in a state of nature, has been unable to satisfy himself whether they are or are not distinct, but is inclined to think that they are so, because he has remarked that the smaller birds arrive earlier and remain longer than the larger ones: against such an opinion, however, may be adduced the facts of their inhabiting the same locality at the same season of the year, and that in the nearly allied genera Glaucis and Phaéthornis, a corresponding difference is found in the size of the sexes, the females being much less than the males. In the character and colouring of their plumage too, both the larger and smaller birds are precisely alike even to a feather; on the other hand, in the form of their bills, and in the breadth of their tail-feathers, they are very different; so much so, that many genera have been established on much slighter grounds. It will be for Mr. Reeves, or some other naturalist, who may be favourably situated for investigating the subject, to ascertain with certainty what may be the real state of the case. MM. Delalande and Natterer found this species chiefly on the mountains of Corcovado, in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro; and in some notes kindly sent me by Mr. Reeves, respecting this and other species that have come under his observation, that gentleman says, that ‘it also inhabits Rio de Janeiro, but is by no means common, and is very rarely seen in the lowlands. Some years ago, when at Novo Friburgo, I had an opportunity of seeing several examples of this bird. They frequented the virgin forests, and seemed to take their food from under the branches of trees, and even at times from the stumps of decayed trees. On one occasion, after shooting a fine male bird; I discovered in its throat a small species of coleoptera, which had probably been taken from the crevices of an old tree; if such, however, be the case, the birds must be very expert in the operation of rooting out these small insects, as I observed they usually remained motionless in the air only for a second before they made the stoop, which was done so rapidly, that I often doubted, and still doubt, whether they always succeeded in capturing their prey. I never remember seeing this bird near the city. The virgin forests some ten leagues from Novo Friburgo are its favourite haunts; and it is only met with in those unfrequented localities during the months of July, August and September, and occasionally October.” I have also been favoured with some further information respecting this bird by M. Deyrolle, which, slight though it is, I have great pleasure in adding :— “The Grypus nevius,” says M. Deyrolle, “is common in all parts of the province of Santa Catharina in Brazil, but is more frequently met with in woody situations than elsewhere. Its flight is exceedingly noisy, very vigorous, and capable of being sustained for a great length of time, the bird rarely alighting. Its cry is so loud and piercing as to be heard above everything else, while it flutters around the flowers of various species of Orchids, from which it obtains its principal nourishment.” In all probability, the serrations with which the apical portion of the cutting edges of both mandibles of this bird are furnished, are expressly provided to enable it to capture with facility some peculiar kind of insect food, perhaps spiders and small coleoptera. The nest sent to me by Mr. Reeves is precisely similar in form, structure and situation to those con- structed by the members of the genus Phaéthornis, being of a lengthened, pointed form, composed of fine vegetable fibres and mosses, intermingled with which, especially on the lower part, are portions of dead leaves and pieces of lichen; and attached to the extremities of the leaves of apparently a species of Palm. Forehead, lores and ear-coverts dark brown ; all the upper surface, wing- and tail-coverts greenish bronze, each feather narrowly edged with brown, giving it a scale-like appearance ; wings purple-brown ; two central tail-feathers bronze deepening into dark brown at the tip; the next on each side the same, but slightly tipped with buff; the three lateral feathers purplish brown, washed with bronze at the base, and largely tipped with buff, the two colours meeting in an oblique direction across the feather, and the buff being most extensive on the outer feather, less so on the next, and still less so on the third; over the eye a streak of buff; sides of the throat deep reddish buff; feathers of the chin and down the centre of the throat brownish blaek edged with pale buff; feathers of the under surface blackish brown, edged on the breast and upper part of the flanks with greyish white, and on the lower part of the flanks and vent with buff, giving the whole a streaked appearance ; under tail-coverts buff, with a streak of brown down the centre ; bill black, except the basal two-thirds of the lower mandible, which are yellow; feet yellow. The Plate represents two males, a female, and a nest and eggs, all of the natural size. \ ‘ J rooms . ; - oT E = eee —e seein i ne ag "eras ; F IC 1 ! ry / n | Sr Fe ~ 4 pam a i rd ) _ fi ) AN Y ri | P S : F : by! | a ( J , r O) > i . e vA GRYPUS SPIXI, Gowd. Spix’s Saw-bill. Grypus Spixi, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxviii. p. 304. [ oprainep a single specimen of this bird from M. Parzudaki of Paris, but was unable to learn whence it had been received, a fact which would be of much interest both to myself and to every scientific ornithologist ; I have but little doubt, however, that the bird is a native of Brazil. Not being able to find any published description of a species according with the present bird, whose thick and powerful bill, together with other characters, at once indicate its proper place in the family of Trochilide, I have no alternative but to characterize it as new. When] first described it, | accompanied my description with a remark, which I may as well repeat here :— “This bird is considerably smaller than G. m@oius, and has a less cuneate tail. It is possible that this may be one of the sexes of Glaucis Dohrni; many of its colours would induce such a belief; and if this should prove to be the case, that bird must be removed from the genus G/aucis to that of Grypus. T have named this species in honour of the celebrated traveller Spix, in whose work there occurs a figure of a bird (G. ruficollis) which somewhat resembles my specimen ; not so, however, the accompanying description, which appears to be that of the species so frequently sent from Rio de Janeiro, and which is generally known as Grypus nevius.” Crown of the head bronzy brown; upper surface and all the tail-feathers very rich reddish bronze ; wings reddish purple-brown ; line above the eye buff; ear-coverts dark brown; throat, chest, and under surface deep reddish buff; under tail-coverts bronzy, each slightly tipped with buffy white ; upper mandible black ; under mandible yellow, with a black tip ; feet yellow. The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Brassavola lineata. ears it i a ‘ Walton frp. ts Aidinca =i ~ } a per seus aM OE F a lk &ith rould HA) INH HN ry man | IYI NINH 4 ni 3 HUI 2 tm" ony | GLAUCIS AFFINIS, ZLawr. Allied Hermit. Glaucis affinis, Lawr. in Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. of New York, vol. vi. p- 261. In my account of Glaucis hirsuta I pointed out the differences which exist among specimens of this form from the Andes of Bogota and those from Trinidad and Brazil, and remarked that the former, which has the throat and abdomen suffused with green, and might therefore be regarded as distinct, had not ye t received a specific appellation. This has since been bestowed upon it by Mr. G. N. Lawrence, of New York, who says, ‘This Species is a near ally of G. hirsuta, and it is with some hesitation I have ventured to characterize it as distinct. Mr. Gould, in his ‘Monograph of the Trochilide,’ under G. fursuta, speaks of a bird from Bogota ‘which has the throat and abdomen much suffused with green,’ which he thinks nearly allied to Airsuta, and possibly different ; but he does not incline to give it a specific appellation until further light is obtained. The example I have described may be the same as the Bogota bird, but differs so much in the sombre colouring of its under plumage from the more uniform rufous which prevails in those parts in all the specimens I have seen from Cayenne, Trinidad, &c., and in the much darker green of its upper plumage, that I cannot but regard them as different species.” Specimens from the banks of the Napo, to which Mr. Lawrence’s remark applies, are somewhat darker-coloured than those from Bogota; still I have no doubt of their being referable to the same bird. The following is Mr. Lawrence’s description of this species :— “Top of the head dark brown ; back and wing-coverts shining grass-green ; upper tail-coverts fringed with grey ; chin dark brownish grey ; centre of the throat dull brownish rufous ; sides of the neck and breast dull dark green intermixed with rufous ; abdomen and sides pale rufous; under tail-coverts white, with their centres very pale fawn-colour, two centre tail-feathers dark green tipped with white, inside which is a narrow black band; the outer tail-feathers are chestnut-red for two-thirds of their length from the base, the remainder purplish black with white tips ; wings purplish brown; upper mandible black ; lower mandible yellow with a black tip; irides black; feet pale yellow.” The figures in the accompanying plate, which are of the size of life, were taken from Bogotan specimens. The plant is the Lopima malacophylla. * S AS XN hier wel. HII 5 3 HII 2 i a3 HI NNN HN ‘ GLAUCIS LANCEOLATA, Gow. Lanceolate Hermit. Many years have now elapsed since I received, direct from Para, three specimens, all of which appear to be fully adult, of a species of Glaucis which M. Bourcier, of Paris, as well as myself, considers to be distinct from any of those already described. This bird is figured on the accompanying plate; and it will be readily seen that, although it bears a general resemblance to the G. Mazeppa, it has a very different tail, the feathers being narrow and much more pointed or lance-shaped. I am quite aware that this pointed form of tail-feather is characteristic of the young of nearly all the species of the genus, and indeed of the genera Phaéthornis, Eutoxveres, and Threnetes ; but in no instance have I seen it carried to so great an extent as in the specimens above mentioned. They also exhibit another characteristic of the young of most, if not all the species of this section of the Zrochilide—namely that of having the primaries and secondaries narrowly margined with buffy grey. With this remark I leave the subject for the consideration of future ornithologists, and content myself with suggesting that one of the points to which we should all direct attention is that of ascertaining the specific value of this and the three or four nearly allied members of the genus Glaucis—namely, G. hirsuta, G. Mazeppa, G. melanura, and G. affints—whether they are all referable to one, or constitute as many distinct species. The very wide extent of country over which these birds range is in favour of the latter hypothesis. Crown of the head dark brown ; all the upper surface, wing-coverts, and sides of the neck shining green ; two centre tail-feathers green, tipped with white, the next rufous at the base, black glossed with green near the extremity, and tipped with white ; the three outer ones on each side rich deep rufous, crossed near the extremity by a band of black, beyond which the tips are white ; wings purplish brown, the primaries and secondaries margined at their tips with buffy grey; lores and ear-coverts dark brown; mark behind the eye, stripe from the angle of the bill and the chin buff; throat and breast rufous, becoming much paler on the abdomen, and still paler on the under tail-coverts ; upper mandible blackish brown ; under mandible yellow, with a black tip; feet yellow or flesh-colour. The figures are of the size of life. The plant is the Gesneria bulbosa, var. lateritia. alton, Linp. / NS \ S LET” he. LA LU LE t. “Al. JS Gould anu {II iy a TU 3 2 ig 4 II) l Sema ese fea wainne ihn SL ashen GLAUCIS MELANURA, Gowa. Black-tailed Hermit. Glaucis melanura, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxvii. p. 304. Tue bird figured in the accompanying Plate must not be confounded with either of the species I have men- tioned in my account of Glaucis hirsutus ; it is much smaller than either of them, and moreover has a far greater amount of black colouring in its tail—the extreme base, and that only of the inner webs of the feathers, being marked with chestnut; in fact, when the tail is closed and viewed from beneath, it appears to be entirely black, the under coverts concealing the buff colouring at its base. I possess two specimens of this bird, one of which was received from the Napo, the other, a very fine one, from the Rio Negro. Centre of the throat, chest, and under surface buff; a streak of dark brown passes downwards from the base of the lower mandible, between which and the ear-coverts is a stripe of buff; there is also a line of buff behind the eye; crown of the head brown ; back of the neck, upper surface, and two middle tail-feathers golden-green ; upper tail-coverts narrowly edged with grey; basal portion of the inner webs and the shafts of the four lateral tail-feathers rich reddish-buff approaching to chestnut, the remainder of these feathers being black, tipped with white ; bill black, except the under base of the mandible, which is yellow. The figures in the accompanying Plate are as near the size of life as possible. The plant is the Sipho- campylus Orbignianus. 7 ted tl ‘Richter ¢ ana Fi JS Gould | > HITTITE A 3|_ 4 2 qj {HII ANI a BR ail a i i is allem A aS ety ee SL I a a kas GLAUCIS DOHRNI. Dohrn’s Hermit. Trochilus Dohrn, Boure. Ann. de la Soc. Sci. de Lyon, May 7, 1852. Glaucis Dorhni, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 249.—Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, plo. Up to within a few weeks of the present time, July 1855, a single specimen only of this bird, so far as I am aware, was to be found in Europe. The specimen alluded to, which is said to have been procured in Ecuador, forms part of the Collection of M. Bourcier, and was kindly transmitted to London for the purpose of being figured in the present work: after my figures of this then unique bird had been drawn and the Plate printed, I myself received a very fine example direct from Rio de Janeiro, where it was collected by M. De Gand in the district of Espiritu Santo. In all probability, then, this bird inhabits the interior of Brazil as well as the country whence M. Bourcier received his example. I regret that I had not received my bird before the Plate was printed, as I might have made some differences in the figures ; for I find that M. Bourcier’s specimen has been contracted in the process of mounting, and that consequently the drawing does not represent the bird so large as life: it will be seen also, on reference to the figures, that most of the tail-feathers are represented as indented at the extremity; I at first thought that this was a peculiar character, but in my specimen this feature occurs only in one feather, all the others being beautifully tipped with fawn-white, which portion of the feather has, by some process unknown to us, been thrown off in M. Bourcier’s specimen. When perfect, this is a very fine species: it is nearly allied to Glaucis hirsutus, but differs in having all the tail-feathers, except at their extreme tips, of a beautiful bronzy green instead of chestnut. M. Bourcier has ‘“ dedicated this species to M. Dohrn, President of the Entomological Society of Stettin, and one of the most zealous friends of the natural sciences.” Head, upper surface and wing-coverts dull green; rump and upper tail-coverts dull green, bordered with a rufous tint; tail bronzy green, each feather tipped with fawn-white, the extent of which increases as the feathers recede from the centre; wings purplish brown; above and behind the eye a stripe of pale buff; throat and all the under surface, including the under tail-coverts, deep fawn-colour ; upper mandible black ; under mandible straw-white for the basal two-thirds of its length, black on the apical third; feet yellow. The plant is the Barnadesia rosea. il InN A\ ye nH Reneoadk | } GLAUCIS RUCKERI. Rucker’s Hermit. Trochilus Ruckeri, Boure. in Proc. Zool. Soc., part xv. p. 46. Polytmus Ruckeri, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 38. Tus species of Glaucis, which has only been found hitherto in Veragua and the adjacent states of Central America, is so rare, that two specimens in my own collection, from which the figures were taken, and a third, imperfect in the plumage of the chest, in that of Mr. Loddiges at Hackney, are all the examples that have come under my notice. When describing the new species of Humming Birds contained in the Loddigesian collection, M. Bourcier very appropriately dedicated this species to Sigismund Rucker, Ksq., of Wandsworth, a gentleman distin- guished alike for his love of natural science and for his refined taste in the arts. No species of this sombre-coloured genus is so varied in its markings as the present bird, which is at once distinguished from its congeners by its bicoloured tail and rufescent chest. The specimens in my own collection were recently transmitted to me by M. Warszewiez, the intrepid traveller now engaged in search of botanical rarities in the most remote parts of the vast forests of the great Andean Ranges of the New World. In order to give a just idea of this new species, I have figured it in various positions on one of the beautiful Orchids of the country in which it is found, namely the Sobrala decora. Judging from the other members of the genus Glaucis, but little difference will be found in the colouring of the plumage of the two sexes. Crown of the head, neck, scapularies, back and upper tail-coverts dark shining bronzy green ; lores and streak behind the eye black, above the posterior portion of which is a streak of white, and beneath it another commencing at the angle of the bill; chin dark brown; on the centre of the throat a patch of rufous; under surface brownish grey, with bronzy reflexions ; wings purple-brown; under tail-coverts bronzy green; two centre tail-feathers dark shining green, slightly tipped with white; the remainder white at the base and tip, the central portion being occupied by a broad band of brownish black ; upper mandible black; basal three-fourths of the under mandible yellow, the tip black. The figures are of the natural size. ns 8 X Ns q Ss 9 a a " 8 8 rR SS 8 & = 5 IYI UH 3 4 2 LH cm i IMTIHHI | } h GLAUCIS FRASERI, Gould. Fraser’s Hermit. Glaucis Ruckeri, Sclat. in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxviii. p- 296. «Mr. Fraser collected at Babahoyo, in Ecuador, specimens of a bird which both Dr. Sclater and myself considered to be identical with the Glaucis Ruckeri, but which, on a more minute comparison with specimens from Veragua, I find to be sufficiently different to entitle it to be regarded as distinct; I have therefore named it after its discoverer, as a just tribute to one who has played a good part in the furtherance of science. The G. Fraseri differs from G. Ruckeri in being rather larger in size, in having a smaller amount of rusty red on the chest, and in having a decidedly grey breast; in other respects the two birds are similar.” The foregoing paragraph appears in the Introduction, and I really have nothing to add to it respecting the history of this bird. In favour of its being distinct, I may remark that it is quite an exceptional case for a species to range over so many degrees of latitude as those between the country frequented by the G. Ruckeri and that of which the present bird isa native. Whether the G. Ruckert and G. Frasert will prove to be local varieties of one and the same species, time anda more intimate knowledge of the Zrochilide inhabiting the western coast of America can alone determine ; for the present they should, in my opinion, be regarded as two different species. Whether any variation occurs in the outward appearance of the sexes is entirely unknown ; in all probability they will be precisely similar in the colouring of their plumage. Mr. Fraser states that this species was ‘found on the edge of the virgin forest; always solitary ; generally in dark and lonely places, and very restless.” All the upper surface and wing-coverts green, inclining to bronzy brown on the head; wings deep purplish brown; two centre tail-feathers green, deepening into black and tipped with white ; the remainder white at the base and at the tip, the intermediate space being occupied by a broad zone of black ; an obscure line of buffy white descends from the base of the bill; oneach side behind the eye a greyish-white spot ; throat blackish brown, succeeded by a spot of dull rusty red; breast and flanks deep olive-green mingled with grey; abdomen grey ; under tail-coverts lustrous olive-green, some of them margined with buff ; upper mandible black ; lower mandible yellow, with a dark tip ; legs and feet flesh-colour ; irides hazel. The figures are of the size of life. The plant is the Cattleya maxima. Zillmanied & Walter. Lp SS nS INN i 3 ng 2 i Minden THRENETES LEUCURUS. White-tailed Barbed-throat. Trochilus leucurus, Linn. Syst. Nat., vol. i. p- 190.—Ib. Gmel. Edit., vol. i p. 487.—Latl : : oS) i. . . ath. Ind. Orn., vol. i. p. 307.—Less. Hist. Nat. des Col., p. 83. pl. 22.—Vieill. Eney. Méth. Orn., part i. p. 553. pl. 129. fig. 5—Dumont, Dict. des Sei. Nat., tom. _ p. 92.—Drapiez, Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat., tom. iv. p: 317. Polytmus Surinamensis, Briss. Orn., vol. iii. p: 674.—Id. 8vo, vol. ii. p: 22. Colibri a Collier rouge, Buff. Hist. des Ois., tom. vi. p- 59.—Ib. Pl. Enl. 600. fig. 4.—Vieill Ois. dor., tom. i. p. 128. : ? White-tailed Humming-Bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. ii. p. 757.—Edw., pl. 256. fig. 2.—Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. vii. p. 293.—Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p- 308. : Rufous-throated Humming-Bird, Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p. 308. Polytmus leucurus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 21. Glaucis leucurus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 67, Glaucis, sp. 2. Tuar the present species was known to Linneus, and to most of the writers on Natural History who lived prior to that great Naturalist, is quite certain; yet at the present day how few are the examples of it to be met with in the collections of Europe! It is undoubtedly a native of Surinam and the neighbouring conti- nental states ; and it is very surprising that so ornamental and well-marked a species should not have more frequently attracted the collector’s notice, and been sent home in abundance. Judging from the specimens I have had opportunities of examining, there would appear to be little difference in the colouring of the sexes. In its form and structure, this species offers, in my opinion, considerable affinity to the members of the genus Glaucis, which also tenant the same regions, and display very similar habits. M. Bourcier tells me that it has also been sent from British Guiana, but that it rarely occurs in collec- tions from Cayenne. Head, all the upper surface, upper wing-coverts, two central tail-feathers, sides of the neck, breast and flanks, shining olive-green ; wings purplish brown ; lateral tail-feathers white, stained on the apical half of the outer margin and the tip of the outer feather with dark brown ; a crescent of the same, but of a much paler hue at the tip of the next; a still fainter mark of the same colour near the tip of the external web of the third, and a nearly obsolete on the chin and throat a lengthened triangular mark of black, bounded on either side by a 1 below by a broad band of deep sandy buff crossing the throat; centre overts olive, narrowly edged with greyish buff; bill black, mark of a similar tint in the same situation on the fourth; lores and ear- coverts brown ; narrow line of greyish white, anc of the abdomen greyish buff; under tail-c with the cutting of the upper mandible and the basal three-fourths of the under one pearly white ; feet yellow. The figures are of the natural size. > y f ay Ss S| X ne JS >» Mil 5 ee oF 4 HHI | I" THRENETES CERVINICAUDA, Gowda. Fawn-tailed Barbed-throat. Threnetes cervinicauda, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxii. p- 109. How constantly are we receiving novelties from the richly wooded districts bordering the River Napo, and how many fine birds appear to inhabit this luxuriant region !—-a zone, as it were, intermediate between the elevated portions of the great Andean ranges and the flat lands of the eastern parts of South America. The present highly interesting bird is from this district. Of the three examples contained in my collection, two are tolerably perfect, the third is minus the tail ; still they afford me sufficient materials to enable me to give a correct delineation of the species. Every ornithologist who has paid attention to the Trochilide will see that this new bird is very closely allied to the Threnetes Jeucurus, but that it differs in its much larger size, in the colouring of the tail, and in the rich hue of its throat-mark. Head, all the upper surface, upper wing-coverts, two central tail-feathers, sides of the neck, breast, and flanks shining olive-green ; wings purplish brown; lateral tail-feathers deep fawn-colour, stained on the apical half of the outer margin and the tip of the outer feather with dark brown; a crescent of the same, but of a much paler hue, at the tip of the next; a still fainter mark of the same colour near the tip of the external web of the third; and a nearly obsolete mark of a similar tint, in the same situation, on the fourth; lores and ear-coverts brown; on the chin and throat a lengthened triangular mark of black, bounded on either side by a narrow line of greyish white, and below by a broad band of deep sandy-buff crossing the throat ; centre of the abdomen greyish buff; under tail-coverts olive, narrowly edged with greyish buff; bill black, with the cutting edge of the upper mandible and the basal three-fourths of the under one pearly white ; feet yellow. The figures are of the size of life. The plant is the Hchites Franciscea, var. floribus sulphureis. 3 | Ab i | 3 ony ee THRENETES ANTONIA. Sooty Barbed-throat. Trochilus Antonie, Bourc. et Muls. in Ann. de la Soc. d’Agr. &c. de Lyon, 1846, p. 329. Polytmus Antonie, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 37. Lamporms Antonie, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 72, Lophornis, sp. 8. Auruoven this species has been long known to ornithologists, it was only in the year 1846 that it received a scientific appellation, M. Bourcier then assigning to it the name of Antone in honour of Madame Antonia Perroud, the wife of a learned entomologist. Since then it has been transferred to the genus Polytmus by Mr. G. R. Gray, and to Lampornis by the Prince of Canino. That it does not belong to either of those genera, or to any other at present established, is certain, and I have therefore been necessitated to propose a new generic term for it and its near ally 7. Jeucurus. 'The circumstance of its having remained so long undescribed by Lesson and others, who have professed to give complete monographs of this group of birds, is doubtless due to its being unadorned by any brilliant or metallic colouring ; its sombre plumage, however, does not, in my opinion, detract from its interest as a species ; for in the economy of nature, this dull-coloured bird plays a part of equal consequence with those of its most gaily attired allies. The native country of the 7. Antonie is Cayenne, and the neighbouring countries ; but the precise extent of its range has not yet been ascertained: I have never seen it from Trinidad or Northern Brazil. The sexes are very similar in the colouring of their plumage, and I have seen specimens which appear to be immature, which do not materially differ. The entire plumage both above and beneath of a very dark greenish bronze ; wings dark purplish brown ; central tail-feathers greenish bronze; lateral feathers purplish brown, glossed at the base with greenish bronze ; bill brownish black ; feet light yellow. The Plate represents two examples of the natural size. The plant is a species of Sia, common in the country where the bird is found. autel & Walton trp Hultré 3 =| Eas, ol =*| & —— a =a & =~ =f fa Cy oe ate a PHAETHORNIS EURYNOME. EKurynome Hermit. Trochilus Eurynome, Less. Troch., p: JE. pk al. Eurynomus, Sard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii. p. 121. pl. 28. Phetornis eurynomus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, Phetornis, sp. 5. Wuen M. Lesson published his ‘Trochilidées” in 1831, he had only seen two examples of this elegant species, one in the possession of M. Bévalet, and the other in the collection of M. Longuemare ; since that period so many have been sent from Rio de Janeiro, that it is evident the bird must be very abundant in that part of Brazil. I have examined at least a hundred specimens of different ages and sexes, all of which were very similar, the females merely differing from the males in being of a smaller size: among those in my possession, however, are two specimens clothed in the usual style of plumage, but having a rich pink tint pervading the lower part of the abdomen, deepening in one of them to a reddish hue; the feet have also evidently been of the same colour: in the absence of all data respecting this singular state of colouring, I am induced to believe it to be attributable to some peculiar and at present unknown cause, rather than an indication that these individuals belong to a distinct species. Head dark blackish brown, each feather margined with reddish, which is more apparent in some speci- mens than others; back of the neck, wing-coverts, and upper surface dark green, with a slight golden reflexion, all the feathers scaled with brown, particularly on the upper tail-coverts ; wings purplish brown ; basal portion of the tail of the same colour as the back, but deepening into black towards the tips of the lateral feathers and the middle of the two central ones, the lateral feathers with a mark of white at their tips resembling the letter V; apical half of the central feathers white; over the eye a broad stripe of reddish buff; over the ear-coverts a large patch of black; from the angle of the beak on either side is a streak of buff; feathers of the throat brownish black, margined with buff; all the under surface greyish brown, assuming a sooty hue on the breast, and washed with buff on the vent and under tail-coverts ; upper mandible and tip of the lower one black, basal three-fourths of the latter orange ; feet brownish yellow. Total length, 63 inches; bill, 15%; wing, 27; tail, 2$; tarsus, >. The above is the average admeasurement of several males; the females assimilate to the males in the style of their colouring, but are of a much smaller size, and the young assume the adult colouring from the nest. All the nests I have seen have been attached to the pendent leaves of palms and other trees growing in the neighbourhood of water or in humid situations, and the ingenuity with which these little birds attach their nests with cobwebs and other slight materials to the leaves is truly wonderful: the beautiful nest represented is formed of the most delicate tendrils and roots of trees; it is a somewhat shallow and frail structure, lengthened into a point below. I believe that the eggs, which are white, are generally two in number. The figures are all of the natural size. a lth Paige uhd and. t HAVIN} 4 mii 3 2 i ITV INNUH | | Looe F = aN ee PHAETHORNIS SUPERCILIOSUS. Cayenne Hermit. Trochilus supercilosus, Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p- 189.—Ib. Gmel. Edit., tom. i. p. 485.— Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii. p. 284.—Vieill. Eney. Méth. Orn., part ii. p. 549. pl. 129. fig. 2—Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat., tom. x. p. 46.—Drapiez, Dict. Class. d’ Hist. Nat., tom. iv. p- 317.—Less. Hist. Nat. des Col., p. 395. pl. 6.—Ib. Ind. Gen. et Syn. des Ois. du Gen. Trochilus, p. xiv.—Ib. Traité d’Orn., p. 288.— Jard. Nat. Lib., Humming-birds, vol. ii. p. 119. pls. 26, 27.—Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. p. 241.—Prince Max. Beit. zur Naturg. von Bras., pe EEO. Polytmus Cayennensis longicaudus, Briss. Orn., tom. iii. p. 686. pl. xxxv. fig. 5. Le Brin blanc, Buff. Hist. Nat. des Ois., tom. vi. p- 46.—Vieill. Ois. Dor., pp. 37, 38, 39. pis. 17, 18, 19. Colibri a longue queue de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 600. fig. 3. Phetornis superciliosus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104, Phetornis, sp. 1.—Bonap. Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 249. Phaétornis superciliosus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 67, Phaétornis, sp. 1. Phaéthorms supercilosus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 14. Supercilious Humming-bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. i. p. 747.—Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii. p. 234.—Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p. 293. Lesson has given a tolerably good figure of this species in the fourth plate of his ‘Histoire Naturelle des Colibris,” while the figure in the next plate, which he states to be the female, has reference not only to another species, but to one pertaining to a distinct form, to which the generic appellation of G/aucis has been given: it represents, in fact, either the young of G@. Airsutus or G. Mazeppa, as is shown by the concentric marks on the back, and the pointed white tips of the tail-feathers. It is surprising that Lesson should have thus erred, for had he studied the members of the genus Phaéthornis even but superficially, he must have observed that no difference occurs in the colouring of the sexes, and that the young assume the livery and the same form of tail as the adults from the earliest age. The Phaéthornis superciliosus appears to have been known to Linnzus and most of the older writers. It is one of the commonest species of the genus, examples having been sent to Europe for at least the last hundred years. Its native countries are Guiana, Cayenne, and Surinam; its range is known to extend towards Brazil as far as the confluence of the Amazon, but, I believe, does not advance farther south than Bahia, which Mr. Reeves informs me is one of the provinces in which it is found. It is believed that the sexes differ little in colour, but that in size the female is a trifle smaller than her mate. The term superciliosus applied to this species is by no means an appropriate or distinctive appellation, all the species of the genus being similarly marked; but a name once applied cannot be changed. Head, upper surface and wing-coverts bronzy brown, darkest on the head; lores and ear-coverts blackish brown, bounded above and below by stripes of buff; wings dark purplish brown ; rump and upper tail-coverts barred with bronze and brown; lateral tail-feathers bronzy green at the base, the apical portion blackish brown, with an arrow-head-shaped mark of buff at the tip ; blackish brown for the setond third of their length, the prolonged or apical third white, gradually blending with the dark hue of the middle portion ; under surface dusky fawn-colour, clouded with dark brown approaching to black on the throat ; under tail-coverts buff; upper of the under mandible fleshy red, the tip black. The figures are of the size of life. The plant is the Astrocaryum rostratum. two centre tail-feathers bronzy green at the base, mandible black ; the basal three-fourths ee 5 d 4 mF iene III IVINN mii 3 2 gi cen” ial PHAETHORNIS FRATE RCULUS, Gow. Allied Hermit. {n figuring this bird in the present monograph, I do not insist that it is a new species, or that it is by any means rare; on the contrary, scarcely a single collection arrives from Cayenne and the neighbouring countries which does not comprise examples of it. Still I cannot find that it has been described ; and that it has not been is also the opinion of M. Bourcier, of Paris; and the only question in our minds is whether it can possibly be the female, or one or other sex of the P. malaris (P. superciliosus of this work). If this should ultimately prove to be the case, a similar disparity in the size of the sexes does not occur in any other species. Having said thus much, I leave the investigation of the subject to those ornithologists who may hereafter write on the subject, or to those who may have opportunities for observing the bird in a state of nature. I ought to mention that, besides the great difference in size, the P. Jraterculus differs in having a somewhat more curved bill than P. madaris. Crown of the head greyish brown ; upper surface and wing-coverts bronzy green; lower part of the back and upper tail-coverts paler and with a crescent of deep brown near the tip of each feather ; above and below the eye a stripe of yellowish buff; the interspace, or ear-coverts and lores, brownish black ; wings purplish brown ; throat grey with a stripe of light buff down the centre; the under surface clouded in some specimens with grey; sides of the neck and under tail-coverts pale buffy white ; tail-feathers glaucous green at the base, brownish black in the middle and tipped with an arrow-head-shaped mark of white ; the apical half of the two middle feathers white ; upper mandible and tip of the under mandible black, the remaining portion of the latter being yellowish or flesh-colour ; feet yellowish brown. The figures are of the size of life. The plant is the 4ngrecum funale. HAUT IT AA a 4 2 i YN] | kL ta a a ae ans a ee IS PHAETHORNIS CEPHALUS. Mexican Hermit. Trochilus cephalus, Boure. et Muls. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 269.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. iii. Supp. App. 30 a., App. to vol. i. p- 103. —— longirostris, De Latt. Echo du Monde Savant, June 15, 1843, No. 45. col. 1070? Phetornis cephalus, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 249. Ptyonornis cephalus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p- 14. Tue occurrence of this bird in Veragua, Guatemala and Mexico proves that the larger Phaéthorni are not confined to the countries south of the Isthmus, but, like many other forms, are represented in Central America by species peculiar to that part of the continent. The Phaéthornis cephalus was first brought to this country by M. Sallé, the celebrated French traveller and collector; the single specimen he first procured, and from which M. Bourcier took his description, was for a long time the only one known; it is now in my own collection. This example bears a label purporting that it was killed by M. Sallé on the “ Riviere San Juan de Nicaragua.” Besides this original specimen, I possess others which were transmitted to me direct from Guatemala by George U. Skinner, Esq., and have more recently acquired others which were collected by M. Sallé near, I believe, Cordova in Southern Mexico. I observe that some variation exists in the colouring of the tips of the outer tail-feathers, attributable, I believe, to a difference in the age of the individuals. In the original or typical specimen, the tips of all the tail-feathers, except those of the two middle ones, are of a uniform buff, while in others this buffy colouring occupies only the inner margins of the feathers, the outer margins being white, and in others again both margins are white. In size the P. cephalus nearly equals the P. superciliosus, but it differs from that species in having a shorter and more curved bill and a shorter and more rounded tail; the four external feathers on each side being individually less acutely pointed ; the crown of the head in P. cephalus is also darker, the rump-feathers more buffy, and the colouring of the under surface of a lighter or more uniform buff than in P. supercilosus. It has been considered probable by one or two ornithological friends that a bird described by M. De Lattre in the “ Echo du Monde Savant” for June 1843, under the name of Trochilus longirostris, may be identical with the present species, in which case his name would have the priority ; but it could scarcely be retained with propriety, that appellation having been bestowed upon another member of the family. Head greyish brown; upper surface and wing-coverts bronzy brown; lower part of the back and upper tail-coverts buff, barred with blackish brown ; wings purplish brown ; lores and ear-coverts blackish brown, bounded above and below by stripes of buffy white; under surface light greyish buff; down the centre of the throat a line of pure buff, bounded on either side by a clouding of grey; all the tail-feathers bronzy green at the base, passing into brownish black, the lateral feathers with an arrow-head-shaped mark of buff at the tip; the apical or lengthened portion of the two middle feathers white, gradually blending with the dark hue of their middle portion; upper mandible black ; basal three-fourths of the under mandible fleshy, the tip black. The figures are the size of life. The plant is the Brassavola lineata. 7 7 iG US ) « % OF iL TOWMNL > | iy Nt VAUUULYLULYSAUHH a 2 om 4 tnt inf i PHAETHORNIS SYRMATOPHORUS, Gow. Train-bearing Hermit. Phaéthorms Syrmatophorus, Gould in Jard. Orn. Cont., 1851. I am indebted to Professor Jameson of Quito for several examples of this new species of Phaéthornis, which had been procured in the neighbourhood of that city. In all probability, the eastern portions of Peru, from the Equator to Bolivia, are the true and proper habitat of the bird. Certain it is, that I have never seen examples from any part of Columbia, which tends to strengthen this supposition. The species to which it seems to be most nearly allied is the P. Eurynome; but it differs from that and every other I have seen in several particulars, namely in the rich buffy hue which pervades the lower part of the abdomen and the under tail-coverts ; in the zone of rich buff which occupies the lower part of the back and the upper tail-coverts ; in the lateral tail-feathers being very short, and largely tipped with buff; in the two central tail-feathers being very long, much broader and of a looser texture; and moreover, having their apical halves pure white, which renders them very conspicuous, and has suggested the specific name of Syrmatophorus or 'Train-bearer. Mr. Bridges brought from Bolivia a single specimen of a bird so closely resembling this species in general appearance, that I am inclined to think it may be a female of the present bird, the chief differences being its smaller size, and the somewhat narrower form of the apical halves of the central tail-feathers : it may, however, prove to be distinct. Crown of the head and back of the neck dark brown, most of the feathers narrowly edged with buff; back and shoulders bronzy green, with crescentic bands of buff; rump and upper tail-coverts rich buff, forming a conspicuous mark; chin white; a buffy-white mark surmounts the eye, and extends backward down the sides of the neck; chest, abdomen, and under tail-coverts rich buff; basal half of the two central tail-feathers black on the edges, and green in the centre; their apical half white; lateral feathers greyish black, largely tipped with buff; wings purplish brown; upper mandible blackish brown; under mandible orange-red ; feet brown. The figures are of the natural size. The beautiful plant is the Rondeletia versicolor. i roy PHAETHORNIS PHILIPPL De Filippi’s Hermit. Trochilus Philippi, Boure. Ann. de la Soc. Sci. de Lyon, 1847, p. 623. aaa De Filippii, Boure. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 401. Phetornis Philippi, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 104, Phetornis, sp. 18. Phaétornis philippi, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 68, Paétornis, sp. 18. Orthornis defilippi, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 249. Ametrornis De Filippi, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 14. I am indebted for many favours to M. Bourcier, the great Trochilidist of France, who has paid more attention to the Humming Birds than any other person on the Continent. In his Collection there are some unique species, and this, which is one of them, has been kindly transmitted to me by that gentleman for the purpose of being figured in the present work. It is a well-marked and very distinct species, differing from all the other members of the genus Phaéthornis in its rather long and almost straight bill; in the four lateral tail-feathers on each side being very conspicuously tipped with chestnut-red, and offering a great contrast to the tips of the two central feathers, which are terminated with white. In the rufous colouring of its upper and under tail-coverts it also differs from most of its congeners. Iam unable to say in what part of South America this bird was procured, and I believe that M. Bourcier is equally unaware of its proper habitat. Dr. Reichenbach states that it is from Bolivia, on what authority I know not. Here then we have further evidence that our knowledge of the Zrochilide is still very incomplete, the single example of this species here represented being, so far as I am aware, the only one yet sent to Europe. M. Bourcier has named it after Dr. De Filippi, Professor of Zoology in the University of Milan. Head, upper surface and wing-coverts bronzy green, slightly tinged with brown; upper tail-coverts bronzy brown, largely tipped with rufous; four lateral tail-feathers largely tipped with rufous, below this a zone of brownish black, their basal portions bronzy green; the two middle feathers are brownish black for about two-thirds of their length from their base, the apical third being white; wings purplish brown ; all the under surface, from the chin to the vent, and the under tail-coverts rich reddish buff; upper mandible brownish black; under mandible, except the extreme tip, straw- or perhaps flesh-colour ; feet light brown. The figures are of the natural size. =~ ish white, presenting a rough shaggy appearance ; there is also a white line running down the centre of the throat to the breast; abdomen greyish white ; under tail-coverts t of the lower mandible black, the basal portion of the latter ashy brown with grey margins ; wing's purplish brown ; upper mandible and poin yellow ; irides black ; feet yellowish. The figures are of the size of life. The plant is the Anguloa uniflora. Srp. 72 Waléc Hillmanda & EL r; E I eS f a t qn i} foment lol Fr] - A ] OU ¥ hizchtar del & lath eee rel SI Gould and H ( 5 | UYHNUUHN 4 TD 2 3 or 3 os PHAETHORNIS ANTHOPHILUS. Pallid Hermit. Trochilus Anthophilus, Boure. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 71.—Ib. Ann. des Sci. Phys. &c. de Lyon, tom. vi. p. 47. Phetornis anthophilus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104, Phetornis, sp. 15.—Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 249. Phaétornis anthophilus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 68, Phaétornis, sp. 16. Tuts somewhat rare species of Phaéthornis, described for the first time by M. Bourcier under the above name, is a native of Columbia, a fact which has been ascertained by my having received several specimens direct from Bogota: I mention this particularly, because, at the time M. Bourcier characterized the species, he appears not to have been aware of its true habitat. In size this species is intermediate between Phaéthornis Eurynome and P. Bourcieri. The form of its outspread tail is somewhat peculiar; the feathers not being regularly graduated like those of P. Pretrei and P. Augusti, but forming a complete semicircle with the two lengthened middle feathers projecting from the centre. The sexes are alike in colour. Crown of the head dark greyish brown ; upper surface green slightly tinged with bronze ; wings purplish brown ; tail pale green clouded with black near the extremity, and fringed with an arrow-head-shaped mark of greyish white at the tip, the prolonged extremity of the two centre feathers being entirely greyish white ; above and behind the eye a streak of light buff; ear-coverts brownish black ; throat and under surface pale greyish white, tinged with buff on the flanks; lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts, centre of the chin and throat obscurely streaked with brownish black ; upper mandible black ; under mandible yellow except at the tip, which is black. The figures are of the natural size. Ss <= del BC Richter cild anc 3 HHYIIUNNNN 3 4 2 HUET If tyHIIl ' ER FPA LA _—<—— _ PHAETHORNIS BOURCIERL. Bourcier’s Hermit. Trochilus Bourcieri, Less. Les 'Troch., p. 62. pl. 18. Phetornis Bourcieri, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. 1. p. 104, Phetornis, sp. 9. Phaétornis bourcieri, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 67, Phaétornis, sp. 9. I peLieve Cayenne to be the native country of this species of Phaéthornis, which, although assimilating in colour to many of its allies, may be readily distinguished by the nearly straight form of its bill and by the almost uniform greyish white tint of the throat and under surface; in size it is much smaller than P. super- ciliosus or P. Eurynome. M. Lesson has named this pretty species Bourcieri, in honour of a gentleman whose collection of the Trochilidee is the most celebrated and complete on the Continent; whose devotion to the subject is so well known, and who, by his researches while Consul for the French Government at Quito, has contributed so largely to our knowledge of this lovely group of birds. The sexes are alike in plumage, but the female is smaller than the male. Head, upper surface and wing-coverts bronzy green ; wings purplish brown ; tail-coverts bronzy green, with a crescent of brown near the extremity, and tipped with buff ; on the middle of the feathers and on the extremity of their inner we the extreme end of the inner web fringed with whitish ; the lengthened and narrower portion of the two black, gradually passing ‘nto the white of their apices; under surface greyish , and clouded with dusky on the flanks; upper at the point, where it becomes of a dark brown tail bronzy green, deepening into black bs; the tip of the outer web buff, and central feathers brownish buff, palest on the throat, abdomen and under tail-coverts mandible dark brown ; under mandible straw-yellow, except hue; feet yellowish brown. In young birds the feathers of the upper surface are fringed with rufous. The front figure is of the natural size. ™ 3 A > } U u " 7 5 ; fi Ff i] } rn 6 Fj ! | a} ; lal " | x i N [A i a | 4 3 UNNNNNNVINIIUTINIHH nm ITI i cm HIITI PHAETHORNIS GUY. Guy’s Hermit. Trochilus Guy, Less. Les Troch., p- 119. pl. 44. Phetornis Guy, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 104, Phetornis, sp. 6. Phaétornis Guy, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 67, Phaétornis, sp. 6. Trochilus apicalis, Licht. in Mus. Berlin.—T sch. Consp. Av., No. 199.—Ib. Faun. Peruana, p- 243. Phetornis apicalis, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104, Phetornis, sp. 17. Phaétornis apicalis, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 68, Phaétornis, sp. 17. Trochilus Emilie, Boure. Ann. de la Soc. d’Agr. Hist. Nat. ete. de Lyon, 1846, p. 317? A LENGTHENED, but well-proportioned form, with wings and tail in every way in unison, renders this species of Phaéthornis one of the most elegant members of the genus yet discovered. At the same time, the changes of plumage, to which it appears to be subjected, are both numerous and perplexing ; some specimens having the head much browner than others, the stripes down the throat more rufous, and the sides of the throat more extensively glossed with green: considerable difference occurs also in the form and colouring of the tail, some having the apical half of the lateral feathers nearly uniform black, and of a somewhat short and rounded form, with the prolonged portion of the central feathers very narrow; while in others, the lateral feathers are margined with white, and have the prolonged portion of the central tail- feathers broader and longer. M. Bourcier has characterized a bird, the description of which closely accords with that of the specimens with the black tail, under the name of 7. Emilie; but I possess numerous examples, inter- mediate in every respect between the states above described; and I am, therefore, inclined to think that his bird is only one of the states of the present species: still his view may be the correct one, and a further acquaintance with the subject may convince me that such is the case; but at present it appears to me that his 7. Emilie is identical with P. Guy. In the present state of uncertainty I am unable to say if any sexual differences of colour really exist, and it is, therefore, a subject to which I would particularly direct the attention of those who, residing in the country, may have opportunities for determining this point by actual dissection. The habitat of P. Guy is Cayenne, La Trinité, Venezuela, and Santa Fé de Bogota, over which countries it is very generally dispersed. Upper surface and wing-coverts glossy green; the feathers of the head inclining to brown, and narrowly edged with deep dull rufous ; wings purple brown; upper tail-coverts glaucous green, with a crescent of black, and another of white at the tip; lores and ear-coverts blackish brown; a stripe above and behind the eye, another from the gape, and a third down the centre of the throat, deep buff; under surface ashy grey, glossed with green on the flanks, and passing into buff on the vent; tail-feathers glaucous green at the base, and black for the remainder of their length, the central ones largely tipped, and the lateral ones fringed on the outer portion of their tips with white ; under tail-coverts greyish white, with darker centres ; upper mandible and tip of the lower mandible black ; basal two-thirds of the lower mandible fleshy red ; feet brown. The figures are of the natural size. atl t Vall 5 1} f] | | INN 4 3 UY yeni | cm hs 1 a, PHAETHORNIS YARUQUI. Yaruquian Hermit. Trochilus Yaruqu, Boure., Compte Rendu de I’Acad. des Sci., tom. xxxii. p. 187. Tuts fine new species of Phaéthornis is a native of the temperate regions of Ecuador, whence several ex- amples were brought to Europe by M. Bourcier; and my own collection has been enriched by some fine specimens transmitted to me from Quito by Professor Jameson. It appears to be very common in the neighbourhood of the city, and particularly in the valley of Yaruqui, in which the French Academicians in 1742 placed the point from whence they measured an arc of the meridian, and where it dwells amidst the small bushes skirting the forest, but appears to give a preference to the shady parts of the woods bordering the warmer plains, where it seeks its insect food among the Orchids and other flowering plants growing in such situations. Its flight is described as being gentle, and its disposition as very tame. Its broad and nearly uniform steel-black tail at once distinguishes it from Phaéthornis Guy, to which it is nearly allied. Like that bird, it is subject to considerable variation in the form of the tail, that organ being much more lengthened in some instances than in others; the longer tailed specimens also have the lateral feathers fringed, and the two central ones extensively tipped with white. That the birds in this state are immature, is shown by the brown crescentic marks on the feathers of the back of the head and upper surface, which are entirely absent in those having the shorter and more rounded form of tail, with the lateral feathers of a uniform colour. The central tail-feathers are always broader and much more obtusely pointed than those of P. Guy. In some specimens we find a deep rufous mark, commencing above and behind the eye to the nape; a second fainter line from the gape down the side of the neck, and a third occupying tne centre of the throat, as in P. Guy; but these marks do not occur in very old birds. Head bronzy brown; upper and under surface and wing-coverts shining green; wings dark purplish black ; upper tail-coverts green, with a crescent of black, and another of white at the tip; tail bluish black ; the two central feathers tipped with white, and the next on each side with a small speck of white at the tip; under tail-coverts white, with a streak of black near the tip of each feather ; upper and point of the lower mandible black ; basal two-thirds of the lower mandible fleshy red ; feet yellowish brown. In the immature state, the colouring of the upper surface is interrupted by crescentic marks of brown; the central tail-feathers are more largely tipped, and the lateral ones are fringed at their ends with white ; there is a deep buffy mark above, and a paler one beneath the eye, and a small mark of white on the chin. The figures are of the natural size, on the Macleania angulata. Ia Hullmandd & Walien wand HC Richter. dd a lith / Gculd 5 iN | | Ui 3 4 2 pnt \ ; L = ar PHAETHORNIS PRETREL Pretre’s Hermit. Trochilus Pretrei, De Latt. et Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 20. Phetornis Pretrei, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 104, Phetornis, sp. 16. pl. xxxy. Phaetornis pretrii, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 68, Phaetornis, sp. 15.—Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 249. Norwirustanpine the total absence of any metallic or lustrous colouring in this species, 1t is recommended to our notice by the extreme elegance of its form and by the strongly-contrasted markings of its tail. Of its history and appearance when flying in its native forests, nothing has yet I believe been recorded; we may, however, justly conclude that it is a most conspicuous object when on the wing, its sombre tints pre- senting a marked contrast to the vivid green of the surrounding vegetation. The virgin forests of Brazil, from the mouth of the Amazon to Bahia, are the situations whence we receive the greater part of our spe- cimens ; but it is said that it inhabits districts still farther south, and even flies in Minas-Geraes. I have never seen it in collections from the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, and I believe it never occurs in that province. It may be ranked among the largest species of the Phaéthorni, and also among the most con- spicuously-marked species of the genus. T apprehend that the colouring of the under mandible is extremely evanescent, as in most of the speci- mens received in this country, the red has given place to a lighter colour, and in some instances to yellow ; I have, however, specimens of recently-killed individuals in which the blood-red colouring is perfectly pre- served, and in this state I have figured it. It is possible that at the period just prior to the season of repro duction this fiery hue may be much heightened, and that at other times a yellow tint may prevail. Among the numerous specimens in my collection I can trace no marked difference in the sexes, except that of size; the female, as is the case I believe with all the other members of the genus, being somewhat the smallest. All the upper surface rich bronze, becoming of a browner hue on the head; wings purple-brown ; upper tail-coverts rust-red; two centre tail-feathers rich bronze, largely tipped with white, the basal portion of which is clouded with black ; lateral tail-feathers bronze at the base, then crossed diagonally with black and tipped with white, the white extending farther towards the base on the outer than on the inner web; stripes above and below the eye buff; lores and ear-coverts black ; under surface deep fawn colour with a lighter streak down the throat; upper mandible and apical fourth of the under mandible black ; the basal three- fourths of the under mandible blood-red. The figures are of the natural size. Thoudla 5 4 nu i 3 2 iy HNNN\NNTTHHHIT ' } en PHAETHORNIS AUGUSTI. Sallé’s Hermit. Trochilus Augusti, Boure. Ann. des Sci. Phys. &c. de Lyon, tom. x. p- 623. ED 2 wine. 4 > Vax ¢ oe \ : al oe = = : Phetornis Augusta, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104, Phetornis, sp. 19. ——— augusti, Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 249. Phaétornis augustae, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av.., p- 68, Phaétornis, sp. 19. In form and general contour the Phaéthornis Augusti is so nearly allied to the P. Pretrei, that were skeletons of both placed side by side, I apprehend it would be most difficult if not impossible to distinguish one from the other; still I have no doubt as to their specific value, and I am quite sure that no ornithologist would question their being quite distinct. They beautifully represent each other in the countries they respectively inhabit. The present species, P. Augusti, is a native of the rich countries of Venezuela and Caraccas. I have never seen it in collections from Bogota, or any of the more elevated regions ; we may consequently infer that the forests of the lowland countries I have mentioned constitute its principal if not sole habitat. If the P. Augusti and P. Pretrei differ at all in size, the former may be considered the smallest; it also differs from its near ally in being rather less beautifully bronzed on the upper surface, in having narrower central tail-feathers, and especially in the hue of the under surface, which is lively grey instead of rich fawn colour, a feature by which it may be at once distinguished. This somewhat rare species was described for the first time by M. Bourcier, in 1847, when it was dedicated by him to M. Auguste Salle, an enterprising traveller who collected numerous species of the Trochilide and other groups of birds during his journeys into the interior of Central America. As is the case with the other members of the genus, the sexes are alike in plumage, and nearly so in size: figures of both are given on the accompanying Plate. The plant is the Stemonacanthus macrophyllus, which is very generally diffused over the northern parts of South America. Upper surface greyish bronze, becoming more bronzy on the back; upper tail-coverts rust-red; wings purplish brown; central tail-feathers bronze, largely tipped with white and clouded with black at the junc- tion of the two colours; the lateral feathers black at the base, crossed obliquely with black and tipped with white, the extent of the white increasing as the feathers approach the centre, and conspicuously so on those next the two middle ones ; stripe above and another below the eye white ; lores and ear-coverts black ; under surface ashy grey, with a lighter streak down the throat ; upper mandible and terminal fourth of the under mandible black ; basal three-fourths of the under mandible blood-red. The figures are of the natural size. i * S . ; v i 5 H . hy | oars ‘ eer M = ( i 4 =!) F =e 5 — i — ‘ = 4 = 5 a Satie) | aM ‘ PHAETHORNIS INTERMEDIUS. Middle-sized Hermit. Trochilus intermedius, Less. Les Troch., p. 65. pl. 19. Phetorms intermedius, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104, Phetornis, sp. 8. ee : : in = Phaétornis intermedius, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 67, Phaétornis, sp. 8. Tur members of the genus Phaéthornis form a distinct and well-marked section of the Trochilide, and as the species are very numerous and very widely dispersed, they must play a considerable part in the economy of nature in the portions of the country they frequent ; the present bird is an inhabitant of Brazil, to which country I believe it to be solely confined: from the notes of Mr. Reeves I learn that it is very common in all the virgin forests near Rio de Janeiro, and that its habits and economy closely resemble those of P. Eurynome and the other members of the genus. It is by no means an attractive species, either in its colouring or in any other particular, and is indeed more sombre in its general appearance than any of its allies. The only external differences between the sexes consist in the somewhat larger size and bolder style of markings of the male. General hue of the upper surface bronzy brown, glossed with green on the back and wing-coverts ; wings purplish brown ; lateral tail-feathers bronzy green deepening into blackish brown near the tip, at which is an arrow-head-shaped mark of white tinged with buff, the buff tinge predominating on the two outer feathers ; two central tail-feathers bronzy green for two-thirds of their length, the remaining apical third being white ; above the eye a streak of buff; lores and ear-coverts dark brown, beneath which is another stripe of buff; throat dark brown; under surface buff, clouded with olive-brown on the sides of the neck and flanks ; upper mandible and tip of the under one blackish brown, basal half of the latter buff; feet yellow or flesh-coloured. The figures are of the natural size. 'S/ | , ve = A f 7 h 5 4 ) i fi f | 4 " , | | ; A } | =m Fi = 4 = (4 > J SATU ATT aul 2 i ; i L I PHAETHORNIS LONGUEMAREUS. Longuemare’s Hermit. Trochilus Longuemareus, Less. Les Troch., pp- 15, 160. pls. 2, 62.—Ib. Ind. Gen. et Syn. des Ois. du gen. Trochilus, p- Xv. Phetornis Longuemareus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 104, Phetornis, sp. 11. Phaétornis longuemareus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 67, Phaétornis, sp. 10. Phaéthorms Longuemari, Reich. Aufz. der Col., p. 14. Ir is believed by M. Bourcier and other continental ornithologists that the Phaéthornis Longuemareus and P. intermedius of Lesson are one and the same species ; nevertheless, without doubting such good authorities, I have figured a well-known, but very different Brazilian bird under the latter title, and reserved the former for the present species ; which course I know to be correct, as I possess the identical specimen from which Lesson’s figure and description were taken. So regularly and so gradually do the species of the genus Phaéthornis advance both in size and colouring from the smallest to the largest, that it would be difficult to say to which genus of the group, as subdivided by Prince Charles L. Bonaparte, this bird should be assigned: if these subdivisions be generally adopted, it may remain where the Prince has placed it, with the Pygmornes, in which case it will be the largest species of that genus. If any one member of the Phaéthornes be more commonly sent to Europe than another, it is the bird here represented, which is a native of Guiana, Cayenne and Trinidad. Mr. William Tucker informs me that in the latter country it frequents shady places among the high woods ; and he adds that the sexes are alike in colouring. Crown of the head greyish-brown ; ear-coverts and chin dull black ; all the upper surface, wing- and tail- coverts bronzy-brown ; wings purplish-brown ; under surface, superciliary mark, and stripe from the angle of the mouth buff; under tail-coverts grey ; tail bronzy-green at the base, succeeded by bronzy blackish- brown, which gradually fades into grey near the tip of the two central feathers ; all the feathers tipped with white ; the tips of the lateral ones tinged with buff; upper mandible black ; basal two-thirds of the under mandible yellow, the tip black ; feet pure yellow. The Plate represents the birds of the natural size. The plant is the Neptunia plena. Wade S / =" Ff =r { nm If 2 7 7) | | I ; om 1) WANINTI PHAETHORNIS AMAURA. Amaura Hermit. Pygmorms Amaura, Boure. in Rev. Zool. 1856,-p. 552. Phethorms atrimentahs, Lawr. in Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. vi. p- 260. My collection contains several examples of this species, all of which were obtained from the upper part of the Rio Negro. On submitting them to the inspection of M. Bourcier, that gentleman immediately recog- nized them as being the same as his Pygmornis Amaura, More recently Mr. Lawrence of New York has favoured me with the loan of the type specimen of his Phaéthornis atrimentalis, the sight of which enables me to state that it is precisely identical with my own specimens, consequently the name of atrimentalis must give place to that of maura. In its affinities, this species is more closely allied to the bird I have figured under the name of P. Longuemareus than to any other; from this, however, it differs in its smaller size, and in the black at the throat being streaked and clouded instead of forming a distinct spot. The two birds are evidently representatives of each other in the respective districts they inhabit ; the older-known species frequenting the east, while the newly-discovered one is equally confined to the west. Crown of the head, all the upper surface, wing and tail-coverts dark bronzy green, the tail-coverts mar- gined with deep rufous; wings purplish brown ; tail-feathers bronzy green, passing into brownish green towards the end, and tipped with buffy white; ear-coverts black, bounded above and below with a line of buffy white; chin clouded or streaked with black ; under surface rufous, washed with grey on the breast, and becoming much paler on the under tail-coverts ; upper mandible and apical half of the lower mandible black, the basal half of the latter being yellow ; irides black ; feet yellowish white. The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Leucothoe pulchra. TE u 5 tit ! LVUUINNYINNN | 4 3 gn 2 WULau ryt Se rs a OA eee PHAETHORNIS VIRIDICAUDATA, Gowda. Green-tailed Hermit. Phaéthornis viridicaudata, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxv. p. 14. Ir would appear that some of the smaller members of the genus Phaéthornis have the lower part of the back and upper tail-coverts buff, while in others those parts are uniform with the upper surface; it is the latter style of colouring which prevails in the bird here figured. Its native country is the interior, and I believe the western parts, of Brazil; but its range may extend to the confines of Peru, for there is a specimen in the Museum at Neufchatel, procured by Dr. Tschudi, with the name of pygmeus of Spix attached to it, which, if not identical with this bird, is most closely allied to it. As will be seen on reference to the accompanying Plate, the Phaéthornis viridicaudata is a very pretty species, rendered conspicuous by the rich colouring of the chest and the rather lengthened form of its tail. The two specimens in my collection are all that have come under my notice, unless the bird procured by Dr. Tschudi should prove to be the same. Stripe over and behind the eye buff; crown of the head, upper surface and wing-coverts bronzy grass- green, duller on the head; wings purplish brown ; tail-feathers bronzy grass-green at the base, passing into dark brown towards the extremity, the central feathers tipped with white, and the remainder with white on the apical portion of the external web; chest reddish buff, becoming paler on the abdomen and vent ; an obscure light grey stripe below the eye ; upper mandible black ; basal two-thirds of the lower mandible yellow, tip black ; legs yellow. The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Galpea macrophylla. PHAETHORNIS ZONURA, Gowa. Southern Hermit. Phaéthornis zonura, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxvii. p. 305. Tue group of little Hermits to which Bonaparte applied the generic name of Pygmornis appear to have representatives in every part of South America; at least species exist in all the hotter and temperate portions of that great country. One of them, P. Adolphi, flies to the northward of the Isthmus of Panama and even enters the confines of Mexico ; some occur in New Granada and Ecuador; while others, again, inhabit the Guianas, Cayenne, and Brazil. The bird to which 1 have given the name of P. zonura appears to be the southern representative of the genus, since it is an inhabitant of Peru, and, I believe, of Bolivia; for it was in one or other of these countries that M. Warszewicz killed the specimen which graces my collection. I have also a single, much-mutilated specimen from Ecuador, which appears to belong to this species. The P. zonura must rank among the larger and more powerful of these little birds; it is more distinctly marked than any of them ; and when its tail is outspread in flight, the rich rust colouring of the lower part of the back must present a striking contrast to the deep-black colouring of the tail-feathers. This species is somewhat allied to the P. griseogularis; but its great size, and also the characters above alluded to, will serve to distinguish it from that and every other species. Crown of the head brown; back of the neck, back, and shoulders bronzy green; rump and upper tail- coverts rich reddish buff; all the under surface buff, palest on the throat; three outer tail-feathers on each side black at the base, with rich buffy tips; the fourth feather the same, except at the tip, where the outer half is buff and the inner half white; the two central prolonged feathers black at the base, largely tipped with white ; bill black, except the basal half of the lower mandible, which is either yellow or flesh-colour ; feet yellow. Total length 3} inches; bill 1; wing 14; tail 14. The figures are of the size of life. The plant is the Pélumna fragrans. IS AD OLPHI, Salle ’ Could and HC Feckier az Eidlnvandd, ¢ Watton lrg NN ui 2 3 4 > ee PHAETHORNIS ADOLPHL. Adolph’s Hermit. Phaéthorms Adolphi, Boure. Pygmornis Adolphi, Parzudaki’s List of the Trochilidee. Tue fact of Central America having a fauna peculiarly its own has been frequently mentioned in the pages of the present work; and so decidedly is this the case, that while it comprises certain species and even genera which do not exist elsewhere, the species there found are generally representatives of others inhabiting South America proper, or that portion of the continent to the southward of Panama. Numerous, however, as are the little Phaéthornes inhabiting the latter country, only one has, so far as is yet known, been found in the former—namely the P. Adolphi. M. Sallé, while residing at Cordova, during his recent visit to Mexico, collected numerous specimens of this bird, and appears to have subjected them to a careful examination of their internal parts, in order to ascertain the sexes with certainty; and, if reliance can be placed upon his investigations, it would seem that all those with short and rounded tails are males, while the females have the two central feathers more prolonged, and the lateral ones with a dark zone between their bronzy bases and buff tips. Supposing this information to be correct, a highly interesting fact has been ascertained, and one which will form a key as it were to the sexual markings of other allied species, some of which present similar characters; and it becomes necessary, now, to ascertain if the larger members of the genus Phaéthornis and those of Glaucis are subjected to the same law. Besides specimens from Cordova, I have received many others from a very different locality, Guatemala, whence at least ten individuals were transmitted to me by George Ure Skinner, Esq.; these, however, had not been subjected to dissection. A locality still farther south may, if I mistake not, be assigned to this bird, Mr. Lawrence of New York having a specimen, collected in Veragua, which I believe to be identical with the present species, and which was procured by Dr. Merritt, the discoverer of the interesting albocoronata ; the whole of Central America, therefore, from the Isthmus of Panama to Mexico, may be said to be inhabited by this bird. The species to which it is most nearly allied is the Phaéthornis griseogularts, from which it differs in its larger size, the still darker and more smoky colouring of the under surface, and the uniform deep olive-green colouring of the tail, the lateral feathers of which are not so largely tipped with buff. Head, upper surface and wing-coverts dark bronzy-brown ; tail-coverts rufous; tail dark bronzy-green tipped with buff, fading into white at the extremity ; wings purplish-brown ; ear-coverts dark brown ; under surface buff, with a wash of grey on the throat and breast; upper mandible and apical half of the lower mandible black ; basal half of the latter bright yellow; legs and feet brownish-yellow. The Plate represents the birds of the natural size. a Lat a sewer. “ " RN SR a a Fa er iia OS i co RITE ER, w Hulirrantdel nnn HHUUNNNHI | 4 3 TN 2 TY m4 L PHAETHORNIS GRISEOGULARIS. Grey-throated Hermit. Phaéthornis griseogularis, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., March 25, 1851. TuEre is every reason to believe that this species is spread over all the temperate regions of Columbia and Ecuador: I have frequently seen it in collections from Bogota, and I have had it sent direct from Quito by Professor Jameson, who gives 6000 feet as the altitude at which his specimen was procured; it is a beautiful representative in those regions of the P. eremita and P. pygmea of Brazil: it differs from them in its larger size, in the total absence of any crescentic black mark on the chest, and in having the throat clouded with dark grey instead of buff; the two central tail-feathers are also tipped with grevish white instead of buff, and the shafts of eremeta and pygmea are buff, while in the present species they are black. My own collection contains numerous examples, as well as the two nests figured on the accompanying Plate : although these nests are alike in form, the materials of which they are constructed are somewhat dis- similar ; one being made of a species of green moss laced together with cobwebs, while the other is com- posed of a pale brown silky substance, here and there studded with pieces of green moss. Head, upper surface, and wing-coverts bronzy brown; upper tail-coverts rufous; ear-coverts blackish brown; wings purple-brown ; base of tail dark brown, the apical third of the two central feathers dark grey tipped with white; the apical third of the next feather on each side grey on the inner web, buff on the outer web and tipped with white ; the three lateral feathers on each side tipped with buff; under surface sandy buff, with a wash of dull grey down the chin and a crescent of black across the breast ; upper mandible black; basal two-thirds of the under mandible yellow, apical third blackish brown ; feet yellow. The figures are of the natural size. Wii y Walton led Ss HALL) ITANUTNYII 3 | 4 nn 2 i wanil Cy PHAETHORNIS STRIIGULARIS, Gowa. Stripe-throated Hermit. Phaéthorms strugularis, Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soe. iD In a large collection of bird-skins sent to this country from Bogota in 1852, I discovered three specimens of this new and well-marked species of Phaéthornis ; these are all I have ever seen, and as I have not been able to obtain any information respecting the bird from collectors, we may reasonably infer that some new district had been visited by the Indians, who procure and skin birds for sale in Bogota, and that by this means we have been made acquainted with a species, the history of which we have yet to learn. In size the Stripe-throated Hermit exceeds the P. griseigularis, and is at once distinguished from that and all the other small species of the genus by its striated grey throat, and by the breadth of the tips of the middle tail-feathers. I have but little doubt that of the three specimens from Bogota, two are males, as, although similar in colour, they somewhat exceed the third in size ; the latter is probably a female. The beautiful plant figured with the birds was sent to me by Professor Jameson of Quito, who states that it is “‘a species of Thzbaudia, or some nearly allied genus, which grows wild on the western declivity of the Andes, at an elevation of between 5000 and 7000 feet. The flowers of this beautiful shrub attract several species of the Trochilide, particularly the Phaéthorni.” Upper surface dark bronzy brown, becoming darker brown on the head, and reddish brown on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wings purple-brown ; tail-feathers greenish bronze, the two central ones fading into greyish white; the next on each side fringed on the tip of the outer web with greyish white, the re- mainder fringed at the extremity of the outer web with buff, and white at the tip; above and behind the eye a streak of buff; throat and chest grey, the former striated with obscure markings of brownish black down the centre; ear-coverts black; abdomen reddish buff; under tail-coverts grey tinged with buff; upper mandible and apical half of the lower mandible black ; basal half of the latter yellow. The figures are of the natural size. ny 3 Inn Mn 1 i] Witiyitt AACE ei A it i PHAETHORNIS OBSCURA, Gow. Obscure Hermit. Phaéthorms obscura, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxv. p. 14. Ir can scarcely be supposed but that the great country of Brazil will, from time to time, present us with new species of this group of birds; the great and almost interminable forests, particularly those toward the western frontier, having been but partially traversed, and by no means closely investigated. By the way of Rio de Janeiro, several examples of this new Phaéthornis have reached Europe, and at this moment four specimens are before me, two of which belong to my own collection, the other two to that of M. Bourcier of Paris, by whom they have been kindly lent to me for the purposes of the present work : the whole of them were collected in the interior of Brazil. The Phaéthornis obscura differs from all its congeners in its dark, clouded style of colouring, and in the absence of buff on the rump. It belongs to that division of the Hermits to which the name of Pygmornis has been given, and which, although I have not adopted this generic appellation, appears to me to constitute a very natural section of the group. If we may judge from what we know of some other members of the genus, the males of this species will have shorter and more rounded tails than the females ; but this must be verified by actual dissection before it can be positively affirmed. Head, upper surface and wing-coverts dark bronzy green ; stripe behind the eye buff; wings purplish brown; tail dark bronzy brown, each feather narrowly margined externally and slightly tipped with white ; throat smoky black, between which and the eye is a stripe of light buff; chest clouded chestnut or coffee- colour, passing into dark grey on the abdomen, and fading into white on the vent; under tail-coverts grey- ish white ; upper mandible and tip of the lower black; basal three-fourths of the latter yellow. The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Echites Franciscea. | | j j | | J, Lullnuandel 6 Walton tel 0b lls thd aria IHC hechia. I be iyi 3 Ou {HN Hl Ls i @') PHAETHORNIS NIGRICINCTUS, Lawr. Belted Hermit. Phe Ay . re . - . - thornis nigricinctus, Lawr. in Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. vi p. 260 ° . ~ , . . . ~ . No group of birds requires greater care in discriminatine ; ae ae oe a eee its various members than the little Phaéthorni, of great similarity of colour, it is most ne oe ae co se = - ca ee are distributed over the wide area extending from Me . ; t wan oe ma the Caraccas on the eastern part of the de eee ne = pe = NG edd as toms, 2 | : America. iminutive as they all are, the present Pen as ae - y fa lest of the group. I have long had a female specimen of this little session, sent from the neig P : i Jeor ] describing it until I had seen the male ges ee pre: ge oo ee Mr. Lawrence of New York as the type of his hie Cae be eset — = and my own have very lengthened bills with th al] ee aie oo eat ale epee , 1e yellow colouring of the under mandible extending almost to ce end, in which respect they differ from all the other members of the genus, and especially fark the aie Ihave named P. Episcopus, but to which they are otherwise most nearly allied. Mr. Lawrence’s specimen was collected by Mr. Moore while descending one of the tributaries of the Amazon from Quito to Para: we may therefore 1 1 V e I 7 ore l ifer ] j 5 i i y nfer that the little-known countries of the Upper Amazon are its true habitat. oe male hos the upper surface bright bronzy green, browner on the head; upper tail-coverts bright ferruginous; tail bronzed coppery brown, the outer margin of the external feathers, the tips of the two central feathers and the two next pairs on each side greyish white; wings purplish brown; under surface deep rufous, with a broad purplish-black band across the breast ; ear-coverts black; above the eye a line of rufous; upper mandible black ; lower mandible orange-red, becoming paler towards the extreme end. The HEE is coppery bronze above; has the tail-feathers of a more lengthened and cuneate form and largely tipped with buff; the whole of the under surface rich buff; under mandible, with the exception of the extreme tip, yellow. PHAETHORNIS EPISCOPUS, Gowda. Bishop Hermit. Phaéthornis Episcopus, Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soc., part xxv. p. 14. The Little Brown Humming-bird, Edw. Nat. Hist. of Birds, vol.i. p. . pl. 32? Ir will be seen that in this little section of the PAaéthorni the males of some of the species have their breasts crossed by a distinct patch of lengthened purplish-black plumes, while in others no such mark occurs in either sex: in no instance have I seen this peculiar character carried to so great an extent as in the present bird, which I received direct from Demerara. It differs from the P. pygmaeus and the P. Eremita greater breadth of the black pectoral band, in There is a little bird figured and described in r may not be the female in the rich bronzy colouring of its upper surface and in the the bronzy hue of its tail, and in the small size of its wings. Edwards’s ‘« Natural History,” vol. i. pl. 32, said to be from Surinam, which may 0 of this species, and I merely refer to it to show that it had not escaped my attention; at the same time I h species of these little birds it is intended to represent. e a female of this species, also received from fore call the attention of persons ability of their sending additional must observe, that it is impossible to say whic Besides the male, I possess an example which I consider to b Demerara. They are the only examples I have seen ; I would there resident in the fine country of which the species is a native, to the desir examples to Europe. h golden bronze ; behind the eye a stripe of The male has the head, upper surface, and wing-coverts ric changing into rich brown near the apex, buff; wings purplish brown ; tail deep bronzy brown at the base, and slightly tipped with grey; rump rufous ; ear-coverts black; under surface deep sandy buff, crossed on the breast by a broad band of purplish-black, somewhat elongated plumes; upper mandible and apical third of the lower mandible black ; basal two-thirds of the latter yellow. The female has a cuneate tail, largely tipped with buffy white, and the under surface rufous. } rut t} | yy tN 3 MU 2 yun oy PHAETHORNIS EREMITA, Gow. Little Hermit. Trochilus Brasiliensis, Temm. Pl. Col. 120. fig. 2 (nee T. Brasiliensis, Lath.). —_— rufigaster, Less. Hist. des Col., p. 43. pl. 9? Phetorms rufigaster, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, Phetornis, sp. 127 Phaéthornis Eremita, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soe. 1849. Little Hermit, of the collectors in Para. Turis species must not be confounded with the Zrochilus pygmaeus of Spix or the Trochilus rufigaster of Vieillot; from the former it differs in being’ of a larger size, in the buff of the under surface being of a lighter and purer hue, in the black mark on the chest being smaller and less conspicuous, and in the more cuneate form of the tail, all the feathers of which are largely tipped and edged with buff; while from Vieillot’s bird, if his description and figure be correct, it differs in the two middle tail-feathers being less developed, and in their tips being buff instead of white. Lesson’s description of the bird which he has considered to be identical with Vieillot’s 7. rufgaster applies to the present species with the greatest accuracy, but the figure which accompanies the description neither agrees with it nor with any other bird with which I am acquainted; the black marks beneath the eye and on the chest, although so well described, are not indicated, and the feet, which are said to be yellow, are figured of a dark brown. The 7. pygmeus of Spix, which is so accurately described and figured that it cannot be mistaken for the bird here represented, is a native of the northern parts of Brazil; the Z. rufigaster is said to be from Cayenne; and the present bird, so far as I am aware, is confined to Southern Brazil; the numerous specimens in my collection are all from the Amazon and Bahia. The nest, as will be seen, is ingeniously attached with spiders’-webs to the extremity of a leaf of a Dicotyledonous plant, and is composed of various fine silky and cottony vegetable fibres mixed with spider’s- web and portions of a fungus (?) resembling wool; in form it is round, deep, cup-shaped, and tapers to a lengthened point at the bottom. The nest figured is in my own collection, and I also possess another con- taining two eggs, procured by Mr. Hawkswell at Buena Vista in June 1848. The eggs are two in number, of a pinky white, about seven-sixteenths of an inch in length by about five- sixteenths in breadth. The male has the bill black, except the basal two-thirds of the lower mandible, which is yellow; crown of the head, back of the neck, back and shoulders bronzy green, the green predominating on the latter ; stripe over and behind the eye and all the under surface, except a few white feathers on the lower part of ar-coverts and a tuft of feathers on the chest black ; rump and upper tail-coverts the abdomen, deep buff; e brown with green reflexions, all the feathers tipped with buff, which colour reddish buff; tail bronzy ! becomes rather paler on the tips of the two centre ones; wings deep purplish brown; outer side of tarsi clothed with short buffy brown feathers ; feet and inner part of tarsi yellow; claws dark brown; eyes blackish brown. Total length, 33 inches ; bill, 14s; wing, 14; tail, 135 tarsus, 7's The female is similar in colour to the male, but is smaller in size. The figures represent a male and a female of the natural size. HITTIN bvvarvnn vin ITH || =i 6 hol 8 L oe cee raga aa A hs eA EG SALAM aga apc anc a ra) A PHAETHORNIS PYGMXEUS. Pigmy Hermit. Trochilus pygmeus, Spix, Av. Bras., tom. i. p- 7S. tab, xx, te Phaéctornis pygmeus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 68, Phaétornis, sp. 13. Tuts being the most diminutive species of the genus Phaéthornis yet discovered, the term pygma@us is a very appropriate name for it. From P. eremita, to which it is nearly allied, it may be distinguished by its more slender bill, by its much smaller wing, and by the rounded form and more uniform bronzy colouring of its tail, the extremities of the feathers only being tipped with buff. The true habitat of this diminutive bird is the southern portions of Brazil. It inhabits in tolerable abundance the province of Rio de Janeiro, but I have not seen it so far to the north as Bahia, a part of the country from whence the P. eremita is occasionally sent. The sexes present the usual differences in size, the female being much smaller than her mate; but no variation whatever is found in their colouring. The figure of the beautiful nest represented on the accompanying Plate is copied from a drawing sent to me by Mr. Reeves. It will be seen that the interior of this delicate structure is formed of the softest materials,—the wool-like fibres of some flowering plant, sparingly decorated on the outside with thistle- down-like seeds, &c. Nothing whatever is known of its habits. Upper surface and wing-coverts greenish bronze, inclining to dark brown on the head ; wings purplish brown; tail pale bronzy brown, slightly tipped with buff; lores and ear-coverts black ; line above the eye buff; rump and upper tail-coverts deep rust-red ; under surface paler rust-red, crossed on the breast with a conspicuous crescent of black; base of the lower mandible fleshy-yellow ; the remainder of the bill black ; feet yellow. 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