CORVUS FRUGILEGUS, Linn. Rook. Corvus frugilegus, Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 156. Cornix frugilegus, Briss. Orn., tom. ii. p. 16. Trypanocorax frugilegus, Kaup. Werk it desira ct : as, heen: written reaneait ble to collect all that has been written respecting the Rook, the accumulated material would be sufficient to form a goodly-sized volume. 5 Pennant and Yarrell refer to Virgil as the earliest of its com- Bariators;, thereby showing that the bird had attracted the attention of that careful observer of nature, prior to the Christian era. In more recent times, our own Gilbert White, Macgillivray, and Thompson have each published extensive memoirs respecting it ; and thus but little opportunity is left to say anything original on the subject ; it is, in fact, ‘used up,” for these and other authors have published every necessary detail as to its history. With such a mass of information on record, it has never been explained why the bird, in spite of the persecutions of the farmer, and the extensive destruction of the young which is annually dealt forth in every rookery, has not, if it had the powers of reasoning usually assigned to it, betaken itself to some other country, where it would receive a more friendly treatment. On the contrary, it appears never to be so happy, never so cheerful, as when it is in the immediate vicinity of man ; for, its daily occupation over, the Rook regularly wings his way from enormous distances to spend the last hours of the day on the trees which surround the homestead, the baronial hall, and ancient mansion—the very trees beneath which the child trundles his hoop, the labourer slowly wends his way to his cottage, and the sportsman returns with his dog and gun without exciting the slighest alarm. Such places appear, in fact, to be considered as sanctuaries, wherein they may abide free from molestation and in safety ; and unfeeling and destitute of a taste for nature must be the man who does not reciprocate this friendly confidence. Of how many pleasures would the country gentleman be deprived, were his old hall to be deserted by the Rook, whose constant cawing and busy actions give such life, and add so many charms to his stately domain! Why does the Rook seek our protection and court our presence at the time of breeding ? Why does the shiest of all birds, the Wood- G pigeon, do the same—coming into our gardens, even nearer to our houses, than the Rook, if they contain a silver fir or other tree upon the branches of which it can lay a few cross stricks to form a nest ? Why does the Thrush build in the trailing branches of the rose-trees which surround our windows ? or the Blackbird in our arbours 2?) Why, I ask, is this the case? Is it that at this particular season (the period of reproduction) their natures are entirely changed, and their suspicions overcome by the importance of their paternal duties, and that they instinctively know that man will or should then afford them shelter and protection ? Those who have not seen the vast assemblages of Rooks which occur during winter in some parts of the a sight which almost amounts to a pheno- British Islands can form but a slight conception of the sight menon. It is one which may be observed in Richmond and Windsor Parks, but in a degree which is com- paratively insignificant to that which may be seen in Cornwall, particularly at Tregothnan. These assem- blages are only equalled by those of the Starlings at their roosting-places near the Land’s End, and in some parts of Norfolk and Suffolk. Whence have the birds forming these immense Cornish gatherings come? Are they made up by vast accessions to our indigenous birds from the continent of Europe, instinctively directed across the Channel from France and Spain? The early flights of Woodcocks which visit the Scilly Islands and the contiguous parts of Cornwall in November are supposed to have migrated from Albania, or some other eastern country, and not direct from Norway; for they always appear when the wind is favourable for such a transit; that is, when it blows from the south-east. In like manner the Black Redstart (Ruticilla tithys) is only found in Devonshire at the same period, and under similar circumstances. No country can be more favourable for the Rook to winter in than the humid and comparatively warm climate of Cornwall, where frost and snow seldom occur ; but that only a small number of those that winter there remain and breed seems certain, since the nests observed in summer izland, Scotland, and Ireland. If the Rooks * are comparatively few in number to those which may be seen in the central parts of Ei were less numerous in these latter countries during the winter months, the that they had removed from one part of England to another. Great evening flocks November and December, and consequently they could not have time in Cornwall. A London Rook flies over the tops of the houses any other period of the year. But to return to difficulty would be solved ; for we might naturally suppose of Rooks may be seen in Richmond Park in augmented the masses observable at the same to seek his breakfast just as frequently at Christmas as at i ! I »ss and hospitality I have been Tregothnan, the seat of Viscount Falmouth, through whose kindness an Ss} 1