AND PACIFIO

 

produce wine surpassed by none in this country,
and few in the old. Large quantities are used
throughout the United States, with a yearly in-
creased shipment to Huropean markets. Her
manufactures are of a high order, and attract
favorable notice at home and abroad. The spirit
of enterprise manifested by her citizens has de-
served and won success. Under the liberal, far-
seeing policy of the younger class of capitalists
and merchants, who appeared about the time of
the inauguration of the great railroad, a new
order of things arose. Men began to regard this
land as their future home, who, before this era,
cared to stay no longer than while they obtained
a fortune, which they expected to get in a few
months at farthest.

From this time, money expanded, trade, agricul-
ture, mining and manufactures began to assume
their proper stations. The old, narrow, ruinous
no-policy, which marked the era of the old capit-
alist, passed away, and a brighter era opened to
the people of the Pacific slope.

The Sierra Nevada Mountains—are
about 500 miles long, and from 60 to 100 miles in
width, their general direction northwest and
southeast. The height of the principal peaks are
—Mt. Whitney, 15,088 feet; Williams, 14,500;
Shasta, 14,444; Tyndall, 14,386; Raweah, 14,000;
Gardner, 14,000; King, 14,000; Brewer, 13,886:
Dana, 13,227; Lyell, 13,217; Castle Peak, 13,000;
Cathedral Peak, 11,000; Lassen’s, 10,578 feet.

The Coast Range—is the range of moun-
tains nearest the Pacific Ocean, extending the
whole length of the State, broken at intervals
with numerous small rivers, and narrow, fertile
valleys. The principal peaks are—Mt. Ballery,
6,357 feet high; Pierce, 6,000; Hamilton, 4,450;
Diablo, 3,876; Banch, 3,790; Chonal, 3,530; St.
Helena, 3,700; Tamalpais, 2,604 feet. Mount St.
Bernardino, away to the southward, in the range
of that name, is 8,370 feet in height.

The aainy Season on the Pacific coast is
between the first of November and the first of
May, the rain falling principally in the night,
while the days are mostly clear and pleasant. At
Christmas, the whole country is covered with
green grass; in January with a carpet of flowers;
and in April and May with ripening fields of

ain. During 15 years of observation the average

as been 220 clear, 85 cloudy, and 60 rainy days
each year. The nights are cool the year round,
requiring a coverlid during the hottest and dryest
season.

The State Agricultural Society of
Califormia—hold annual fairs in September.
They are largely attended—visitors and exhibitors
coming from all parts of the State, Nevada and
Oregon.

Statistical Etems—We compiled the fol-
lowing from the report of the San Francisco
Board of Trade, for 1877, as interesting items :

Wheat export, 200,000 tons, value, $11,750,000;
Silver export to China, $10,500,000; mineral pro-
duct of the Pacific Coast mines for 1877 :

Gold cee «see $46,129,541
Siler fe ie a ee 47,205,913
ORG. oe ee ee oye da see te DAORE BOO

$98,421,754

Export of Flour, 485,000 barrels; value, $2,790,000.
Export of barley, 166,500 centals; imports of
coffee, 16,300,000 pounds ; imports of tea, 5,026,000
pounds; imports of rice, 42,000,000 pounds; im-
ports of sugar, 68,000,000 pounds; imports of coal,
525,000 tons[135,000 from England and 120,000 from

Australia]. Coal produced in California, 100,000

   

     

COAST GUIDE. 310

et

tons; export of salmon, 156,000 packages, value,
$270,000; hides, 74,000; leather, 3,270 packages,
value, $172,000; wines, 925,000 gallons, value, $500,-
000; receipts of quicksilver, 70,000 flasks: butter,
16,500,000 pounds; receipts of cheese, 4,500,000
pounds; clip of wool, 155,760 bags, weight 62,-
‘225,000 pounds—the export amounted to 52,800,000
pounds. Gross exports by sea for the year 1877,
$29,500,000.

No. 24 ANNEX, Hauling Ores in
Hlides—On a recent visit to Little Cottonwood
Canyon, Utah, we saw a very novel contrivance
being used by the Emma Mining Company, whose
mine is situated about 1,000 feet above the railroad
depot, on the side of the mountains. The snow
was several feet deep, and the ore was being hauled
down to thedepot in drags. The drags consisted
of a green ox hide. The ore is first sewed up in

 

sacks of 100 lbs. each, then placed on the hide,
which has loops around the edge, and when 15 of
these sacks are in aay @ rope isrun bees
the loops in the hide the edges drawn close toget
er, then a mule or horse is hitched to the head
portion of the hide—with the hair outwards—and
a brake to the tail. The brakeis of iron, shaped
like a horse-shoe, with teeth that drag through
the snow, holding back.

In coming down the hill the driver stands on
the hide, but when it becomes necessary on ac-
count of heavy grade to “down brakes,” the
driver changes his position and stands on the
horseshoe instead of the hide.

No. 25 Annex. Brigham Young —
Brigham Young, President and Prophet of the
Mormon ‘Church of the Latter Day Saints,” was
born in Whittingham, Windham county, Vermont,
on the first pig i June, 1801. Ais father, John
Young, was a Reyolutiona veteran, and served.
three campaigns under Washington. The family
consisted of six daughters and five sons, of whom
Brigham was the fourth. In early life he was
connected with the Methodists, and at this time
he followed the occupation of carpenter and
joiner, painter and glazier. :

Young was first married in 1824, and in the
spring of 1830 first saw the ‘‘Book of Mormon,”
which was in the possession of one of his brothers,
and made a fakes impression upon him, and of
which he afterwards became so firm a believer
and prominent supporter. In April, 1882, he was
baptized a member of the “Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter Day Saints.”

Before becoming a Mormon, Brigham Young
made himself thoroughly acquainted with their
principles, and then clung to his beliefin the teach-
ings of the “Book of Mormon” with great tenacity
to the close of his eventful life. It was character-
istic of the man that he was deliberate in arriving
at an opinion, but when it was once formed he
was steadfast to his convictions. While Joseph
Smith was alive, by whom he was baptized, he
was his friend and firm supporter, and from the
time when the church of his choice was composed
of but a persecuted and insipient handful, fieeing
irom place to place, until the day of his death, his
was the master-spirit that controlled all their de-
liberations and ruled in all their prominent coun-
cils. Brigham Young was the great organizer and
master spirit thatenabled them, by practical coun-
cils and directions, to cross the wide and unknown
desert plains of America in the year 1847, when pos-
sessed of the scantiest resources, and establish
among the far-off mountains of Utah Territory, a
prosperous and thriving community.

 

He was equal to the grand occasion of his life
in rescuing the church from disorganization at