March 1, 1943.

Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas.

-I am sending you a carbon copy of the letter
I have written to the Commanding General at Fort Leavenworth,

asking his permission to bring the boys up for their induotion
after the game Saturday night.

sss: ies di Wane: Salk we Weak Wheaties Oates ek
say hello. | ;

Cordially yours,

Director of Physical Educetion,
PCA:AH Varsity Basketball Coach.

 
 

 
 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
THE NINE PRINCIPLES OF WAR

‘.
5.

Be

8.

9.

AND
THE NINE PRINCIPLES OF BASKETBALL

The Principle of the Objective
Offensive
Surprise
Economy of Force
Movement
Mass
Security

Simplicity

Cooperation

 

 
MD £00

 

 

Dr. James Naismith

THE GOLDEN JUBILEE

ot

BASKETBALL

SOUVENIR MAGAZINE
LONGINES
VA rn

 

pe :

LONGIN ES, the world’s most honored watch,

is official watch for most major basketball tour-

 

naments including the N.C.A.A., National
Intercollegiate, and National A.A.U. Cham-
pionships. Longines is also official football
timing watch for 100 colleges; timed the
principal track, swimming, and crew events of
1941; and was selected as exclusive official
timing watch for the 1940 Olympics.

The skill and experience necessary for the
construction of complicated Longines watches,
accurate to 1/10 and 1/100th of a second for
sports timing and navigation has contributed

to the betterment of all Longines watches.

Smartly styled Longines personal watches are
sold by authorized Longines-Wittnauer jewel-
ers; see also the Wittnauer Watch a moder-

ately priced companion line, from $27.50*—

product of Longines-WittnauerWatch Co., Inc., &

New York, Montreal, Geneva.

*Federal Tax Included

 

Winner of ¢ 10 World’s Fair
Grand Prizes * 28 Gold Medals

 

 

ack ME i OR
 

  

Basketball, which is celebrating this year its Golden Jubilee, is the sport
is hole world plays. |

Invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naiautith it spread quickly to every part
of the globe.

Aim of the Golden Jubilee is the construction of a TEMPLE OF BASKET-
ee ee en omelie De Nee ah Vhicaonumenvite 4 great cports-
man will crystallize the ideals and traditions 6 the game and be the per-
manent shrine of All-America teams, past, present and future.

Every team that conducts a Golden Ball Game will be honored by having
its picture together with-a record of its Golden Ball Game preserved in the

Hall of Fame. ©

Copyright 1941 Naismith Memorial Committee

 

 

 
aA

JIM NAISMITH, THE MAN

By Raymond P. Kaighn
(A fellow student)

AN ORPHAN LAD stood on the frozen bank of
a Canadian river watching the other boys
skate. He was too poor to buy a pair of skates and
too proud to ask his uncle to buy them for him.
But he was out there skating the next day with a
home-fashioned pair he had constructed out of a
couple of old files firmly set in strips of hickory
wood. That resourceful mind which dealt effectively
with necessity as it arose was the same that gave
the world of sport and recreation the game of

basketball. ,

Much has been written regarding the birth of

basketball, which was conceived to meet a need .
for a game that could be played in a limited space, :

that would have the vigor and thrill of football or
lacrosse but without quite so much bodily risk,
and that would be highly interesting to spectators.
But what of the man Jim Naismith, granting that he
had an inventive mind and that he was the father
of the most popular game in the world, now enjoy-
ing its Golden Jubilee?

The writer was a student at the Y.M.C.A. Train-
ing School in Springfield, Massachusetts, at the
time Jim sprang his brain child on an expectant
group of fellow students who had little enthusiasm
for mass calisthenics after a wonderful season of
football under the leadership of Lonnie Stagg. That
same Stagg created out of a total student body of
less than forty (not more than a half dozen of
whom had ever had a football in their hands) a
team that scored on Harvard and Yale—an un-
precedented feat for a small college in those days.
It also rolled up creditable scores, ties, and vic-
tories over Amherst, Williams, Trinity, and other
schools with ten, twenty, and more times the en-
rollment of the Springfield Training School. Next
to Stagg himself, the mainstay of the team was Jim
Naismith at center. At the beginning of the nineties
lots of “beef” at center was considered orthodox
and essential. The players that Jim faced through
two strenuous seasons—and he played the whole
time in every vame—outweighed him from twenty
to fifty pounds. Any sense of superiority any one of
them entertained quickly evaporated after the first
ball was snapped. (The ball was “snapped” in
those years, not passed or thrown back from be-
tween the legs of the center.) A hundred and sixty-
odd pounds of concentrated T.N.T. was Jim Nai-

smith, with a broad strip of adhesive tape about his
head to hold back his ears from being brushed off,
the gleam of battle in his eyes, his bristling mus-
tache and determined jaw aggressively set—he was
a combination of mad bull and a bunch of wild-
cats! He never played dirty ball, always kept within
the rules of the game and -woe betide any center
opposite him who tried to do otherwise.

As a member of that football squad I came to
know Jim intimately, not only on the playing field
but also in contacts three times a day at the train-
ing table which, at the close of the football season.
was converted into an eating club with no change
in personnel. The hour about the table was often
tumultuous with arguing. Jim loved to start an argu-
ment. His eyes would snap and he would chuckle
as he got us stirred up. Usually it was something
that touched our patriotism. As a Canadian with
Scotch-Irish background he was ardently pro-Brit-
ish, and his comments about our national heroes
of Revolutionary days would always start a near
riot. Once excitement rose to the stage where taking
Jim out and rolling him in the snow was proposed.
but the idea was abandoned when Jim readily
acquiesced to our trying it.

He had had theological training in Canada, but
gave up the idea of going into the regular ministry
when he saw in physical education an opportunity
for serving his fellow men from the physical and
recreational approach. He did preach occasionally.
Once, when the day before in a football game he
had gotten a couple of beautiful black eyes, his
appearance in the pulpit was a bit startling to his
congregation! His sermons were thoughtful and
practical and delivered without much oratical effect.
Jim was a naturally good teacher and did a good
job with his subjects in the Training School. He
enjoyed his classroom work and his classes enjoyed
him. He never minded being disagreed with, and
the more that were drawn into an argument the
better he liked it. He might have made a fair lawyer,
but it would have spoiled an outstanding leader and
exponent of physical education, a professorship and
head of a department, which position he held for
many years at the University of Kansas.

In spite of Jim’s thorough “he-mannishness” there
was a tender and sentimental side to his nature
that broke through in many unaffected and simple
 

Throughout his entire life, from
youth to maturity, Dr. Naismith held
fast to the ideals of high moral
courage and sportsmanship. He car-
ried with him into his teachings and
his work all the lessons he learned
on the fields of play. Sports to Dr.
Naismith were a religion, and he
never varied from his course of a
purposeful career. He gave to youth
what he believed youth needed.

 

ways in his dealings with those who knew him well
in college or outside.

Jim roomed in Springfield in the house where the
eating club held forth. The widowed lady who ran
the house had two daughters. One of these girls was
of the gentle, retiring type, very sweet and pretty.
We were all happily surprised when Jim picked
this one for his wife.

Our trails did not cross for many years after
our Springfield days together. Gradually he ac-
~ cumulated fame as the inventor of basketball, which
has grown so steadily in popularity through the
years. A high spot in its popularity and a recogni-
tion of its inventor was the acclaim accorded Jim
when he modestly accepted the tributes paid him
at the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936, where he was
sent on a popular subscription fund raised by his
American admirers.

On his occasional trips to New York at the be-
hest of basketball coaches or sports writers, Jim
usually dropped into my office for a little chat over
Springfield days or his proposed book. Modest,
simple, unaffected, sparkling with good humor, he
used to speak in tones of wonderment as to the
privileges he had had during his full and useful
years through the invention of basketball. The equi-
lateral triangle as a symbol of the all-around man
developed in body, mind, and spirit was superbly
illustrated in the life of this well balanced per-
sonality, whose life and work we all honor in this
Basketball Jubilee. May the efforts of the Commit-
tee to secure the funds for a fitting and lasting
memorial to the founder of our great international
game be crowned with success.

 

The edifice which the Committee contemplates
building will serve not only as a memorial to Dr.
Naismith but it will perpetuate and crystallize the
highest ideals and finest traditions of the game.

There each year will be found the names of the
All American teams, and the interesting and valu-
able data of the sport.

Nothing I can think of will lend such permanency
to the pastime of basketball and assure its continu-
ance under the same flourishing conditions it en-
joys today as the Temple of Basketball. The game
has done a world of good for youth, and anything
we can do to improve and sustain it is worthwhile.

It is unfortunate that Dr. Naismith is not alive
today to witness this wholehearted movement on
the part of sports lovers everywhere in his behalf.
Few sportsmen have ever caused such a wide-spread
effort as he has. The Naismith Memorial will be
the largest building ever erected to a sportsman.
It will house both a Museum and a Hall of Fame.
In a certain sense it will be the mecca of the game
and it will be open at all times to the public.
Basketball will profit immeasurably, I am sure, by
this manifestation of gratitude on the part of its
adherents everywhere. It strikes me that this whole
enterprise is one of giving honor where honor
is due.

Few men in athletic history have given to the
world so permanent and fruitful a contribution as
has Dr. Naismith. Multitudes of young men and
women everywhere have grown strong and healthy
through the medium of this game. Perhaps by
fortuitous accident basketball is the most American
in spirit of all athletic pastimes.
o

a

~ Basketball =How and When Introduced

By T. Duncan Patton
(Member of first team—1891)

N NOVEMBER 6th, 1861, a child—afterwards
to be known as James Naismith—first opened
his eyes on the light of day. Both parents passed
away when he was eight years of age and he was
brought up by an uncle and aunt who lived on a
farm. To them he was greatly indebted for wise
guidance. The place was the charming little village
of Almonte, Ontario, situated about forty miles
west of Ottawa, Canada. He attended the public
school, and subsequently the high school, from
which he was graduated. Attendance at these
schools necessitated a walk of two and one-half
miles each way. In his early days he decided to
prepare for the ministry. In due course he was
admitted to McGill University in Montreal where
he made a high standing. Not only was he brilliant
in studies but he was prominent in football, la-
crosse and other sports. Having won several medals
as a leader, he was placed in charge of Barjuni’s
Gymnasium from 1887 to 1890. Graduating from
the University, he entered the Presbyterian Theolog-
ical College, where his record secured for him
the silver medal. At this stage Naismith decided
to go to Springfield College.

In the fall of 1890 Dr. James Naismith regis-
tered at the Training School of The Y. M. C. A.
College at Springfield and thus was brought into
close association with Dr. Luther Gulick, the head
of the Physical Education Department. Dr. Gulick
was never satisfied with following systems but was
always exploring the possibilities of something bet-
ter. He decided that more recreative sports were
necessary, especially to fill in the time when out-
door games could not be played. In those days the
number of games suitable for gymnasium work were
few. He believed that suitable games would give
splendid recreative work together with suppleness
and the cultivation of team spirit. About the early
part of December, 1891, the Physical Education
Department students were challenged to bring in
suggestions for new games which could be played
indoors. The games were to be for groups of men,
must be clean and free from rough play and give
exercise to all parts of the body and could be
played by all.

Naismith faced the problem in real earnest, as
he usually did such challenges. His previous experi-
ences had brought him into knowledge of outdoor

games and the comparative values of such games.
Combinations of various games were worked upon
until he thought that he had discovered something
worthwhile. Rules were drawn up and the next thing
was to test out the invention. One afternoon two
members of the Secretarial Department—Eugene S.
Libby of Redlands, Cal., and T. Duncan Patton of
Montreal—were heading for their rooms to dress
for regular gymnasium exercises when they were
accosted by Naismith. He requested them to captain
the two sides of a new game which he had evolved.
From his pocket he produced the set of rules which
he had drawn up and in a very brief interview ex-
plained what he wanted to have demonstrated on
the gymnasium floor. They were quickly on the
floor and teams of nine on each side were lined
up in a gymnasium measuring about 45x65 feet,
with a playing field about 35x50. The ball used at
first was a soccer ball. The referee for the initial
game was the originator. Men were designated for
different positions on the floor. The original rules
as compiled by the originator are as follows:—

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction by
one or both hands.

2. The ball may be batted in any direction with
one or both hands (never with the fist).

3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player
must throw it from the spot on which he catches
it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the
ball when running, if he tries to stop.

4. The ball must be held by the hands; the arms
or body must not be used for holding it.

5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping,
or striking in any way the person of an opponent
shall be allowed; the first infringement of the rule
by any player shall count as a foul; the second
shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or,
if there was evident intent to injure the person, for
the whole game, no substitute allowed.

6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist,
violation of rules 3, 4 and such as described in
rule 5.

7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls
it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive

 
 

 

Basketball equipment in the
early nineties was crude - ~
but ingenious. At the time
the baskets shown here
were used as goals, no one
thought of permitting the
ball to drop through the
net. The ball was released
from the basket by pulling
a cord. It wasn’t until
around 1905 that goals
with open nets came into
popular use.

 

means without the opponents in the meantime mak-
ing a foul).

8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown
or batted from the ground into the basket and stays
there, providing those defending the goal do not
touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the
edges, and the opponents move the basket, it shall
count as a goal.

9. When the ball goes out of bounds it shall be
thrown into the field of play by the person first
touching it. In case of a dispute the umpire shall
throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is
allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall
go to an opponent. If any side persists in delaying
the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that team.

10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and
shall note the fouls and notify the referee when
three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall
have the power to disqualify the men according to
rule 5.

11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and
shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds,
to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time.
He shall decide when a goal has been made, and
keep account of the goals, with any other duties that
are usually performed by a referee.

12. The time shall be two 15 minute halves with
5 minutes’ rest between.

13. The side making the most goals in that time
shall. be declared the winner. In case of a draw,
the game may, by mutual agreement, be continued
until another goal is made.

 

Naismith had asked the Building Superintendent
(Stebbins) for two boxes 18x18 inches to be used
as goals. He replied that he could not supply such,
but suggested that two half bushel peach baskets
be used. These were accepted and used in the initial

game. The goals suggested the name of the game,

Basketball.

It will be noted that while the rules are changing
from year to year the principles of the game are
practically what they were on that afternoon in
December, 1891. Attention is called to the fact that
in the early days the gym uniform was black full-
sleeve woolen jersey with long gray trousers; that
boys were required in the gallery at the first game
to remove the ball from the baskets; that the
number of players was at an early date reduced
from nine to five men on a team; that the spotting
of men on the floor was dropped except in a very
general way.

In 1898 James Naismith was graduated with the
degree of M.D. and was called that same fall to the
University of Kansas at Lawrence, Kansas, to be
Instructor of Physical Training and Chapel Direc-
tor. In June of 1937 he was retired to the position
of Professor Emeritus.

So quietly and gradually did the game of basket-
ball come into general use and popularity that no
early effort was made to secure photographs of the
setting of its beginning in the building on Win-
chester Square. Before any authentic stories of the
early days of the game were sought, memories of
many little incidents had faded out and some who
took a prominent part had passed into the great

beyond.

Official Watch for Timing N.C.A.A. and A.A.U. Championships Is LONGINES —
The Sports-World’s Most Honored Watch
oa

 

NELSON H. NORGREN, famous in his
college days as an all-around athlete
at the. University of Chicago, - is
President of the National Basketball
Coaches’ Association.

DR. NAISMITH WAS FARSIGHTED

ASKETBALL fans the world over join in
the celebration of the Golden Jubilee of
Basketball to honor the memory of the inventor
of this game, which has grown so steadily in popu-
larity in fifty years that it is recognized as the

“most popular of our sports. Since its beginning in

eighteen ninety-one it has become indeed our na-
tional game. It is neither an adaptation nor an
importation of some older game for it was origi-
nated in Springfield, Massachusetts. On the con-
trary, the sound elements of this game-sport are so
appealing to all youth that it has become an article
of export and bids fair to become the most popular
international sport in the next fifty years.

_ It was a unique experience for a man to invent a
game which, in his lifetime, flourished to the extent
that Dr. James Naismith’s game had flourished.
It is quite likely that, when he consolidated his
ideas on the new game and drew up a code of rules
for it, he had no inkling that it would be taken
so completely into their lines by so many of the
youth of the land. That so many continue to do so
proves the soundness of the four outstanding prin-
ciples which he thought should govern this new
game.

As stated by Dr. Naismith, he felt “that it should
be an interesting game with a ball that could be
handled but not be hidden by the hands.” “That it
should be an easy game to learn so that anybody
could play it.”” He thought it should be “so skillful
as to require considerable indulgence and even
then be a little shy of perfection.” And finally,
“that it should lack the roughness of football and
be played indoors.” “In this connection, while per-
sonal contact is forbidden there are continuous
intellectual and physical contests between players
in trying to out smart each other.” “Another factor

in eliminating roughness was in making the basket
horizontal rather than perpendicular, thus requir-
ing added skill in arching accuracy rather than
direct force.” On these principles he based the
game. which has proved sound in recreation, physi-
cal development and character building.

It is remarkable that his original code of rules
has stood the test of time. Today the game is hold-
ing persistently to the basic aims which he laid
down for it. This is noteworthy when one considers
that in fifty years the sport has attracted many
thousands of youthful participants of varying
talents and attributes. Coaches have been indus-
trious to develop these talents into game tech-
niques which have had a great effect in the
development of excellence of individual play and
team work. But it has also, from time to time, upset
the balance of opportunity afforded the offense and
defense by the rules of the game.

To have a sound game the prime consideration
is the maintenance, by rule, of a balance of op-
portunity which will not give undue advantage to
the strategic possibilities allowed the offense over
the defense and vice versa. Since the founding of
the game rule changes have been necessary fre-
quently to maintain this important principle of a
sound game, but in spite of much heated argument
and high pressure in rule-making bodies the con-
duct of the game remains basically the same as it
was when Dr. Naismith gave it to the youth of
the world.

Of basketball it can justly be said that no game
has changed so much in the short span of half a
century, and yet so little. Different as the game is
in technique from that which was played in 1891,
the basic features still remain, and the same possi-
bilities for intense competition are present.

 

 
 

 

 

HARRY D. HENSHEL, Chairman U. S.
Pan-American Games’ Basketball
Committee.

BASKETBALL MEANS SPORTSMANSHIP

IKE thousands of others who have had some
little part in the growth of basketball, I look
upon the flourishing game of today with consid-
erable pride and satisfaction.
Basketball as played a generation ago, while

basically the same interesting and thrilling game >
it is today, was vastly different. And of all the

changes that have come about in the game, the two
most far-reaching ones, which exercised the most
good on the structure and substance of the sport,
are in officiating and in player and _ spectator
sportsmanship.

A little more than three decades ago, officiating
was often nothing more than a travesty. Too often
officials handling games in those days were victims
of the same biases and provincialisms that charac-
terized fans in all parts of the country.

A team traveling out of its own immediate baili-
wick was usually convinced before it even stepped
on the rival court that it had two strikes against it
—to express it in the vernacular of another sport
—and agreeably surprised when they received good
treatment; except, of course, in organized leagues
and in institutional and other intra-group competi-
tions where friendly and fair rivalry had always
been the rule. But in ordinary open games, visiting
teams had good reason to feel that not only would
the official in all probability give them the worst
of the bargain, but that the crowd, too, would deal
with them unfairly and even roughly. Some of my
friends who played in the even rougher professional
game sometimes had to contend, at tense moments,
with local fans shaking the basket post, hoping to
cause foul attempts to be missed.

Today, teams from the West Coast, the South,
the Northwest or the Middle West willingly play
at Madison Square Garden or any other place with-

out so much as questioning the choice of officials.
They know that honest and capable officials will
be provided. That is now standard practice. A dis-
honest official, as a matter of fact, is as scarce today
as the proverbial hen’s tooth.

What has brought about the change? Simply
this: In the old days few officials had any particu-
lar qualifications for the job. They were former
players, coaches or athletic directors without
formal professional training. They were subject to
the same prejudices and local stereotypes as over-
enthusiastic spectators who supported their teams
with epithets and cat-calls for the opponents.

The big change in officiating came about through
the work of a large group of men who, during the
last generation, have graduated from physical edu-
cation schools and colleges, and now devote their
lives to what was once nothing more than a part
time avocation—namely, the physical education of
youth. They have spread the doctrine of fair play,
clean sport and honest dealing in athletics where-:
ever they go.

And in teaching the players these. things, they
unconsciously raised the standards of appreciation
of the crowds attending the games. Where once rival
players were hooted and hissed, tripped and an-
noyed, today they are amicably welcomed and their
performances are greeted with applause and en-
thusiasm by the crowd; and however hard fought
the game, the players almost invariably shake hands
and put their arms around opponents’ shoulders at
the game’s finale.

Let my reader not think, however, that the mil-
lenium has been reached. Unfortunately, out of the
same environment. which has produced honest of-
ficials, competent coaches, fair competitors and
sportsmanlike crowds—there still are throwbacks

(Continued on page 26)

 

SEED = a a a
 

A FOSTER

 

FORREST C. ALLEN, Director of Physi-
cal Education and Recreation, as
well as Varsity Basketball and Base-
ball Coach at the University of
Kansas, was closely associated with
Dr. Naismith from 1903 until the
latter’s death in 1939. He played on
the team coached by Dr. Naismith
and knew him perhaps as well as
any man in the athletic world.

SON HONORED HIS

MOTHER COUNTRY

a | NOT be afraid to serve humanity and
wait for your reward.” So said Dr. James
Naismith when he was informed of the action of
the National Association of Basketball Coaches
back in 1936 when this organization raised funds
to send the kindly inventor of the game of basket-
ball to Berlin. Until this time Dr. Naismith had
never made a penny out of basketball. The happi-
est moment of his life, Dr. Naismith said, came in
1936, when he attended the Olympic Games in Ber-
lin and saw the game of basketball played for the
first time in international Olympic competition. The
teams of all nations filed in behind their respective
flags and Dr. Naismith addressed the players.
The youth of the world lost a great benefactor
in Dr. James Naismith. Eighteen million young
men all over the world are playing his game of
basketball—a game which he originated for eigh-
teen young men in Springfield College. Dr. Nai-
smith is directly responsible for all the large field
houses, the large auditoria and gymnasia where
basketball is played. Before this game was origi-
nated there were few large indoor arenas that were
used for any indoor sports. Thickly dotting the
middle western states are high school gymnasia

that are much larger in size than the entire school

buildings were thirty years ago.

Frederick Froebel, a poor, unhappy German boy,
gave to the world the theory of the kindergarten
—education through play. Dr. Naismith, an or-
phan boy at eight, gave to youth basketball, a game
that takes the youngster from the eighth grade to
maturity. Eight nationally known educators, speak-
ing from the same platform, declared that basket-
ball had all the qualities necessary to teach the

 

educable child; poise, rhythm, grace, coordina-
tion, development of skills, and development of
physical vigor. The speakers were not competitive
coaches, nor were they athletes. This game, the only
international game that is the product of one man’s
brain, stamps Dr. Naismith as a great educator,
a kindly humanitarian, and a practical Christian.
He loved youth. He and his classmate, Alonzo
Stagg, both working together, chose the profession
of physical education over the ministry, in which
they were ordained, because they felt they could do
more for youth. The youth of the world will arise
and call Dr. Naismith blessed.

When it is recalled that Dr. Naismith was a
Canadian by birth, and yet became one of the
greatest sports’ benefactors this country ever had,
the homage the world is paying him today, takes
on a larger aspect. He gave to our country, which,
virtually all his life was his country, its most
popular pastime. Surely it is a case of a foster son
having honored his mother country.

And you tonight sitting in comfortable seats in
this building dedicated to a wonderful sport
doubtless can make a small contribution which
will keep alive the memories and traditions of
a young man who struggled and who gave of
himself the finest qualities that he had. He gave
them to youth, and youth can pass along the dur-
able things of life to the next youthful generation.

Please remember that the youth of fifty-two na-
tions of this world are playing basketball: It is
not a national sport—it is an international one.
And the United States is the mother country of
this game, to whom it was given by her foster son,
James Naismith.

 
 

THE VALUE OF BASKETBALL

By John Bunn

DEAN OF MEN—STANFORD UNIVERSITY

HE occasion of The Golden Jubilee of Basket-

ball suggests that an evaluation of the sport
is in order. Future trends can best be directed by
an intelligent review of the past.

The far-sightedness and modesty of Dr. Naismith,
as he tackled the problem submitted to him by Dr.
Gulick back in 1891, augured well for the future
growth of the sport. First, he set up the limitation
incident to an indoor game and then established
the principles under which it should be played.

to score a goal, but with the requirement to avoid
personal contact under the most intense situation
tests the caliber of every red blooded individual.

While some specialization is possible, the game
emphasizes team play first of all. Co-operation or
the lack of it can be easily observed. As I look back
on my coaching experiences with one of the game’s
greatest, Hank Luisetti, | remember not that-he Was
a great scorer, passer, dribbler or guard. I see him
rather as a boy who was an unselfish part of a team

These same five princi-
ples, throwing the ball in
any direction, prohibition
of running with the ball,
elimination of blocking
and tackling (personal
contact), an elevated lon-
gitudinal goal and the ele-
ment of continuous con-
test for possession of the
ball; have been main-
tained inviolate through-
out the life of the game.

These factors and the
comparative simplicity of
the game have permitted
and encouraged a world

wide spread and continu-

ous growth. It is doubtful
if any other game is played
by as many people in as
many countries and by as
4 many different groups.
Herein lies its greatest
value. The game fits a
4 recreational and physical
education program.
Youngsters of twelve, the
high school, college, club,
YiM.C.Ai, indtstrial
groups and girls enjoy it
with equal enthusiasm and
play it with comparable
vigor. There seems to be

 

 

BASKETBALL

IDES OF MARCH

(1)

The gym lights gleam like a beacon beam
And a million motors hum

In a good will flight on a Friday night;
For basketball beckons, “Come!”

A sharp-shooting mite is king tonight.
The Madness of March is running.

The winged feet fly, the ball. sails high
And field goal hunters are gunning.

(2)
The colors clash as silk suits flash
And race on a shimmering floor.
Repressions die, and partisans vie
In a goal acclaiming roar.
On Championship Trail toward a holy grail,
All fans are birds of a feather.
It’s fiesta night and cares lie light
When the air is full of leather.

(3)

Since time began, the instincts of man
Prove cave and current men kin.

On tournament night the sage and the wight
Are relatives under the skin.

It’s festival time—sans reason or rhyme
But with nation-wide appeal.

In a cyclone of hate, our-ship of state
Rides high on an even keel.

(4)

With war nerves tense, the final defense
Is the courage, strength and will

In a million lives where freedom thrives
And liberty lingers still.

Let dictators clash and empires crash
’Neath a bloody victory arch!

Let our boys tread where hate is dead,
In this happy Madness of March!

—H. V. Porter

 

 

and who insisted upon be-
ing considered as one of
a team. Any game which
can develop this trait or
can bring it out in a play-
er is of inestimable value
in our society today. How
we do need to teach more
cooperation so that we
can get along with each
other on friendly, unsel-
fish terms!

Finally, the game has
value for me for senti-
mental reasons. I knew
the man who developed
the idea. I had the privi-
lege of working under him
for fifteen years. How
pleased he was to see his
brain child give pleasure
to so many. How modest
he was to refrain from
assuming any great amount
of credit. Dr. Naismith
would not permit the
game to be named after
him. -

The objectives of the

_.game, as indicated by the

values listed above, repre-
sent the ideals of the man
himself. It was fortunate
that he should receive rec-

equal fun for the dub and the expert; for the gym
class, the intramural group and the highly organ-
ized teams.

A second value lies in its test of self control.
The challenge to get the ball from the other fellow,

ognition for it all while he lived and how fitting
now that we should commemorate fifty years of
growth and perpetuate by a memorial at the birth
place of the game, the memory of the noble man
and the game he created. |

Official Wateh for Timing N.C.A.A. and A.A.U. Championships Is LONGINES —
The Sports-World’s Most Honored Watch
 

Basketball is popular in ancient Olympus. Famed in legend and story for its athletes, Greece
today goes in strongly for basketball. Above an outdoor game at the Saloniki Y.M.C.A.

BASKETBALL ROUND

 

(Above) South Americans love to play basketball. The
team shown here is from Santiago de Chile. Basketball
quintets may be found all over South America now.
Schools, colleges and clubs pride themselves on their
teams.

(Left) The cage game is one of the American college
world’s most popular sports. It leads all other pastimes
in the number of spectators and players. It is estimated
that 90 million people see basketball games in this
country annually. This shot is typical of the drama and
action with which the game is replete.

 

 
 

 

 

Bulgaria has many basketball teams. Here is shown the coach of the team at Camp Bor, Bulgaria.

WORLD ° ° °

 

Basketball team of the University of the Philippines. This quintet is typical
of the many fine teams with which the Philippines are dotted. Basketball
has long been the most popular competitive sport on the Islands, where the
game is played all the year ‘round and mostly on outdoor courts.

(Below) Egypt, land of mystery and sunshine, has its teams such as the
one shown here at the Cairo Y.M.C.A.

 

The English team which competed in the last European
championships. Basketball is fast gaining popularity in
England and throughout the British Empire.

 
al

 

 

 

 

 

The Y.M.C.A. Originated Basketball
and Carried It "Round the World

By Dr. John Brown
NaTIonaL Councit, Y.M.C.A.

ASKETBALL owes its origin and its spread

throughout the United States and the world
very largely to the Young Men’s Christian Asso-
ciation.

While he was an instructor at the International
Y.M.C.A. Training School, now known as Spring-
field College, Dr. James Naismith invented basket-
ball to provide gymnasium classes with a competi-
tive indoor sport that players would enjoy as much

as football and basketball.

Following the invention of basketball by Dr.
Naismith at Springfield, the game spread rapidly
through the network of Y.M.C.A.’s throughout the
United States. The Y.M.C.A. in those days was one
of the few organizations interested in physical edu-
cation and having the necessary gymnasium space
for basketball, so it is only natural that for many
years the sport was thought of as a Y.M.C.A. game.
School gymnasiums, though almost universal now.

became numerous only in recent years.

Basketball leagues composed of different Y.M.C.A.
branches were organized shortly after the game’s
introduction. One of the first of these was in Brook-
lyn, N. Y., where basketball still is played with

an enthusiasm rivaled by few other cities.

The game did not have entirely smooth sailing
in the Y.M.C.A., however. Some of the old-time
Y.M.C.A. physical directors, who then were judged
by the number of members in their classes. began
to question the value of a game that would allow
but 10 players on a gymnasium floor that could
otherwise accommodate 50 or 60. The physical di-
rectors felt (and not unreasonably) that physical
education for a large group was more important
that a recreative game in which only a few could
take part.

This conflict resulted in an attempt on the part
of some physical directors to legislate the game
out of the Y.M.C.A. Basketball was denounced be-
cause of its “monopoly of the floor and its evil
effect on the Association’s reputation and influence.”
This naturally only served to increase the game’s
popularity, and Y.M.C.A.’s expanded their basket-

ball programs, teaching thousands upon thousands
of boys to play and love the game.

As these youngsters grew up and entered high
school, they took basketball with them. Many of
the early high school teams, lacking gymnasiums
of their own, played in Y.M.C.A.’s. The game
spread rapidly through high schools, and soon
thousands of teams were playing. From Y.M.C.A.’s
and the high schools, basketball spread to colleges.
According to Dr. Naismith, many colleges did not
offer basketball at all until it was introduced by
students who had played the game in high school,

or at the Y.M.C.A.

From the game’s beginning, the Y.M.C.A. has
had an important part in making the rules. The
first rules were published by the Y.M.C.A., and
for some years the Association made all changes
in the rules. organized leagues, and in general
supervised the game. As basketball developed and
spread to other institutions, the Y.M.C.A. asked the
Amateur Athletic Union to join in promoting the
game. These two organizations governed basketball
until 1905, when a group of colleges, feeling that
since the game had been so widely adopted by
them, decided they should also adopt rules. Having
two sets of rules was a disadvantage for basket-
ball, and in 1915 the Y.M.C.A. proposed that the
National Collegiate Athletic Association, the A.A.U.,
and the Y.M.C.A. merge into one rule-making body.
This resulted in the formation of the Joint Basket-
ball Committee:

There are few countries in the world where bas-
ketball is not played. Because it is an international
organization operating in more than 60 countries,
it is only natural that the Y.M.C.A. should have
played a leading part in carrying the game it
developed to every corner of the world. Until the
introduction of basketball, the code of sportsman-
ship as we know it today was not firmly rooted in
many countries. Athletes too often played only to
win, and had not learned to lose graciously. Basket-
ball, because it was so well liked by the players.
under trained leadership did much to overcome this

when introduced by the Y.M.C.A.

12.

 
THE RULES
COMMITTEE
KNOWS ITS
BUSINESS

ERHAPS a more fitting caption for this article

would be: “Does the Rules Committee Know
Its Business?” Surely the latter smacks less of self-
satisfaction, and no member of the Committee
would make the flat assertion that this group knows
everything about basketball or that it is infallible
when it makes changes in the rules that govern
the game.

My connection with the basketball rules com-
mittee goes back just thirty years when I was ap-
pointed to membership on the Collegiate Basket-
ball Rules Committee. The other members at the
time were Dr. James Naismith, Dr. Joseph E. Ray-
croft, Chairman; Ralph Morgan, Secretary-Treas-
urer; Harry A. Fisher, Editor; Dr. A. H. Sharpe,
Lieut. (now General) P. D. Glassford. During
many years of association with Dr. Naismith I was
always impressed with his extreme modesty. He
never took the attitude “basketball is my game—
I know what is best for it”; quite the contrary,
he did not try to impose his own ideas but was
always open-minded and ready to support changes
which others thought were desirable. I suspect that
he found quiet satisfaction from time to time in
seeing us return to some of his fundamentals after
experimenting with new ideas.

Thirty years ago there were three published
codes of basketball rules: the Collegiate, the A.
A. U. and the Professional, to say nothing of the
numerous unprinted codes. This caused a chaotic
condition, with many teams not knowing just what
code they were following and others using a home
brew which would be a hodge-podge of various
sets. It was not uncommon for teams to play “first
half my rules, second half yours” with no one,
not even the official, knowing exactly what rules
they were trying to use.

This was the background when the Joint Basket-
ball Committee was organized in 1915. The follow-
ing paragraph is taken from Chairman Joseph E.

 

13

OSWALD TOWER has been a member
of the Basketball Rules Committee
for thirty years, and editor of the
Basketball Guide for twenty-seven
years. He is a teacher at Phillips
Andover Academy. He has had a
major part in directing the develop-
ment of basketball.

Raycroft’s article in the first Guide issued by the
Joint Committee: “The movement which has re-
sulted in the formal co-operation of the rules com-
mittees representing the Young Men’s Christian As-
sociation, the Amateur Athletic Union, and the
National Collegiate Athletic Association, promises
to be-a most valuable influence in promoting the
game of basketball along the right lines and should
mark the beginning of a new epoch in the history
of the game as a most desirable and useful indoor
sport.” My own editorial in the same issue contains
the following sentence: “The joint committee of
representatives from all three bodies has labored
long and earnestly in efforts to get all that is good
from both the A. A. U. and Collegiate rules into
the new uniform rules that have their first publi-
cation herewith.”

It may be of interest to mention the changes in
rules which have had the greatest effect upon the
game during the past thirty years. In 1911 the
double dribble was made illegal and the four-per-
sonal-fouls rule was adopted. In 1912 the two-
hand dribble was abolished. In 1917 the playing
court was extended by arcs of circles reaching two
feet behind the backboards. In 1918 this zone was
made rectangular by moving the end lines two feet
from the backboards, and just twenty years later
this zone was made four feet deep. In 1922, run-
ning with the ball, illegal dribble, kicking the ball,
carrying the ball out of bounds, and other in-
fractions which previously had been technical fouls,
became violations. In 1923 it was first decreed that
free throws for personal fouls should be tried by
the player fouled; thus the “free throw specialist”
went into the discard. In 1927 time out began to
be taken on all fouls. In 1932 the ten-seconds and
three-seconds rules were introduced. In 1935 the

center jump after successful free throws from per-

sonal fouls was abolished and the following year
this was extended to cover goals from the field.

 
 

 

 

 

 

_ THE WINDSOR FORDS—one of the out-
standing basketball teams in the his-
tory of Canada. This quintet repre-
sented the Dominion in the final
game of the 1936 Olympics.

Frederick A. E. (Buff) Horton

Famous CANADIAN PLAYER,
CoAcH AND OFFICIAL

BASKETBALL IN CANADA

ANADIANS are justly proud that basketball has
played such an important part in the athletic

life of their country. Two men who played on Dr.
Naismith’s original team played significant roles
in the early development of the game in Canada.
In 1896 Lyman W. Archibald became physical
director at Hamilton Y.M.C.A., and with his coming
Hamilton became the first “real hot-bed” of Can-
adian Basketball. Exhibition games were the high
spots in those days, and as early as Dec. 25th, 1896,
the international flavor was added when a team
from Buffalo Central Y visited Hamilton to take
on the local team composed of Chadwick, Yorick,
Cuzner, Jeffs, Laidlaw and Christie, and “when the
shooting was over” Hamilton was on the long end
of a 16—13 score. A return match was played in
Buffalo on Jan. Ist, 1897, the homesters won 16—6,
and on February 2nd, a third and deciding game
was played in Hamilton with the locals winning

20—6.

This was just a start for Hamilton, for by 1900

the game had made great headway. They were the
first team ever to defeat the Original Buffalo Ger-
mans on their own court. This Hamilton squad
boasted of Art James, Frank Branston, Harvey,
McKeown, and Chadwick. In 1921 and ’22, Hamil-
ton annexed their first recognized Canadian Cham-
pionship. This team was led by the great pair,
Baldy Laidman and Sammy Nieman.

“The other original,” T. Duncan Patton, returned
to his home in Toronto and rapidly imparted his
knowledge of the game to local Y.M.C.A. members,
and in a short time basketball was being played
widely in and around Toronto. In 1900 Central Y
floored a powerful club featuring Harding (Capt.),
Henderson, Parnham, Edwards, Smith, and Wood-
land, with the great J. H. Crocker as Coach and

14

Physical Director. The Central magic held for a
number of seasons until West End and Broadview
Y.M.C.A.’s followed with strong contenders. In
1925 West End Y staged the National Y.M.C.A.
Basketball Tournament with a classy crowd from
Detroit carrying off top honors.

Soon after the turn of the century, churches.
schools and clubs (as well as the Y.M.C.A.’s)
began playing the game, but only local or provin-
cial champions were declared in both the men’s
and women’s series. As the game grew in popu-
larity and became well patronized in centers like
Ottawa, Hamilton, London,
Windsor, Winnepeg, Vancouver and Edmonton the

Montreal, Toronto,

provincial associations got together in the Fall of
1922 to form the Canadian Amateur Basketball
Association with C. E. Race, the Registrar at the
University of Alberta, as its first president.

Under the continued guidance of the C.A.B.A.,
and good leadership provided by Sam Rogers,
Toronto; Dr. Gillespie, M.D., Vancouver; Walter
Hardwich, M.A., Vancouver; and Doug. Robertson
of Montreal, the caliber of Basketball has improved
steadily until the best Canadian teams can hold
their own with any in the world. This last fact is
borne out by the results of the final game played
in the 1936 Olympics when the powerful repre-
sentative team from the United States defeated the
Canadian titleholders by the slim margin of 17—9.

Today basketball is popular in Canada, and it is
one of the forces which educators feel is build-
ing better men and better women. The vast majority
of our institutions are represented by teams that
may justly be considered on a par in skill, mastery
and technic with those of other countries. The
records made by Canadian teams of other years act
as an incentive to the teams of today.

 
 

s

HOWARD C. CANN, Coach of New
York University, is a graduate of
N.Y.U. Voted the greatest all-around
athlete in N.Y.U.’s history, he dis-
tinguished himself by scoring thirty-
two field goals in the National
A.A.U. Basketball Tournament in
Atlanta, Georgia in 1920. That feat
won for him the Atlanta Constitu-
tion Trophy Award as the greatest
basketball player in the world.

PHYSICAL FITNESS IN BASKETBALL

T° BE a successful basketball player an athlete
must possess these five things: determination,
courage, physical fitness, mental alertness, and ex-
perience. I’m devoting this article to the factor I
consider most important—physical fitness.

The old proverb that “a chain is no stronger than
its weakest link” applies very well to this sport.
A basketball team is no better than its least physi-
cally fit member. And I believe that a great player
in poor shape is not as valuable as a mediocre
player in good shape. So it is of utmost importance
that every member of the squad be in perfect physi-
cal condition for every game.

In colleges which are located in large cities, it is
almost impossible to keep watch over all the mem-
bers of the team, so the honor system of training
is employed. In such cases it is very necessary that
the importance of physical fitness in basketball be
impressed upon the minds of the players. By call-
ing attention to the fact that when they are tired,
shooting and passing become poor and unreliable,
and also that athletes in poor condition tire very
quickly, they will see the necessity for living up
to the rules laid down by the coach.

‘In striving to get into shape two things are of
paramount importance. They are: eating regularly
and getting plenty of sleep. Both of these can be
supervised at colleges located in small towns where
all the players eat together at a training table.
That’s where the non-metropolitan college has a
great advantage.

Practice sessions should be started early, but
it is wise to bring the team along slowly. The

_ players should reach the peak of condition just at

the time their playing season begins—not two or
three weeks before their first game.
One of the weaknesses in basketball today is that

15

we spend so little time in actually exercising.
Instead, too much time is devoted to the playing
of the game itself. I believe that work on chest
weights, rowing machines, arm and wrist devel-
opers, along with rope skipping, should be carried
on throughout the season. And if a player is really
serious about.the sport, he should work out before
and after the season, too. A real athlete, in my
opinion, is one who is in top condition all year
’round.

I doubt very much if men go physically stale.
Staleness is usually caused by a mental condition.
A player may have been engaging in too much
practice, or he may merely lack interest in his
workouts. Before the opening of the schedule, such
a condition can be overcome by scrimmaging with
outside teams instead of playing inter-squad games
only. Another way is for the team to forget about
basketball for a day or so and play volleyball or
indoor baseball. To ease the mental condition of
the players before an important game, it might be
well for them to see a motion picture or get their
minds off the contest in some similar manner.

When a man adheres to all training rules, he
experiences no risk to his physical condition even
if he stays in the game for forty full minutes. And
not many are called upon to put in as much time
as that in a single game.

To sum up, there are several important things to
remember. The strain of playing basketball re-
quires that all participants in this sport be in first-
class physical condition. Achieving this condition
means hard work on the part of each player and
intelligent planning on the part of every coach. But
the results of these efforts show up in that all-
important “win” column at the end of, the basket-
ball season.

 

 

 
if|

 

 

 

 

BASKETBALL HAS GROWN UP

By Maurice Rosenwald

|) eerie tteas has come a long way since Dr.

Naismith struggled with the gymnasium class
problem on the shores of Lake Massasoit, and the
Y.M.C.A.’s, the colleges and high schools have
had a tremendous part in its growth, but it must
not be lost sight of that the professional players,
almost since the game’s inception, had a great part
in its growth.

Away back in 1905, E Company of Schenectady
won the world’s championship in Kansas City.
There were the famous Buffalo Germans, the first
team to travel from coast to coast, winning some
108 games, although in some of the towns they had
to pick five men and tell them what to do; the
Twenty-third Street Y.M.C:A. with Wendelken,
center, Shields and Eberlein, forwards, Reed and
Deitrich, guards, which won the A.A.U. champion-
ship in the early 90’s, then joined the National
Basketball League as the Y Wanderers and won the
National Championship three years running; and
other teams in the Eastern, Interstate and Hudson
River and other leagues, and, of course, coming
down to a much later date, the New York Whirl-
winds from the lower East Side settlement houses
and the Original Celtics from the settlement houses
of the lower West Side.

The Whirlwinds, composed of Barney Sedran,
Marty Friedman, Chris Leonard, Nat Holman and
Harry Riconda, were possibly the only team of that
day that could have beaten the Original Celtics at
their best in a series, but the teams met only twice,
each winning one game. The third game was never

played and the next year Nat Holman, even then °

coach of City College of New York, and
Chris Leonard came to the Original Celtics, where
with John Beckman, John Whitty, Ernie Reich, Joe
Lapchick, Dutch Dehnert, Davy Banks, Horse Hag-
gerty, Pete Barry, Ed Burke, at various times they
made basketball history.. Their longest winning
streak was 93 games. They won 741 games and

have never wavered.

 

No man with the possible exception of Dr. James
Naismith has done so much for the well-being
of basketball, for its development and improve-
ment as George T. Hepbron (left). Mr. Hepbron
edited the Spalding Baskeball Guide four decades
ago, and his interest and helpfulness in basketball

For almost half a ceritury John Doyle (right) has
been one of the most constructive figures in Amer-
ican athletic life. Basketball, as well as ‘other
sports, owes a great deal to his wisdom and his
intelligent service.

lost but 70 in the space of seven years that the
writer was connected with them. They played over
100 games in old and new Madison Square Garden
and lost but one game, that to the Kingston
Colonials. They played in dance halls, in renovated
barns and in the finest of auditoriums. Until Ned
Irish came along with his college basketball double-
headers, the Original Celtics held the record for at-
tendance, with 22,000 in the Cleveland, Ohio, au-
ditorium, playing afternoon and evening.

The Celtics could spot any team in the country
ten points and beat them, barring floods, strikes
and accidents. They would play in Cleveland on a
Friday night, in Brooklyn on a Saturday night, in
Philadelphia on Sunday afternoon and in Madison
Square Garden on Sunday night. They were the
first basketball team ever to be put under contract
to play with the Celtics and the Celtics only. Prior
to that, one might run up against the same player
in the Interstate, the Eastern, the Hudson River, or
any one of a dozen different leagues, or teams. Un-
der the managerial wing of Jimmie Furey and
Johnny Whitty, the Original Celtics won the cham-
pionship in every league in which they competed.
They were never beaten in a series by any team,
and after they left the American Basketball League,
they traveled all over the United States giving ex-
hibitions, and still do.

The pivot play was developed by the Celtics,
composed then of Dutch Dehnert in the pivot,
Chris Leonard at the other guard, Joe Lapchick in
center and those two masters of the forward court,
Nat Holman and John Beckman. These five were
the best Celtic team. They could play any position
and did in the course of the game.

Today, of the old Original Celtics only Davey
Banks is left, and as he says, “We give them a
show.” The old Celtics gave them a show, too, but
they gave the populace and the teams they played
against a basketball education also.

 
 

 

RULE CHANGES

OLLEGE BASKETBALL has made tremendous
strides in the last decade. It has improved in
spectator appeal, in playing technique and officiat-
ing. But what, to this writer at least, is more impor-
tant, is that it has destroyed the provincial barriers
which for so long prevented normal development
of the sport along intersectional lines.

True, the game still has sectional characteristics
attributable to various coaching philosophies and
types of personnel. These add to, rather than de-
tract from, the value of basketball as a sport and
spectacle. But only in recent years has it been pos-
sible for a team to go far afield from its native
habitat and be certain that it will be able to play
its game without having to overcome handicaps
imposed by purely local rules interpretations.

When the National Basketball Committee re-
wrote and clarified the blocking or screening rule
a few years ago, it removed the last obstacle in the
path of happy intersectional relations. Of course,
there are still some sections and some conferences
which choose to ignore-or modify this part of the
playing code to suit their own peculiar ideas or
supposed needs. These private interpretations,
though, are generally reserved for closed competi-
tion.

There has been a general striving for competent,
fair administration of games. Officials’ boards and
associations have done valuable work in the bring-
ing of this policy to fruition. There is no place in
basketball for the “homer” and the “politician.”
Interpretations are clear. Ambiguities have been
cleaned out of the rule book. There is no longer
any excuse for a referee to call them one way in
New York and another in Chicago or San F'ran-
cisco. You don’t have to go back very far in your
memory to recall the time when varying interpre-

EVERETT B. MORRIS, Basketball writer,
New York Herald Tribune.

HELPED THE GAME

tations were a matter sometimes of county and
even city lines, much less state boundaries.

There can be no argument against the assertion
that clear wording of the rules, uniform interpre-
tation thereof and the exercise of fairness and good
judgment in their administration have contributed
most importantly to the scope of the college game.

Always, of course, there have been intersectional
contests. Never, though, has the schedule been so
studded with them as in the last ten years. Pacific
Coast teams are no strangers to the Eastern sea-
board. The Middle Westerners travel in all direc-
tions. The East has sent its representatives into the
Midlands and the South.

Coaches have a keener appreciation of their col-
leagues’ problems. Players from the great wide
open spaces have a healthy respect for the skill of
the city boys. Lads from the urban areas admire the
speed and drive of the outlanders. Each learns from
the other. Thus you find sections once wholly
devoted to playing a game based on adroit ball
handling and fakery, leavening their operations
with aggressivenes and the lightning break from
defense to offense. Boys whose conception of the
game ran only to continuous driving now get clever-
ness and deception into their play.

The game is better to look at. It is more interest-
ing to play. Teams once confined to tiny, outmoded
gymnasia now perform in Madison Square Garden
and huge field houses.

Give the credit for the change in attitude to the
pioneer promoters of intersectional matches, to the
coaches who had the courage and foresight to in-
vade strange territory and to those who had the
vision to see basketball as a game far too big for
the petty jealousies and chauvinism which once
throttled its development.

Official Watch for Timing N.C.A.A. and A.A.U. Championships Is LONGINES —
The Sports-World’s Most Honored Watch

 

 

 
 

 

Eddie Dooley

(Famous Sports AUTHORITY )

The Secret of Basketball’s Popularity

OOTBALL can be traced back to ancient har-

pistan, the game played by the Greeks; hockey
owes its origin to the sport of the ancient shep-
herds who with crooked sticks drove a crude ball
over hilly country; baseball indirectly can be
traced to the old Indian game of lacrosse or pos-
sibly to cricket; but basketball, the most recent of
the popular pastimes, owes its existence to all of
these games. The fact that it has grown in popu-
larity so fast that today it surpasses all of them in
spectator and player interest, is a tribute to the
farsightedness and ingenuity of its inventor, Dr.
James Naismith.

Few sports have the appeal that basketball has.
The proximity of the spectators to the players
makes them feel that they themselves are part of
the game. Quite naturally they thrill vicariously to
the fast moving plays, the sudden passes, and the
sensational shots. The fact that almost everyone at
the game, man, woman and child, has at one time
or another participated in the sport adds to the
enthusiasm.

The game is easily played and comprehended.
While difficult to master, there is nevertheless a

great deal of satisfaction and gratification in scor-

ing goals and in preventing one’s opponent from
scoring. All over the world courts are standard
equipment whether in a big metropolis like New
York or San Francisco or in an antiquated Arabic
city like Fez in northern Africa. Backboards with a
hoop attached are found wherever boys are at play.
In the back-yards of the flower bedecked huts of
Hawaii, the sun drenched haciendas of Mexico, and
the wind swept fields of Alaska, the equipment of
the cage pastime is in evidence.

The Philippine Islands has its hundreds of teams,
and all of them play the fast, stirring game with

the fervor and intensity with which it is played in
the United States. Truly basketball today circles the
world. It is the most democratic of sports, for every
man on the team is equally important and all are
dependent on each other. Of every team it can be
said that the whole is greater than the sum of the
parts.

In the brief fifty years of its existence, basket-
ball has come a long way from the crowded and
stuffy gymnasia of the robust nineties. The game
has advanced to the point today, where it is played
in brightly illuminated palestras and magnificent
indoor amphitheaters. In recent years, the shibbo-
leths which shackled it in the form of provincial
biases and sectional rule interpretations have been
erased by the flood of intersectional games.

Today teams can travel anywhere and feel at
home. Obviously the game has grown up. Formerly
cage quintets had some misgivings about traveling
any distance from their own bailiwicks. They knew
the hazards involved. Sectional biases and strange
provincialisms often made of basketball a rowdy
enterprise instead of a gentleman’s game.

No one has ever taken count of the number of
people who attend games, but it is estimated that
basketball plays to more than 90 million people
annually. How many play it is also a mystery, but
someone has said that Dr. Naismith’s game in half
a century has grown from 18 men to 18 million.
18 men constituted the number of players on the
two teams which initiated the sport at Springfield
in 1891. Today, there is no country in the world
that does not have its basketball players. Dr.
Naismith may not have known what he was starting,
but this must be admitted—he did start something.
so let us give honor where honor is due.
 

 

 

LEWIS P. ANDREAS, Basketball Coach
of Syracuse University, has turned
out many notable winning combina-
tions.

A FEW HINTS FOR BEGINNERS

ERE are a few tips to youngsters just learning

to play basketball. The average beginner is
like the novice in golf. The game is so much fun
to play that the beginner would rather play than
practice. Hence, his game suffers later because of
his failure to master certain fundamentals at the
beginning.

What are these important fundamentals? The
game is so widely publicized that today almost
every schoolboy has at least a speaking acquain-
tance with them.

First, and foremost: Shooting. Ask an expert
(every town has at least one coach) to give you
information in holding the ball for the set shot;
the correct position of the feet, body and elbows;
the use of fingers and wrists. Then select one spot
on the court 20 or 25 feet from the basket and
PRACTICE until you MASTER the shot from that
spot. In the same way acquire correct information
about running shots, both toward and away from
the basket; pivot shots, and free throws — then
PRACTICE.

The greatest all-around basket shooter I have
ever seen was Bobby Thompson, the former Passaic
High School star, who averaged 33 points a game
for 33 games. He was called “Thousand-Point”
Thompson.

In my many conversations with him, he always
emphasized the hours of practice afternoons and
evenings spent by himself and his teammates in
the Y.M.C.A. at Passaic and in Coach Blood’s back-
yard, practicing shooting, and note this—not just
during the season but during the WHOLE YEAR.

When you love a game, it is a small price to pay
in spending extra hours of practice at it. Yet, how
many boys today whose fondest ambition is to
become basketball stars ever think of practicing
in the off-seasons?

19

SECOND:
player to practice throwing and catching the ball,

Persuade some equally enthusiastic

using the chest pass, the hook pass, the bounce
pass and underhanded pass. Learn to pass at a spot
without looking directly at it. This is the mark of
the good actor, the professional touch.

Tuirp: Learn to stop while running at top speed.
To do this, throw the feet out in front and come
down flat footed on BOTH feet spread; at the
same time squatting to such an extent that the
balance of weight will not be thrown forward.
Even the slowest player may develop quickness
with this exercise, by stopping and then starting
in a different direction. Not only will he develop
the necessary quickness to shake off the close guard-
ing opponent but he will develop the strength and
endurance in leg muscles that are the foundation
of every great player.

FourtH: Ask an experienced player or a coach
to teach you proper defensive stance and footwork.
Every great player I have known not only could
shoot but also could defend against a shot.

FirtH: Learn to concentrate. In competition ex-
clude every tension that tends to bring pressure
upon you. Keep calm and poised, no matter what
happens. If you shoot, aim. If you defend, watch
your man.

SrxtH: As you gain in experience, study your
weaknesses and strengthen them, but improve your
strong points first.

SEVENTH: Finally, you must resolve that no mat-
ter how difficult, you are determined to make your-
self a star player; that you will have courage not
to hesitate or shrink from driving into hard play
situations; that you will keep physically fit so that
you can always do justice to yourself. It is strictly
up to YOU whether you remain ordinary or be-
come a great player.

 

 

 
 

 

THE

TOP—LOOK—LISTEN, and if the discussion
centers about the effect of the zone defense on
basketball—say nothing. Any statement you make
will usually be misquoted or misunderstood, and

discretion may well be the better part of valor.

Many coaches contend that continued use of the
zone defense will ruin spectator interest in basket-
ball and that it violates all defensive principles.
Others claim it is the only defense which strict
interpretation of the rules permits. It is not diff-
cult to search back through the historical pages of
basketball and find authority for both “man-to-man”
and the “zone” defense.

It is the writer’s belief that a man-to-man de-
fense is being used when a defensive player is as-
signed or lines up opposite a particular opponent
and during the rest of the game personally en-
deavors to keep this respective adversary from
scoring. A temporary shift or switch of men may
be permitted when the defensive player is blocked
or screened. At the first opportunity, however, the
original opponent is again played defensively.

A zone defense can be defined as one in which
the defensive players station themselves in front
of their defensive basket, thereafter shifting with
the movement of the ba, but maintaining more or
less set positions. No particular player is opposed
except when he moves into the defensive men’s
zone. Then all of the “man-to-man” tactics are used
in keeping him from scoring or receiving the ball.
In fact a good zone defense plays the man as well
as the ball.

Dr. Naismith intended basketball to be an open
game with as little personal contact as possible.
What defense existed in the early days of the game
was of the “man-to-man” type. Each defensive man
endeavored to contact his opponent as quickly as

20

CLAIR BEE was born in West Virginia
on March 2, 1900. He attended
Waynesburg College. During the
World War he served overseas from
1917 to 1919. Coach Bee is a mem-
ber of the faculty of Long Island
University where he serves as Direc-
tor of Physical Education and As-
sociate Professor of Accounting. He
possesses the degrees, B.A., B.S.,
M.S., and M.A.

ZONE DEFENSE

possible when his team lost possession of the ball.
This defensive type of game continued until about
1910. Thereafter styles in defense began to appear.

Much confusion has arisen because Dr. Naismith
stressed that defensive players should “play the
ball.” He certainly meant that the opponents should
also be played. The use of the term “play the ball”
resulted in a philosophy which adopted the phrase
as authority for the use of the “zone” instead of
“man-to-man” as the basic theory of defensive
basketball.

Until. 1910 basketball resembled the type of
game which today is known as playing all over the
floor. This occurs when teams employ a “pressing”
defense. During the past few years Rhode Island
State has made a scoring history under the expert
coaching of Frank W. Keaney, using this style
exclusively. His teams have become so adept that
their pressing defense has really developed into
an offense.

Contrasting the 1 to 0 games which have resulted
from the use of the “zone” defense with one played
under the “man-to-man” pressing defense may
prove interesting. In a game played February 24,
1940 at Kingston, R. I., Rhode Island State defeated
Connecticut 102 to 81. Both teams were undefeated
until this game. Rhode Island scored 64 points in
the first half. Seven of the players in this game
scored 40, 30, 27, 24, 17, 16, and 12 points respec-
tively.

Somewhere between the “zone” defense game of
1 to O and the “man-to-man” contest of 102 to 81,
defense should possibly strike a balance. I say pos-
sibly, because the spectators who support the game -
with their interest and financial backing much pre-
fer high scoring games.

Just as there had been little offensive “team
 

 

 

play” prior to 1910, there had not been much de-
fensive “team play.” Shortly after 1910 the offense
began massing its players under the basket. This
concentration was countered by placing the defen-
sive team in the back court. This was called the
“five man defense.”

The defensive history of the game has been the
story of the alternate rise and fall of the “man-to-
man” and the “zone” defense. Around 1920 the
“zone” defense was about to be recognized as supe-
rior. Stalling tactics of the offense then countered
this popularity and the “man-to-man” style re-

‘gained its standing. However, the “zone” received

a blood transfusion in 1932 when the rules com-
mittee curtailed the effect of stalling through the
medium of the ten-second rule. This regulation
forced the team in possession to advance the ball
across the middle of the court within ten seconds
after its recovery.

Before this new rule was adopted, teams using
the “zone” defense and behind in the score, were
forced to abandon their position under the basket
and play the ball in order to make their opponents
attack. When defensive teams refused to come out
from the zone and endeavored to secure the ball a
stalemate was caused and low scores resulted. This
spoiled the game for everyone. The ten-second rule
reversed the procedure, because it forced the at-
tacking team to advance the ball into zone territory.
Dr. Naismith contended that the offense was un-
fairly penalized by this rule and held that the bur-
den of action was upon the defense who should try
to secure the ball.

The legislators completed the job in 1936 when
they placed a three-second restriction upon the pivot
play in the free throw area, with or without the
ball. When this rule became effective, the offense
lost one of its most potent weapons with which to
attack the zone. This “no parking” ordinance took
a great deal of strain away from the defensive
guards in a dangerous scoring area. The center of
the court directly in front of the basket was thus
protected by the rules. Coupled with the fact that
the opposition had to cross into defensive territory
within ten seconds, the three-second restriction
added further to the advantages of the zone defense.

Additional impetus to the use of the “zone” de-
fense resulted from the development of block and
screen plays. The “man-to-man” defense is pe-
culiarly susceptible to this offensive maneuver. A
great many coaches now meet these types of offense
with some form of the “zone” defense. Although
blocking and screening tactics may be employed in
attacking a “zone,” they are more effectively used
against the “man-to-man” defense.

 

The defense has weaknesses, but it also possesses
strength, and a good “zone” will give most teams
and coaches a headache. It usually develops that
players and coaches who denounce the “zone” de-
fense in basketball are those unfamiliar with its
use and methods of attacking it.

The cry that the use of the “zone” defense would
ruin basketball was loudest five years ago. Yet bas-
ketball is more popular today than ever before,
even though 40% of all basketball teams now use
some form of the zone defense.

At Long Island University, “man-to-man” has
been the basic defense. Yet there have been games
in which the speed of the opposing team, screening
plays, or the pivot attack have made the use of
a zone defense imperative. Naturally it has been
necessary to attack various types of the zone. Al-
though the scores of those games in which a “zone”
was employed have not been consistently as high
as those in which the “man-to-man” defense was
utilized, it would be unfair to say they were less
interesting.

It is not difficult to have low scoring games un-
der the present rules. Stalling tactics can still be
used in the front court. Most teams today, how-
ever, are offense minded, attacking quickly and
eagerly. Then, too, teams now employing the “zone”
are prone to regard the defense offensively by at-
tempting to secure possession quickly and score.
This desire leads to an open “zone”; rushing the
offense and taking chances, rather than use of the
ancient formula of retreat and mass under the
basket.

Both types of defense, with their many variations,
have a place in the game. If a game is closely con-
tested and both teams are trying to put the ball
“through the hoop,” I fail to see what influence the
type of defense can have upon the future of the
game. It is the writer’s belief that the intelligent
coach recognizes the strength and weakness of each
defense and impartially adapts either, both, or a
variation, to the material he finds available.

To use the zone defense on certain occasions
would be to court disaster, while not to employ it
under other circumstances would be sheer folly. I
have always endeavored to suit the remedy to the
illness, or the defense to the attack rather than hold
fast to any set standards or patterns of play.

So long as teams are offense-minded, as virtually
all are today, zone defense will not take from the
game any of its attractive features or its appeal.
Obviously no coach can afford to hold strictly to
one type of defense.

Official Watch for Timing N.C.A.A. and A.A.U. Championships Is LONGINES —
The Sports-World’s Most Honored Watch

 

 
 

er

 

MAJOR JOHN L. GRIFFITH, Commis-
sioner of Athletics of the Western
Conference for the last nineteen
years, has been intimately associated
with sports ever since he was a stu-
dent at Beloit College. For five years
he was President of the National
Collegiate Athletic Association, and
is at present its Secretary and Trea-
surer. He also served as a member of
the American Olympic Committee.

WESTERN CONFERENCE BASKETBALL

| | ieee in the Big Ten, as nationally,
has been recognized for its superior qualities
as a game of youth.

It is a rugged game, and it is the rugged games
which are making their greatest contributions in
these times. They are the games which, by their de-
mands of physical stamina and fortitude, are build-
ing men better prepared physically for the rigors
of their times. They are the games whose demands
of moral stamina and fortitude sharpen the com-
petitive instinct and equip their players to take
punishments and disappointments but return un-
subdued, better defenders of their nation’s welfare.
as citizens in times of peace and as members of
the armed forces in times of emergency.

The high schools and colleges of the nation,
since the last war, have given increasing attention
to those athletic programs which best develop the
desirable qualities of leadership and loyalty. The
Big Ten is particularly indebted in the progress of
its programs to the sports emphasis of the high
schools in its Mid-Western area. It is perhaps sig-
nificant that a recent survey among 4,723 high
schools in the seven states of the Conference area
showed that 4,662 schools, or 98.9 per cent, sup-
ported basketball teams. :

The Western Conference was organized in 1895,
four years after the invention of basketball by Dr.
James Naismith, and it appears that the sport was
being played at Conference schools about that time.

By 1901 intercollegiate basketball competition
was being conducted but in wholly unorganized
fashion. In 1905 five members of the Conference,
Chicago, Illinois, Purdue, Minnesota and Wiscon-
sin, met to organize the Western Intercollegiate
Basketball League, sponsoring formal schedules. As
other institutions adopted the sport on an inter-

collegiate basis or were admitted to Conference
membership, competition extended to its status as
a Big Ten sport.

The high caliber of play throughout the history
of the sport in the Conference has been mani-
fested of recent years in the record made by Big
Ten teams in National Collegiate Athletic Associa-
tion tournament competition. In 1939, first year of
the tournament, Ohio State, the Conference cham-
pions, went to the tournament finals before meet-
ing defeat. In 1940 Indiana, which had placed sec-
ond to Purdue in Conference competition but which
had twice defeated Purdue during the year, repre-
sented the Big Ten in the tournament and pro-
ceeded to a championship victory. Last year Wis-
consin, the Conference champions, repeated that
championship performance in the national tourney.

Conference teams are limited to 20 games during
the regular season, and in 1942 will for the first
time play 15 of those games against Conference
opponents in a near round-robin schedule of home-
and-home games. In 1941-42, however, the Confer-
ence Faculty Representatives have given special
permission for 21 games to be played, to accommo-
date the scheduling of contests with service teams
from Great Lakes Naval Training Station and Cha-
nute Field. Rantoul, Il., both of which number on
their squads several former Conference athletes.

In the Western Conference we are proud of the
quality of play of our teams. Their fast passing.
hard running, and aggressive tactics are in keep-
ing, we believe, with the kind of game Dr. Naismith

‘visualized fifty years ago. Basketball holds an im-

22

portant place in the scheme of things at all Big
Ten institutions. The players like it and the public
likes it, and they are two good tests of a sport’s
real worth.
 

 

 

 

ASA S. BUSHNELL, Executive Direc-
tor, Central Office for Eastern Inter-
collegiate Athletics; Director, Sports
Section, Office of Coordinator of In-
ter-American Affairs; Director, Col-
legiate Basketball Officials Bureau;
Secretary-Treasurer, Eastern  Inter-
collegiate Basketball League.

BUREAUCRACY IN BASKETBALL

N the spring of 1940 the Collegiate Basketball
Officials Bureau was established through the
interest and cooperation of nine colleges in the
New York metropolitan area. Other institutions in
the East later joined in the sponsorship, with the
result that the Bureau served 24 colleges last year
and lists 26 among its subscribers at the outset of
the 1941-42 season. One purpose of the organiza-
tion is to simplify the process of selecting and as-
signing basketball officials through central appoint-
ment, just as is done in football, hockey, and a
, number of other sports.

An even more important objective is to acquire
uniformity—throughout Eastern territory for the
present, possibly over a wider area in the future—
in officiating methods, techniques and mechanics,
and in the conception of the game of basketball.
It seems superfluous to say that such uniformity is
desirable, and that it has not existed in the past.

The Bureau’s sponsoring colleges felt that previ-
ously there had been not only good and bad ofh-
ciating, but also different kinds and types of good
officiating, with the play of games too greatly af-
fected by this variance. They believed that basket-
ball and basketball officiating would benefit greatly
if steps could be taken to standardize the most
widely approved officiating techniques and to make
the performances of the recognized experts the pat-
tern for all officials.

In an effort to accomplish these ends, a series
of clinics for officials was held last season and
will be conducted again this year. At these sessions
men with many years of experience in handling the
sport demonstrated frequently misunderstood plays
and interpretations.

To this same purpose, a pair of capable field-
men, Dave Walsh of Hoboken and Ellwood Geiges
of Philadelphia, have undertaken the task of ob-

23

serving and advising promising younger officials,
in an effort to bring them as quickly as possible

_to the peak of their perfection. Another step has

been distribution among officials registered with the

-Bureau of a small pamphlet entitled “Manual of

Basketball Officiating.” This publication represents
an attempt to commit to paper a definite technique
and method of basketball officiating, and to pre-
sent various suggestions designed to assist indi-
vidual officials and to better officiating in general.

This booklet is just a beginning; if properly and
popularly used, however, it may some day develop
into a manual which will tell the whole story. It
is not felt that a guidebook of this sort will make
good officials out of those who have no ability or
promise, but it does seem certain that it will help
a man with officiating gifts and instincts to make
the most of his possibilities.

In my own opinion the worst foul which basket-
ball officials commit today is one which they share
with persons who never carried a whistle or who
perhaps never saw a basketball game. Like most
people, basketball officials talk too much. In my
view they are too inclined to describe the fouls
which they have called and are too ready to explain
the rulings they have made—with an occasional
comment on the war situation thrown in for good
measure. Fouls called briefly and announced clearly
leave their impression just as well as any others,
and officials who handle rulings in this way are less
likely to antagonize crowds and players as well.

Very briefly, these are the aims of the Bureau.
With basketball now one of the fastest games on
foot, with teams crossing the continent to play each
other before thousands upon thousands of specta-
tors, the skill and keenness of judgment of the offi-
cials must be a tribute to—not a liability for—the
popularity of the sport.

 

 

 
 

ee

 

 

 

NED IRISH tore his pants climbing
through a window to cover a major
college game in a small gymnasium,
when he couldn’t make his way
through the crowded doors. That led
him to thinking about putting col-
lege basketball into Madison Square
Garden, whence in 1934, the game
grew into major national promi-
nence.

Development of College Basketball in
Madison Square Garden

By Harold J. Halton

Life began twice for the American. game of
basketball. There was the natal period attributed to
Dr. James Naismith in Springfield, Mass. in 1891
and the “Life Began at FORTY-three” period in
December, 1934, attributed to Ned Irish, director of
basketball at New York’s Madison Square Garden.

Up to 1934 basketball was a game played and
viewed by millions each year, it is true, but it was
a sectional game without a really intersectional in-
terest. The East wasn’t interested in what was hap-
pening in basketball in the Midwest or the South.
The Southern player or fan wasn’t particularly in-
terested in what his neighbor in the Southwest was
doing, and the Midwest enthusiast wasn’t paying
too much attention to teams and star players of the
Rocky Mountains or Pacific Coast, and vice versa.

But in 1934 Ned Irish, a sports writer covering
college basketball for the World-Telegram, saw an
opportunity to develop the intersectional aspects
of the game by getting local college athletic author-
ities to play some of their home games in Madison
Square Garden as double-header attractions. Light
twin bills were scheduled: that year with Notre
Dame playing New York University and West-
minster meeting St. John’s University the first
night. Other visitors from the hinterlands were the
University of Kentucky, University of Pittsburgh,
Purdue, and Duquesne. The South and Midwest
were introduced to the Eastern court fan.

In addition to the regular college schedule in
Madison Square Garden, which has focused atten-
tion on the sport throughout the country and
brought to light the fact that no one section is

24

supreme, the season is concluded each year with
the National Invitation Tournament, sponsored by
the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Com-
mittee, made of ten New York City colleges. Lead-
ing teams of various sections are invited to play
in the tournament as a grand climax to the regular
season. It is an incentive to players and teams,
adds further national interest to the sport, and
contributes toward singling out a possible national
title claimant. ;

Attendance at basketball games in Madison
Square Garden has increased yearly and in this, the
eighth season, new records are expected to be set
judging by the interest in the Golden Jubilee year
and the large crowds which witnessed the Golden
Jubilee Tournament there in November. Last year
247,023 people attended 17 college doubleheaders
during the regular season, an average of 14,538
a night. The National Invitation Tourney in March
attracted 70,826, seven high school quintuplehead-
ers brought 44,379 fans, and an A.A.U. intersec-
tional game at the start of the season added 8,219
more. Records were established on each of the last
three nights of the National Tournament with 18,-
377 on hand at the finals. In six seasons of basket-
ball at Madison Square Garden 1,014,000 persons
have attended the games.

Fifty intersectional opponents have met the local
New York City quintets in the past seven years
with six newcomers listed for this season. In the
first seven years 123 games were played between
the New York quintets and those from out-of-town.
The scores of the entire series bear out the fact
that no one section has a monopoly on good play.
 

 

 

NAT HOLMAN, Basketball Coach at
City College of New York, has been
one of the outstanding figures of
basketball since his college days. He
was a member of the Original Celtics
and is the author of books and
motion pictures on the technique of
the game.

A Glance finckwward and a Look Forward
at the Game of Basketball

ee’ Fs GAME they play today is lavender and
old lace compared to the basketball we
used to play,” Bucky Harris, present manager of
the American League Washington Baseball Club,
said to one of the sports writers at a conference
table. “I prefer to remember basketball as the rug-
ged game that I used to know.” To one who has
traveled the globe playing basketball under most
trying conditions with the Original Celtics, I fully
appreciated Bucky’s remarks. Playing the game in
dance halls where a thick veil of smoke hung over
the heads of the players; where the lighting condi-
tions were so poor that at times one could barely
see the other end of the court; where fans sup-
ported their teams not only with cheers but also
with their fists; where the courts were considerably
smaller—75 x 50; where the play was all spon-
taneous with rapid and sustained ball handling, fast
dribbling and fast cutting for the basket, one knew
basketball at its roughest and toughest. The lanes,
you see, were always open. True, defense men would
switch and pick up a loose man, but you did not
have the compact defenses prevalent in our modern
game. Any person impeding the progress of a de-
fense player in pursuit of his man committed a
foul. That being the case, in order to get out in
the clear, an offensive player had to employ quick
faking, quick starting. There were no aids, such as
a teammate assuming a position on the floor and
then enabling the offensive player to run his guard
into his teammate.

Fifty years is not too long a time, yet the strides
that basketball has made within the past ten years
are startling to the old-timer. True, there always
was a tremendous amount of interest in the game

even though the crowds were not as great in at-
tendance. The “community spirit” was aways pres-
ent. However, the introduction of intersectional
games, the formation of basketball sportswriters’
associations, the radio, current periodicals, Na-
tional Collegiate tournaments, college and high
school basketball coaches’ associations, basketball
clinics, sectional rivalry, Madison Square Garden
with two-game attractions, coaching schools, and
highly competitive conference play have all added
to the general growth of the game. The officiating
has improved as a result of an officials’ organiza-
tion. The sporting goods manufacturers have done
their share to give to the game the best equipment
possible. While basketball is primarily a passing
game, we should note that the present circumfer-
ence of the ball is not greater than 30 inches and
that makes this a champagne era compared to the
old days. Compare that to the ball we used to play
with, with the circumference of 33 to 34 inches.
How pleasant it is today to handle the ball at both
passing or shooting!

Basketball is the only game which is universally
popular that has no standard dimensions for play-
ing courts. It is my humble wish that the rule
makers and all those vitally interested in the growth
of the game will pool their resources to overcome
this problem.

IN SPITE OF IT ALL... our present game has
brought joy and good health to millions of partici-
pants and spectators. Its players have had little
mortality compared to other sports and no scandal
over the years. Let the torch burn—God’s in His
Heaven and all’s well with the finest of indoor sports

—BASKETBALL.

Official Wateh for Timing N.C.A.A. and A.A.U. Championships Is LONGINES —
The Sports-World’s Most Honored Watch

EMRE RATISHLE Bie

 

 
 

The Inventor

Tells
His Own Story

BASKETBALL

as

AT SEL
lntreduction by CLAIR BEE

 

BASKETBALL

Its Origin and Development

by James Naismith

 

Much has been written concerning bas-
ketball in the fifty years of its existence,
but for every lover of the sport the real
“MUST” in reading is Dr. Naismith’s
own fascinating story of the game he
founded.

In this autobiography the father of bas-
ketball takes you through all the phases
of the game since its introduction at
Springfield in 1891 until today when it
is played in nearly every nation in the
world. It is a thrilling story that makes
basketball even more exciting to play
and more fascinating to watch.

BASKETBALL belongs in every fan’s
library.

200 pages — Illustrated

 

 

 

ASSOCIATION PRESS
347 Madison Avenue
New York, N. Y.

Lewant= <2... copies of James Naismith’s own

story of BASKETBALL @ $2.00 each.

( ) check enclosed ( ) send C. O. D.

 

BASKETBALL MEANS
SPORTSMANSHIP

(Continued from page 7)
to olden days, who practice the obsolete code: “win
at any cost.” To acquire a star player with a tar-
nished “amateur” record, there are some coaches
who “forget” (if they think they can get away with
it) the elemental rules of right and wrong. They
encourage ineligible young men to answer amateur
registration blank questions untruthfully, and per-
jurously vouch for the true amateur standing of
such applicants. As advisors to young men during
their character forming years, athletic officials older
and more experienced than most players should
teach the oncoming generation that no game is
worth winning at the expense of decency and fair
play. :

If competition is specifically designated for ama-
teurs only, why should second-grade professionals
or so-called “semi-pros” unfairly intrude? And
why should otherwise unapproachable officials aid
such deception? The modern professional athlete,
be he physical director, coach, referee, or paid
player in any sport, has good reason to be proud
of his personal prestige and sportsmanship stan-
dards. It is not good sportsmanship, by any code,
if a coach or physical director aids an obviously
ineligible player to enlist as an amateur and un-
fairly compete against true amateurs.

Happily the type I criticize is few in number.
I hope the time is near when he will completely
disappear from our athletic life. Basketball is today
on a high plane. It should not and need not tolerate
this small number of men who are out of step with
this great game which typifies the best in our Amer-
ican life: hard, clean competition, with rules ap-
plied fairly and equally to all!

Basketball indeed has grown, even in the short
span of a single life, as I view it. And through the
years it has provided a tremendous amount of
pleasure and personal benefits, not only to the col-
legians and the professionals, but to untold thou-
sands of working boys who pursue the sport in
athletic clubs, Y.M.C.A.’s, Catholic Youth organi-
zations, Y.M.H.A.’s, playgrounds, industrial recre-
ational groups, etc.

I don’t know of any other activity in our coun-
try that has done more to make our youth mentally
alert and physically fit than basketball. We can face
the future as a nation with full confidence that
basketball and our other athletic sports will prove
of vital value in any test which may confront us.
ASKETBALL, born in Massachusetts, bred in

Indiana, cultivated in Kansas, remodeled in
California, and full dressed as America’s foremost
after dinner screech in Madison Square Garden, has
been translated into almost as many languages as
the Bible. And there are places in these United
States where it is taken just as seriously.

Its chief merit seems to be its adaptability. It can
make itself at home almost anywhere and that,
more than anything else, unless it be its simplicity,
is probably accountable for the game’s growth. AI-
most every game known to mankind has been
elaborated on in the course of its evolution. Basket-
ball, beginning with eighteen players, has been
cut to ten.

It seems sensible to admit that basketball filled
a spot that baseball created when winter arrived
and all kinds of weather drove people inside. It
has a little edge on our national pastime too for it
provided excellent entertainment for the spectator
in the evening when there was time for adult recre-
ation. It was not even as demanding in the matter
of equipment as baseball.

That little hall in the basement of the church
could be made into a gymnasium or perhaps the
assembly room in the high school would do. The
town hall didn’t have to undergo much remodeling
to make it fit for an evening’s game. And the neigh-
boring community was more than happy to buggy
over and have a go at the next town’s quintet. If
ever a game was born with a silver dollar in its
pocket, basketball was it.

The spirit of rivalry engendered by the playing
reached into bigger fields. One town would say the
next town’s gym wasn’t much so the next town
built a new one. Pride took charge of another
neighboring community so the aroused folks put

 

 

27

 

Ww. F. FOX, Sports Editor of the
Indianapolis News, is one of the
country’s leading basketball writers.

INDIANA-HOTBED OF BASKETBALL

up a better hall of goals in their town. Woven
into this natural growth came other accessories such
as the urge for education, the building of new
roads, the coming of the automobile, and the like.

Before talking about the state of Indiana, I
would like to say this. No one out our way claims
that Indiana produces better basketball players than
any other part of the nation. Indiana does claim
that for the size of it, it does turn out more good
basketball players than any part of the nation.
Maybe Indiana isn’t a fair locality to dwell upon
in tracing basketball’s growth, but certainly no sec-
tion of the country is more ideally suited for such
tracing than the home of Booth Tarkington, James
Whitcomb Riley, George Ade, Meredith Nicholson
and a few others who never shot a basket.

More words have been written about basketball
in Indiana and written in Indiana than the United
States Government has spent pennies for defense.
Why? Simply because, as I have contended for
years, the basketball gym is the night club of In-
diana and the supreme court out this way has a
couple of goals hanging at either end with bleach-
ers wherever there is room for them.

I know that the good citizens of one town sub-
scribed over $100,000 in three days for a new
basketball gym and they paid off that indebtedness
in no time at all without benefit of slot machines
or bingo. Another community of 4,900 population
built a basketball hall in which the seats were 28
inches wide and 28 inches deep and 5,200 could go
on a sit down strike without disturbing the play-
ers’ court. In one year that gymnasium paid $13,000.

All this was born of community spirit, and that
spirit reached over the whole state as completely
as the movies dominate Hollywood. I suppose the
game grew in that manner all over the nation.

 

 

 
 

ik

 

GRAND OLD MASTERS OF BASKETBALL

Brief History of the “Buffalo Germans”

By “ALLIE” SEELBACH, Coach, Canisius College

r the Golden Anniversary of Basketball, when

many present and past records of teams have
been written about and discussed, historians have
overlooked the first and still one of the greatest
records of them all as compiled by the Buffalo
Germans Y.M.C.A. team, the Pan-American and first
Olympic basketball champs.

In 1891, when Dr. Naismith originated the game
at the Springfield Y.M.C.A. College, a young stu-
dent, Frederick Burkhardt, played in that memor-
able first game. After graduation a year later, ‘he
took up his work at the Buffalo German Y.M.C.A.
and here taught the game and organized the first
Junior Buffalo League. As in many other cases,
these are the men who definitely spread the game.

In 1895 a team composed of Al Heerdt and Billy
Rhode, forwards; John Maier, center; Edward
Miller and Jay Bayliss, guards; with Emil Martin
as substitute, played their first outside games, win-
ning eight and losing none. The next year Henry
Faust replaced Jay Bayliss and the team won nine
more games, again losing none. The following year
the team graduated into the Senior division, Ed-
mund Reiman replacing Emil Martin, and in meet-
ing other representative Y and Athletic Club teams
won 15 and lost 3. In 1900-01, as many more teams
developed in this area, they won 33 and lost one,
winning during this six year period a total of 87
games while losing six.

In 1901, the great Pan-American Exposition was
held in Buffalo, and in June of that year the first
National Open Basketball Tournament was played
as a part of the Exposition’s athletic program.
Teams entered were the highly favored Entres-Nous
team from Patterson, N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y., Y;
Cambridge, Mass., Y; Newark, N. J.; Flushing, L.
Is.; St. Joseph’s from Patterson; Manlius, N. Y.
Military School and the Buffalo team, which en-
tered for the novelty and experience this high class
of competition would afford. The first day of the
tournament, on a clay court, Buffalo defeated
Brooklyn Y 10-6 and also the favored Entres-Nous
team 16-5. The second day they polished off the
Cambridge Y team 10-5, Newark 9-3, and Flushing
10-4. Since three of the players, Heerdt, Maier, and
Reiman were still attending Masten Park High
School, it was necessary for them to complete final
examinations the last day of the tournament.

28

In 1907-08 the greatest winning streak of all
times was started when Buffalo won its last eleven
games of that season. The following year, 1908-09,
they won 40 straight.

Included among the defeated teams were the
Pacific Coast Champions from Dallas, Oregon, who
had ‘won 96 consecutive games and traveled 10,000
miles to play this game; and also Notre Dame, de-
feated twice after they had won 22 straight. In
1909-10, 34 more games were added, and in 1910-
11, 22 more before the Herkimer, N. Y. team de-
feated Buffalo at Herkimer by one point. Following
this game the team went on to win 34 games before
losing to Tonawanda, N. Y., finishing a four year
schedule winning 152 games while losing 2. Dur-
ing this 111 game streak, Buffalo scored 6001
points for an average of more than 54 points per
game against the 12 opponents’ 2017 or an average
of 18 points per game. No team at any time scored
more than 27 points in any one game against them.

They continued on as a team, naturally adding
young blood occasionally, until they disbanded in
1929. A few of the men added included the follow-
ing: Bert Post, Al Hutter, Bill McCleary, Dip Mur-
ray, Ray Knapp, Chuck Taylor and a few others.
When they disbanded in 1929 they had won 761
games and lost 85 over a period of 29 years.

In 1931 at an average age of 51 years these
men, Rhode, Heerdt, Schell, Ed Miller and Faust
played in a benefit game at Tonawanda, N. Y.
winning by one point. The excellent condition of
these men is best illustrated by stating that three
of the men played the entire 40 minutes while two
played one half each following only three nights
of practice.

All the original players mentioned in this article
are still living and gainfully occupied in their
chosen profession or vocation. Two are doctors,
three are salesmen, one works for the Hewitt Rub-
ber Co. and another in the Pullman Car Shops.

The long and useful careers of these former bas-
ketball stars is fitting testimony to the fact that the
game is not harmful but helpful when properly
played. No game has done so much, to my way of
thinking, to build up healthy bodies. All over the
United States may be found men who were con-
temporaries of the Buffalo Germans, and it goes
without saying, all got satisfaction out of the game.
SEES SESS ee ee ace RRR aN cee rR ELST Ds. ns F a

———————————

 

 

 

WILLARD N. GREIM, Director of Ath-

Schools. is a graduate of Springfield
College. where he was an all-around
athlete. He is Chairman of the Men’s
Basketball Committee of the Ama-
teur Athletic Union of the United
States. and Manager of the National
A. A. U. Basketball Championships
in Denver since 1935. He is a Colonel
in the Reserve Army.

THE A.A.U. AND BASKETBALL

THLETIC SPORTS in the United States were

not always as well organized and conducted
as they are today. This statement applies equally
to interscholastic and intercollegiate sports, as well
as to sports outside of schools and colleges. Years
ago the country was infested with teams of athletes,
as well as individuals, touring the country under
their rightful or assumed names, making their living
on side bets or duping the public. The Amateur
Athletic Union was organized in 1888 in the hope
that this condition could be altered, and, also, that
certain sports which were essentially amateur in
character could be properly promoted.

Schools and colleges have continued their organi-
zation and promotion of sports for their student
bodies but their activities are limited to school
groups. The A.A.U. has attempted to further sports
activities especially for men and women not in-
volved in the school and college programs and has
also included the school and college athletes in its
program. Because of their present and future in-
terest in the athletes who have been developed in
their programs, colleges have affiliated with the
A.A.U. hoping to formulate the best conditions of
participation for these athletes. The influence of the
A.A.U. has done much to eliminate the professional
athlete from amateur ranks and to raise the stand-
ards of amateur competition.

Basketball was one of the sports over which the
A.A.U. assumed jurisdiction a number of years ago.
At that time, basketball was thought of as a recrea-
tional activity rather than a highly competitive
game. From its inception in 1891, basketball de-
veloped into a game popular with independent

~ teams affliated with the Y.M.C.A., athletic clubs,

and such organizations throughout the eastern part
of the United States. Its growth throughout the mid-

western and western part of the U. S. was largely
through schools and colleges. The A.A.U. empha-
sized its play among its member organizations and
attempted to hold championships in the various
associations, and here the major emphasis rested
until 1920.

At the annual meeting of the A.A.U. in 1919,
the men’s basketball championships on a national
basis were scheduled to be held in Atlanta, Georgia.
The 1920 tournament attracted teams from various
parts of the United States, and was the first of the
A.A.U. basketball championships awarded to the
Missouri Valley Association. It was held at Kansas
City, Missouri. The tournament was continued there
for fourteen years, and it expanded to include as
many as sixty teams with wide representation
throughout the United States. Since 1935 the champ-
ionships have been held in Denver, Colorado, under
the auspices of the Rocky Mountain Association of

‘the A.A.U. and with continued success from the

standpoint of both representation and finances.

Each year since 1920 there has been college rep-
resentation in the tournament, but the recent plan
of the N.C.A.A. to hold a national championship
has involved many of their best teams.

Basketball was recognized significantly when it
was made a part of the 1936 Olympic Games Pro-
gram. This was done largely through the efforts
of the A.A.U. and the N.C.A.A. working through
the American Olympic Committee.

Today, basketball is a game of the masses. It
can be played by boys, girls, men, and women.
The expert and the novice can enjoy participating
in it. The future will likely see an expansion in the
numbers playing the game. following the direction
indicated earlier by its originator, Dr. James
Naismith.

Official Wateh for Timing N.C.A.A. and A.A.U. Championships Is LONGINES —
The Sports-World’s Most Honored Watch

 

letic Education in the Denver Public.

 

 
 

 

PRO BASKETBALL HAS PLAYED
AN IMPORTANT PART

By John O’Brien

JOHN O'BRIEN, President of the American Basketball
League since 1928 was educated at St. John’s Col-
lege in Brooklyn. Since 1908 he has been associated
with Basketball as player, manager, coach and ref-
eree. He is Vice-President and Director of several

oil companies.

HE first draft of the thirteen rules devised by

the fertile brain of Professor James Naismith
governing the playing of basketball had scarcely
been hung on the bulletin board of Springfield
College, Springfield, Mass., in February, 1892, be-
fore the professional player accepted the game as
his own and exercised a dominating influence in
its early development, which has continued with
slight diminution to the present day. He kept the
sport ‘alive in the gaslighted mauve decade when
college interest was rather passive, and his contri-
butions then and now have been of immeasurable
value.

Few of the universities of the country had gym-
nasiums large enough for the staging of basketball
in its formative period, but in almost all of the
industrial cities of the East were located armories,
Y.M.C.A.’s and clubs with auditoriums of sufficient
size to arrange for the proper presentation of the
game. In various towns and cities along the North-
ern Atlantic Coast the development of numbers of
capable players quickly ensued, and with a keen
civic pride various municipalities attracted to their
confines such players as had made noteworthy rep-
utations. Before many years had elapsed a strong
feeling was created in the Eastern section of the
country that there was “Gold in them thar hills,”
and the mining of this ore has continued with a
preponderance of good pay dirt while few faulty
structures have appeared.

The first professional league came into being in
1896 under the name of the National League, com-
prising the leading teams in the State of New
Jersey and in Philadelphia, Pa.

From the start of the game in 1891, a number
of important professional traveling teams unques-
tionably added their great contributions to the ad-
vancement of the sport. In the earlier days, and
after the turn of the century, the 23rd Street
Y.M.C.A. of New York City, the 17th Separates
of Flushing, L. I., Clark House—University Settle-
ment of New York City, the Crescents of Paterson,

30

N. J., and while not of professional origin, the
Buffalo Germans of Buffalo, N. Y., winners of the
Olympic Championship at the St. Louis Fair in
1904, spread the doctrine of physical fitness and
the need for clean living in order to compete suc-
cessfully in this newly developed sport.

Following these groups came one of the prom-
inent teams of all time—the Company G of Glovers-
ville, N. Y., later known as the Troy, N. Y., World
Champions. This team not only competed in the
New York State League, where it won several
championships, but it took the most extensive trip
planned up to that time by playing games nightly as
far west as Wyoming. Few, if any clubs ever
amassed a greater number of victories without de-
feats than the famous Troy combination, over so
vast a territory. The club to overthrow the Troy
reign in New York State was Utica, N. Y., com-
posed for the most part of Clark House-University
Settlement boys from the lower East Side in New
York City.

In later years the New York Nationals took up
the trail established by the Troy Club and accom-
plished remarkable achievements during a twelve-
year period by playing clubs in all sections of
the country, with few setbacks.

Probably the greatest traveling team in the an-
nals of the game was a group organized on a New
York City playground in 1914—and called the
Original Celtics. The managers of this enterprising
light-weight team soon enlisted the cream of the
professional players of the country and paid sal-
aries comparable to those received by major league
baseball luminaries, so that after World War I, the
Celtics with a star-studded lineup made the world
conscious of the supremacy of the Eastern type of
professional basketball. These ambassadors of
sport, recognized now as one of the greatest teams
ever developed if not the peer of them all, played
outstanding quintets of the East, Mid-West, Far-
West and South. Rules of all types and descrip-
tions, halls of large and small dimensions with
 

nanan i laa tN

 

 

ORIGINAL CELTICS (1920)

(Standing, left to right) Chris Leonard,
Bart Meany, James A. Furey, Megr.,
Tom Furey, John Whitty, George Hag-
gerty.

(Seated, left to right) Mike Smolick,
John Beckman, Ernie Reich, Nat Hol-
man, Pete Barry.

hostile crowds and officials, were encountered by
the New Yorkers, but they carried the torch so
adequately in hamlets as well as in prominent
cities, that few blemishes such as occasional defeats
marred their escutcheons. Their scientific perform-
ances left a lasting impression upon all. Thou-
sands of victories crowned their efforts, and while
few of the original Shamrock wearers cavort on
the wooden runway today, the name is still capably
carried on the road by successors.

The past ten years have marked the rise to prom-
inence of two great colored teams in the Renais-
sance Club of New York City and the Harlem
Globe Trotters of Chicago. Both of these knights
of the road are exponents of the higher type of
basketball perfection, and brilliant records have
been compiled by them all over the United States
and Canada during the period of their organization.

The Metropolitan League started a successful
eight-year period of activity in 1921, and in turn
produced another crop of newer stars among its
clubs, located entirely in the Greater New York
area, with prominence created principally through
the development of a remarkable Brooklyn Visita-
tion combination.

A prominent group of sportsmen then saw the
possibility for professional basketball in the Mid-
West, and in 1925 the American League was estab-
lished, to assume a position of more important
national aspect than any of the others since 1891.
The assemblage of clubs in its roster included teams
from Boston, Mass., to Chicago, IIl., and in a few
months practically all of the better known Eastern
stars were enrolled on the rosters of clubs in that

31

 

circuit. Salaries were paid to a considerable number
as high as $1,000 per month, to a selected group as
high as $1,500 per month, and in one instance
$2,000 per month. This league functioned with vari-
ous changes until 1931 when it was felt that the
serious setback suffered by all sports due to the

depression made it necessary to suspend Eastern
and Western engagements for a short period of
time. The majority of the Celtics played and won
several championships for the Cleveland Rosen-
blums during this period.

For two years the American League remained
dormant, only to be reorganized in 1933 to operate
solely in Eastern cities, where it is still functioning.
In this phase of the game’s development a new
contender has arisen to claim a spot in the basket-
ball firmament, equally as effulgent as any of its
predecessors, in the Philadelphia Sphas, winners of
five American League titles in the past eight years.

The heritage left by the players of bygone days
has provided a tradition and record unsurpassed
by any other professional sport in the annals of
American history. Former Governors, Senators,
Congressmen, a Chairman of the National Base-
ball Commission, Mayors, Judges, Executives in re-
sponsible charge of industrial companies, Bankers,
State Officials high in legislative chambers, Police
Inspectors, Surgeons of international recognition,
High School Principals and others in all walks of
life can attribute part of their success to the ideas
inculcated in their years of professional basketball

activities.

 

 
 

 

A typical basketball team on an
Island Plantation (Wailuku Sugar
Company). Note racial ancestry of
the different players.

E. L. Damkroger

Director of Recreation

Alexander House Community Ass’n

Wailuku, Maui, T. H.

 

BASKETBALL IN HAWAII

F the basketball world today were to select a
™ “capital” for this sport on the basis of number
of players per capita, the Territory of Hawaii,
America’s Gibralter of the Pacific, would win in a
walk. On each of the six principal islands of our
group, Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, Kauai, Lanai and Mo-
lokai, you will find the boys in our grammar schools
learning to play basketball along with the arith-
metic and other studies. On the Island of Maui,
where the writer lives, with a population of 48,000
in 1940, we had four hundred and thirty-four or-
ganized basketball teams in leagues playing for
island championships in their respective classes un-
der the supervision of one organization. Every one
of our 27 grammar schools on Maui has a “varsity”
team which plays in the islandwide school league.

Hawaii is an agricultural community with sugar
cane and pineapple being its main products. Ours
is, therefore, mainly a rural community life organ-
ized into plantations, with the major portion of the
population living in small villages. Basketball, as
a recreation, fits into the picture much better than
any other sport, and visitors will find gymnasia
and outdoor electrically lighted courts in most of
our plantation villages and centers. Every village
has several teams, some plantations having as many
as fifty or more. Incidentally, it is recognized by
leaders in recreation that our industrial recreational
setup is second to none in America.

Basketball, better than any other sport, offers us
a great opportunity to teach American ideals in
action. American boys, sons of the many races to
be found in our “melting pot” of the Pacific, learn
true Americanism through basketball. I have seen

many teams whose entire personnel did not have
two players of the same racial extraction.

Every school in our splendid educational system,
from the University of Hawaii to the smallest gram-
mar school, boasts of from one to several basket-
ball teams.

A handicap to be found in meeting mainland
teams (and we have teams visit us yearly from the
coast universities) is height. Our athletes, especially
those of Japanese, Filipino, and Chinese parentage,
are not, on the whole, as tall as the average athletes
of other racial groups.

Each year Hawaii prints a sports annual of its
own containing records, championships and other
important athletic information. More space is de-
voted to basketball than any other sport. Here you
will find listed the annual Territorial AAU cham-
pionship winners, the Territorial high school cham-
pionship winners, the leading plantation teams,
service teams and other teams in Territorial wide
competition. The Army and Navy, with their large
service population, play a big part in our athletic
life, especially on the Island of Oahu.

When Dr. Naismith started basketball at Spring-
field College fifty years ago, he little realized that
he was giving into the hands of recreational leaders
in America’s outpost in the Pacific a medium, val-
uable beyond measure, for teaching and expressing
those democratic ideals that we love and want to
preserve as our American way of life. So, as no.
other word can express it, Aloha to the memory of
a great American who started something that is
100 per cent American and always will be —

BASKETBALL.

PRINTED BY DAVIS, DELANEY & HARRS, INC., NEW YORK

 

 

ica
TO THIS

Basketball was played for years outdoors and
in stuffy gymnasia and poorly lighted base-
ments of schools and churches. In such  sur-

roundings, the stars of the early days learned
the game.

Today basketball is played in settings such as
those shown here. Left, the Chicago-American
College All-Star Game. Below, Madison Square
Garden in New York City. Crowds of 20,000
are not exceptions. They would be larger if
there were accommodations for them. Basket-
ball is now the biggest sport in the sense of
drawing power.

Me coecotes ee % os
Ser pn bores fae
ee A Paso Oey sas pity

bi es per tae et ed

Poe eats
a

ee

=
9. ie &.

ws eh ae,
sage ae as

a

 
 

  
   
   
 

BASKETBALL’S CHAMPION SHOES

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1891-194]

  
 

 

ae F9— F OR OVER a quarter-century, Converse

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players, on more courts, than any other
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comfort and all-round performance, more
players wear ALL STARS than ever before
in the thrilling history of basketball. In
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and kept Converse ALL STARS America’s
leading basketball shoes.

    
 
  

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c

 

=~"

 

   

MALDEN, MASSACHUSETTS

 

 

CHICAGO 912 w. Monroe Street ST. PAUL” 242 E. Fifth Street NEW YORK 200 Church Street )

ee :

 
 
SE

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rte

MILTON P. ALLEN 2
ATTORNEY AT LAW : @
LAWRENCE, KANSAS ;

February 12, 1943

20¢ Dey FF. Os Alien
FROM: Me Pe Allen

SUBJECT: Oklahoma Aggies-Olathe Clipper Scout Notes

Coach Iba started the following team: Maddox and Yates, forwards;
Steinmeir, center; and Herron and Bogert, guards. The Clippers! starting
line-up was composed of Lockhart and Conley, forwards; Covert, center;
and Lewis and Hahn, guards.

The Aggies' defensive play was consistently aggressive and efficient
during the first half. Their offensive play was unusual in that they
attempted numerous fast breaks, starting from a long pass out from under
the defensive basket to Maddox, cutting diagonally across the center line.
Such fast breaks were spearheaded by Maddox down the center of the court,
with either Herron or Bogert breaking strongly from one side and Yates from
the other. They broke into an early lead and protected it for the entire
first half. Their ball-handling was smoother than at the. time we met them
in Lawrence. However, in the second half, the Clippers started "picking
them up" all over the court, which, strangely enough for an Iba coached
team, confused them and aggravated mumerous errors in judgement and pass-=
inge Such confusion was aggravated by loose officiating which permitted
violent bodily contact on the part of the Clippers.

- The old Aggie roll, with which you are quite familiar, worked to

good advantage against the Clippers, as they were not checking off in
front of the free throw circle, and on several occasions permitted Herron
to dribble from the pickoff, which-was executed about five feet in front
of the free throw circle, into the bucket for a layup.

Maddox scored four out of eight shots from twenty-five to thirty
feet from the old block play used last year by Eggleston. He is a good
set shot but needs time to set his feet before he is dangerous. Hahn
played him tight in the second half and held him scoreless.

Yates played a fundamentally poor game, but scored three baskets as
@ result of his untiring efforts under the bucket. Bogert scored two
baskets with his left hand, driving across the free throw line.

The seven-footer, Bob Kurland, played a surprisingly good game defen=-
Sively. He blocked several drives in shots from under the basket, where
Iba seemed content to leave him during his fifteen minutes of play.

Steinmeir played his typically poor gamee He made three fouls rather

early in the game, and if it hadn't been for Kurland's imporvement, the

result would have been disasterous.
ROTTED SSENARDERTE

ll i

MILTON P. ALLEN
ATTORNEY AT LAW
LAWRENCE, KANSAS

Sam Aubrey, who appears to me to be better than Iba seems to think,
was inserted into the line-up at a critical point in the second half, and
monopolized the backboards at both ends of the floor,

tn conclusion I would say that the only significant change in the
Aggies! style of play, was, as I have pointed out before, the stronger
fast break and longer shooting from side blocks in front of the free throw
line and from the sides of the court. The officiating in this game was
rather loose on both sides. Those wearing the striped shirt of an official
were Ed Hess and Louis House. Further comment is obviously unnecessary.

I hope this will be of some assistance to you in Stillwater next
Wednesday night. Best of luck on your northern tripe

Sincerely yours,

 

MPA/ca
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY llth

7:30 P. M.

Schooley’s vs. Maryville Teachers
8:30 P. M.

Naval Air Station vs. Oklahoma A. & M.

NAVY CLIPPERS

Left to right: First row—Rex Conley, Harold Howey, Jack Griffith, Si Sickles.

Second row—Bill Hahn, Keith Thomas, Lt. (jg) Martin Peters (assistant coach), Lt. (jg) James Gardner (athletic director
and coach), Lt. (jg) Henry Hart, Jr. (athletic publicity), Don Toevs, Jim Nebergall.

Third row—Francis Lynch, Homer Wesche, Grady Lewis, Dale Covert, Don Lockard, Bill Menke, Chief Fred Cameron
(trainer).

All proceeds of these eight double-header programs go to Naval Welfare Fund, Naval Air Station, Olathe, Kansas

 
NATIONAL INTERCOLLEGIATE
TOURNAMENT

Don’t forget the National Inter-

collegiate Basketball Tournament,
March 8th to 13th. This fitting
climax to Kansas City’s basketball
season will again provide the excit-
ing form of basketball entertain-
ment the fans here demand.

The National Intercollegiate was
cre, ted here and has developed un-
der the able handling of Emil Lis-
ton, Athietic Director of Baker
University and the sponsorship of
Kansas City’s Junior Chamber of
Commerce, to the extent of where
it is now a fixture eagerly awaited
by all basketball fans of this section.

Each year fans tell one another
that this year’s tournament cannot
be as exciting as the previous one,
with sensational finishes, one point
heart-breakers, and over-time con-
tests, but each year they prove them-
selves wrong and leave the Audi-
torium shaking their heads and mut-
tering to each other that they have
just seen the impossible.

Well, perhaps they have; at least
the games seem to get closer each
year and the fans really go wild try-
ing to pull their favorites through.

We sincerely recommend reserv-
ing your seats now for this grand
tournament by calling the Junior
Chamber of Commerce at VIctor
6688.

INDIVIDUAL SCORING

Don Lockard, former Phillips
“66” player, is now leading the
Navy Clippers in average points per
game with a 7.84 figure. The wily

forward has hit 45 field goals and 12 |

free throws in 13 games and holds
a commanding lead over his nearest
rival, Flying Bill Menke, who has 6
and a half points per game average.

Lockard, incidentally, is the first
player to hit the 100 mark this sea-
son for the Olathe five. The Arkan-
sas Jumping Jack has nailed 102
points so far while Homer Wesche,
.center, has 87 to take runner-up
honors. With six games remaining
on the schedule and with two more
as possibilities it appears that Lock-
ard should hit close to the 150 point
mark this season, if he maintains his
present standard. Dale Covert, re-
serve forward, has surged upward
on the scoring ledger, having gath-
ered 42 points in the last six games.

Harold Howey, who has not seen
action for two weeks due to a foot
injury, retains the lead in the free

throw department with a remark-
able .750 percentage. Howey has hit

-12 of his 16 tries. Covert slipped

slightly in percentage but still holds
second place with a .692 percentage.

Lockard’s 45 hits from the field
gives him the lead in the field goal
cCOluimn and Wesche’s’ 25. free

throws make him high man there.

Wesche has also had the most
chances, having been fouled 43
times. Grady Lewis has erred the
most, having been convicted of mak-
ing 31 personal fouls in 15 games
while Bill Hahn follows close be-
hind with an aggregate of 26.

VALUE OF ATHLETIC
TRAINING

Athletics and physical condition-
ing in general is not mere by-play
in the Navy. Competitive sports and
organized calisthenics are spon-
sored and encouraged by Navy men
from the top to the bottom of the
ladder. Time and time again in ac-
tion the value of athletic training
and regular exercise has manifested
itself where it counts most—when
lives are at stake or an action is in
the balance. Recently at an air train-
ing center, a survey of the first four
classes was made and it was found
that over half of the leading cadets
were putting into battle-practice the
teamwork that they had learned on
the gridirons, courts and gymna-
sium floors of America’s high
schools and colleges.

From time to time letters come
back to the Bureau of Naval Per-
sonnel that vividly point out the
need of constant physical training.
The following, written by the Chief
Specialist in charge of the physical
fitness program aboard the “Wasp,”
is an excerpt from one of them:

“The greatest zeed of the men in
our Navy was burned into my mem-
ory the day our ship was torpedoed.
I saw men die because they could
not swim well enough to carry
themselves out of danger. I saw men
almost exhausted and helpless, who
told me later to enroll them in my
next class of exercise. Why? Be-
cause they realized that they needed
that conditioning to increase their
strength, endurance and stamina.
Many men came to me aboard the
transport on our way back to the
States, and expressed their thanks
and how grateful they were that
they had taken the exercise — they

i

knew THEN how much it had
helped them.” *

At Air Stations, like Olathe, a
great deal of stress is laid on the
physical training of the personnel—
with particular emphasis on keeping
the aviation cadets in A-1 condition.
Utilizing a large physical training
building, a corps of eighteen officers
and chief specialists conduct a train-
ing program that taxes the capacity
of the structure from morning to
night. Competitive sports such as
basketball, boxing, wrestling and
touch football are participated in
along with such conditioning and
instructive activities as military
track, hand to hand combat tactics,
calisthenics and gymnastics. Such a
program carried on at all the pri-
mary training stations all over the
country under the competent direc-
tion of successful former coaches is
helping greatly to reduce loss of life
in action and is adding to the effici-
ency of U. S. Naval Aviation.

SCHOOLEYS TO MEET
CLIPPERS

Arrangements are now under way
for the two leading teams of this
section to meet in a single game,
or perhaps a home-and-home sched-
ule.

Yes, the Schooleys have issued a
challenge to the Navy Clippers
which has been accepted, making it
possible for these two strong squads
to test each others strength. Many
feel that the Schooleys have enough
power to give the Clippers a whale
of a ball game and have urged a
meeting between the two teams.

Announcement of the date and
place of the game will be made later.

NEW PLAYERS STAR

“Cotton” Andrews and Chuck
Ransom, two of the newest addi-
tions to the Schooleys basketball
team are doing a great job in mak-
ing the Schooleys a more formidable
aggregation during the last stages
of the basketball season than they
were in the beginning.

Andrews is beginning to find the
range of his shots and is an excel-
lent passer and rebound man. Ran-
som is one of the greatest defensive
stars ever developed in Kansas City
and seems to improve with age.
Chuck is pouring in the points on
offense in better fashion than ever
before, and taking care of his de-
fensive duties in his usual grand
style.
- 7:30 GAME

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SCHOOLEY PRINTING & STATIONERY CO. MARYVILLE TEACHERS
PLAYER HO. fom! cae sueowe. | fous PLAYER Wo} Beeb peers oo wg | ROuLs
Fred Troutwine 11 Adams 34
Ted McCrary 22 Boswell 30
Bob Butherus 33 Cross 25
Cotton Andrews 44 : || Fletcher 20
Martin Nash 50 Johnson 21 eee
Jim Gilman 77 Tauchiskis 32
Lem Jones &6 Myers 23
Leo Mandl 88 Pierpoint 27
Cernech 99 Poll 22
Chas. Ransom 30 Rudolph 28 |
Willie Sprout 20 Siegel 31
Jim Baker 55 Snyder 33
Wiseman 26
Corken 24

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I aes,

a

8:30

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

y 4
NAVAL AIR STATION . \Y 7 LAHOMA A. & M. a
PLAver no. [ ros. | cons | minows [be ves” | no. | ros. | conto | vimows | me
Conley 42 Oe addoxy| 65 | XXX
Menke 3 ea. on Yates 77 ae x X X (KX i f
Sickles ee oS tuqrt Allen 22 os
Brown 5 a - ) / . L. Bennett 95 a a
Toevs 6 | : / FY Bill Layden | 55 e
Nebergoll 8 UH ae 4 Cee Doyle Parrack 33 é
Howey ” a d AXY. Pe _ Bob Rogers 44 . Y )
Hahn o. 12 lLxKKX ” _Lou Steinmeir f | 75
Covert % 13 sre Bob Kurland 90
Lockard YW 14 | A DK Sam Aubrey A 35
Scurry 15 Jack Herron vw FT 66 r.* A. _ |x . € |
Hartung 16 ||) Frank Roger” s5 |. xx. Fe pt Ay
Thomas 17 é ge: Tom Boyd 88 ey R ye ae
Griffith 18 oa | | |
¢ Lynch) 4) s 19 WescheX, 21 B
Lewisp mM J 20 Peters 22
P
tb
ee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
   
  
 

 

 

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1434 WALNUT
VICTOR OS11

KANSAS CITY, MO.

 

 

 
 

April 1, 1942.

Mr. Reaves Peters,
342 So. Chelsea,
Kansas City, Moe

Dear Reaves:
“We hewe written to Oklehom A. & Me, Creighton,
and Iowa University about the dates of our games with
with th: thas eehealon

Ae
them and as goon as we get lined up
I will send you the schedule.

I agree with you that probably the only time we
ean use Abb Curtis will be in the Oklehoma and Oklahoma
Aggie games. I doubt if the other teams will want hin.

After checking with Jack Gardner's list I think we
could get somebody closer, tut that, see is up to
you. I haven't seen Jack Gardner's list.

‘In the list of officials which I sent you the other
dey I failed to momtion the name of Cecil Peterson, of
Topeka. I will appreciate it if you will add him to ny
liste

Very sincerely yours,

Director of Physical Education end Recreation,
PCAsAH Varsity Basketball end Baseball Coach.

 
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FOOTBALL COMMISSIONERS

President

ArtTHuR R. HUTCHENS
Southern and Southeastern

Conference

Epwin N. ATHERTON
Pacific Coast Conference

Asa S. BUSHNELL

Eastern Intercollegiate
Football Association

ArtuHur E. EILers
Missouri Valley Conference

Secretary-Treasurer
Reaves E. PETERS ~
Big Six Conference

 

James W. St. Ciair

Joun L. GRIFFITH Southwest Conference

Intercollegiate Conference
(Big Ten)

March 31, 1942

Dre Fe Ge Allen
University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas

Dear Doc:

won't you send me your corrected conference schedul@
just as soon as you hve it completed- if you had to make any
changes.

If you can g et your games with Hank scheduled
soon we will be able to get your officials before all the top-
ranking men are taken.

How many times can you afford to have Abb Curtis
come to Lawrence?. Of course the dates he can take with us will
depend a lot on what dates Jim St.Clair wishes to us e hin. Of
course Jim has first choice. I need this information at once.

Because of distance and lack of drawing ability
I doubt very much that I can use Abb Curtis except at Lawrence

- and Norman. nc

Hope you can get your non-conference games to me
“perore officials get loaded up with other game 8,

With all good woshes, I am

keno Very sincerely yours,
£
R. E. Peters
 

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS BASKETBALL SCHEDULE - 1942-45

(BIG SIX)
Tues., Jan. 5th *#Vissouri at Lawrence
Sat., Jan. 9th Oklahona at Norman
Wed., dan. 20th Kansas State at Manhattan
Sate, Feb. Sth *Iowa State at Lawrence
Sat., Feb. 15th entiaihin at Lincoln
 Won., Feb. 15th Towa State at Ames
., fues., Feb. 25rd *#Nebraska at Lawrence
Pri., Feb. 26th *0klehoma at Lawrence
.. fues., Mar. 2nd Missouri at Columbia

., Sate, Mer. 6th #Kansas State at Lewrence

 
 

March 350, 1942.

Mr. Reaves Peters,
542 So. Chelsea,
Kensas City, iio.

I gave you my list of officials, but I did not
give them to you in order of preference. I am
enclosing this list of officials, giving them to you
in order of preference.

Sincerely yours,

Director of Physical Education end Recreation,
‘PCAsAH Varsity Basketball and Baseball Coach.

 
 

Forrest C. Allen

University of Kansas.

OFFICIALS (In order of preference)

1. Ab Curtis, Fort Worth, Texas.

2. Me C. Oberhelman, Randolph, Kansas.
3. D. Jd. Hinkhouse, Beloit, Kansas.
ne we |

5. Ab Hinshaw, Minneapolis

6. B. G. Quigley. Bk, Nave

7. Pops Harrison, Towa City

8. Jno. Lance

9. Lee Grossman

10. C. Ce Van Reen, St. Louis

il. Eddie Uogue, Kansas City

12. Bud Browning, (Phillips) Wichita
13. Dick Pullian, Grand Island

14. Andy Schradski, Kansas City, Ks.

15. Morrie Fisher, Lincoln

 
 

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI
Columbia, Mo.

March 2, 1942.

Big Six Basketball Cceches.
Gentlemen: ,

The new school Galendar recently adopted by
the oe at this univeral
. site ty causes at least

th 1943 basketball schedule, It

ean he ee possible for me to arrange another
hate with the one school involved, but before starting
auch negotiations I believe it is best to canvases the
entire to discover if any others may be encountering
similar doultiess a tnis be the Gace I am in
faver of discarding the 1943 a oe oe
another one.

This survey is Menze's job I suppose bat 7
am sure he won't object te this gerry . However,

eleabe send astiatels you replie @ following’
 eethens to hin.

1. Has your school made, or 20 58 sentences any
mange tn Wie calenter stdin atteet your Wothe 4
schedule 7?

2, If several conference members find themselves
involved in calendar @ would it be possible for
ou to oe paced another be tball achedule meets in

SOAS 3 al Championships ease ' el

3. If not available for that date, in case a meeting
4s necessary, what date or dates would you suggest ?

Remember, answers right away to
Menge, whom I am i make guch announcements as
are necessary.

Yours truly,
<4
George o wardse
UNIVERSITY OF ©

   

BASKETBALL SCHEDULE

DEC. 17—Denver U. ......... LAWRENCE
DEC. 18—Bethel College ........ NEWTON
JAN 6—Okliahoma ......:-05 LAWRENCE
JAN. 14—Missouri ........... COLUMBIA
JAN.  17—Nebraska .........--. eee
JAN. 19—lowa State............--

JAN. 24—Kansas State ....... LAWRENCE
JAN. 29—lowa Univ. ......... IOWA CITY
JAN. 31—DePaul U...... ..- CHICAGO
FEB. 2—Wichita U...... WICHITA
FEB. 10—Creighton U. .. LAWRENCE
FEB. 14—Nebraska .......... LAWRENCE
FEB. 16—lowa State......... LAWRENCE
FEB. 20—Okla. A. & M....... LAWRENCE:
FEB. 25—Okla. A. & M...... STILLWATER
FEB. 27—Oklahoma ............ NORMAN
MCH. 3—Kansas State...... MANHATTAN
MCH. 6— Missouri .......... LAWRENCE

BIG SIX CHAMPIONS 1941
 

NOVEMBER
DECEMBER

SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER

 

 

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- Feb.

Auge 1

Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Septe
Sept.
Septe
Septe
Septe
Nov. 2
Dec. 1

10
ll
12
13
15
16
LF
17
6

Dece 20

J&Ne 5

Jane 22
Jane 29

Feb 8
Febe
Feb.
Apr.
Apre
May 27
May 30
June 4
June 7

THO & w

wo ¥,

see)
June

CALENDAR
University of Kansas
Academic Year, 1941-1942

All preparatory school credentials and college credentials
for advanced standing should be filed with the University
not later than this date.

Wednesday -= Psychological Examinations and Physical Examinations.
Thursday «= Physical Examinations.

Friday -= Registration :

Saturday -= Registration

Monday. -= Enrollment

Tuesday -= Enrollment

Wednesday <= Beginning of class work in all departments.
Wednesday «<= First convocation and annual address.
Wednesday -= Thanksgiving recess begins at noon (12:20)
Monday <= Class work resumed at 8:30 aome

Saturday -= Christmas recess begins at noon (12:20)

Monday -- Class work resumed at 8:30 aom.

Thursday -~ First semester examinations begin.

‘Thursday -- First semester examinations end.

Monday -- Registration of all new students. Enrollment of all
students beginse _

Tuesday =-- Enrollment ends.

Wednesday -- Class work begins in all departments.

Friday -~ Psychological examinations for all new students.
Wednesday <= Easter Recess begins at 5:30 peme

Tuesday -- Class work resumed at 8:30 acme

Wednesday <= Second semester examinations begin.

Saturday <- Memorial Day. Holiday

Thursday -- Second semester examinations end.

Sunday <= Baccalaureate Exercises

Monday -- Alumni Exercises

Monday -= Commencement Exercises (Evening)

\

 
The discriminatory no-tap above the basked defensive player rule.
should be known as the N.C.A.A. Basketball Rules Committee folly. ‘They are still
in the horse and buggy stage so far as demienehve ‘basketball rule making is con~
cerned. It is pure discrimination against the defensive player “when a player
touches a try for goal on its downward are above the level of the basket".

On the other hand, they permit a towering offensive player ts dunk
the ball into the basket or to tap the ball into the basket when the ball is on
the rim. In a court of law such obvious discrimination would not be countenanced.
You can't have your cake and eat it too. Some rule must be changed, but no rule
should be made that is discriminatory in character.

Why should altitudinous players be designated as mezzanine-peeping
goons simply because they can reach the basket? Permit Harry "Big Boy" Boykoff
of St. John's, and Milo Konenich of Wyoming, as well as Bob Kurland of Oklahoma
Aggies, and George Mikan of De Paul, and all other versatile stratosphere players
the full freedom of the floor and the air lanes without discriminating against
theme

There is nothing sacred about a ten-foot basket. Dr. Naismith
- mailed his peach basket on the running track at Springfield College and it happened
that the rumning track was ten feet high. The average modern basketball player's
stature has increased one inch for the past ten years. Yet coaches are complaining
about the tall player batting the ball away from the basket, ‘The most simple thing
would be to raise the basket higher then the tallest man can reach or jump. This
one simple act in making a twelve-foot basket only for college and independent
teams (not high school) would clear up 80% of the personal fouls from the players’
drive-in and lay-up and would definitely remove the objection to the hyper-tall

player.
yn

Research has shown that this will do two things. There will be no
excuse for the discriminatory rule they are now propdsing, and it will also show
that it will clear up 8-% of the fouls. It would clear up the congestion under
the basket because the better shot is attempted not directly under the basket
but 7 to 10 feet out from the basket,

Yet the Rules Body does nothing about it. Players would not be fouled
out, the referee would not award the extra free throw shot, and the area around the
basket would be cleared up by this simple innovation.

Too many coaches want rules that will operate against their rivals
and they become interested in rule when en opposing player is apt to defeat
them. Therefore, . would suggest thet this rule become operative say two or three
years from now so that it could not be ‘construed as a rule against the present
players in the game.

Kansas has done all right in their competition and we are not complaining
about the tall players, but other coaches are.
 

Due to superstition the number thirteen is usually considered
unlucky. It has its equivalent in the Hebrew letter Men and.is re-
garded by John Heydon in his “Holy Guide" as os s Te ae
a number of change and is not always unfortunate as is generally
supposed. The change denotes effort, exercise and subsequent labor.

In the Sepher Yetzirah, the Thirteenth Path is the Path of
Unity. It is the understanding of the Truth of our Spiritual knowledge.
Thus it was that sed Quaballistic minister said "He who understands the
number thirteen hath the keys and power and dominion."

It is usually supposed to be wmlucky for thirteen people to sit
down at a table to dine, because thirteen sat down at the Last Supper.

Fosbroke in the Encyclopedia of Antiquities says the sed Romans
considered it an evil omen for, thirteen to be in a room together.

On the other hand, there are those who will cite the thirteen
original colonies as proof that superstition is only a myth. Still,
we find among our finest athletes men who shy at the number thirteen.
They have great imegination. In order to develop initiative and dreate
a desire to win, the wise coach will cater to and respect, up to a certain
point, the athlete's superstitions.

Superstition may be likened to a sixth sense called premonitions
or hunches. Sometimes we read of a fellow striking it rich when he
acted on nothing more than a premonition. So in order to get the most out
of any athlete, it would be well to consider his background of super-
stitions and respect them in a way. Thus may one obtain the best of an
otherwise player who in case of failure to follow the instrustions
of his coach would put all blame on some superstition.

 
 

 

i eps % ie s 4 i pe :

 
 
ORIGINAL RULBS OF BASKETBALL, 1892

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.

2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, never
with the fist.

3. A player camot run with the balls; the player must throw it from the
spot where he catches it, allowance being made for a man who catches
the ball when running at a good speed.

4. The ball must be held in or between the hands 3 the arms or body must
not be used for holding it.

5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way
the person of an opponent is to be allowed. The first infringement
of this rule by any person shall count as a fouls the second shall
disqualify him until the next goal is made, or if there was evident
intent to injure the person, for the whole game; no substitute allowed.

6. A foul is striking the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3 and

4, and such as described in Rule 5.

7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count for a goal

for > opponents. (Consecutive means without the opponents making a
- foul.

8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds
into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do
not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rexts on the edge and the

- opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goale

9. When the ball goes out of bounds it shall be thrown into the field,
and played by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the
umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower is allowed
five seconds; if he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If
any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul
on them.

10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men, and shall note the fouls, and
notify the referee when three consecutive pout have been made. He shall
have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.

ll. The referee shall be judge of the ball, and shall decide when the ball
is in play, in bounds, and to which side it belongs, md shall keep time. —
He shall decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of the goals,

with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.

1@. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, five minutes between. :

15. The side making the most goals shall be the winner. In case of a draw,
the game may, by agreement of captains, be continued until another

goal is made.
 

Two sides are picked. Three boys of equal skill on each side. “Two
ove one from each team, are stationed on the end line midway between the
basket and the sideline. The same is done at the other end of the court.
Qn the division line, in the adie of the court, in igs oie the two
boys from each side, the two. other boys are placed, mace from the opposite
team. He is the opposing guard. |

A ball is given to each boy on one end line. He is crouched
_ like a sprinter. At a given signal both boys start down the court,
dribbling low and as fast as possible to the middle where they eneseribe
the opposing guard who assumes the proper guarding stance. = dribbler
stops, pivots, then hook-passes to his team mate at the other end of the
court. Upon rocbivine the pass, the team mate startsa dribble back to
the middle of the court, meets the guard again, stops, pivots, and hook-
passes to his team mate, who has, in the meantime, scampered back to
the end line.

After two or three minutes of continuous action the side that
has made the greater number of trips up and down the court is declared
the winner. The ices take turns in serving as the guards. Thus
the proper fundamentals are learned.

Fach member of the. squad should wind up his day's practice with

three or four minutes of rope skipping.

 
 
Ke

 

SENIORS

 

GRADE

let

Less then 0 average
G average

B average

12

B + .verage

lel

B + average

Ase sverpage

129

Below ¢ Average

As
_, Below © Aaveroge

C Average
Led

iY average
1.6

BO

a

1.3

laf

Bf¢ .werage
Bf Average

| Be average

ie2
G Average ené-overT

Less than © Average
1.6
1.6
CG average and over