Ze

Due to the ease with whieh negative defense points can be accumulated
the efficiencies for defense are lowe’ The composite cfficioncy, like last year's
efficiency, is based on the net positive points and nogative points that are
earned during the entire game. The composite efficioncy rating seems to parallel
the game score more closely than some of the other itemse

A close examination of the statisties of the game with Team D will lead
one to wonder just how the Kansas team won the game. The story is told in goals
made where the home team mde two nore than the opposition. The remaining statis-
tics are largely in favor of Team De

In the middle of the season there was some question about the number of
violationse It seemed that the number of violations was too low and it was the
opinion that our observers were missing a fow violations. Without discussing the
matter with the observers, a check was made during the game with Team F and both
sets of observers had nine violations on the Kansas team charged against the same
boyse We realize the data cannot be more accurate than our observers and this
check on the violations indicate that our boys were noticing the game rather closclye

fable IV shows the player analysis for twelve players. <A few more
players wore used in the home contests, but all had less than 20 minutes of playing
time to thoir credit and were not included in the present tables The number (sec
Table IV) preceding the dash in the various columns represents the individual 's
rank in relation to the other members of the squade

The scoring ability index os shown in column 2 is based upon goals and
free throws made and is computed as shown in the first study under definition of
termse If two boys each made 25 goals, the one with the highest percentage of made
shots will have the highest scoring ability indexe

By changing the order of some of the data it is possible to make some
player comparison between the two seasons’ play on the sane basise

 

 

 

1937-38 Season 1938839 Scason
Offensive Ball handie Offensive Ball handl+
Player efficiency .ing error efficiency ing error
A 909d 4.96% 957 164%
B 96 4 le? 97 09 oo
F 9202 209 97 ec lel
i 9461 fe 76 4 204%
L 9405 Cet 97 6 1e5

This rating shows that all the players, with the exception of Player I
who did not finish the season, did make improvements

The evaluation points per minute (see Table IV) earned during the play=
ing season show how active the individual was, while the composite efficiency shows
how well the individual performed his taskse |

The players of visiting teams were rated on the few items which are
shown in Table Ve The table is limited to players who played at least 15 ninutes
during the game, The table (V) divides itself naturally into #hree groups:

le Above 90% playing efficiency
26 Between 80% and 90% playing efficiency
3e Below 80% playing cfficiencye
Se

The group above 90% consisted of 13 players; the two highost in this
group were forwards. Three centers and cight guards composed the remaindér of the
list. The next group consisted of 22 players, four of whom were centers, seven
wero guards, and eleven were forwardse The group below 80% contained eleven
players, three centers, four forwards and four guards.

It should be pointed out that out of the high cight players from the
standpoint of playing efficiency, four of these players belong to School D, and
that the players ranked one and two in evaluation points carned per ninute also
were from the same toam. Also, it should be noted that two players of School D
were ranked among those that were listed with zero ball handling errorse

On the basis of the data presented in Table V it would be interesting
to sclect an alleopposition teams

Sumary and Conclusion

 

Resoarch of this type depends to a great extent upon the accuracy of
the observers. Realizing this, the observers were very carefully selected fron
student majors and other intcrested studentse The same observers were uscd in all
the games and there is every reason to believe that the results are very nearly
correcte

It is tho opinion of the writers that this study has merit because:

1. It points out mistakos made during a game, thus causing the players to
be more conscious of there

2e It stresses the importance of game fundanentalse
Se It provides an itemized history of the contcst.

4, It makes possible a more accurate means of conparinz individuals ond teanse

* OK KK *K
*x K *K
* OK OK
TABLE I

ITEMS USED IN BASKETBALL EVALUTAION 1939 STUDY

OFFENSIVE Weight in evaluation points

 

Ae Positive items

 

1. Field goals 10
Ze Free throws 5
Se Immediate assists “e
4, Secondary assists 3
5e Recovers ball off own backboard 2
6. Recovers teammate's jump ball 1
7. Recovers opponent's fumble 1
8. Good pass to a teammate 1
9. Catches teammate's pass 1

Bs Negative items

 

1. Error of omission

22 Held ball forced by opponent

3e Fumbles ball and it goes out of bounds

4. Fumbles ball and it is obtained by epponent
5, Taps ball out of bounds

6» Wild pass out of bounds

7. Wild pass to an opponent

8 Violation of rules

9. Offensive personal foul

OO PAnND DH H

DEFENSIVE

Ae Positive items

 

1. Blocking opponent*s shot

2e Recovery from opponent's backboard

Se Intercepting opponent's dribble

4, Intercepting opponent's pass

5e Forcing held ball with opponent

6. Batting ball from opponent's hands and recevering

7. Batting ball from opponent's hands and not
recovering

8. Cuts off opponent's pass, but not recovering

mw wp Pp

HH

Be Negative items

 

1. Fouling opponent with ball
2e Fouling opponent without ball

CO @
TWELVE-FOOT BASKET FOR COLLEGE AND INDEPENDENT TEAMS

Of late years there has been a protest on the part of the basketball public
against those "mezzanine peeping goons" of the cage sport who actually come to
the level of the basket rim when they reach for tipein shots, or actually dunk
the ball into the hoop instead of shooting it upward, as originally intended by
Dre James Naismith, the originator of the gamee No other sport puts such an oute
landish premium on height as baskotballe

The only reason that tho hoight of the basket today is 10 feet from the
gym floor is because the indoor running track at Springficld, Masse, College was
10 feet from the floor, and Dre Naismith attached his tmsket to this running
tracke

Twelve-foot baskets would be only for college players who have reached
their growth and maturity, and not for high school playcrs, It is just as casy
to accommodate the muscles of the cyes, wrists, hands and digits to distance in
height as it is to accommodate thom to distance on a horizontal planee

It is proposed that a ficld goal count 3 points and a frec throw from the
20@foot line (now 15 foet) comt one point, This would equalize the scoring
ratio. It has long been a contention of Dr. Naismith that a field goal should
count more than twice as much as a free throw. An argument might be advanced
that if the ficld goal is increased in value there would be a tendency to foul
an opponent to keep the field goal from being made, The answer to that is that
4 personal fouls will disqualify a player from the gamee And again, there will
not be the desire to work the ball in under the goal for laye-ups on 4 12<foot
basket because the most disadvantageous spot under the new scheme is directly
‘under the basket. It is much easicr to bank a shot 8 and 10 fect out from the
basket near the 12@foot goal than it is to work it under the goal. Research has
shown that nearly 90% of all the fouls are made in close proximity to the baskcte
This is on account of the desire of the playors to work the ball in close to tho
basket for a layeup shote

Many adherents to the elimination of the center jump rule contended that
the no jump rule at center would drive the exceptionally tall player from the
gamee This certainly has not been truc, nor should any rule be made that would
be discriminatory, The higher basket would require all players to shoot for
goals, whereby now only the "second story pecping Toms" can bat the ball away
before it reaches the cylinder of the basket, thereby preventing the goaole Never
in the history of the game have there been so many excoptionally tall men umder
very low baskets, canparatively speakinge Men 6110" tall are getting to be quite
commonplace. The presence of so many long fellows has reduced basketball to a
freakish demonstration and has put an almost wmbearable handicap on the finer
athletes of a normal 6-foot height. Certainly no discrimination is asked against
an exceptionally tall player. Rather wmifornmity is asked so that discrimination
against the little fellow will be removede

Practically all the rules that now exist against the single or double post
play, against touching the ball while it is on the rim or above the cylinder of
the basket, the 3=second rule, the leyard defensive rule, the player being
awarded two free throws when fouled under or near the basiet -= all of these
rules will be unneeessary after a higher basket is put into effocte
alm

The higher goal will increase spectator enjoyment, and will decrease in-
juries under the goal from accidents by players when driving in hard for lay-inse

We have scen tall players in many team line-ups who were born without any

special gift in basketball, but who were on the team sololy on the accident of
-~ ~-extreme height. Some jumior high school coach discovered this altitudinous

Brobdingnagian, skyescraping stepper oozing ethereally down the hall and straight}
way the coach made for him with a vair of shorts, the stimulus being mainly his
altitude and not his ability. Only a severe cardiac insufficiency will pernit
that basketball monstrosity to escape the coach's tentaclese Therefore, it is
beyond reasonable doubt but what we can expect players of this 6'10" altitude to
become so numorous that they will be the rule rather than the oxceptione

An elevenefoot basket would not be out of reach of the exceptionally tall
playerse A twelve-foot basket would forever guarantee non-interference of the
basket rim by playerse In addition to this, the twelvce-foot basket would contri-~
bute markedly in clearing up the congestion under the goal by increasing the arc
of disbursement of the rebound of the ball much further out on the court and
away from the baskets. 11 modern gymnasia and auditoria have high ceiling clear-
ances, but in schools that do not have high cciling clearances ground rules could
be pormitted which would allow the use of the lower baskets until conditions could
be corrected.

In 1934 Kansas State and Kansas played a home=and-hone series using the
elevated 12=foot basket. Neither team had practiced previously with the 12-foot
goal, but the players seemed to have little difficulty in making goals and the
spectators enjoyed the game very muche The players’ only complaint was tha t they
couldn't drivo in and make their lay-up shotse On the other hand, they roactod
quite favorably toward the elevated basket.

At tho coaching school tho following sumer conducted by Allen of Kansas
ond E, Je Hickox of Springfield, Professor Hickox elevated the basket to 12 fect
ond the boys in the coaching school, without ony practice whatsoever, played a
match gamee We asked Profossor Hickox to write his impressions of that game.

It scemed to be his opinion and that of the group who watched the game that the
players had little difficulty in finding the range of tho baskcte

It scoms to be a fair conclusion that certainly no one should criticize
the clevated basket until he has at least tried it out. There are so many
benefits and so few drawbacks that this experiment should be indulged in by more
coaches than those who have tried it. It also seems roasonable that it might
be fair to a11 concerned that if the 12—foot basket is found to be practical to
advance the time of its possible adoption over a two year period so that none
of the tall players now in college would be injured, but those oncoming playcrs
would have notice of ite This perhaps would remove an objection from coaches
who might have tall men noWe

The following are a number of reasons set forth in favor of the twelvoe
foot basket:

le Arc of disbursement is greater, thus freeing congestion under baskote

2 Guards are foreed further away from baskets to get rebound.

36 Forwards are forced further out from baskets to obtain rebound,

4, Will encourage more shooting account greater valuo of ficld goals.

5, Will definitely reduce foul shots because of no drive-in necossitye

6. Shots are easier made 8 or 10 feet out from basket instead of directly
undere
oS ce

7.Will eliminate the player's effort to draw two shots by being fouled.
8. The four foul disqualifying rule will still discourage too much fouling.
9. Will require all players to shoot upward for basket as originally in-
tended by Dr; Naismith,
10. Present congestion of tall men uider basket works a hardship on short
men and makes the game roughe
li. Less handicap to a short man in shooting extra distance than by junp-
ing extra distance.
12. Will discourage using a tall man who is not as active as a shorter mane
13. No other sport puts such an outlandish premium on height as does
basketball . :
14. A player accommodates muscles of oyes and hands to height tho same as
to distances
15¢ The only roason the height of the present basket is 10 fect is because
of the gymnasium running track at Springfield College.
164 A 12=8foot basket is a blow to the zone defense account spreading
defonsece
17- A convex board with 12-foot basket is another impediment to the zone
defense.
18, The specdicr players could recover the ball before it goes out of
bounds in the 4-foot zone, thereby reducing the number of out of
bounds plays in a gameée

19- Is a decided aid to officials - awarding 2 shots on foulse

20. Will do away with single and double post plays.

21. Will do away with 3~second rule in the lane.

220 Will do away with rule regarding interference of ball on or above rime

23» Will increase spectator enjoyment by high arch shots that hit.

24, Will increaso visibility for spectators by raising basket 2 fect.

25~¢ Will decrease number of accidents uder goals, driving in, not so
much hipping, nudginge

26.6 Will actually give more rebound playing space per player,

27 Fourefoot zone behind basket another fa ctor against zone defense.

28 Will make unnecessary al1 legislation around basket, such as leyard
rule, ctce

2946 Twelve=foot basket is coming, as sure as death and taxecse

506 in eleven=foot basket would still be within reach of 69" or 6110"
players.

Sle Twelveefoot basket would forever guarantco noneintorforence.e

52~¢ In Olympic participation 12=foot basket would equalize height of two
teams (desire of Olympic Committce); limited class 6t2" of under,
unlimited class, any height,
TABLE II

AVERAGES OF THE KANSAS TEAM
1938-39 Study

 

1938 Nine Game 1939 Eight 17 Game
__Averages Game Aves Averages
Score 427 4005 415
Goals attempted 61¢5 7208 6668
Goals mide 1665 156 16 el
Free throws attempted 16 16.1 1661
Free throws made 9456 9 9e5
Personal fouls 102 1201 iiet
Offensive personal fouls 078 288 282
Violations Sel 328 Set
Rebounds from own backboard 213 15 1865
Rebounds from epponent's backboard 22.63 _— 27 94 24.47
Total passes and catches | 706 63 7286 7168
Wild passes 707 305d 566
Held balls obtained by opponent se 363 Bel
Fumbles Bel 209 See
Recovers jump ball 10.8 Tod 9el
Offensive positive evale points 1103 1055 1080 04
Offensive negative evale points 7302 48 04 61¢5
Defensive positive eval. points - 144 o
Defensive negative evale points “ o7 -
Net eval. points per player per
minute of play 5el4 bed 5 ee
Immediate assists 13 130% 1392
Secondary assists La £160 liel
TABLE III

     

 

| TEAM SUMMARY
& a BOG r a e 4 *
oo CC FFIC,

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v = sv 4}; : * Y 9 SN
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3 3 . T§ wd pp wiry HP ty vi by *w

» fo ic; e% << QC “we
= : eo hk MA CS es >! x ~ 0
: y G s 7 rok Poo Me a ~ v Y
¢ 236 6: Pawee me e-@ Gs
: ; —— : : Se ie — :
« @& 0 & ea >. ee Seo “Sse SN 2 <
4 3 fo £ So - 2 eee ee sk a et
L oO RO i Bee wees. Gg gow Y
Kansas of  ©O i4gs 0 -Geg0. 16 Gan © aa) Ge See 97.0 36e,5 Geo
A 20 6.1553 8 4751 14 - G7) 20 Boh 27 8 .90c8. 525° .92.9 754
Kansas 39 16°23.8 7 50 te 7S © O66 47 B . 96c4 6604 8962 1121
B 83. 11°..1600 11° 7a6. 26 Ge 6 18 «88 96.8 46.9 87.2 757
Kansan 33°10 164 35 72 WU O88 © lek 8 -Y SA Bist Bec1 = (846
C 29°10 1665 9 62e@ 36 . G8 46 GG SE 1 Sask 26.55 83.5 689
Kansas 37°15 1669.7 GSe8 34 4 24 UgSB 36 © 8559 Bhsl 86.44 1048
D s2°°1S 20 6 42.9 % 806.36 166 89 6 Gh Gi.7 8642 935
Kansas 34 “15 2207 .4 SGyt 9  V54 IS 198 ST © O%e8 G42 92.5 1061
E 27 30 20s4 7 US -32 608. 8 258 88 6 Ghek 8042 86.2 828
Kensas 49 22 2963 5 2768 ll 784 16 2el 57 9 9365 6766 88.7 1141
F 46 19 2044 68 Se 36 2.9 316 OU lf os C722
Kensas 46 16 210334 6366 14 788 4 Os5 48 4 94:6 65.6 89,9 1153
G $7 16 2406 7 4568 27 GOB DA gh 18 2 SGgh SE,F 84,6 767
Kansas 59 26 2407 18 Glee 1 1 © Eel 98 1 Ofek 566 91.2. 11269
H 45 18 24 9 Gok 14 200 16 48 G4 €- 8822 34,1" 79.1 561

Ka nsas ,
TotalsS22 125 2165 72 5668 106 5669 77 Leo Sao SO. S5e5~ 5966’ 89.2 8053

Oppe
Totals269 102 2167 G65 6546 112 4572 99 2se2 245 28 9569 4865 8448 56932
TABLE IVe

PLAYER ANALYSIS , :
(1938-39) Play ~ EFFi CrEegres/cs
0

 

Q

3 \ —- a. ~ PR

= > Uw eS ee , ‘ bo

Ss Ny Uv » 2 ‘m = - *

» & » z- 1 . <. = vy Vy we 38

@ 6 i Sm. 9 \ v = . *<
—. 3 a v) YY t z
o~ *K YL Les } 3 7, y Ly Q a
~ @ ; sey S: @ 8. B28 Mw & a
~. 0 = os 0 . 8 By, i ly 9 i> y
+ ,@' PS US tee a oe Oo! tS.
Ke 1-276 22857 S-bf G.8 8 Bal. 6-95.42 2-80.86 2-02.95 3-5 ~
Bg 28227 46503 5=27 3e4 8 26005 348858 3-78,4 35-9204 5a506
C 6 8226.5 72331 4631 369 8 14003 5H9748 Buhle GH90—4 2605
D £ 4187.5 141383 1673 O61 8 TaleS 999594 4675 599006  6e505
BE f£ 58150 38759 3647 768 6  Qele9 849403 10-5702 998504 Judnd
F f£ 6814005 6-386 6826 363 8  4elel 369768 8454.1 4490.9 73-409
Gg TalO5 8268 9915 205 6 U]en2e9 79406 5a67e3 8H88.5 734409
H Gpf 8=91.5 58426 7=20 269 7  3e0e9 149900 1482.4 1496.4 44549
I ff 966765 9=207 8917 463 4 Qm204 10-9068 11-292 10-74.6 10-361
J & 10-4845 10681 1086 = 165 0&0 10e2 66 «11-8966 12426.2 11-74.1 11-266
K £ Uese5 17 Tee 04 5 12992 12H7904 E749 1247546 1202

L © 1262165 11-25 12=2 0 4 GCaleS 5607.5 7655.6 7+89.% 1-701

Position - guard, forward, center
* Indicates player rank in squad.
**This includes the players who had a playing time of more than ¢Ominutes on the

home courte
TABLE V

Playing Efficicney of Opponents

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cormposite Ball Hondling Hisutes Eval. Points
Playor Position School Efficiency __* Brror * Played * por Minute
A f D 100 5 = 0.0 44 we 1665 30 ws Sab
A f E 100 5 « 06,0 29 «= 27 3 6a SG
A g B 94.04 12 « 67 21eb= 33 5 « 63
A c G 9462 22 « led 16 » 35.5 53m 48
B ) D 94 5965 = 443 46 «15 Ss. Ua S
C = D 9307 5 «= 0.0 45 «# 1555 2 ~ 7el
A g F 93 94 16. # 1,0 6 » 40 18 Ow 4
D £ D 93el 1065 ws 065 6 = 40 2 - 609
A gs A 92e1 48 « 5e4 38 = 2165 1,0 lw 4
B E B 9162 1365 = 068 6 - 40 18 wo 4
B g F 90.9 1365 = 068 6 «= 40 S$ «6
B g G 90.9 1065 « O65 20 =tCiCsG:—sCi wm 400 5 « 597
* c B 90.1 5 .« Of 6 «= 40 1505 = 4el
B g A 89.8 540 ® oat 3S « 20 ee
A Cc H 8992 41e5 ~ 5,0 30e5= 26 3995 @ 265
Cc f E 89 5 « Of 40 = 1965 34. w 209
E f D 8869 2705 = 2h 1965-3555 2605 = 3e6
C f G 88.8 S605 @ 3e5 6 = 40 21 w 3a
D g E 8843 2905 =~ 2.43 36 « 23,5 6e5 = 565
C £ B 88 i600 ow 140 1395 38 14 # 42
A f C 87 96 26 «ow 188 21eb= 33 4 ow 2
C : F 87 93 ip «= ist 6 «= 40 2305 = 308
B f CG 86 4% 26 4« 240 6 = 40 18 =4
a. c B S5e7 35 aad 50% 6 = 40 o4 - 209.
F c D 85 el 45 «« 69 $2 «= 26 1665 » 4e1
C Cc Cc 8467 44, - 6e2 27 ge clad 4 « 5e9
E f E 8309 5 = 0,0 19 9533 05 2305 = 368
B g H 83 06 38 wit 12 = 39 2%, ow 349
E g B 83 el 5 = 000 26 «- 28 34 «= 269
G ¢ D 8361 4165 = 520 36 = 2345 4505 = 169
C f A 816 3905 = 403 15 = 3665 45 - 262
D gS C 8165 24 4 ial G = 40 S40 wm 259
¢ ¢ H 8009 S68 ow 462 7 w« SS S «# Bel
F & E 8028 2965 - 2e0 36 = 2540 665 on 5 eb
E g ¢ 80.5 5 = 020 25 = 2865 28 «=m 3565
C © H 7948 4 0hUCU«ae tell CU ae oe eee
F g B 7943 220i ww 145 41 «19 26 ww 347
D c F 7992 32. ow 2g 23 = 32605 38 « 206
D f G 78e9 2705 = 2el 27 o5=27 05 455 = 1.49
E f H TT? 3395 = 320 1395 =38 41 264
D ¢ ia 7746 22 - Le 18 a 5405 5945 oe Zed
E f F 7795 5 = 000 2 lw Sh 34. 269
H gB D 76 18 «=w# lel 34 « 2465 29 = See
E c i Thee 3605 = 395 30e5= 26 13 403
E g G 7366 20° sw Let 43 «17 2605 = 306
F g G 7092 3305 @ 3.0 42 = 18¢5 Sy) ow 27

Positions = forward, guard, centocr.
*Indicates rank of player.