August 19, 1943. Dear Georges Pardon my delay in angwering your good letter of the 15th ins tant. I em very happy to comply with your request and I trust that you wilt be able to get the position you desire. : I certainly was surprised to lean that you were discharged et Ome shil siia Wheeiahh Uk sedhidnling Ws On ees & ke degree ond play football this fall, and at the same time earn mors than enough money te keep you going? And when you finish I am sure we will be able te use you. Of course, if you want to stmy in the California school system this is a great opportunity. I understand that Henry Shenk has written you and doubtless he will be able to present things to you in a more favorable light than I could, but you can count om having a job here if you want it. I don't want you to feel that you owe me anything for help~ ing youe That is our job, of course, and I don't want you to feel. that you have to send me any basketball players. Of course we are always happy to get fellows a en ee ae ee Cee ee obligated in the least. Thanks for your compliment on the coaching technique. Hew- ever, I am not nearly as optimistic about thet ag you are. Please a aiegnee- cc gop Ml ae godt aemen an deteees oasis wid time you wish to do so. _ With all good wishes, I am Sincerely yours, Director of Physical Biucation, FCA:AH Varsity Basketball Coach. August 19, 1943. Toe Whom It May Concern: I an very hip to commend to you Mr. George HN. Dick, formerly of the University of Kansas. George played varsity football here at the University two years, and was an outstanding end. He also pleyed on my versity basketball toam, and until the time of a knee injury was one of the valued members of my squad. George Dick is clean, capable and courageous. He is court- sous and he has a fine faculty of making friends among his fellows. I found that he at all times developed a fine morale among the men with whom he game in contact. I would recommend him to you as a very safe and valuable young man to deal with young people. He sets ee ee ee MeN e Sai 10d wis tar weatelad. artes conditioning for all men at the University became operative we engaged George Dick as _ one of our instructors in physical conditioning classes. He also did substitute teaching for the Lawrence public sehool system and | did 6 splendid job in the junior high school and the high school. We have found George Dick alert, responsive and loyal in all of his work. We were highly pleased with the type of service he gave, and he oarried an individual responsibility that was pleasing. I am happy to recommend him without reservation or evasion. : Very sincerely yours, Director of Physical Biueati on, FCA:AH Varsity Basketball Coach. Y [Ay Ed anstnctee 2 oe A J tons th, Mt Like hy Ed, Vocmn Jee Lx Pen of HrwertinnZs, Shee Ctfce GB tack, ee ) SOO a. rota, May 7, 1943. Lieutenant Jono Duarte, Rua Home de Melo, 972%, Pordizes, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Deax Lieutenant Duarte: I owe you a very great apology for not answering your lo tter of Desexiber 14th sooner. Somehow it was misplaced in ny ee ee Oe On cen nenD me Oy OOS 3 Side Ani: INCU alt ce healed venhewtent, hen Vdd niet Sammie in your edition of "Better Basketball”. I em sending a carbon sopy of this letter to the MoGraw-Hill Publishing Company, $30 Neat 42nd Street, ‘New York City, the publishers, asking that they communicate with you and make the necessary adjustuant. I would suggest that you also write then calling attention to the error in this publication. I an sure 12 be very happy to reotify the error. seit ovine diiaty Ueamaidtnis Whi eridahdcs tn: en wien States in organising national basketball teams, I bog to state that the all-American teams are never assembled to play games. [t in more of a newspaper selection of these all-Awerlcan teams. However, if you mean the Olympic temas, that is another mtter. For the gamos in Berlin the colleges had teams and the 4mateur Athletic Union hed teams. The teans are independent teams and have no connection with colleges. AAU - The United States was divided into eight districts and a series of elimination tournaments were set up in the eight districts. ‘The four western districts played ani the four eastern districts played anong themselves. Then the finals were between the eastern and western district winners. For the Olympic gemes they tock the players from both the first and second teams, end a coach was appointed to handle these boys in Berlin. Answering your query regerding the basket ball rules for women - most of the women's basketball teams are now playing under the men's rules. However, I believe if you would write and ask the A. S. Barnes Company, publishers of these guides, the same question you are asking me they would be in better position to tell you than I would. We do not have any connection with the women's basketball here at the University of Kansas. Practically none of the schools or colleges have wmen's competitive basketball in the State. of Kensas. Iowa and some of the other states, I believe, do have high school basketball, tut they do not play in colleges a @-2= in en intercollegiate way. The A. 5S. Barnes Company are practically the only publishers printing women's basketball guides at the present time Again apologizing for my delay, and wishing you the best of success, I am Paithfully yours, Director of Physical Education, PCA:AH Yarsity Basketball Coach. MoGraw-Hill Book Company, 330 West 42nd Street, New York City, N.Y. Dear Sirs: I am sending you a copy of a letter that I received long since from Brazil. You will note that the writer states there are some blank pages in his copy of “Better Basketball”. I do not know from whom this book was pur- chased but I am sure thet you would like to make inquiry ou a from Lieutenant Duarte. I will appreciate it if y will because I am sure that he will consider this favor. Sincerely yours, Direetor of Physical Bducation, Varsity Basketball Coach. rae Tenente Joao Duarte Rua Homem de Melo,973 Perdizes, Sao Paulo, Brasil. 14th. December 1942. Dear Mr. Allen, : It is with the greatest of pleasure that I write this letter to congratulate you sincerely on your book "Better Basketball" (1937 Edition) which I have read with the greatest of attention. For those who are dedicated to basketball. your book is a most helpful guide and a real success for teaching the technique of the game,a technique perfected to a very high de- gree. I must say that I greatly admire the succint manner in which you describe all the phases of the game. Unfortunately in reading the book I found that pa- ges numbers 398, 399,402,403,406,407,410 and 411 are blank and I would approach you with a view to ask you kindly to arrange for the subject matter of those pages to be sent to me in order that my book be complete. At the same time I ask your kind advice as to the present procedure in the United States in organising your Natio- nal Basketball Team. That is to say,are players called from teams all over the country and then do they all train together at one centre? Further,I would very much like to:know if the Offi- cial 1942-1944 Rules as published in the "Official Sports Library for Women Basketball Guide " ( A.S.Barnes and Co. = Publishers ) are followed by all women!s teams in the U.S.A. or if some clubs or regions follows the rules applied to men's clubs. Perhaps there exists some publication on such mat- ters and if such is the case I would appreciate it if you would indicate the name of the publishers to enable me to send for it. Thanking you in anticipation for an early reply, urs faithfully, Lieutenant’of the Brazilian Army /and Secretary of the aulo Basketball Federation (Federacdo Paulista de Basketball). : t wee sa | ih oR. § 2) Hitt Ae 4 Hie HI 7 Hi it ies i pe Hn i fi ht Hi fy if iF 1 fi 1 ty if HL as it belongs of ou % to i. i ij G2. 5 “ith ell good wishes, I en Streerely yours, Direetor of Physienl Ed: aation, Varsity Basketball Conch. FCA: AK The City of Oklahoma City Oklahoma City, Okla. March 5, 1943. Dre Forrest C. Allen, | | Director of Physical Education, University of Kansas, _Lewrence, Kansas. Dear Phogs This is te answer your letter concerning our conversation on the way back from Norman in the winter of 1940 with reference to Allie Paine and Ug Roberts. As * ee the facts in connection with that incident are substantially as Some time during the early part of the year 1939 or latter part of 1988, while i was Police Chief here, I was riding one night on a tour inspection with one Cante Wallace Carel, who was then in command of the scout car division of the Police Department. As wo were cruising over the City a radio eall came out reporting an attempted high jacking of a drug store delivery boy and giving the tag mumber of the oar in which the assailants were ridings | Capt. Carel and I went to Police Headquarters and cheeked ont his tag number and found the address where it belonged. We went to this address, which as I recall was somewhere on West 2d or Srd Street, and learned that the car had been taken by a boy who was either a member of the family or lived at the same place as the owner of the car, but that the car been taken without premissione At his address we found a boy who admitted being in the vicinity of the supposed attempted high jacking with three er four other boys, but he denied any attempted high jacking, He gave us the names of the other boys who had been with him and stated that he bad just left then at their respectivé homes a short time before. | us One of the names which he gave us was that of Allie Paine with an addréss as I reeall somewhere in the 100 block on Hast Sth Street. i did not know the Paine boy personally, but beoause of his being an outstanding athlete I did know who he wase I do not reeall the name of Ug Roberts being in that picture, but it is possible he may have been one of the other boys involved. However, I do not recall his name in connection with this incident. Page #2 »- Dre Forrest Ge Allen - 3/6/45 Capt. Carel and I took this boy from the address on West 2nd Street and went to the address of the Paine boy and went ine We found the Paine boy and another boy in bede As 4 recall these boys admitted riding around in the car, but denied any attempted | high jackings We then took these boys to the address of another boy who was in n the car and who lived in about the 600 bloek on Werth Robinsons We got all four of the boys together in the sar and talked to them for quite a while and there was some question in our minds a the supposed high jackings tye iy sage A not harmed and was returned to its owner and there was some close or fagily ete ee ee ee een ee ee eee Gi tee lek S vendeher that we then tock the ders back to their respective homes and kept their names and addresses. Later follow up investigations were made by officers of the aa Bureau and the result of these investigationsne high jacking charges wore * It eocure to me that some where in the picture there was @ suggestion thet there was some altercation between the boys in the ear and the drug store delivery boy, but there was no high jacking intended and it was the outgrowth of some past differences between the boyse Inasmuch as no charges were filed and uo arrests were mde, there would be no record of this in the Police Departaent. It is my opinion new and was then that the whels thing was mevely a bayish prank And I believe that no useful purpose could be served by making this thing publics Trusting that this information will be held confidential, I remain Very truly yours, Granville Seanland, Ass*t Municipal Counselors GS 3B Hit LY fy “f J agg § ss g ii : i al uae | tel Heal at fet Glaey) aft ' Beas HHH 3 Lil fed I t i al Ui tb Me % : its At iit 18 ar a iti io rte Nt i al iid iE a : il sh lit Hi iil w it A it Big We INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETICS THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA NORMAN - OKLAHOMA March 10, 1943 Dr. Forrest C. Allen University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas Dear Dr. Allen:+ I'm enclosing a copy that I thought you would be interested in. This will be broadcast by short wave to the armed forces abroad. I was permitted only 2 minutes for this, but think I got all that I could in it. Congratulations on your fine ball club. Was sorry that you had to play the Creighton game with your club shot, Next year I guess we will be looking for a boy that will be available for a month or two to say nothing of a year. Don't you think we had better arrange a meeting at K. C. when the boys are playing the N. C. A. A. so that we might talk over a schedule under our breath? Roberts check in his togs last week, and the squad in general are looking much better. He diden't say a word to me but took out for Shawnee where his wife and baby were. Sincerely, Sheer, cee Be a: SS sie in y i Te AS, Ses eae EO A aieas hs Sa a ) Touching the ground in front of the take-off board or line constitutes a foul. 5 (c) Two good jumps aro permitted, | Scoring: Record the better of the two jumps in feet and inches to the nearest inch. The measurement of the jump is made from the nearest imprint made on the ground by any part of the body to the front edge of the take-off board, (3) BURPHE + 20 Seconds Bauipment needed: At least one stop watch or wateh with second hand. .A smooth surface, te es Description: Start from the position of attention, The test comprises four distinct movements. They are as follows: (1) On the signal, "Go," squat and place the hands on : the ground within 12 inches of the feet. (2) Bxtend the lees backward until the body is straight. (3) Return to squat position, (4) Assume standing position of attention, chest extended, shoulfers and-head erect. Repeat the entire movement as often as possible for 20 seconds. Riles: Following are violations; 1/4 point deducted for gach infraction. (a) Falling forward on the Hands and not assuming the squatting position, (bd) Failure to extend the legs to the rear and keep the legs and bady SEreient,) 8s (c) Failure to return to an- erect position - of attention. Scoring? The complete movement (squatting, backward ° extension of legs, return to squatting position, and the standing position of attention) counts one. The total score is the number of complete movements made in.20 seconds. If the individual is ‘in any one of the following positions when. tine is galled, the score is as follows: J Squat from attention - “1/4 Soints Legs extended - 1/2 point. anny from legs extended - 3/4 pointe ( 4) PUSEUP Raut phent: ddteds. A met, surface. my Description: Assume the position of front leaning rest, Keep the body straight and rigid. Place arms at shoulder distance apart. Lower the body ard touch the chest on the ground or ‘floor, Recover by pushing the body up to the front leaning “pest position, Repeat the movement far as many tines.as Enles an "tS Do not touch the ground with any other part. of the body but the chest during the dip. (>) Do not bend at the waist or Imees, Keep the body in a - gtraight line from head to toes, (a) No rest is permitted between push-ups. (a) Do not allow the stomach, thigh or lees to Load the floor. . (e). Straighten the arms 4n the upward movement. | Scoring: One push-up is scored each time the chest is lowered: to the floor-and.the. pei Ls oT ‘up to the starting position, .. : (5) SItUP Equipment needed: A smooth surface. Description: Lie on the ground with hands clasped fintine the head. Rules! The feet are held securely by an, assisting. partnor, Keep ‘the knees straight, when, lying on. the back, Sit up, trunks in an erect position. Touch the Left knee. with the right elbow, Return to the original sta arting position. On the next. sit-up, touch the right kmce with the left elbow, Repeat this exercise as many times as possible. ‘(a) No rest is pernitted between each sit-up. (bo) It is not permissible to roll over on the side or assist the movement with the arm or elbow. (c)- One sit-up is deducted.if a full. second of rest , is taken while lying on the back. ,More than one ; ~ , ae rast disqualifies the: participants (d)The sit-up is not counted if there is a violation of rules. Scoring: One point is scored ‘for each papperly. completed * sit-ups. . (6) 3O0-YARD DASH Hquipment Rouaide A smooth track, B starting fleas and at least one stop watch. — Description : At least four participants run. at one times The flag is used as a start, “A whistle ig blown. to warn the timers of the start of the race, Rules? (a) A warmup period should be hold vefore ‘the stort oy of the’ run. “() Have men line vp in rows ce four to be. ready to. "“. take their’ turn at the start. . Ce). The timers start their watches when the flee is. waved at the start.’ ia As the men cross the ‘finish line, the’ tirors shout to the recorder the time for each mone (e) Runners will start from a standing position without — ee the aid of starting blocks or holes. Scoring: Record the time to the nearest tenth of a second, Use | trained judges for scoring. Bach runner should be scored by a judge. The timer counts out the time loudly as each ; man crosses the finish, Line. , INFORMATION CONCERNING Tt ADNET STRATTON oF ae peek. Aa. Careful preparation, planning, and organization is pe | to assure the smooth Penh ine pee o TBs. beet and. to. secure. accurate results. Pp Sn eee Se Ak Lovet diwunns will. be given at least teves nperede of» practice in each event during the physical training time vefore ey are given the beet for official record. Sp Small or dane groups of men may be toed at a’ engi depending upon the personnel available to conduct the test and the time available. Participants may be tested at the rate of 100 nen per. 50 minutes, with a staff of fifteen men. The total time for each participant should not exceed 25 minutes. (1) A steff of officers and enlisted personnel in sack squadron will be trained to administer the test. Hach , squadron commander will test his personnel at such time and in such numbers as desired. 4 a This test will be conducted during periods regularly set aside for physical training activities. - e&, Hach participant will move through the test wathiont any appreciable loss of time, (Not more than five minutes or less than two minutes should elepse between the time a perticipant finishes one test and beets the next test.) f, The test will not be administered sooner than one hour after meals nor end later than fifteen minutes before PLS g Fatighe clothes (or regulation uniform) and field shoes must be worn by all enlisted personnel, Street shoes or tennis shoes and a gym outfit may be worn by officers, h, Staff members necessary’ to conduct the test, where large groups are concerned, are as follows: One checker for each horizontal bar: two checkers for each standing broad jump pit; two checkers for the sit-up; two checkers for the push-up; one starter, one timer and at least four judges for the G00-yard dash. Before acting as checkers, these staff members will be cerefully instructed in the proper procedure of checking the performances of participants. They will be trained to do their job carefully and accurately. | i, Zach checker should be equipped with an indelible pencil, a clipboard and a set of rules. for the event he is checking, It is recommended that a blackboard be set up at the start of the test course, and the various standards of performance and the record for each test item be placed on this board as a motiveting influence. jd» Tine will be provided for practice and warmup vefore the tests begin. k, Information about the participant, his name, age, height, ete., should be completed on the Record Form at least a day before the test . is given, 1. Permanent records of all official tests will be maintained on the "Fourth Air Force Physical AhICTEDRERY Test, Record Form,” enclosure number 1. Be STANDARDS OF PERFCRMANCES Be All Fourth Air Force Personnel below the age of 40 should maintain a condition of strength and endurance sufficient to achieve the average standards listed below, b All Fourth Air Force personnel above the age of 40 should maintain physical condition adequate to achieve the minimum standards for personnel over <0 yeers of ege, listed below, ot sh) BoA RBs (with G.I. shoes) AROVE ) MINIMUM eo 238 3 AVERAGH AVERAGE SUPERIOR _|(over 40 Yrs.) Pull-up 9 13 18 6 Standing Broad Jump Tne Be b+ 6 Burpee ~ £0 seconds a 13 8 Sit-up : 50 ao | Push-up 25 : 40 20 |300-Yard Dash 4a? 4 41 52 with nis shoes or street! Pull-up | 18 Standing Broad Jump | Gai 8-10 Burpee - 20 seconds | 13 Sit-up | Push-1p 3 40 Z00-Yard Dash i) ag 39 ‘ i er DISTRIBUTION: "CO" FOURTH AIR FORC: PHYSICAL ACHTLVITENT LEST Standards of Performance s os Ae: RS Gea Gor shosg ewe se enee - os ey re gaint ee ee ee Test and | 3ove Average “Superior ‘indium (nea over 40) ea — ee ee Pulle-up o lStandins Broad Jimp | 7B | a | Burpee = 20 seconds ~ oc ae 13 “25 7 So ae a - 4 i ee Ae iar i eee ay th a oot el eer nteseanenreteceegera Sa SS L.. 7 " 300- Yard Bash : = i EERE APY EPL ioe ot naman nae eee ST A N DAR (with Tennis Shoes or Street Shoes) 9 eer. ae 13 See ape nett amen apes 4 ie ie + ?ull-up . (Standing sroad Junp | Burpee - 20 Seconds “I 3 eo sO 1 + Sit-up D + | ush-up , 300-Yard Dash B FOURTH AIR FORCE PHYSICAL ACRIZVEMENT TES? te lL. YrSe a Age Height ue rs Date = - Record Forn ee 3s ame (Last name first, print) Group Squadron rt, Inches. Ge Company = "Weight es con Dat RAMARKS Mnclosue No, 2 HEADQUARTERS FOURTH AIR FORCE ( X:wkn ) Office of the Special Service Officer San. Francisce, California August 25, 1942 _ PHYSICAL TRAINING) BULLETIN _ ) ‘NUMBER 6) “SWIMMING IN THE OPEN SEA 1. -Hundreds ef casualties have already been suffered by Air Force per- sonell in this war through lack of swimming ability and through lack of know- ledge concerning safety methods under adverse gwimming conditions. | 2, All personnel of all units, particularly those about to go overseas and those combat units now operating over water, shoultl be instructed in the material contained in this. Bulletin, | 3, Where swimming facilities exist on or near the base, unit commanders should insure that all non-swimmers be given elemerttary swimming instruction. All personnel should have actual practice and instruction, or least verbal in- struction, in open sea swimming methods and precautions, : 4, The following material was extracted from a Memorandum issued by the United States Naval Training Station, Great Lake, Illinois, and was written by Roger C. Larson, Sp l/c, after a comprehensive study of the subject? ‘THE DANGEROUS SEA ANIMALS In tropical waters there are sharks, barracuda and physalia ('Port- Ugese Man-of-War' ) that are a danger to a man forcad to take to the open sea. to save his life. : . Of the many types of sharks only on? is recognized as voracious (a man- eater)... That is the tiger or leopard shark, His method. of attack depends upon his degree of hinger and the amount of visible blood, if any. If a ship is torpedoed, tho commotion of the explosion will attract shark in the vicinity and thus increase the danger. A man's first aim woon being forced to abandon ship or being thrown dnto the water shouldbe to get at least 50 yards away from the ship to make certain he will not be drawn down by suction as the ship makes its final plunge, After this he must determine: (1) how long he is going to have to remain afloat; (2) what sea animals are around; (3) how close his shipmates are; and (4) what is floating nearby that can be used to hang on to, ae " SHARKS Because the action of the shark and barracuda are alike, this menace can be taken up first. Swim quietly and slowly to avoid being spotted by these fe ae (Physical Training Bulletin No. @, 8-25-42 Cont'd.) animals. Do not splash or speed swim, but swim .for endurance, keeping low in the water and keeping kick and arm stroke below the water surface. For this a side stroke or breast stroke is the best method of swimming because the swimmer can relax and conserve strength. Upon being spotted by a shark or barracuda, a swimmer's chances of ward ing off attack depend upon his ability to make a lot of splash and commotion. For this resson swimmers should stay together in a body. Sharks and barracuda _ snip at arms and legs, so a wild thrashing motion can bast elude their attack. In this respect, there is strength in numbers. The idea of attacking the sea animal with a knife is not advisable because lack of experience and swimming skill can bring certain death to such a fool- hardy person. 3 "PORTUGHSE MAN OF WAR The Physalia, commonly known to sailors as the "Portugese Man-of-War" is a third sea.animal with which a sailor may have to deal. This animal floats on top of the water.and has tentacles reaching out about eight feet and filled with formic acid. When these tentacles come in contact with a swimmer the acid is injected into the system and in a short time it affects the lymph glands and causes rheumatic pains. This sensation causes a man to lose his head and become panic stricken, «- inevitably fatal. It is not the acid itself that brings about death, rather, the pains: and uncontrollable panic. Upon being struck by the Physalia, a swimmer must remain calm and swim as slowly as possible until the effect of the formic acid wears off or first aid can be given, First aid consists of a bath in spirits of ammonia, slightly di- luted. "OIL AND FIRE Swimming in combustible matter requires certain strokes and precautions that can be understood better if the chemical aspects of the problem are con- sidered, Swimming in oil or crude oil is a different matter from the other pro- blem of swimming in a highly combustible matter like benzene, gasoline, and other light liquids which vaporize readily, are easily ignited and on which flames spread rapidly. Fuel oil will, of course, burn if heated sufficiently to give off conbus- tible gases, however, Navy Bunker "C", which requires heating to a fairly high degree before it may be ignited, is less likely to fire than Navy Bunker "A", which is fluid without heating. oe There is truth in the story that the oil breaks out into patches. When a ship is attacked, it is usually under way. The oil is likelv to stream out in the wake of the ship, and break up into, patches and then ignite. Therefore, in an oil fire you may find clear water patches, Oil set afloat will normally float on the side of the ship which has been danaged, spreading side and aft. Therefore, the oil may stay on ono side of tho ship. : ; (Pirys¥cal nein Bulletin No. ®, 8-25-42 Gont'd, ) When a light chitustivié ‘aioeda ‘ds thrown out on the eros of the water, it spreads out to a thiclmess of one molecular layer. . The rate at which this takes place depends upon the manner or force with which the liquid is dis- charged, the viscosity, the speed of the wind, and the peculiar properties of the matter itself, as: wert. as the course and “pee of the: the Benuens cs dpe ba eae dives at w@ter carnivals. In a minute, a pail . of it floats out over a radius of thirty feet, and it will burn brightly for four to seven minutes. The distance the fire spreads will depend -upon the wind, to a great extent. The wind will, of course, cause the liquid tao spread out thin and burn fast, and the more it thins out the less time it “a take to burn up.in one spot and the less heat it will throw, . . The best. method of escape from this danger is as but it takes courage which our men have proved they, possess, The longer a person can remain aboard ~ ship, the less time he will have to remain in the water and in the fire, RKREP CLOTHES Qi Tt is Beat taloeekat to ‘penetn completely clothed when it is necessary to go into fire-covered water, All clothes are needed except, of course, heavy coats, shoes or sweaters and heavy trousers. But light shirts, duck trousers, hats and socks and light-weight shoes should be kept on. The duck trousers and shirt have a certain amount of buoyancy as they collect and hold air next to the body and the hat and socks will furnish protection against burns. , "MAKE WATER WINGS Making water wings is very important, Duck trousers and shirts can be used to float on. This is done in the following manner: remove the, trousers and tie up the legs near the cuffs and button all buttons; in a circular motion, swing the trousers through the air away from the body and hold the top of the trousers open. They will then fill up with air and can be used as water wings, if twisted into a "V" to Araw the top together. When the air escapes, they can be re~filled, In this way a person can keep afloat for hours with little effort, When thrown into the water a man has little choice as to the metho of entry, but ‘when there is a choice possible on where to leave the:.vessel, he should dive from the winiward side (into the wind) and swim under water against the wind as far as possible, Upon coming up to the surface he must throw his arms high in a whirling motion to push away the fire above and get air to duck again and go on under wator out of the danger spot. ee Upon getting out of the middle of flaming area he can go on with a short breast stroke and swimming slowly, first bringing up fresh water in front to push the flame shead and away with a forwari and upward notidh, and then advan- cing through the water on a short draw back and kick, ‘This modified breast stroke enables aman to push flames away from his face and the fumes away from his nose and mouth. . Demonstrations of this are given by aquatic fire-eaters and fire divers in college and professional shows. -~ 3+ 1! (Physical Training Bulletin No. 6, 8-25-42 Cont'd.) Here, too, there is strength in numbers. A group of swimmers following one another in single file are less ant to be burned and’ it is much better for two men to swim in front side by side, in order to beat back the flames. Also, in any case, it is easier for rescue boats to spot six or oight swimmers in the water than one alone. Swimming tn oil that is not afire is comparatively simple. O11, like its refined products (gasoline, kerosene, etc.) spreads out to a thin layer of only one molecule thickness. Because oil has a specific gravity of less than one, it floats on the surface. . Consequently, the story of a victim being weizhed down and ‘ar- wned by ofl is false. The spread of the oil is slow in the case of thick crude oil, and faster for the thinner oil products. The difficulty a swimmer encounters in oil is choking. Often the oil can get into the mouth and nose and constrict the bronchials. And, too, oil is tiring to swim in because of its lack of weight and resistance. Wates (which is fairly heavy) resists enough to allow propulsion throush | it by strokes used in swimming, but oil tends to merely sliie and leave the ‘swimmer in the same spot. Since the wind spreads sut the oil rapidly WM is most important to swim into the wind - against it. Here again, group action, will help prevent panic, make sure that those who need help get it, and keep up courage. Ani azain, the breast stroke is the best be- cause the swimmer can keep his head, mouth, nose and eyes up out of the oil and keap track of kis shipmates, and is in a position to save hinself. Oil that has been set afire pninee amore difficult problem because of the fact that swimming in it and splashing and pushing the fire away, while not im- possible,’ is much harder than in the case of the light, vanorous liquids, but the stroke to be used is the same. This problem of burning oil does not occur often, but is possible when a ship is shelled with incentliary shells, or when the oil is set afire by high tempatures, However, it does not ignite as rogdily as the refined products. In conclusion, the eee important instructions bearing repeating for swim- ming in water covered with burning oil, gasoline, henzene, or other liquid are? l.° Keep on all Light othe. 2, Dive into the water from the windward. side of the ship. 3, Use breast stroke with short arm pull. 4, Swin as far under water as possible before coming to the surface 5, Before conins to the surface, start thrashing arms in-a an MOm tion, to break the surface and clear space for frash air free of vapor. 6. After zaining breath, start a second lap under water or start swine ming with head un, using breast stroke, on. the surface. 7, Look around for shipmates to stay with and find wreckaze to use AS a. support or float; any piece of lumber or. erating will buoy a person and conserve strencth that may meen the difference between being saved and lost. Keep cool and stick together Sim Bae ily with the Lica in min uo swim six or eight hours without tiring, , _ DISTRIBUTION: é i. 2 Ys | Sbcys vo &.7.0,, Sack E. B. DeGROOT, ce Ale AAB, ag 7 Captain, Air Corps 10: eys to. FP. 7.0,, Bach Director ef Physical Training Obsn, Airdrome & Gun- ~- 46 * nery & Bombing “ange.