CROQUET

RULES AND
REGULATIONS

How to Play Croquet

Mes? people think Croquet is a modern game,
yet, although in some respects it is new, it is
little more than an old one revived. It used to be
played by the ancient Gauls so universally that the
greater portion of the promenades adjoining large
towns consisted each of a long alley, the maiJ---the
name of the game being “jeu de mail.” The latter
French received it from their ancestors, the Gauls,
and it was introduced into England undur Charles II
at the time of the Restoration, after his sojourn in
France. The long avenue in front of Buckingham
Palace, called the “Mall” or “Mail,” derived its name
from this game, which was played there. The resi-
dents of Boston, a century ago, gave the same name
to the side avenues of their famous Common. Very
few of the present residents are aware that Beacon
Street and Park Street Malls derive their title from
the game of Croquet. —

One prime feature of Croquet is that it is an out-
door sport in which ladies and gentlemen, boys and
girls, may alike engage. Hitherto, while men and
boys have had their healthful means of recreation in
the open air, the women and girls have been re-
stricted to the less exhilarating sports of indoor life:
or if they ventured out, all the participation in
healthful outdoor amusement and exercise they

oe
 
could indulge in was the tame and unsatisfactory
position of mere lookers-on.

It is not to be wondered at, then, this being the
state of things, that Croquet, upon its introduction
to American society, should meet with so warm a
welcome. It came as an outdoor sport for ladies,
misses, and even little children—for the rich and for
the poor, the strong and the weak—easily learned
and always intensely interesting and attractive
to all.

We shall endeavor, in this “New Manual,” to
make all its points clear to every understanding,
so that persons of every age, from the youngest to
the oldest, may easily become proficient in a mode
of amusement which can not fail to be to them an
inexhaustible source of health and happiness.

Implements Required

What is called a “Full Set” consists of eight
balls, eight mallets, nine arches and two stakes; a
“Half Set” consists of four balls, four mallets, nine
arches and two stakes.

Ground

The game of Croquet is played on a lawn or 2
piece of smooth turf, and possesses an important
advantage over most other outdoor games, inasmuch
as any piece of grass land of ordinary size will serve
its purpose; in fact, it may be played almost any-
where without detracting from the real enjoyment
of the game.

When accuracy is required, the dimensions
adopted by the National Association are as follows:
Length 72 feet, width 36 feet, corner pieces 8 feet
long, inside measurements, with a line denoting
boundary of the field 30 inches from the inside of
the border. The surface should be well-rolled dirt,

3
slightly sanded to hold the balls. The game may be
played on turf, dirt, or “made” ground.

When the ground will admit of it the stakes .

should be placed 72 feet apart; the first arch seven
feet in front of the starting stake; the second, seven
feet from the first; the third fourteen feet to the
right of, and one foot in advance of the second; the
fourth on a line with the first and second, and
twenty-two feet in advance of the second; the re-
maining five at the same relative distances; thus
there will be five arches in line between the stakes,
and four wing arches.

General Directions for Playing

The game can be played by eight persons, four
on each side. Six or four, however, make a better
game, and if there are only two players, each can
use two balls and have a capital game. Hight players
may be divided into two sets, both playing on ths
same ground. At the commencement the players
divide into sides, which, if not even, may be made
so by one of the players taking two balls. Each
player takes a mallet and ball of the same color.

The game commences by the leader of one side
placing his ball about a mallet’s length in front of
the starting stake, and endeavoring, by striking it
with the head of his mallet, to drive it through the
first arch. If he succeeds, he then tries to drive it
through the next arch, and so on. As soon as he
misses going through an arch his turn is over. If,
however, at his first turn he does not send his ball
through the first arch, he gives his place to the next

player. The leader of the other side then plays; and .

the others in the order of colors on the starting-
stake.

The aim of each player is to drive the balls from
the starting-stake through the seven arches to the

4
turning-stake, which must be struck. This is called
“negging” or “staking.” The balls are then to be |
driven back to the starting-stake; the course to be
turn and back to be in the direction indicated by the
arrows on our diagrams.

The player who reaches the turning-stake first
has great advantage; for, as soon as he commences
his return journey, and meeting the other players,
he is able to croquet them, considerably impeding
their progress.

The side whose balls are first driven round, and
hit the starting-stake, wins the game.

At the beginning of the game, and before mak-
ing each stroke, look well around and see the exact
position of affairs; then, having made up your mind
what to do, make your stroke deliberately and care-
fully. Watch the game attentively throughout,
watch each player’s style, both friend and foe. You
will thus learn capabilities. of others, and learn
points which may be subsequently of great service

Do not play a selfish game—that is, do not be in
too great a hurry to make your own arches. You
may often do more service to your side by going
back or lying by to help a friend, than by running
your own ball through half a dozen arches. Re-
ae you can not win the game by your own ball
alone.

Do not hesitate, either, when you can do real
injury to your opponents, to abandon your own
game in order to go down and break up theirs.

When two or more balls are in friendly prox-
imity, rush down and break up their union at al)
hazards, for such a gathering always denotes mis-
chief ahead.

Never try a difficult stroke, however brilliant,
when circumstances do not imperatively demand it.

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It is the safe game that wins.

Take every opportunity of practicing the vari-
ous strokes, particularly the more simple ones.

Especially study and perfect yourself in long
shots; make everything within twenty years a dead
certainty on level ground. This may seem a long
stroke, but is perfectly attainable with good mallet
and balls on a good ground.

When a player strikes his own ball so as to hit
another, however lightly, at a distance, he is said to
roquet it. Having thus hit a ball, he can “take the
croquet” before proceeding further in the game, or
not, at his option.

As soon as the ball has gone through the first
arch the player may, with it croquet any ball that
has also passed through the same arch. It is done
as follows: When a ball has hit another at a dis-
tance —that is, “roqueted it’”— the player lays his
own ball against the other so that it touches it. At
this point two different methods of playing come in.
One is called “Tight Croquet,” and the other “Loose
Croquet.” In the former the player places his foot
on his own ball, and strikes his ball with the mallet.
The effect of this will be to drive the other ball
in any direction the player may choose, which of
course, will be governed by whether the ball thus
croqueted belongs to a player on his own side or not.
If the player adopts the “Loose Croquet,” he does
not place his foot on the ball, but merely placing the
two balls in contact he drives them both together by
striking his ball. The results of this is that they fly
off at different angles.

A friend can, by croqueting, send a partner
through the arch he wishes to pass, or else drive an
enemy, who has obtained a good position, exactly
in the opposite direction to that in which he wishes
to travel. Great care must be taken with regard

6 :
to the way in which the ball is driven. Many
thoughtless players think nothing of driving a foe
close to a friend, or in the hope of assisting their
side, send a friend in the immediate neighborhood of
a foe, thus improving the position of the adverse
side and damaging that of their own.

When a player has gone the rounds and reached
the starting-stake, he may either “peg” and retire,
or not strike it and be a “rover,” with the privilege
of traveling over ground to assist players on his own
side or damage the prospects of those on the other.

In regard to the rules of the game, each family
is a law unto itself, but to give a few general in-
structions is the aim of this book to supply.

Rules and Regulations

1. All games may be opened by scoring from
an imaginary line through the middle wicket, and
playing two balls each (not partner balls) towards
the home stake. The player whose ball rests nearest
the stake shall have choice of play, using that bail.

2. The payers on each side are to play alter-
nately according to the colors on the starting-stake;
and the order in which they play shall remain un-
changed during the game.

3. On commencing, each player may place his
ball at a distance from the starting-stake not ex-
ceeding the length of the mallet-handle.

4. The first stroke must be to pass the ball
through the first arch.

5. The ball must be struck with one of the faces
of the mallet head, never with its side.

6. The ball must be fairly struck and never
pushed. A ball is considered to be fairly struck
when the sound of the stroke is heard. A ball is
pushed when the face of the mallet is allowed to

7
rest against it, and the ball is propelled without
the mallet being drawn back. ‘

7, If a ball be struck otherwise than with the
face of the mallet, if it be pushed, or if in striking
at his own ball a player hits another, it is a foul
stroke, and the player loses his turn; and any balls
disturbed shall be replaced or suffered to remain, at
the option of the opposite side.

8. A player may play in any attitude, and use
his mallet with. his hands in any way he pleases,
provided he strikes the ball with the face of the
mallet.

9. If, in making a stroke, a ball is driven be-
vond the limits of the Croquet-ground, it may be
taken up and placed at the point where it crossed
the boundary line.

10. When the ball is by accident driven from
its resting place, it is to be returned to the spot
from which it was started.

11. It is allowable for a player to rest the head
of his hallet on the ground at a distance from the
ball, and strike it by sharply advancing the mallet
from its resting place.

12. Instead of aiming at his arch, or at another
ball, a player may strike his ball towards any part
of the ground he pleases.

18. The balls are to pass through the course in
the regular order of the arches. If a ball passes
through an arch other than the arch next in its turn,
or from the wrong side, the passing through is of
~ no account.

14. If a ball is struck through its right arch by
a blow from another ball, or is roqueted or cro-
queted through, it is considered to have gone
through its arch.

15. Any player missing the first arch takes his

8
ball up, and when his turn comes, plays from the
starting-place, as at first.

16. A ball has fairly passed through an arch
when it passes within and beyond it to any extent,
or when, if the handle of the mallet is laid across
the two sides of the arch whence the ball came, the
ball does not touch the handle.

17. Hitting the turning-stake is equivalent in
its privileges to the passing of an arch

18. When the ball of a player hits the starting
stake, after he has been through all the arches,
whether by his own play or by being roqueted or
croqueted, he is out of the game, and it proceeds
withcut him.

19. A ball is a rover when it has gone through
all the arches, and has not hit the starting-stake.

20. A rover has liberty to croquet consecutively
all.the balls during any one of his turns, but can
not croquet the same ball twice in a single turn.

21. If a person play out of his turn, and the
error be discovered before his turn is completed, the
ball must be replaced where it stood before, as well
as any balls it may have removed. If, however, the
turn is completed, the player loses his next turn
altogether. The error, however, must be discovered
before the commencement of the next turn, or else
no penalty is attached.

22. A ball is roqueted when it is struck by an-
other, whether the ball striking it proceeds from a
stroke of a mallet or is rebounded from an arch,
atake, or ball which it has previously struck.

23. When a player roquets two or more balls
by one stroke of the mallet, he is said to richochet
and may croquet one or all, at his option.

24. As soon as a player has gone through the
9
first arch, he is at liberty to croquet any ball which
has also gone through the arch.

25. A player can not croquet a ball which he
has not roqueted.

26. A booby can not croquet another ball, nor
be croqueted.

27. A player is forced to move the croqueted
ball at least six inches, and can not croquet the
same ball a second time until he has passed through
an arch.

28. If a player ricochet, and wishes to croquet,
he must do so in the order in which they were
roqueted, but the striker has only one additional
stroke when he has croqueted the lot.

29. If a player hit another ball that is a rover,
and by the blow drives it against the winning stake,
he is allowed another turn but can not croquet the
ball, as it is dead the moment it touches the stake.

30. If in “tight” croqueting, the ball slip from
the foot and go through an arch, or strike the stake,
the stroke does not count.

Se If, in an attempt to croquet a ball, the
player’s ball flinches, the ball on which the croquet
was to be executed is free, and can be struck in its
turn by its owner.

32. In the act of croqueting, when the player
makes a splitting or following stroke, the foot may
be held lightly on his own ball, but it is not obliga-
tory to put the foot on at all.

33. A player, after striking a ball, is not neces-
sarily compelled to croquet it, but is allowed to play
in any direction he pleases. He must, however, play
from the place where his ball is, and not, since he
abnegates the privilege of it, as after a croquet
from a position touching the ball he has struck.

10
34. If a player croquet a ball illegally, he loses
his next turn.

35. If a ball, when croqueted through its arch
in a wrong direction, rolls back through the arch, it
has not to pass through the same arch in the same
direction again.

36. Should the course of a ball be interrupted
by any person, the player can allow it to remain at
the point where interrupted, or it can be moved to
where he supposes it would have reached.

37. If a player play with a wrong ball, he has -
to replace this ball and lose his turn. This is not
enforced unless the error is discovered before the
arrival of the playef’s second turn.

38. If a ball be moved by a player when it
should not have been touched, it must be restored to
its former position, even if the stroke has sent it
against a stake or through an arch.

39. When all the players on one side have passed
chrough the arches and struck both stakes, the side
that first accomplishes this wins the game.

40. No player or other person shall be permitted
to interfere with the results of a game by any word
or act calculated to embarrass the player, nor shall
any one, except a partner, speak to a player while
in the act of shooting.

41. The order of colors shall be the same as on
the stakes.

42. The ball must be struck with the face of
the mallet, the stroke being delivered whenever
touching the ball it moves it. Should a stake or wire
intervene, the stroke is not allowed unless the ball
is struck at the same time, and if the ball is moved
without being struck by face of the mallet, it shall
remain where it rests, and should a point or roquet
be made, it shall not be allowed except by a decision ©

11
of the umpire as to the fairness of the shot. All
balls thus moved by a false shot may be replaced or
not, at the option of the opponent.

48. A player, in each turn to play, is at liberty
to roquet any ball on the ground once only before
making a point.

44, A player makes a point in the game when
his ball makes an arch or hits a stake in proper
play.

45. If a player makes a point, and afterwards,
at the same stroke, roquets a ball, he must take the
point and use the ball. If the roqueted ball is be-
yond the arch, and the playing ball rests through
the arch, it is held to be first made.

46. If a ball roquets another and afterwards, at
the same stroke, makes a point, it must take the ball
and reject the point.

47. A player continues to play as long as he
makes a point in the game, or roquets another ball
to which he is in play. A ball making two or more,
points the same stroke has only the same privilege
as if it made but one.

48. Should a player, on commencing his play,
find his ball in contact with another, he may hit his
own as he likes, and then have subsequent privileges
the same as though the balls were separated an inch
or more.

49. A rover has the right of roquet and conse-
quent croquet on every ball once during each turn
of play, and is subject to roquet and croquet by any
ball in play.

50." Rovers must be continued in the game until
partners become rovers and go out successively, and’

a rover that has been driven against the stake can
not be removed to make way for next rover,

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Technical Terms Defined
Arch. The curved iron rod set in the ground;
the bridge.

Attacking. Playing at an enemy’s ball for the
purpose of putting it out of position.

Booby. A ball that has failed in attempt to pass
through the first arch.

Concussion. The displacement of a ball by an-
other placed against it by roquet, croquet, ricochet,
roquet-croquet, and not struck directly by the mallet
or ball that may be in play. 7

Croquet. To strike one’s own ball when in con-
tact with a roqueted ball. (See “Tight Croquet” and
“Loose Croquet.’’)

Dead Ball. A rover which, having struck the
starting-stake, is for that reason out of the game;
any ball that cannot play.

Dismiss. To dismiss a ball is to croquet it to a
distance.

Double Point. Running two arches with one
stroke of the mallet.

Flinch. When a ball with which a player is about
to take the croquet slips from beneath his foot.

Following Stroke. When a player strikes his own
ball so that it follows the ball he is croqueting.

Foot. The starting-stake.

Front. The side of an arch from which a player
must proceed in passing through it.

Head. The turning-stake.
Home. The starting-stake.
Home Strike. The last strike of the play.

18
In Position. A ball when it rests opposite its
arch so that by one stroke of the mallet it may be
driven through it.

Leading Ball. The first ball from home.

Loose Croquet. Croqueting a ball (after having
placed the two balls in contact) by striking your
own ball without placing your foot on it, causing
both balls to fly off at different angles.

Made Its Arch. A term applied to a ball when
it has passed through an arch.

Making a Point. Running an arch; tolling the
turning-stake, or roqueting a ball—each in its
proper place or turn.

Making Position. Roqueting or ricocheting a ball
already in position.

Out of Position. A ball whose locality is such
that the player can not drive it through the proper
arch by a single stroke of the mallet.

Over-running an Arch. Driving a ball outside and
beyond the arch intended to be passed through.

Pegging. The same as staking.

Pushed. A ball, when the face of the mallet is
allowed to rest against it, and it is propelled with-
out the mallet being drawn back.

Ricochet. The act of roqueting two or more balls
by one stroke of the mallet.

~Roquet. To roquet a ball is-to cause your ball,
by a stroke of the mallet, to come in contact with
it, either directly or indirectly.

Roquet-Croquet. Taking a ball «hat has roqueted
another, and, placing it near the roqueted ball; then,
without placing the foot on the ball, striking it with

* the mallet, driving both balls to any point or points

14
- that may serve the player.

Roqueted. A ball is roqueted when it is struck
by another hall.

Rover. One who has been through all the arches,
and struck the turning-stake, but, instead of strik-
ing the starting-stake and going out, prefers to con-
tinue in the play.

Running an Arch. Driving a ball through an
arch, either by a single blow of the mallet, by
roquet, croquet, ricochet, concussion or roquet-
croquet.

Side Stroke. Holding the mallet in one or both
hands, and hitting the ball with it at the side or
cross the body.

Splitting Stroke. Striking the ball so that it
takes a different direction from that of a croqueted
ball.

Spoiling an Enemy. Striking an opponent’s ball
out of position.

Staking. Striking the stake with a ball; pegging.

Starting-Stake. The stake at which each player
commences his toureof play; the foot of the arena.

Straight Stroke. Striking by holding the mallet
perpendicularly in front of the body.

Striking Home or Striking Out. Striking a ball
against the starting-stake after its having run all
the bridges and tolled the turning-stake.

Take a Stroke Off. Placing a ball to touch the
roqueted ball very lightly, so as to leave it, when
croqueted in nearly the same position.

Take the Croquet. Placing your own ball against
the roqueted ball so that it touches it; then striking
it and thus driving one or both balls in any direc-

15
tion you wish.

Tight Croquet. Croqueting a ball by placing your
foot on your own ball and, py striking with your
mallet, driving the other way, and taking another
‘with your own.

Tolling the Stake. Striking your ball against
the turning-stake after having run the central ana
left flank arches upward.

Tour of Play. The turn given each player, and
continuing so long as points are gained.

Turning-Stake. The stake directly opposite the
starting-stake.

Winning Stake. The starting-stake is so called
because when it is struck by a ee ball the
game is won.

Wired. Having your ball in such a position that
an arch prevents the stroke you wish to make.

H. Rademaker & Son, Ine.
Grand Rapids, Mich.

16
eH eal
Equipment + Court as shewn in diagrame Cue the maximum length of cue and
fingers shail not on six feet three inchese Fin-
ger spread three and one-fourth inches. Eight wooden
discs, four of which shall be one color and four of
another color. These dises to measure one inch in
Spkcurives by six inches in diameter, the weight to.

be not more then twelve ounces each,

 

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nzles both players play from the same end of
and change erds after all discs are

 

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os 4h dothies the tyro nartmenrs play at opposite
ends of the court, one team using one color discs
and the other ancther colore
SiS Soe The first play of a game must be started from the
right side of the court, followed by the other,
each alternating. Subsequent games to be started
{ vy the twianێcr.
4. Plavers place thcir discs in their respective half
of 10 off area ard must play their four dises from
this space. (Violations of this rule penalty 5 off.)
5. Players must not step on or over first line of court.
(Violations of this rule 5 off.)
6. if a player scores a disc, onponent may drive it out
or into the 10 - off space.
7. # dise obstructed by any solid object other than
S! another disc is "dead" and must be removed from
oe oe court before another play is made.

 

 

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Scoring - All cises touching lines are not counted; all
other discs within the diagram areas are counted.
The l10-off svace means deducting ten from score.
All points must be scored.
Dises that stop in arca between farthest "dead line"
and starting area are "dead" and must be removed
from the court befcre another play is made.
Note: A disc touching "dead line" is not consid-
ered dead. All cther discs except those going out
of bounds and obstructed dises must remain where
they stop until play is made and score is counted.
4. Fifty voints shall consitute a game except when
ctherwise agreed upon in tournaments.
oe if both siccs have fifty or more points the side
having the greatest number of points shall be
WLINNCY »

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.. I, ARCHERY

1. Describe the necess&ry outdoor archery equipment, giving material and
size of target, the number of concentric rings on the target and the method of
scoring hits on each concentric ringe

2. What length of arrows are used for men, women and children?

3 What is the strength of the bows for men, women and children?

4. From what material are ground quivers made ?

5. Describe shape, etc.

- 6. How many arrows are shot by each ini vidual to constitute a rowmd?

7. What distances are used in outdoor archery?

. 8..Desorive scoring method when arrow passes thru or rebounds from scoring
area, and in so doing barely touches adjoining circle.

9. What constitutes a shot for the archer?

II. AERIAL DARTS:

‘le Describe the game of aerial darts, giving size of court, the number on
each team and the equipment used for playe
 2e Whabis the height of the net and what rules of another net game are
followed in scoring and genéy~l play?

III.. VOLLEY BALL

le Describe the gome .of volley ball, using care in sneovttiine the size and
weight of the mlly the size of the court for men and younger boys, the height of
the net-which is advisable for eachg olso mention the length of tho note
= 2. What is meant by rotation?
3 Describe fully the sorving requirement as for mon and women.
4, Amplify on the rules on returning the balls
Be Describe the term "relaying the ball", score gaince

_JV,-SHUFFLEBOARD

1. Where is shuffleboard bost played, on what surface?

2s What is the distance of the two tiiangles from apex to apex?

3 Describe the size and number of discs; also the colorse

4. How would you make a cue? Give dimensions,

5 What length is illogal length fot cue?

64 How many players are thore on a team?

74 State rules to be followed and fitom what ond of the cotirt do team
situations differ?

8. What is the scoring objective and what alternation is followed in shooting?

9, After a game is won, docs the loser or the winner start the next game?

10. In doubles play, how are the cight discs played?

ll. State arrangements of discs in the l0-off space and state point penalty
for violation or failure to comply with disc requirement or for stepping over YPirst
line of the courte

12. State rule regarding knocking discs from scoring area or into the 10«off
Arehe

13. State rule regarding dise resting on division lince

14. What are dead discs?

15. How many points constituto a game?

16. How is game determined in case of a tic?
Zo
V. TABLE TENNIS - PING PONG

le Give dimension of regulation table, also color of paint used on its
playing surface, as well as thc color and width of line on the outside edges and
down the center.
2 What height above dao floor should the table rest?
3. What variations as to Longth and breadth are permitted for home tables?
4. What is the thickness of the table, and if you made one from what mater~
ial would you make it, and where obtained?
5. Describe the net, color, and give height from the top of the tables
6, What material is used in the construction of ping pong balls?
7e Give dimensions of blade or racquet and state what materials of cover
construction are used,
8. What method is used to determine choice of service or court?
9, What routine is established after each game as applied to sorver and
receiver, and changing ends of table?
10. Regarding service, except when the score is 20-al1, when does the server
become the receiver, ond vise versa?
lle When the score is 20=al1, what then?
12. Give necessary rulos as they apply to the servor when he or she is sere
Vinge
13« What rules are enforced when server misses the ball entirely?
14. What is a good return?
15. May you strike the ball twice consecutively?
16, Give seven situations wherein a player loses a point by creating faults.
17% What is "let ball"?
18. May a player strike the ball after his opponent has served and then
claim that he was not roady?
19. What is a fault?
20. What constitutes game and match? Exception?

VI. HORSESHOE PITCHING

le Describe the court dimensions with ‘pitcher's box and materiols used as
to clay and lumbor.
2. Describe size, height above groud, and inclination of stakes toward
opposite stake. :
3e What is regulation distance betweon stakes? Distance for women and boys?
4, Givo woight, length and width of horseshoes; also regulations concern-
ing toe ond heel calks; openings between calkss
5e What is game point in regulation game?
6. Match contest, how many games?
7. Which player is permitted first pitch, and also state procedure which
player has choice after the first game has been won. |
8e Who has the lead during the game? i
9 State pitching rules rogarding order of stbentne, prohibition of conteste
ant examining position of opponent's shoes before pitching, ctce
10. Where is the foul line of pitcher? State penalty.
ll. State whet is meant by foul shoce
12. Describe a ringer.
13. Outline methods of scoring, Highest possible score?

VII. DECK TENNIS
le Give dimensions of court with singles and doubles markings; also foul

lines »
2 What is height of net?
Deck Tennis = cont,

Se What equipment is uscd end what sine are the quoits?

4 How many quoits ars used, and hor many olrvers on each side?

5e What is the objest of cho sane?

be Explain legitirate servtnz.

7» What is let anc dead «rca?

8. Amplify on reouirennt- ov playors handling, cateling and throwing quoits

under varying situations.

9e Explain tho scoring,
10. How many games for maxh?

11: . Do players chauge courts alcer cack game:

12, What provisions obtain in the third gemc when one player scores 8 potaket

VIII. CROQUET

le What is the necessary size of court? — B

ée Outline and diagrarn an acceptable court, giving optional height of
wickets.e

36 How many wickets are required in the center of the court?’

4q Elaborate on requirements, size and construction of balls dnd malletse
What colors?

5e Describe the progress of a player from his own home stake to the lower
stake and back home, incorpora%ing in your treatise how many mate are permitted
and when ball is struck properly with the mallote
) BADMINTON

ON

Tvis seme resembics tennis, is »laved with a feathered cork
called a shuttle-cock instead of a tennis ball. The racket, too,
is of special size and weight, A wooden vaddle was originally
used in India in place of a racket. In Beltimore recreation
centers, ordinary tennis reckets are used,

tne Game

DOUBLES {played by two on a team}-@hoice of courts and service
decided by a toss, as in tennis.

Unlike tennis, the B:dminton doubles game is played in a
series of innings. Ecch innings consists cf two services on one
side of the net. A service means the time during which one
player whe serves the shuttlecock continues to win her aces of
points. When e player fails to win her ace she is out and her
partner then becomes the server, with this exception, that the side
beginning the game has but one service in its first innings. The
server stands within the right half-court and serves by an under~
hand stroke (hitting the shuttle lower than the waist) into the
opposite right half-court. The receiver must stand within her half-
court until the service is dclivered. As soon as the service is
completed the players may move about at will, paving no attention
to the boundary lines. The receiver must return the shuttle before
it touches the floor, but may reutrn it to any part of the court
which is on the opposite side of the nct.< If the server fails to
hit the shuttle completely across the net end within the proper
court on her service, or if she or her partner fails to return it
to the othcr court after it has bcen hit back into their own court
by their opponets, they are out and th service goes to the server's
partner if it is the first service of the innings or to the right °
half-court opponct if it is the second servicc of the innings. If,
however, the scrver succecds in making it fall to the floor in the
opponet's service court within thé ercoa bounded by the short half-
court linc, the long service line, the ecnter and sidelines upon
the service, or if the server or her partncr meke it fell to the
floor any place within the whole court on © return strokc, they
score one point or ace and the server changes to the left-hand court
and serves to the opponet diagonally opposite, who is standing
within the left-hand service court. The scrvcr continucs to serve
from each court alternately until she fails to win her points. The
first service in each innings must be from the right-hand courte
The player served to may alone take the service, and no pleyer may
take two consccutive services in the same gamce

SINGLIES--The singles gams differs from the doubles gome

somewhat as singles in tennis differs from doublcs. The court is
narrower, as shown in the diagram, but the service court is
2 fect 6 inches longer. The playing also differs from doubles in
oS thet the player serves from snd receives scrvice in the right half-
“ie Crt only when the server's score in 0, or when sho hes seorcd m
even number of aces in the gamee She serves from and reccives in
the left half-court when the server hes served an oda number of
ACCS»
scoring--Only the serving sidc can make a point. For womcnts
doubles a game consists of 15 points, end in singles 11 points. .
In a doubles gamc, when 13 points have been made by both sides
so that 13-all is declared, the ployers first reaching 13 may
claim the right to "sect" the geme to 5. The score is then called
lovewall, and the sidc which first scorcs 5 aces winse If 14-all

 
ghould occur, the gomc may be "set" for 3 vointse In singles, the
gome mey be "sct" et Irall or 10--1l for 5 or 3 points rcspectivclye
The best of threc gemcs constitutcs a rubbcr.

Faults-~

° Phe serviec is overhand, or if snuttle et instent of

being struck be higher then the server's waiste

2, If the fect of the onc receiving scrvice or the one ser
ving arc not within the limits of her helf-courte

3, If, cithcr in service or in pley, the shuttle falls
outside the boundarics or passes through or under the net, or fails
to pass the nct or touches the cciling or gidc walls or the person
or dress of any playcre

4, If the shuttlc "in ploy" be struck before it crosses the
striker's sidc of the uct, or if a player touch the net or its
supports with rackct, person, or drcSSe

5, If the shuttic be hit twice in succession by seme player,
or be hit by o ployer and her pertucr, sucecssively, or if the
shuttlc be not distinctly hit. :

6. If ployer obstructs her opponcte

”. If in scrving, thc shuttle folls into the wrong half-court
(ie Ce into the onc not diagonally opposite to the server), or falls
short of thc short-serving linc, or beyond the long-scrvice line,
or sutside the side boundary lines of the helf-court into which
the scrvice is in ord@re

    

Ponalty far Foult--A foult medc by cither pleyer of the side
which is "in" puts the server out; if made by a player whose side
is out, it counts an sce to the "in" sidée

Ete
° f the ghuttic touches the net in an otherwise good
SsEerviecs
2. If a nleyer serve out of turn or from the wrong halt
eourt and win the point, provided it be elsimed before the next
suceceding scrviee is declivercd.
%, If service is reecived from the wrong eourt enc relly is
won by reeciving sidc, if done before next service is delivered.
{Note )=eA ict" allows ea repley of the stroke. In actched
gemcs the Umpire shall enll "fault" or "et", without being
appenlecd to by the pleycre

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BADMINTON OUTLINE

 

Progression of Techniqué in Mass Formation for Beginners

1. Rally with under-hand and over-head clear to opponent's forehand
whenever possible,
Formation. X X X X
KARE
Change of grip if backhand is necessary, Slightly sideways posi-~
tion when making stroke with pivot of shoulders,

fe Clearing game. (To teach scoring and encourage strength in
clearing strokes.)

Same formation,

Bird put into play with high toss, players attempting to hit bird
over opponent's head and drive her back. No limit to depth of shot
but to be "good" it must be returned over net on or beyond short serv-
ice line, If the bird is allowed to fall between net and short serv-
ico line opponent wins rally and scores a point if she is sorving. If
bird is sent back so that playor on one side or tho other of hitter
prevents stroke being made a' et" is called, Scoro to cleven points,

 

Se Short Service,
Same Formations; players a yard or so beyond short service line,
Players face each other and attempt to skim net and land bird on
or slightly beyond short service line, Bird is let to drop and then
served back again. Owing to lack of space with more than four to a
court, tho bird has to be sent straight instead of diagonally.

 

4, Drop shot.
ame formation, Players close to note
Players rallying back and forth underhand forehand and backhand,
no change of gripe

Se Drop shot game.

Same formation,

Players rally back and forth; bird is out if it falls beyond shot
service line, A lot is called if other players prevont a returns

 

Be Clear and Smash.

Same formation, Playors well away from nct,

Bird sent to players forchand, Players can attempt to return
smash but turns should be takon in "setting up” tho bird,

 

o Short service and "snap" shot.

Same formation, Players beyond short servico lino.
Receiver trics to rush bird and "snap" it over net, with wrist
stroke, if flight is at all high over not.

Be Preparation for Front and Back,

Formation same as in Front and Back, only with cight players on
court. Players rally back and forth trying to use varioty of strokes
learned,

mM Piet Pe
PPS
Ie Four-a-side badminton,

Two in front, two at back.

Both front players sorve, after first "side out", but back ones
wait until their side is in again, when thoy change places with front
playors. Either one front or one back pluyor may recoive bird,

x

x ax

x x

x x

10, Throc-a-side badminton,

Two front, one back playor.

Back playor may receive servico on cither side, as well as one
in front, Servico samc as in doubles, except players shift counter-
clockwiso for a turn aftor the side is "in" again,

Some of the above items may be omittod, owing to lack of timo,

Advanced Strokos,.
: Forchand and backhand drivo,
Overhead drop shot.
Smashing round the head,
Backhand smash,
Drive service, :
Any "trick" shots dosircd by playors,

 
Yate Maes 3
2HCK PTasnis
=

1. ‘This game is played by throwing a rubber ring across the net
( 5 fect from ground),
The court is tho samc for singlos and doubles,

&» tho ring is put in play by 4 serve from bohind the soryicoe line
starting at the right as in tonnis. .

5. The ring is tossed by cither an undorhand or a horizontal move~
ment of the arm or wrist, never thrown with a downward movement,
It must be caught (before it touches the ground and without
touching the clothing of the body) with one hand only and must
be returned immediately with a risc of at least 6 inches from
the place where it was caught and with the seme hand. The player
may not run with, bat, or make false delivery motions (feint)
with the ring. ‘the ring may not be crumplod in sending it.
Only one sorve is permittod, provided it is not a new sorve, Net
serve is taken: over,

4. Scoring is same as in tennis, Playcor must win 2 out of 3 sots,

S¢ Points ero scored for the opponents if tho playor:

a) misses or docs not catch the ring before it touches the

| floor, body or clothing when served or tossed in "play"

b) eatches the ring with both hands

c) serves the ring into the not

d) sorves or tosses the ring outside of the court lino or
against the cciling

ec) bats the ring

f) juggles the ring ; ,

g) fails to return tho ring immodiatoly

h) throws the ring with a downward motion

i) reaches over the net in catching or tossing

j) erumples the ring in throwing it

k) feints with hand holding the ring to misload the opponont
as to direction of dolivery

1) allows ring to touch her body or clothing

m) server commits a foot fault

n) served ring fails to go in propor court (diagonnally

opposite)

Suggestions on Plavinge tho Gamo,

 

Practice tossing tho ring easy during the first few games until
accuracy and speed arc dovcloned, ase

By giving an upward, forward and backhand flipping motion to
the hand when close to the net, the ring will travel clong the net,
rise and drop over whero it is not expected,

Learn to use either hand, |

4¢temupt to make a quick return before the opponent recovers
balance or position,

If the ring is going out, do not touch it, for touching it but
not catching it would score against the player who touched it last,

 

In Doubles Games: :

1, In caso both players of a pair ‘are absont, sct is forfcitod
to opponent. }

£e ach of the 3 teams of an organization plays one sect thus
making a total of 3 sets for the match.
2eCh Ta snis

1, This game is played by throwing a rubocr ring across tho not
( 5 fect from ground),
The court is tho same for singles end doubles,

ee ane Ping 16. putin ploy by a sorve from behind the sorvicce line
starting at tho right as in tonnis,

3. The ring is tossed by cither an underhand or a horizontal move-
ment of the arm or wrist, never thrown with s downward movement,
It must be caught (before it touehos the ground and without
touching tho clothing of the body) with one hand only and must
be returned immediately with a risc of at least 6 inches from
the place where it was caught and with the same hand. The player
may not run with, bat, or make false dolivery motions (feint)
with the ring. The ring may not be crumplod in sending it,
Only one serve is permitted, provided it is not a new sorve, Net
serve is taken over.

4, Scoring is same as in tonnis, Player must win 2 out of 35 sets,

5. Points are scored for the opponents if tho playor:

©

misses or docs not catch the ring bofore it touches the

Sheet. body or clothing when served or tossed in "play"
atches the ring with both hands

ae: the ring into the net

sorvcs or tosses the ring outside of the court lino or

against the cciling

bats the ring

juggles tho ring

fails to return tho ring immediately

throws the ring with a downward motion

reaches over the net in catching or tossing

erumplés the ring in throwing it

feints with hand holding the ring to mislcad the opponent

as to direction ‘of Gotivery

allows rin ng to touch her body or clothing

sorver commits a Foot fault

served ring fails to go in proper court (diagonnally

opposite)

mo ¢

BBR Reb 03 HO
~~ Se ee ee ee ee ee et SS —

Suggestions on Plaving tho Game,

 

Practice tossing the ring casy during the first few games until
accuracy and speed arc dovceloped,

By giving an upward, forward and bagenend flipping motion to
tho hand when close to the not, the ring will travel along tho net,
rise and drop ovor whore it is not expected,

Learn to use either hand,

4ttompt to make a quick return before the opponent recovers
balance or position,

If the ring is going out, do not touch it, for touching it but
not catching it would score azainst the playor who touched it lo LST.

 

In Doubles Games: :

ig Eh case both players of a a pair are absont, sct is forfoited
to opponent.

©. Hach of tho 3 teams of an organization plays. one set thus
making a total of 5 sets for the match. 7