FIRST AID FOR SECURITY and -CONSERVATION * A New Study and Practice Book | For Use in Secondary Schools First-aid Training Is in the Curriculum to Stay Training in First Aid Today, in junior and senior high schools, thousands of young students throughout the nation are receiving training in first aid. Although at the present time there is a patriotic desire to secure basic knowledge of first aid to further civilian defense and to prepare for possible future service, there is strong evidence that first-aid training is no longer regarded as an incidental course. Need for a Planned Course Revealed Results of a secondary school survey of representative schools located in 20 states throughout the United States showed that, although many schools were offering some train- ing in first aid before the United States entered the war, there has been a large increase in the amount and the extent of this work offered in the schools since the United States entered the war. Of the schools included in the survey 93 per cent are now offering training in first aid. Furthermore, 95 per cent of the school administrators included in the survey signified that training in first aid should be given to all secondary school students even after the war. , If a first-aid course is offered in your school or if such a course is contemplated, you will be interested in this new pub- lication, FIRST-AID TRAINING By Morris Fishbein, M. D., and Leslie W. Irwin, Ph. D. First-Aid Training is a complete and comprehensive presen- tation which has been written and prepared especially for use in the secondary school. The latest accepted and approved methods in first aid are embodied in this book. Organization of Course First-Aid Training is a study-and-practice book, presented in workbook form. The subject matter is organized into 14 units. Each unit is introduced by a study section to give the accepted and approved procedures concerning the subject of the unit, also to provide necessary information which is valuable for bet- ter understanding of the first-aid procedure which is involved. Following the study section of each unit, Activities are pro- vided through which the student applies the content of the unit to check accurately his knowledge of the subject matter. Following the Activities are Practical Problems. These prob- lems give actual situations in which first-aid knowledge and practice must be applied. Each unit ends with Things to Remember wherein are listed the most important facts and points the first-aider must know at all times. Unit and Review Tests Fourteen comprehensive tests are included in the workbook. The Umit and Review Test for each unit is devised to measure objectively the student’s knowledge of subject matter and correct first-aid procedures. The tests are so constructed that the teacher can use the results as a means of efficient review in being certain that students are thoroughly familiar with all important first-aid methods. A Guide for instructors, bound separately, is available. This Guide includes suggestions on the organization, conduct, and methods of teaching first-aid courses as well as answers for the Activities, Practical Problems, and Tests. * a FFF Scope of the Course Following are the titles of the units covered: 1. The Importance of Knowing First Aid 2. The Body Machine 3. Learn to Deal with Shock 4, First Aid for Wounds 5. The Control of Serious Bleeding 6. The Breath of Life 7. ° First Aid for Internal Poisoning 8. First-Aid Use of Bandages 9. Injuries from Heat and Cold 10. Injuries That Require Special Attention 11. Fractures, Dislocations, and Sprains 12. Everyday Problems in First-Aid 13. First Aid for the Unconscious 14. Emergency Transportation of the Injured Authorship The authors of FIRST-AID TRAINING are Morris Fish- bein, M. D., Secretary of the American Medical Association and Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association and Hygeia, and Leslie W. Irwin, Ph. D., Director of Health, Physical Education, and Safety, The fee Schools, De- partment of Education, The University of Chicago. Cost The price of this workbook is 80c list, from which the usual quantity discount is deductible. LYONS AND CARNAHAN Chicago - Dallas - Los Angeles - Atlanta - New York February 9, 1944. Lyons and Carnahan, Chisago, Illinois. Dear Sirs: Will you kindly send one copy of "First Aid Training" by. Morris Fishbein and Leslie W. Irwin, together with the Guide for Instructors. I am enclosing $1.00 to cover the cost of same. Sincerely yours, Director of Physical fdaucation, Ence Varsity Basketball Coach. 10. LZ 5 136 V4 166. 166 17, 18. 19. 206 of ] as Lo FIRST AID QUESTIONS What is meant by the Pasteur treatment®e In what per cent of 6 cases is the use of it effective Name the best known po#éonous snake groups in the United States. " Discuss the prevention’ of snake bites. What are the symptoms of snake-bites? When may the greatest. severity of the symptoms be expested to occur?, Discuss fully the treatment for snake=-bite as outlined in your tex Is there a serum on the market for the treatment of bites otiia than those of the coral snake? Name it, What do we mean by the skin irritation, "sea nettles?! What is the treatment? What treatment is suggested in your text for the treatment of — posion ivy? In the "black widow" spider family which gender of the specied is relatively harmless? What are the symptom s of and treatment for "black widen" spiger bite? Name eleven of the poisonous drugs commonly taken, Discuss briefly prevention in the case of poisonous APugs Discuss generally the symptoms of poisonous drugs. What are the two main points to be remembered in the treage ment of any poison-drug case? By what emetics (six) can both of the above objectives be accomplished at the same time? What is meant by ptomaine poisoning? What are some of the causes of this food poisoning? The symptoms and treatment. In cases of unconsciousness, which three types present the most difficulty? In the event of inability to determine which of these types of the unconsciousness exists, upon what expectancy Use oe first aider work? ete When examining an unconscious patient, for what four possible conditions must the first aider look, he os Discuss symptoms and treatment for epileptic fee? \ 256 ele eee wo oy (2 6 w ) Set els 23 6 S56 4 « (354g 41. 426 4356 What is the first aid treatment for hysterical attacks? Discuss at least four ways in which drowning may be prevented, What are the symptoms of and treatment for a victim of submer-= sion. Describe the Prome Pressure method of artificial respiration, What first aid measures would’ you usé in cases of choking on food, false teeth, fish bones, coins, etc. ‘i In ges asphyxiation cases, what gas causes most trorble? Tell what you know of carbon monoxide gas as a potent poswsons where there are dangers of encountering it and how to prevent these dangers. Discuss at some lcngth the symptoms of and treatment for carbm monoxide poisoning, | Namerand define tne four different kinds of wounds. To what two dangers are wounds subject to? , Give a practical definition for the term, infection., p ’ What are the three conditons which determine whether or not a wound is infected? How would you treat wounds in which the bleeding is not severe Give treatment of wounds when bleeding is severe. Discuss what you know of the use of the tourniquet, Should it be used if bleeding can be otherwise checked? -Way—net?—- Step by step tell how you would apply a tourniquet to a bleed ing artery. 5 “Are stimulants to be given the patient before the bleeding stops? Why not? . What is meant by the term "shock", and what are the character- istics of it? Name some causes of shock. The same three measures are used to prevent shock as are used to treat it, What are they? In case of shock, when are stimulants not indicated? What are the physical symptoms of cloctric shocks Outline procedure for the rescue of a victim from contact with an electric wire. 446 456 46 6 476 484 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.6 596 60. 613 626 636 64. 656 666 67 68. age Outline treatment of such a victime What are the purposes of First Aid Training} Give a comprehensive definition of First Aid What are the three main purposes of First Aid Training? Dasmass.s the need for First Aids; why the great increase in accidents-~ automobile accicents, home accidents, industrial accidents, other accidents. If you were the first cone upon the scene of an automobile accident where--. in some were kidifec, other sepwren, what would you do and what would you io do? In what two branches of scienee must the first aider have a working knowledgoe Name four purposes of the bones of the skeleton. Name the two divisions of the skeletal bones of the head. Name the four skeletal divisions of the trunke The abdomen contains many important organse Name at least six of these. Name the bones of the uvpor limbse Name the bones of the lower limbs. What is meant by connective tissuc. What is the blood? Of what three parts is the blood chiefly composed? How much blood should an avcrage person of 1501bs have? The loss of how much blood is serious? The loss of how much is fatal? Define and locate the heart. What is the average rate of heart-beat? What are the artericse In first aid, only which arteries are considerede What is the large artery carrying blood away from the left side of the heart called? It is only the main arterics with which the first aider is concerned; these must lie close to a bonee Why? Name the six chief points where these main arterics lie clese to a bonce ooten 696 The very small vessels in which the arterics end are called what, 70. Does bleeding from capillaries offer a serious problem? Why or whg not? 7l. What are the veins? 72 In accidents, which are the more frequently cut, veins or arteries? Why is this true? 736 How can one distinguish whether an artery or & vein is cute. 74. How can venous bleeding asually be controlled? 75s Name the organs concerned with respiration. 76* In internal bleeding, what three symptoms may be the only outward indications, 77 What is the greatest danger which might occur from a punctured wounde Hos, \nat ns simple fracture. Compound fracture. ent er are the symptoms of simple fracture? Of compound fracture? Pees - 80-6 Outline general first aide trcatment of simple fracture. Of compound fracture. 81. Should a first aider try to distinguish between a skull fracture and a brain concussion? Why or why not? 82. In cases of skull fracture on concussion what treatment should the first aider follow until the physician arrines? 83. Give symptoms and treatment for the fracture of a nOSe€e 844 Give symptoms and treatment of lower jaw fracture. 85 Give symptoms and treatment for fracture of a collar bone. 86. Give symptoms and treatment for fracture of ribs. 87. Of what is the nervous system composed? ‘This question is to be answered broadly and generally--by just two geonoral groupings) 88. Where are most of the nerve centers located? (Two placcs) 89. If a nerve is cut, the part supplied by it loses both and (Supply oe missing words) 90. In the case of a broken back, what tragedy might result from pressure on the broken vertebrac? With what bodily result. 91. Why does the nervous system play such an important part in injurics? 92. What do we mean by dressings or compresses? 956 What is the material most cormonly used in dressings and compresses. 946 956 99s ee =~G aw Why is this particular material better in such use than other types? ¥Two reasons ) Name at least five things used commonly in the care of injurics which should never be applicd directly on the surface of a wounds (p.29~30) Name four purposes for which bandages are uscde There are three kinds of bandages used in first aid. Name theme (p36) Why should a first aider never wash a wound with soap and wter? Why is it permissable for a physician to wash a wound with soap and water, if he so desirese 100. 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My phe deb jh, EEG Z#z GEA ALMA, YALE (3A hie Ad, LAA AUD PH iLE BD E:; ALA YA lL Acbeeg 7 £2. 424.. Sf 7 7 ae a A 2 LV ¢- JCa-CL- 4 4, es a he ao L tile 5 fe L262 Ce beLrateccee CY Lies Si HN-taF 2 ve fe a en mMmotGrurs, o Le eee Ceesstbhemng 2p Cites fp se i 2 af WHAT TO DO IN AN : AIR RAID OFFICIAL In order that the students of our schools and their parents and friends may be informed and “on the alert” in this time of war emergency this booklet is issued. It is printed from plates furnished by the Daily Journal World. The source of the material is the U. S. Office of Civilian Defense, Fiorello H. LaGuardia, Director, Washington, D. C. Lawrence Public Schools. Lawrence, Kansas December 17, 1941 Above all, keep cool. Don’t lose your head. Do not crowd the streets, avoid chaos, prevent disorder and havoc. You can fool the enemy. It is easy. If planes come over, stay where you are. Don’t phone unnecessarily. The chance you will be hit is small. It is part of the risk we must take to win this war. | Until an alarm, go about your usual business and recreation in the ordinary way. Think twice before you do anything. Don’t believe rumors— spreading false rumors is part of the enemy’s technique. Don’t let him take you in. Know your air-raid warning. In general, it is short blasts or rising and falling pitch, on whistles or horns. The ‘“‘all clear’’ is asteady tone for 2minutes. Watch this paper for description of the local signal. (This is subject to change.) Await official information before taking any action. When the Air Raid Warden comes to your home, do what he tells you. He is for your protection. He is your friend. He will help you do your part to whip the enemy. We can do it. We will do it, if we stay calm and cool and strong and alert. 2 STAY HOME The safest place in an air raid is at home. If you are away from home, get under cover in the né€arest shelter. Avoid crowded places. Stay off the streets. The enemy wants you to run out into the streets, create a mob, start a panic. Don’t do it! If incendiary bombs fall, play a spray from a garden hose (never a splash or stream) of water on the bomb. Switch to a stream to put out any fire started by the bomb. Switch back to a spray for the bumb. The bomb will burn for about 15 min- utes if left alone, only about 2 minutes undera fine water spray. AJjet splash, stream or bucket of water will make it explode. Under raid conditions, keep a bathtub and buckets full of water for the use of the fire department in case water ‘mains are broken. If you have-a soda-and-acid extinguisher (the kind you turn upside down), use it with your finger over the nozzle to make a spray. Don’t use the chemical kind (small cylinders of liquid) on bombs. It is all right for ordinary fires. But above all, keep cool, stay home. Choose one member of the family to be the home air-raid warden—who will remember all the rules and what to do. Mother makes the best. = ir \ » ‘ : . IV 4) As || 1 af 5 @ i" - » I “ = = | S/ Ww, WY 8 at hist | CLEA. 3. PUT OUT LIGHTS Whether or not black-out is ordered, don’t show more light than is necessary. If planes come over, put out or cover all lights at once—don’t wait for the black-out order. The light» that can’t be séen will never guide a Jap. - Remember a candle light may be seen for miles from the air. : If you have portieres, overdrapes, or curtains, arrange a double thickness over your windows. Blankets willdo. If you have heavy black paper, paste it on your windows. Don’t crowd or stampede stores to get it, however. You probably have everything you need at home: Be ingenious—improvise. Should you get an air-raid warning, remember to shut off gas stoves, gas furnaces, and gas pilot lights on both. Bomb — explosions may blow them out from blast effect. Gas that collects may be explosive later. Prepare one room, the one with the least window glass, in the strongest part of your house, for a refuge room. Put food and drinking water in it. Put a sturdy table in it. Put mattresses and chairs init. Take a magazine or two and a deck of cards into it. Take things like eyeglasses and dentures with you when you go into it. Take toilet facilities, paper, a screen. Z£ you have a portable radio, take that too. Above all, keep calm. Stay at home. Put out lights. ; i ( a | a \ , xt XS ASS . >< st — 4. LIE DOWN If bombs start to fall near you, lie down. You will feel the blast least that way, escape fragments or splinters. oe . The safest place is under a good stout table—the stronger the legs the better. ~ ; det sie A mattress under a table combines comfort with safety. - The enemy may use explosive bombs or incendiary bombs, or both. If incendiaries are used, it’s more important to deal with them than to be safe from blast. So defeat the incendiary witha spray (never a splash or stream) of water, then go back to safety under a table in a refuge room. i Most raids will likely be over in your immediate neigh- borhood in a short time. However, stay under cover till the “all clear” is sounded. : Know your raid alarms. Know the “all clear’. Official news of these will come to you from your Air Raid Warden. Dont believe rumors. Watch this paper for air raid alarm description. Ask the warden when he comes. Should your house be hit, keep cool. Answer tappings from rescue crews if you are trapped. (You most likely won’t ve either hit or trapped, but if you are, you can depend on rescue squads to go after you). Again—keep cool, and wait. Donec -yell after you hear them coming to you, unless they tell you to. Keep cool! Just keeping cool hurts the enemy more than anything else you can do. Keep calm. Stay at home. Put out lights. Lie down. = 5. STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS Glass shatters easily, so stay away from windows. Don’t go to windows and look out, in an air raid. It is a dangerous thing, and helps the enemy. The Air Raid Warden is out there watching for you. Again we say, get off the streets if planes come over. At night, there is danger of being caught in blast from explo- Sives. Antiaircraft fire means falling shrapnel. You are safe from it indoors, away from windows. It’s more important to shell a plane than it is to see it from a window. Stay in your refuge room, away from windows. That is the safest place. Go there at the first alarm; stay there until the “all clear’’. | Above all, keep calm. Stay home. Put out lights. Lie down. Stay away from windows. Do not say we are re- peating; we would rather repeat until we bore you than have you forget. You can do all those things without any special equipment other than what you have now in your home. You can help lick the Japs, with your bare hands, if you will | do just those few, simple things. Be a good fellow and follow instructions and keep well. Do not be a wise guy and get hurt. Strong, capable, calm people are needed to man tk= volunteer services. If you want to help, there are lots of opportunities. If you know first aid, and have a certificate, there is an imme- diate job for you. If you are a veteran, or a former volunteer or regular fireman, or policeman, there is work for you. If you have no special skills but are strong and husky, there is a job for you in rescue squads, road-repair units, or demolition and clearance squads. If you have and can drive a car, you may be needed for drivers’ corps. Older Boy and Girl Scouts over 15 can help as messengers. Both men and women are needed. Here’s how to get started: If there’s a Civilian Defense Volunteer Office in your com- munity, call there and ask where to report. If not, call your local Defense Council or Committee, or the Chamber of Come merce. Phone and ask where to report, rather than going in person. There are people needed for— Air Raid Wardens (men and women). Road Repair Units (strong, husky men), Auxiliary Firemen (men). Demolition and Clearance Squads (strong Auxiliary Police (men and women). husky men). Fire Watchers (men and women). Electrical Repair units (trained elee Nurses’ Aides (trained women). tricians). Emergency Medical Forces (men and Decontamination Squads (strong men and women with Red Cross First Aid Cer- women). tificates). Emergency Food and Housing Uaits Rescue Squads (men). (women who can cook and serve). ° Above all, keep cool. Stay home. Put out lights, Lie down. Stay away from windows. You can help!