oe 17 =

(a) Bureau of Census-—-U. S. Department of Commerce
(b) State Industrial Accident Boards

(c) State Traffic Departments

(d) Automobile Associations

(e) Insurance Companies

(f} Safety Organizations

Statistical Evidence

 

Mortality--In this field as in the field of disease our most complete
returns are taken from the mortality records. For details as to number and
exact causes of death see references at end of section.

Morbidity—While the deaths from accidents are sufficiently dramatic
the results in now-fatal cases are of equal, if not greater social impor-
tance.

At present we have only partial statistics due to incomplete report-
ing. Sufficiently accurate estimates will be found in the references
(Bossard) to indicate the degree of defensive hygiene problem.

Analysis of the Problem

 

For purposes of discussion, mechanical causes of ill health may be
classified as to their place of occurrence:

{a) Industrial
(b) General--including automobile

Causes

Careful studies are being made to determine the causes responsible
for accidents as a basis for preventive measures. These studies have re-
vealed a great frequency of certain influences:

(a) Carelessness of individuals or groups

(b) Defects of individual (mental or physical)
(c) Fatigue

(d) Faulty machines

Character in Relation to Prevention--Accidents may be classified
from the standpoint of responsibility, in order to plan an effective de-
fensive hygiene program against them.

(a) Personal-—-those in which the action or ability of the individ-
ual is largely responsible:

ie Burne

2. Accidental drowning
3. Accidental shooting
4, Accidental falls

(b) Group--where ma jor responsibility is caused by carelessness or
neglect of the group:

1. Machinery accidents due to lack of safety devices
2 Mine accidénts

Se Railred accidents

4. Street car accidents