‘ OhpT | 506) She location of mritiinn fa oe the ettensins page 12 nh the whe Se SS ee 7 — . ' fas ee ‘ Fr ‘ 3 DS a Hag neeeten a naa : Se ee ey en eae THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE ADVANCED STANDING COMMITTEE February ll, 1944 > OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Dr. F. C. Allen Professor of Physical Education University of Kansas . Dear Dr. Allen: Mrs. Croce wishes to take an’ examination for credit in the courses listed on the attached blank. If you will prepare the examination questions for these courses, I shall be glad to give them here in the Advanced Standing office. She wishes to take the examinations sometime after March 1. Dean Lawson has set April 1 as the dead line for the grades to be in the College Office. Very truly yours, © (Miss) Sid Wak aati EIWig gmegtngss LF ALS RR IRE IS RE IEE RP ee ee KINESIOLOGY Examination Questions I. (a) Define icknesiology and give ite general relationships to certain other sciences. (b) List at least three of its contributions to the betterment of teaching physical education. Ii. (a) Where, in the human body, is the location of motion? (b) Where, the source of bodily motion? IIl.e (a) Neme the three general classes of joints to which all artioulations of the body belong. (>) Nene and give one example each of the six types of freely movable joints. IV. Answer these questions yes or nos (2) A msole oan only pull; it never pushes. (2) Whenever there is nervous stimulation the muscles relax. (3) Bvery musele has ita two ends attached to different bones. (4) Ald wesslen wre arranged in echagenlytis palve or gree. (5) The emaller muscles are located where the greatest force is noeded. (6) The human machine has a high degree of efficiency. (7) The primary factors: in the physiological condition are fatigue, source of food substance, and removal of waste substances from the tissue. (8) The muscles of the body are of three types, suooth, cardiac, and skeletal. (9) The cardiac is the type directly responsible for motor activity. (10) Muscle activity takes place through the regular processes of netabolism. (11) Inertia is a property of all objects. (12) The human body is stable when in a standing position. (13) Gravity is a constant force acting on all bodies. (24) The two articulating bones of the hip joint are the scapula and the humerus. — (15) The elbow joint is a ball and socket joint. 7 (16) The gliding type of joint is best exemplified by the articular processes of the vertebrae. (17) The ball and socket joint is perfectly described by its name. 4 f 5 al Se SAREE aeeereman ATARI AR ENE: NE RE, EE EE Sa eS : - ‘ : i a el ee ee ia ee ‘ ‘ , as - 3 (18) The saddle type of joint is a special arrangement found only in the thumb. (19) Adduction is a lateral movement away from the central plane of the body. (20) Abduction is a movement inward toward the central plane of the body. Ve (a) What do we mean by equilibrium? (Give your most complete definition. (b) Since it is impossible to understand the physical principles of total body action without understanding certain governing laws of motion, please give in detail the Newtonian laws: (1) the laws of inertia; (2) the laws of acceleration; (3) the law of reaction. (c) The levers of the body frequently move in complete wmison and with perfect timing in respect to their involved neighbors. For instance, when one climbs the stairs, one's weight is lifted by extension at three articulations | simultaneously. Name the articulations and state generally what takes place ; in such activity at these articulations. . VI. (a) List four of the fundamental manipulative skills. (b) Explain briefly tho three principal types to which all manipulative skills - . belong VIIe In the field of selected sports state briefly the types of fundamental manipulative skills to which each of these sports belong, and give at least three general musts, either muscular or mechanical, for the successful performer of each sport. you prefer, substitute other sports with which you may be more familiar. (a) Archery (b) Badminton (co) Tug of War VIII. Each figure below represents the base for some couple bulans stunt. The | arrow repronente the weight lin cf the top pe:fartar, We lee weight supported more easily by the top figure in each couple? i a —- | 1 4 1 Meet Lee es 7 Gower) oe Cn < Riad gua MA ee Dig ae Ix. (a) Sinee the spine is the keystone for the development of an upright posture, name four of its specific functions in this service to the human body. (b) There are some 14 or 15 commonly recommended exercises for posture training. Wame at least five such exercises and diseuss briefly why each is effective. X. List at least 5 home or cecupational activities. is e Nage Mii earls? ie KINESIOLOGY - ANSWERS Pde 5,7,8, Chape z Te 7 I~ (a) Kinesiology is the science which investigates and analyzes human motions The sciences of physics, physiology and anatomy contribute basically to kinesiology. Kinesiology is a composite of these sciences, (b) 1, Kinesiology attempts to integrate all the contributing fields of inform- ation through direct application to the problems of the teacher of swimming, of dance, of correctives, of sports, and of all other physical education activities. 2« Kinesiology makes an analysis and evaluation of activities, 5. Kinesiology, by analyzing and evaluating activities, makes for better and easier teaching, This analytical ability makes creative, individualized and effective teaching of motor skills possible. | 4. A knowledge of kinesiology has its social and phystholegical benefits, in that through an understanding of the problems of efficiency and economy of movement a new sensitivity to and confidence in poise and grace result. Too, a better understanding of problems of physiological cost, energy budgeting and muscular timing result. 5. Kinesiology should give a better appreciation of posture, for the basic principles which determine the standards for sitting, standing, walking, and body carriage in general are found in this stury. 6, The analysis of movement and understanding of standards should make the teacher more aware of irregularand unusual performance, and of abnormal structure, (At least 3 of above 6) p. 12, Chap. II (a) The location of . Ile motion is in the artioulations of the body. pe 35, Chap. IIt (b} The source of all bodily movement is in the muscles of the bodys III. P. 13, Chape II (a) diarthrodial, or freely movable i Anphiortarodiel, slightly movable, Synartk al, immovable ppe 13015, Chap. II (b) (1) arthrodial, gliding joints. Ex: articular processes of the vertebrae (2) condyloid, joint formed by a convex prominence gliding over an adjacent surface, Ex: artioulations between the carpals and the first segment of the fingers. (3} enarthrodial, ball and socket joints Ex: shoulder joint. ts » hinge joint. Ex; elbow joint. 5) reciprocal reception, saddle joint. Ex: found only in the thumb joint. (6) » pivot joint, Ex: This type of joint is found in the head of e us = where rotation is permitted, IV. (1) Yes : (11) Yes 2) No ? (12) No 3) Yes ! (25) Yes 4) Yes (14) No (5) No (15) No (6) No. ti Yes . (7) Yes 17) Yes 9) ae = No (10) f Yes Suga Seen peas SE ea a dD D icc mua alae Bre eh wicahogs ze 3 aes - seats 2 . * mel - Answers = Ze Ve pe 115, Chap. VII (fa) Equilibrium, in all activities, is an active muscular process to control the center of gravity of the body and of its parts with respect to the base of supporte (b) Newtonian Laws: l, The laws of inertia: 1, A resting body remains at rest if no external force operates upon it, 2e A body moving with uniform motion retains this uniform motion so long as no external force operates upon it. 2e The laws of acceleration: 1. Acceleration is directly proportional to the force producing it. 32 Acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of the bodys 5e Acceleration is in the same direction as the force producing its 3s The law of reaction: Every force which meets resistance has an equal — and opposite counterforces pe 134, Chaps VIII (c) Hip, knee and ankles One's weight is lifted by extension at all three articulations. Extension cannot naturally take place at any one of these articulations without also occurring at the other tw.» N.B. For class uses an exact description of this process would be advisable. See Pe 134, Vie 188-198, Chaps XIII. _ Pushing, pulling, throwing, striking, (or others, such as kicking, etc.) (b) 1. Those in which performer keeps contact with the object. Ex: pushing, pulling. é« Those in which momentum is developed in an object and then released. Ex: All types of throwing. | 5» Those skills in which momentum of a body part, or of a tool, is imparted to either a stationary or moving object and it is either moved or accelerated in movement thereby, Ex: serving a tennis ball, or a place kick in football, or striking a baseball, etc. . VII Ps» 203, Chaps XIV. (a) In archery the momentum is developed in object and then released, as in throwing, Archery calls for precision of movement. Its successful achievement depends largely upon the kinesthetic perception of position and ability always to reproduce this desired position, While it belongs to the same class of skills as throwing, it involves the pro- jection of the arrow by a mechanical device rather than by muscular force, This game demands static rather than dynamic precision. pp. 207-209, Chap. XIV. (b) In badminton, we have a type of the fundamental skill of striking, i.ce., the type wherein the momentum of a tool or body part is imparted to either a stationary or a moving object by an external force, and the object is moved thereby. | Badminton involves many striking techniques, While the game is similar in . some respects to tennis, is differs definitely. The equipment is largely responsible for this, The lighter racquet is largely responsible for this and thus lacks the potential force of the tennis racquet. The compensation for this lack of force must be made in the greater speed of the stroke and in a different timings From the standpoint of mechanics these drives are classified as either underhand or overhands ~ Answers > Se pps 189-190, Chape XIII (c) In Tug o' War the performer keeps contact with the object, as in the fundamental skills of pushing or pullinge In this sport, if the resistance is light im arm action alone will suffice. When the resistance is greater, the force can be increased by leaming away from ite Leg extension and the back extensors may be brought into play. In moving backward, the back extensors fix or set the trunk. VIII. In these couple balancing stunts the top couples in each case are maintaining the more correct positions because they conform more closely to the principles which govern balancing. First, the area of support is broader in the top figures, There must always be a center of support and the top performer should be placed so as to keep the weight line near this center. All balancing must be performed with respect to the center of gravity of the persons doing the balancing, As long as the center of gravity falls inside or behind the arc of the base of support upon which the balancing is being done the balancing will be stable. But the center of gravity ¢@ the one being balanced must not pass beyond that edge. In all balance events, the performers must have a thorough understanding of the rules of stability, dealing principally with the size of the base and the location of the center of the gravity with respect to the base. There is, however, the factor of rotary momentum to be considered. Rotary momentum is usually necessary to assume balancing positions. Therefore, in the drawings the weight is more easily supported by the top figures because weight is easier to hold if the legs of the base are in a vertical position, unless the base figure is standing, then the legs may be widened to spread the area of _—" IX-Ae pe 552, Chapa XIX. ey It is a support for the weight of the trunk, (2) It is the solid point of attachment for most of the muscles anchoring and con- trelling the pectoral girdle, as well as the lattisimus dorsi which moves shoulder joint, (3) It encloses and protects the spinel cord and the nerves which lead to and from ite This requires a firm, carefully articulated, and not too flexible colum, (4) It absorbs jolts and jars which come to the body even —_ such commonplace activities as walking, running and jumpings IxX=B, P. 339, Chaps XIX, (1) Wend lowering between. shoulders, This exercise is good for round shoulders, kyphosis, and forward head. Pe 340 (2) Hanging from the horizontal barss Passive hanging from the bar is economical ~ of muscular effort but is not good for round shoulders; but in active hanging, the muscles contract to hold the weight and thus trensform an activity which is ppor for round shoulders into one which is beneficial. Pe 343, (3) Standing with feet together, lift inner border of each foot but keep neste and toes on the floor, weight on outer borders of the feete The main value of this exercise is in strengthening these muscles which support the arch along its medial borders Ps 3396 Chape XIX. (4) Prone lying, arms extended sideward, palms down = raising of head, shoulders, and arms from floors This exercise when done properly is localized hypertension of the thoracic region, with a little hyperextension of the cervical region. Care must be taken to localize the action in the thoracic regions, with no extreme tension irf the lumbar regions (5) “breaking chains", Elbows flexed arms horizontaj, backward movement of arms Answers = 4. in transverse plane, This exercise is also excellent for round shoulders, It is also facilitated by an extension of the thoracic spine; _ by directly encouraging an erect position is good for kyphosis. Xe PP» 323-327, Chap. XVIII 1, Stair climbing 2e Reaching 3. Wringing or twisting movements 4, Hammering and chopping 5e Shoveling and sweeping.