Answers < 3.
ppe 189-190, Chape XIII
(c) In Tug o' War the performer keepp contact with the object, as in the

fundamental skills of pushing or pullings

In this sport, if the resistance is light im arm action alone will suffice.
When the resistance is greater, the force can be increased by leaming away from it.
Led extension and the back extensors may be brought into play. In moving backward,
the back extensors fix or - the trunk.

vIrt.

In these couple balancing stunts the top coujgles in each case are maintaining
the more correct positions because they conform more closely to the principles which
govern balancing. First, the area of suppert is broader in the top figures. There
must always be a center of support and the tep performer should be placed so as to
keep the weight line near this center, All balancing must be performed with respect
to the center of gravity of the persons doing the balancing. As long as the center
of gravity falls inside or behind the are of the base of support upon which the
balancing is being done the balancing will be stable. But the center of gravity ¢
the one being balanced must not pass beyond that edge. In all balance events, the
performers must have a thorough understanding of the rules of stability, dealing
principally with the size of the base and the location of the center of the gravity

‘with respect to the base. There is, however, the factor of rotary momentum to be

considered, Rotary momentum is usually necessary to assume balancing positions.
Therefore, in the drawings the weight is more easily supported by the top figures
because weight is easier to hold if the legs of the base are in a vertical position,
unless the base figure is standing, then the legs may be widened to spread the area
of support.

IXeAs
Pe 532, pened XIX.
3 It is & support ow the weight of the trunks
(2) It is the solid point of attachment for most of the muscles anchoring and con-
trolling the pecteral girdle, as well as the lattisimis dorsi which moves shoulder
joint.

(3) It encloses and protects the spinal cord and the nerves which lead to and
from it. This requires a firm, carefully articulated, and not too flexible colum,

(4) It absorbs jolts and jars which come to the body even from such commonplace
activities as walking, rumning and jumping.

(
IX=B,
Pe 339, Chapeo XIX, | : :

(1) Wend lowering between shoulders, ‘This exercise is good for round shoulders,
kyphosis, and forward head.
pe 340

(2) Hanging from the horizontal bars, Passive hanging from the bar is economical
of muscular effert but is not goed for round shoulders; but in active hanging, the
muscles contract to hold the weight and thus transform an activity wiich is ppor for
round shoulders into one which is beneficial.

Pe 345.

(3) Standing with feet together, lift inner border of each foot but keep heels and
toes on the floor, weight on outer borders of the feet. The main value of this
exercise is in strengthening these muscles which support the arch along its medial border.
pe 539, Chap. XIX.

(4) Prone lying, arms extended sideward, palms down = raising of head, shoulders,
and arms from floor, This exercise when done properly is localized hypertension of the
thoracic region, with a little hyperextension of the cervical region. Care must be
taken to localize the action in the thoracic regions, with no extreme tension in the
lumbar regions.
pe 338, Chap, XIX.

(5) "breaking chains", Elbows flexed arms horizonta}, backward movement of arms

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