10 6. No excuses are accepted for not playing. This tournament is suitable to individual competition and is frequently used in golf and tennis squads to determine who shall constitute the teams. The high five or six cach week may be used for varsity competition. Another variation of -the ladder tournament is to arrange the players in the form of a pyramid and then allow any contestant to challenge anyone in the next highest group. This sorts out the players faster and places more than one contestant in position to chal- lenge for the pinnacle peak. Ringer Tournaments A tournament useable in archery and golf has been described by Mable Lee* as a ringer tournament. In archery the tournament consists of shooting a Columbia or some other round several times and drawing a ring about the best scores for each of the distances. (See Fig. 5) When these rings are added, they are compared with the ringed totals of other contestants. A ring tournament has the advantage in both golf and archery in that only the best scores are used. It might be used to combat an inferiority complex in these sports, as for example, the golf beginner who has a birdie on hole 7 the first round and a nine on the same hole next round. ADMINISTRATION | in a single room or small school, one teacher can run the entire intramural program directly. As the number of contestants increases, it soon becomes im- possible for one person to manage the equipment, the grounds, and the players. When this state of affairs has been reached, several courses are open. In a large intramural program, faculty assistants can be very useful. At Westport Senior High School, Kansas City, Missouri, this system is used without actually naming the cooperation instructors as intramural faculty assistants. The tennis coach ran an intramural elimination tennis tournament in the spring. Another instructor gave wrestling lessons and acted as referee for the tournament. Other faculty members cooperated during the boxing matches by acting as judges. The girls' instructor had men teachers for umpires during her softball games in the spring. Student managers can make themselves very useful. Under proper direction students can be given tasks such as assigning officials, drawing schedules, checking participation and actually running tournaments. For the glory of wear- ing a school letter marked "Intramural Manager", students will do a large amount of routine work, thus freeing the intramural director for more important adminis-— trative duties. The student council may have an intramural committee and, by asking its advice and assistance, a lot of help and publicity can be secured. Varsity players, while not eligible to some intramural sports, frequently have enough interest to help in athletic activities. The writer has in mind a school that ran intramural cmtests Saturday mornings. The basketball players who partici- pated in varsity competition on Friday nights always turned up Saturday mornings to aid with the intramural basketball games. Who and How Many Should Compete? After the method of administration has been decided upon, many problems remain. How many players should constitute a basketball squad? More than the * Lee, Mable: The Conduct of Physical Education, New York; A. S. Barnes & Co. 1937: