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legal game number will be necessary to take care of absences from school and
players fouled out of the game. A squad of eight players will usually result in
having a full team. on the floor. Two extras for volleyball, three or four for
softball prove satisfactory. A rule must be made to govern the amount of playing
time that each substitute should play. Substitutes will fail to show up at game
time if they do not get to take part in the activity. In basketball a good rule
is that each squad member must play at least a quarter.

Another and easier method of handling team competition is to simply have a
list of eligible players from each home room, fraternity, class-or other unit of
competition, and check to see that only players from the eligible list are used.

The problem of varsity eligibility for competition in intramural activities
is usually decided by the rule that varsity athletes are ineligible in their sport
and during their sport's season. Some schools have a scholastic requirement for
intramural sports, but this seems to spoil one of the main purposes of these
activities. It is the opinion of the writers that intramural activities should
be open to all, regardless of scholastic achievements. One institution prohibits
participation of its probationary students. This rule served to take away the
main source of wholesome recreation that should have remained open to these pupils.
Depriving the boy of fun is not an effective club anyway.

Equipment

Equipment is a problem that has to be met by all schools. How much should
be furnished the students? The usual rule is to furnish equipment such as masks,
shoulder pads and head-gear, nets, targets, bats, basketballs, baseballs, foot-
balls, etc. In tennis, handball, and badminton, the players provide their own
racquets, birds and balls. It is well if the school has money enough to furnish
all items but a "bird" furished by the school does not receive as good care as
one owned by the player. Archery equipment may be school owned, but students who
- have an interest in this sport will soon want tackle of their own and should be
encouraged to get it. Shooting in archery depends upon one's being acquainted
with the individual variation in arrows, and school equipment used by many dif-
ferent students cannot be maintained in a constant state of repair and preserva-
tion. When equipment is school owned, careful records of it should be kept. This
will enable the director to locate and keep track of it at all times, and should
also enable him to check to see which equipment is giving the most use per dollar.
Much equipment such as box hockey, and ping pong tables can be made. By cooper-
ating with the manual training and home economics departments, many dollars can be
saved. Whenever repairs are needed, they should be made at once. A few minutes
spent in repairing an article such as a basketball, when a stitch is first broken,
will save time in repair and may save a $10.00 ball for much more competition.

Safety

Accidents can be reduced by a campaign of safety education and the use of
proper equipment. The administrator should.see that the equipment is safe and that
it is used. Games can be played on smooth fields free from stones. Benches can be
removed from playing areas. Proper action should be taken in regard to slippery
floors, and congested playing areas can be kept free from flying balls, etc.

The officials should know their job and not tolerate any unnecessary roughness or
other actions that will produce hazards not inherent in the activity. Lloyd,
Deaver and Eastwood in their book, "Safety in Athletics", point out that about
fifty percent of the accidents in high school athletics could be prevented by the-
proper administrative procedures and controls. Every student who participates