Van yi. BULLETIN Ms ie DECEMEER any LUOO, BN A WATIOuwnL ASSOCIATION OF BASKETBALL COACHES OF Te UNITED STATES "RESEARCHES IN BASKETBALL Page l. Department of Physical Education, University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas. Forrest C, Allen, Director of Physical Education and Head Basketball Coach E. R, Elbel, Assistant Professor of Physical Education V. W. Lapp, Assistant Professor of Physical Education. "BIG SIX CONFERENCE RESEARCH "With the elimination of the center jump the desire was to ascertain facts concerning the so-called fast break that the new rules might encourage. "The big Six Confernece coaches agreed in a pre-season committee meeting to gather and send in certain facts from all of their conference contests. "All held balls or jump balls were tossed up at the nearest 6-foot circle. The possibility of scoring from this position was considered an important finding. " Thirty conference games were played. There is complete data from 18 games, incomplete data from 6 games, and no data was reccived from 6 games. "Three schools were especially diligent in sending statistics following cach game, while the other three schools sent partial but not complete data on some of their games. "Some rather interesting findings were revealed in that for Big Six Conference play the average time for each individual meovement across the division line was 4.27 seconds. The number of held balls during an entire game in our conference was as- certained, and lastly the possibility of scoring field goals after the toss-up, when the held ball was brought to the circle, was also determined. "The study is summarized as follows: "1. Length of time consumed in bringing the ball across the division line after a goal or free throw had been made; complete information from 18 games shows that: (a) the act was performed 586 times for an average of 31.4 times per game. (b) a total time of 2527.1 seconds was used for an average of 140.4 seconds per game, or 2 min. 34 sec. (c) the average time for each individual movement across the line was 4.37 seconds. "2. Number and location of held balls during games; complete information from 24 games shows that: (a) held balls occured 220 time in one end circle for an average of 9.1 per game; (b) held balls occured in the opposite end circle 165 times for an average of 6.8 per game; (c) held balls occured 52 times in the center circle for an average of 2.2 per game; (d) held balls occured for a total of 435 times for an average of 18.1 times during each game. "KANSAS OFFENSIVE EVALUATION CHART Page 2. "For years the generally accepted method of evaluating a basketball team has been on the number of scores that were made by the team or by an individual. This evaluation chart was not meant to detract from winning basketball games; indeed, the motivating influence back of the chart was to improve the unit in basketball, the player. "Many things occur in a basketball game that the average player, during the heat of the game, may not recall unless his plays are charted and evaluated. The chart was an attempt to evaluate and put into figures a player's evaluation, similar to the batter's average in baseball, With that idea in mind a list of offensive activities was made and each activity or play was weighed subjectively. The weight of the item was given duc con- sideration concerning its importance in so far as it contributed to the execution of sound fundamentals and to winning success. Of course, the objectives was the successful scoring of field goals or free throws by the player. "The material presented in the following pages represents a partial summary of material gathered during the 1937-38 home season at the University of Kansas. Data were collected from. nine home games by a group of eight trained assistants. During the first six games material was taken only on the home tean. For the last three conference games statistics were collected on both teams, thus making several interesting comparisons possible. The data used in the evulation of the teams are shown on the summary table. This material is being made available for the coaches! meeting, and a more formal write-up will be presented at a later date with additional material. Due to the recent close of the season it has been impossible to verify and analyze our complete data. "For the purpose of illustration, showing the schematic evaluation chart with team and individual batting averages, the Nebrasks-Kansas game is shown on Table I. "LIST OF ITEMS USED IN EVALUATION CHART Weight in A. Positive Items Evaluation Points 1. Field goals 10 2. Free throws 5 5. Immediate assists 4 4, Secondary assists 3 5. Recovers ball off opponent's backboard 2 6. Recovers ball off own backboard e 7. Taps and recovers own jump ball & 8. Recovers teammate's jump ball 1 9. Makes a good pass to a team mate 1 10. Catches a teammate's pass 1 en B. Negative Items Page 3. Error of omission Held ball obtained by an opponent Fumbles ball and it goes out of bounds Fumbles ball and it is obtained by opponent Taps ball out of bounds Wild pass out of bounds Wild pass to an opponent Violation of rules Personal offensive foul OMNOOLPNANE . OOrANWNWHH "In the use of the evaluation chart, the algebraic sum of the positive and negetive points is used. This sum for cach game represents the total effectiveness of the tean. "SUMMARY Nine Game Totals l. Score: 384 points 2. Goals: 554 shots; 150 goals; average per cent 27.1 5. Free throws: 144 frec throws; made 84; average per cent 58.3 . Offensive personal fouls: 7 personal fouls while the player had the ball. = 5. Personal fouls: 92 6. Violation: 335 7 8 . Rebounds: 201 rebounds recovered off opponent's backboard. . Rebounds: 191 rebounds recovered off own backboard. 9. Passes and good catches: 38232 passes: 3105 good catches. 10. Wild passes: 68; 24 out of bounds; 44 to an opponent. ll. Fumbles: 55; 28 out of bounds; 27 to an opponent. 12. Held balls: 28 held balls obtained by opponents. 15. Tapped ball: 12 times tapped ball out of bounds. 14. Jump ball: 2 times tapped and recovered own ball. 15. Jump ball: 97 times recovered ball from teammate's jump ball. 16. Assists: 216; 117 immediate assists; 99 secondary assists. 1%. Evaluation points: 9821 - 659 = 9162 evaluation potnte, 18. Evaluation points per minute of play: 5.09 points 19. Evaluation points per score: 23.9 points. Nine game averages Score: 42.7 Goals: attempted 61.5; made 16.7; per cent 27.1 Free throws: attempted 16; made 9.23; per cent 58.3 Personal fouls: 10.2 Ofronsive personal fouls: .78 Violations: 3.7 Rebounds from own backboard: 21.3 Rebounds from opponent's backboard: 22.3 Passes and good catches: 3559.1 passes; 345 catches . Wild passes: total 7.57; out of bounds, 2.67; to opponents 4.9 OD ONOUKELANH fj +i, 12, 13, 14, 15. 16, 17, 18, 19. Oe co OD “I OD LO, li. Ls 13. 14, 15. 16. 1’. 18. 19. Page 4. Held balls: obtained by opponents ie! Fumblés: total 6.1; out of bounds 3.1; to opponents 3 Tapped ball: out of bounds 1.3 Jump ball: tapped and recovered own jump ball .55 Jump ball: recovers teammate's jump ball 10.8 Assists: total 24; immediate 13; secondary 11 Evaluation points: 1091.2 - 73.2 = 1018 points per game Evaluation points per minute of play: 5.0° points Evaluation points per score: 25.9 points "Tn Three Conference Games Records Were Made on Both Teams Scores: Opponents, 102 - Kansas, 159 Goals: Opponents took 184 shots, made 39 goals; average per cent 21,2 kansas took 165 shots, made 56 goals; average per cent 35.9 Free throws: Opponents took 44 shots, made 24; average per cent 54.5 Kansas took 42 shots, made 27; average per Personal fouls: Opponents 56 - Kansas 27 Offensive personal fouls: Both teams made & personal fouls while they had the ball and called offensive fouls. Violations: Opponents 16 ~- Kansas 15 Rebounds off own backboard: Opponents recovered 51 Kansas recovered 70 Rebounds off opponent's backboard: Opponents recovered 354 Kensas recovered 78 Good passes and catches: Opponents, 607 good passes; 435 catches Kansas, 1025 good passes; 998 catches Wild passes: Opponents, 20, 6 out of bounds, 14 to an opponent Kansas, 19; 6 out of bounds, 13 to an opponent Fumbles: Opponents, 20; 9 out of bounds, 11 to an opponent Kansas, 20; 10 out of bounds,10 to an opponent Tapped ball out of bounds: Ovponents, 4 times Kansas, 4 times Held balls: Opponents obtained 17 Kansas obdtainecd 15 Jump ball: Opponents tapped and recovered own jump ball 1 time Kansas tapped and recovered own jump ball no times Jump ball: Opponents recovered teammate's jump ball 62 times Kansas recovered teammate's jump ball 235 times Assists: Opponents made 54 assists; 29 immcdiate, 25 secondary Kansas made 77 assists; 41 immediate, 36 secondary Evaluation points: Opponents, 1995 positive; 244 negative Kansas, S210 vnositive; 257 negative Evaluation points per minute of play: 5.09 Evaluation points per score: 235. 9 LO. 3 LG 15. 14, 15. 16. ats 18, 19. Page 65, "Four Non-Conference and Five Conferenee Games Score: Non-conference average 42 points conference average 43.2 points Goals: non-conference avorage shots attemptcd 58.75; average made i; per cent 24.7. conference average shots attempted 55.8; average made 16.4; per cent 29.4 Freo throws: non- conference average shots attompted 14.0; averaco made 8; percent 57.1 conference average shots attempted List} avernze made 10.4; per cent 59,9 Personal fouls: non-conference average 10.5 conference average 10.0 Offensive personal fouls: non-c onference average .25 conference avernge 1.25 Violations; non-conference average 3 conference average 4.2 Rebounds from own backboard: non-confcrence average 22.0 conference avorage 20.6 Rebounds from opponent's backboard: non-conference average 19.0 conference average 20.0 Passes and good catches: non-conference passes, 574.75; catches, 362. conference passes, 345.6; catches, 351.4 Wild passes: non-conferonce, 8.5; out of bounds, 2.75; to an opponent, 5.75 econferonce, 7.0; out of bounds, 2.6; to an opponent, 4.4 Held balls obtained by opnonents: non-conference, 2 = conference 4, Fumbles: non-conference, 6.25; out of bounds, 3.20; obtained by opponent, 3 conference, 6.03 out of bounds, 5,0} obtained br opponent, 3 Tapped ball out of pounds: non- conference +25 conference 1.4% Tapped and recovered own jump ball: non-conference .5 timos conference, no times Recovers teammate's jump ball: non-conference, 15.75 conference 3.4 Assists! non-conforence, 25.25; immediate 13.5; secondary 11.75 conference 23.0; immediate 12,6; secondary 10.4 EValuation points: non-conference, 1154 - 1065 evelustion points = 69 evaluation points econfcrence, 1057 - 980.4 evaluation points = 75.6 evaluation points Evaluation points per minute of eed 5.09 mValuation points per score: 23, ‘ he ~| | Pl [Sie ie TABLE 72 £19} Q}o] 9] 5} S} S] 2/POR FOL eS TAEEE T TSISIESISESESSLS| $18] 81513 OPS] ATES RI” | SiO REET RG Nog of Fiawee 1? 04 2S 16:8 0:12 :/8:2017:: 18s 3 sg No. of Minutes played _ 423296:40: S 22.5: 145:365:35 $'2-6:3 2.531 +17 Total Evulation Points _:126)37 239: 24: 9 :32:166:/49:30:22: 0:3 :93h 3 ot Eval. Points_per_minute _:5.5:4.6:5-9:4.6:3.6;2.8:4.6:43:24:79:0 2:3 1468 ot ot Goals attonpted = 6:4 /8i/ 3212:8:8:2;0:0:0:9/2 3 ¢ Pate a 1D iF 1G 10 OO 8 1d 8 68 OO Ts ot Beste ek kkk 76.7,50.9:333; @: 0 10 SP5:8F: 0 20 O30 Mey 4. Pree throws attompted 1/4/3514: /:O1B: 4 :@ @ sO, Ore, : y Broo tiwowg mato, th a ala 3 O17 88: Ose Ooh, 2 fg £0 te tt seh :/00s 6° 1M s/oe: @ BB: 0 (91018 20 7774 5 8 Eoreony) fous itp 1 11 Oh Se SOO eu: st Goal Eval. Points __ _ _:40:20:60: 0:0:0 :30:20: 0:0:0:0 :/70:/0:_ + Free_ throw Eval Points _:5 15 :/5:5:5:0:35:0:0:0:0:0:70:5: 3 Immediate Assiets _ _ 14 sf 2 Os Olt 3/6 7/2 34 0: Os Ones 5 Secondary Assists _—s«_—_ 39:59:16 5 9:920:32/5:9:0:0:0 99:3: Ball _off Opp,Backboard _16 58 36 ;O:$ :2 2/4; 0 :2:2:0;9 Ob:2 5 Ball_off_own_backboara_ _:8 ;2 :2 9: 0:4; 8:4: 9:6:0:0:342: 3 Taps & recovers own ball_39:O:9:0:0: 0:0 :0:0:0:9:0;0:4: 3 Rocovers own toammates Jmp%:/:4:9:9:4:/3:5:43 0: 0:4:81/: 3 Pooe pete kk 34:51:72: 9: 3 3/8:90:6/ 5/6: 81 O31 BI) 3 ot os kk $34:42:76:/ O14 5 /5192164;/5: 8; Or/ 30s / pt ‘9 Se ee ee ee ee ee eR SR IN — eS SN ee ee Se en et me emmy esate pment omens nme tem ie meee em mea a Page 7. ene ee em ene ee et ee SS ee ee meee eee ei eee Se eee a Som NR Held ball obtained By me eee Opp._ 27/2 O: O172: 0:9:0:9:0:0:0:90: 03-2: 3 Fumble & coes out of bounds "2'-2!0'O0'0!0: O'-G6: 0:0 '-2' O'S 10: Tee @ eee Fe ee ne aA ee Op). V2 103 O3°2: Of O: O:-2 - 8: 030:0:0:-8; } ee ee” ek: eee ee 2 ea ee Bete a Be 2 ee es ee ee ee ee ee se un a. a oe oe be ee ee Ge ae ae ack ee es se ee ee ee ee ae ee ee ee ae ee ee ee ae as a ak. ce ee a ee es Gs ts ss ee ee ee ee ee hd pase to opponents 1-4:9;0140!0 :-$:-F:-Br-F:0 10:: 0:07:20: 3 onents "Ft O1;O1 O10 sFir- Fi Or F (O30: OF Ses 8 bi tg SLO rS 2 OC: O1Or-SirSri5i 0: oro: Oso 2 _ Foul = offensive Poo eee Eval. Pts. SOLE 2G O10 1018101 OF Bt 0: B10 LIS ee ee ee ee ee ae tee ee ae! ate ew se me See eh Mim Sn ae ee ae came eee a: te a me ee Se ee ee” ee es ee es ees ee a ee eS el ee ee ee ee ee ——e Se ee eee et eet ne meee ee ee es eee ete Naeem SE eens nt rem ney eens See eee Sam teh mt eee eee eet ” TABLE II. © s EVALUATION CHART DATA, NINE GAMES Nine Home Games 4 Non-conference 5 Conference Totals Average Games, Average Games, Average 1. Score 334 2.7 42.0 43.2 2. Goals attempted 554 61.5 68.75 55.% - Goals made 150 16.7 17-0 16.4 . Percentage 2Tel a7 4k 24.7 29.4 5. Free throws attempted yy 16.0 14.0 17.6 6. Free throws made Sy 9.33 8.0 10.4 7. Percentage 58.3 BS .3 B71 59.9 8. Personal fouls 92 10.2 10.5 10.0 9. Offensive personal fouls T 18 25 1.20 10. Violations 33 320 ee 1l. Rebounds. recovered from own backboard 191 21.3 22.0 20.6 12. Rebounds recovered from opponent's backboard 201 2263 19.0 25.0 - Good passes 3232 359.1 374-75 346.6 14. Good catches 3105 345.0 362.0 331.4 15. Wild passes to out of bounie 2h 2.67 2.75 2.60 16. Wild passes to opponents Uy Leg 5.75 44 17. Fumbled ball out of bounds 28 3.1 3.25 3.0 18. Fumbled ball to an opponent a] 30 3.0 3.0 19. Held balla obtained by opponents 2s Sel 2-0 4.0 20. Tapped ball out of bounds 12 1.3 1.25 1.4 21. Tapped and recovered own jump ball 2 «55 05 0.0 22. Recovers teammate's jump ball Q7 10.8 13.75 S44 23. Immediate assists ii? 13.0 13.5 12.6 24. Secondary assists 3g 41.0 11.75 10.4 25. Total evaluation points 9162 1018 1065 980.44 26. Pesitive evaluation points 9821 1091.2 1134 1057.0 27. Negative evaluation points 659 73-2 69 76.6 28. Evaluation points per minute of play 5.09 5.09 5.33 4.9 2g 23.9 23.9 25. 22.7 - Evaluation points per score fH Oo ON ogr awe .- bE OH HH cones GA 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. els Cee CO-6 24. £0. 26. ale 28. TABEL ITI EVALUATION CHART DATA, THREE FINAL HOME CONFERENCE GAMES Opnonent's totals Scoro Goals attempted Goals made percentage Free throws attempted Free throws made Percentage Personal fouls Offensive personal fouls Violations Rebounds recovered from own backbo Rebounds recovered from opponent's backboard Good passes Good catches Wild passes to out of bounds Wild passes t9 opponents Fumbled ball out of bounds Fumbled ball to an opponent Held ball obtained by opponents Tapped ball out of bounds Tapped and recovered own jump ball Recovered teammate's jump ball Immediate assists Secondary assist Total evaluation points Positive evaluation points Negative evaluation points Evaluation points per minute of play 29 Evaluation points per score L102 184. o9 Siac Ad ot 54.5 o6 o 16 arddl o4 60 485 Page 9, Home team 139 165. 56 33.9 42 27 27 3 15 70 78 L025 998 4. 13 10 LO 16 6 O ZO 41. O86 2979 oLls6 237 | 4.97 20.8 REPORT OF THE VISUAL INTERPRETATION Page 10, COMMIT TER Chairman, Nat Holman The purpose of the Visual Interpretation Committee is to clarify and eliminate any particular problems that have come up in our game from time to time. ‘This year we have no particular problem; that is, nothing in particular was called to my attention by Chairman Read, Under the circumstances, I concocted an idea from football games and relayed that idea to the members of my committee to obtain an expres- sion from them on this project. There are a number of football coaches around the country who, at the end of the season, will assemble the touchdown plays from motion pictures taken throughout the season on one reel, which is shown to the boys and at various banquets, and has a great deal of human interest and appeal. What I did will be explained in this brief report I have here, and then wi will go right ahead, "No development in education since the coming of the textbook has held such tremendous possibilities for increasing the effectivo-~ ness of teaching as has the motion picture, produced and used so as to realize its potentialities. But their effective use is predicated upon a thorough understanding of the various contributions which the coaches in our chosen sport can make the instructional process. Textbooks, current athletic poriodicals, summer coaching schools, lectures, and clinics featuring practical demonstrations all have played an important part as teaching aids. However, the ficld of motion pictures in the game of basketball has not been fully explored nor its value truely recognized by those of us teaching the sport. fhe production of the film entitled, "College Basketball", has been prepared in the terms of studing techniques and a detailed analysis of various styles of team play. We hope an enrichment of undprstanding may result from this study, and trust it will provoke thought on the part of those who witness the picture. Seeing makes for better understand- ing. Problems of controversial rule interpretation, rule changse, officiating, play situations, can all be brought home more clearlys# as a result of visual aids. We trust this picturo will be the fore- runner to many such attempts in the future, bringing before our ecyos situations which will create discussion, leading to a more interesting and uniform game. "ome comiittos withes to. uxprcse 2t this tim ite. gnuino -pproce ictisn -n@d thanks to the following coaches who responded to the call and shipped their films to the Chairman: Harold E.Foster, of Wiscon- sins W. H. Browne, of Nebraska; John Bunn, of Stanford; Joe Hutton, of Hamline; Howard Cann, of N.Y.U.3; George Edwards, of Missouri; Sam Barry, of Southern Californias; an Ned Irish, Basketball Dircctor of Madison Square Garden, New York City." "Allowances should be made regarding the selection and choice of the films, this being our first attempt in this direction, ‘The committee attempted to canvass the field for such material and then send it on to the Chairman for the purpose of assembling. There may be far superior films in the hands of other coaches. Knowing of our aims and objectives, we hope those of you who are now taking pictures will keep us posted in the futuro in order to crystallize as well as establish this project on a firmer foundation, This film has been made possible through the gencrosity of the Agfa Ansco Film Corporation, of Binghamton, New York," ey * Page ll. "Dr, James E.Bliss, head of the cinema laboratory at the Western Reserve University, has been kind enough to prepare a paper entitled, 'Let There be Light == Enough!, a discussion of illumination and camera problems for the taking of indoor baskotball motion pictures. Copies of this paper are available to to the members of our Association, and will be distributed shortly. The committee is indeed very gratefulf¥ to Dr, Bliss for his contribution. Those of us who have been taking basketball pictures will find valuable information in his article, In a communication from Dr, Bliss, arriving as late as the twenty-fifth of March, in answer to a lotter of recent date, he asks me to call your attention to the following: 'You can make the point at the meeting that the dark wood on the basketball floor from long use will not reflect light as a lighter color of wood. This may make quite a difference in the photographic value of a given amount of illumination. In other words, results from any suggested lightings may vary from gym to gym. On the whole, tho maximum set-up with the 2000 watt bulb in efficicnt reflectors, 18! to 20' feet in height, will give gocd pictures in almost any gym,! " "At the request of the committec, arrangements were made with lr. Ned Irish, Basketball Director of Madison Square Garden, to have a motion picture taken of the Templo - Colorado basketball game played at the Gardon in the First National Collegiate Championship Tournament. The committec, as well as the Association, wishes to publicly express its appreciation and thanks to Mr. Irish for his kind contribution. His willingness to serve as well as cooperate with this committee has stimulated us to further efforts in the future. ‘These pictures are here and will be shown to you soon," T would be happy to recommend to the Chair that a letter of thanks be sent to Mr, Irish for this very fine thing he has done for us. "Lastly, we have solicited the cooperation of Mr, Leslie Winik, an alumnus of N.Y.U.,to prepare a non-technical article for our members relating his personal experiences in the taking of indoor basketball pictures at the Madison Square Garden, Mr, Winik has been making cole legiate basketball pictures at the Garden for the past four years, and has given us some valuable suggestions. He has had wide experience in this ficld. He has taken gracticly all the football pictures for N.Y.U. and then moved into the Garden to continue his work in the sport of basket ball. Copics of his paper will be distributedto you along with the other data prepared by this committee," "Those of our less fortunate colleages who come from sections of th: country which are so geographically located that they are prevented from being at the intersectional contests, will profit immeasurably by these pictures. They are entertaining, educational, and instructive. The committee will appreciate romarks or criticisms concerning the improve- ment of this undertaking. It is our opinion that the assembling of - . these game pictures into one large roll of films is one of the most forward moving projects ever attempted in the ficld of basketball." ee IMPORTANT NOTICE - "COLLEGE BASKETBALL" is now available for purchase, It is approximately 1300 ft. and requires 50 minutes for projection. The cost is $57.50 including projection reel and humidor can, f.0.b. destination. The National Basketball Coaches Association has authorized me to act as its agent in the distribution of this film for the benefit of basketball coaches. To simplify handling, remittance must accompany your order. This film is not available on either a rental or a loan basis. Mail your orders to Nat Holman, Chairman, Visual Interpretation Committee - City College of New York, New York City, N. Y. TEAM MEMBERS HAVE "C" AVERAGE Pace 12. OR DONT! PLAY . Basketball Coach Allen wants players to carry 'Anti-Flunk Insurance During Season. "Anti-flunk insurance" is the term applied to a requirement for all basketball players, Dr. F. C. Allen, basketball coach has announced. The rule is that all palyers, to be eligible for com- petition, must maintain a "C" average in their academic work. "The player who is just barely above the line of passing . through the early training period, is likely to become ineligible when the strenuous season starts," said Dr. Allen, "If a boy isn't making at least "C" average, he had better pay attention to his books and leave basketball alone. After all, he has come to coll- ege for the purpose of making progress toward graduation. " Dr. Allen added that basketball is one sport that is likely to suffer from ineligibility rules, since its playing season extends from one school semester into another. The "0" average rule applies to freshmen who will compete in the varsity- frosh game, November 29, and to varsity men who hope to make the Texas trip during the Christmas holidays. Starting Monday, the varsity will practice every day at 5:50 and the freshmen four nights a week from 6:30 to 8:00. Dr Allen will coach both squads, and will be assisted in the freshman coaching by some of the varsity men who are physical education majors contemplating a coaching career. The freshman-varsity game of November 29, and the double header, December 3, at the time of the Warrensburg Teachers game, bringing in some Kansas stars of other years, have just been announced as additions to the nonconference schedule. eet crete I el CLINIC AND BASKETBALL GAME AT PENN STATE - BEC. 3, 19358. A basketball clinic, at which there were two hundred and sixty eight cocahes and over four hundred basketball players, At this clinic they demonstrated how to put certain bandages on injured men, discussed the new rules for 1938-39 season, showed several styles of offensive and defensive play. Two high school teams, one from Freeport, Long Island and the other from Williamsport, Pa., played an exhibition game with Freeport winning, 30 - 19. Running comments were made by an official over the public address system, on the different types of offense and defense which the teams used. A foul shooting contest was held after the game with Silver Creek finished sixth out of sixteen teams competing. BASKETBALL ETHICS Page 13. FOR COACHES 1. Instruct your players according to the letter and spirit of the Rules. 2. Insist that your players do not question the judgement decisions of a referee. In disputes covering misinterpretation of rules have your captain call time out and discuss in a gentlemanly manner with the referee the situation in so far as the rules cover it. 5. Treat the visiting team coach with the same friendly attitude that you would hope for when your team played on an opponent's court. 4. Secure honest and capable officials, prefcrably members of the National Association of Approved Basketball Officials. Do not attempt to intimidate them or talk to them prior to the contest regarding the faults of your opponents. It is advisable to stay away from the officials before the game and between the halves. Therr is no one more vitally interested in having a well officia- ted game than the official himself. A basketball official is call- ed upon to make many judgement decisions and occasionally he will make mistakes. Usually, however, the average official does not make the number of mistakes that the average coach or player is guilty of during the course of a game. 5. The Coaching Ethics Committee of the National Association of Basketball Coaches intends making a National Drive to improve specattor sportsmanship. From the reports of our predecessors on this committee we firn that the attitude of the coach on the bench either encourages good spectator and player sportsmanship of throws fuel on the fire of poor sportsmanship which The Nationsl Basketball Coaches Association is attempting to eliminate. If the coach is in the habit of making uncomplimentary gcestrres everytime the official calls a foul on one of his players, then you can be assured that the partisans of his team will bresk loose in their loud disapproval of the decision. This condetion sometimes leads to worse situations on the court as spectators exercise a rremendous influence in de- termining the sportsmanship attitude of the lack of it among the contestants. 6. The coach should make efforts prior th the oponing of the season to encourage good specaator sportsmanship. This can be acc- omplished if the coach would request The College Dean of The High School Principal for permission th address one of the school assenb lies prior to the opening of the basketball schedule. Notices in the school's weekly publication before the season opens is another means, especially in large universities where it is implssible to cottact directly all the students. Sinilar prblicety in the locel newspapers may help educare local fans who ere not connected with the institution, The coach should stress the fact that it is un- ethical, unsportsmanlike, and ungentlemenly for a student or spec- Page 14. tators to regard the opposing team players as friendly revals, who happen to be the guests of the institution, and not as hated opponents. Making kisconcerting noises when an opposing player is attempting a free throv and booing an opponent are the principal faults in unsportsmanlike conduct. It is advisable for coaches to seek the co-operation of other members of the faculty in helping promote good sportsmanship among the student body. A brief comment in a class or group by a teacher or professor, not directly con- nected with the athletic association, nay help students continue good sportsmanship within their own school.Conduct at basketball games, as well as at other athletic activetics, actually is the school's course in sportsmanship. 7 ?: Instill in your players that in a competitive snort like basketball it is necessary for a boy or youns man to frequently mobilize during the course of a game all the skill, intelligence and courage that he possesses; to do this when ovposed by competent opponents endoved with similar ability and purpose; to do this with a spirit of genuine sportsmanship that will not permit him to stoop to that which is base and mean in order to secure some advantage over his opponent. 8. Quite a few natural rival basketball sames among various school and university teams are not scheduled because the athletic authovities fecl that the conduct of partisan spectators would con- stitute such a nuisance, and possibly such a disturbance, that such sames are not arranged. 9, Emphasize to your players that when any of them descend to unsportsmanlike conduct or action during the course of a basketball game that they injure hundreds of other persons other than them- selves. Each phayer is a representative of his institution. If he violates the principles of good speortsmanshin he brings dissrece upon the institution and the entire student body. 10. Basketball is a sport that was orivineted in an educational institution. Ever since its himble beginning the game has been ad- ministered princivally by basketball authorities associated with educational institutions. The popularity cof the game has become so widespread that it now embraces numerous types of leagues. The leaders od this latter rroup look to the school and college division for the sportsmanship traditions of the game. Let us resolve that we shall sect a good example by regarding it as a duty to teach and encourage good sportsmanship among our players and the other members of the student body, but what is equally and perhaps more important let us regard it as an obligation to practise the ideal peinciples of good sportsmanship ourselves. John J. Gallarner, Cnairman, Coaching Ethics Comnittee, National Associntion of Basketball Coaches. EDITOR'S COMMENT ON THE THREE Pace 15. SECOND RULE. At our last convention the three (3) second rule seemed to your editor as the most important change in the basketball rules. Roy Clifford of Western Reserve University - first moved that the three second rule on the back half of the foul circle be Lifted. This meant the outer half of the foul circle away from the basket, with or without the ball. By freeing this area Roy thought that we would add more playing space to the playing floor, and not get into the same trouble we had with the old pivot play under the basket. The motion was lost 36 - 44. Then Nat Holman of the College of the City of New York moved that ‘a player be entitled to assume a position in the area between the fovl line and the outer circle, he having the three second restriction if ho has the ball. After e very favor- able comment by Keogan of Notre Dame and remarks by Mr. Bunn to, the coaches voted 42 - 25 in favor,and that the Questionnaire sent out throughout the United State " Would you favor entirely renoving the three second lane limitation, kad 1128 to entirely remove it, and 1792 not to entirely remove it, tne motion was carried 87 in favor and none against. Now why did all the coaches present vote for this rule? Because they were sick and tired of having compact zone defenses, and wanted to bring back a better game by opening up a larger area for the offensive team to operate in. At a meeting of the New England College Basketball Coaches the three second rule was the big discussion. Most very ecach present seemed to be up in the air on its interpretition. Questions were asked as follows: | (1) Could a player stand in the outer half of the foul circle, without ball, back up for say two seconds in the free throw area and then step into the outer half of the circle. (2) Could a player without ball pivot into the free throw area, holding one foot on the floor in the outer half of the circle. (3) Was the three second rule on if a player without the ball came to a sudden stop inside the free throw lance, then moved. into the outer half of the circle and reesived the ball innediately. (4) Was the three second rule on if a palyer cut from the free throw area into the front half of the circle and then came to a sudden stop. To your editor the coaches were trying to meke it difficult for the officials to interpret this three second rule, and they said that nowhere in the rule did it explain this; so he explained to them that unless they took a fair and sane attitude toward this rule thet it would probably be read out of the rule book in the very near future. We all know why the rule was stricken out viz. pecause coaches did not want the rough-house stopped and officials would not call a foul on the offensive or defensive man. In some games everything was allowed from monkey-clinbing by the defensive man to feeling for the opponent by the offensive man. - Terrible con- tact but no foul. Page 16. Mr. Oswald Tower, the official interpreter of our rules came to the rescue, and he saved the cay. The coaches cortrinly tricd to put him on the spot, but he was equal te the occasion. He was bombarded with intricate questions and plays which might result in one basket in a game, and vas on the hazy side of the rule, So Mr. Tover offered his official interpretation of the three second rule, which is as follows. " The following applics to a player ho is in his free throw lane while his team is in control of the ball: If he cones to a stop inside the free throw lane, then moves into the outer half of the circle and receives the ball immediately, the count is continuous from the time he first enters the lane until he gets rid of the ball or moves out of the lance. If he does not receive the ball immediately, the count ceases when he reaches the outer half of the circle, and a new count bezins if he later receives the ball. In no other case is the time he is inside the free throw lane, without the ball, added to the time he is in the outcr half of the cirele, The foreroing interpretation restricts attempts to defeat the purpose of the three second rule, without unduly Limiting legitimate plays which start inside the froe thro Line, S: Se Absolutely not] 4, To a cortain cxtont, coaches : 4. Unfair’to toams. more responsible. : & If properly donc. : 6. Only in school games, ; 7, Only under championship gamo *: conditions. : 8, Occasionally. "III. Do you think that signs reminding the fans not to boo aid the situation? : Total Answering ico Yes 73 No oe 1. If done properly ¢ Lb sVory 24¢tic 2 ? : 2.Not much S, If a word about sport- : Home coach responsible/ smanship or hospitality : is added : 4, If done tactfully. Dd. Somewhat G, df avononted by talka %o the student body. 7. IG might neip. "IV. Do you think the names of the officials should be announced to the crowd or in the press prior to the game? Total Answering 124 Yes 4 ae No So”? - Doesn't make much differ- ; 1. O.K. “on the programs. ence, ; 2. OnLy kn the. press To the crowd, but not the o. Only on the prograns. press. No uarm either way. Hung up on scoreboard with Linc-up. At game time only If ne is good enouzh to georve as referee Tor. the game, why not let the fans know it? CA OW en Si "V. Arc you in favor of three officials working a game? Total Answering 143 tos 61s No 125 1. In certain games 1. Why? 2. Has merit. 2. Tried it several years ago. "VI, Are you in favor of having only one official? Total Answering L235 Yes x No aiak 1. Some games can be handled 1. Two are nocessaary. better by one official than by two. Voting & Comments, Contd. "VII. Have the radio commentators and press helped or hindered officials in maintaining pleasant relationships with the crovd? Total Ansvering 116 Yes 82 No 31. 1, Depends on press and radio 1. Should cducate people on personnel. rules and vivclations. 2. Radio helped most 2. Radio commentators 09 Oo. Depends on announcer. frequently zucss what 4, They can. decision the officials 5, Neither, are going to make. 6. Helpud but little, there has 3. Have not helped as much as they not been enough written on =~ ennid. the subject for the public 4. Hindered, radio in particular. 86. eed. 5, Hindered, because they are not 7%. Dopends on the press... _ quelified in.a great many 8. Never tried in this section. instances. 9. Yos, the ethical ones. 6, Attacking authority is popular 10.Yes, where a commentator or cesture. columnist thinks it is his 7. So ve have hindered very much. business to get personal animosity grudges. "VIII. Have coaches instructed their players to play ‘according to the rule book'# Total Answering 142 Yes . 82 aD. 60 1. I believe most of thom have. 1, Not enough. I'd hate to think otherwise. 2. Cannot be done. 3, ‘EInsttil -'‘get.all-you-can’ _ attitude in minds of players. 4, Few have. 5. Sometines doubtful. 6. No, they tell them to play according to the way he thinks that particular official calls them. "IX. If all the games of basketball were played very definitely according to the rule book would our situation be improved, references made here to a wide differc..ce of opinion regarding actions and results of interpretation meetings ? Total Answering 130 Yes 94 Ho 60 1. Anything for a more uniform 1. Can't be done, . interpretation. 2. Game would be over- 2. DeTiniterys: officiated. 3. Improved in that officiating % Doubtrul. would be more uniforn. : 4, What we neod is a good slow 4, Intentional violations motion picture on interpreta- should be Ciscourasged by tions. coach. Voting & comments Contd. "X, Would the discontinuation of 'four fouls and cut! inprove conditions? Total Answering 141 208. To No 68 1. Yos, if disqualifying 1, Increase to five, make sure rule were enforced rigidly, last one is a gond foul. and if playor could re-conter 2. Would make game more rough next quarter after being re- 3. Suggest removal of playor. moved on four fouls who makes three fouls in 2. Sugeest three cach half. either half for remaining time in that period. Disqualificat- ion of player at beginning of second half due mainly to fouls committed in first half is too severe. 4, Why not ‘try it? "XI. Would an appeal on the part of rosponsible athletic heads at the start of the game help? Total Answering 141 Yes 94 fe 4'7 1. It depends on respect held » Too embarrassing. for person making announce- Such acticn calls attention t9 ment. evil and tends to stimulate it. 2 A sportsmanship prozrem on « Appeal should be demanded at the campus with better men start of serson. men taking the lead. , No, not before games but at 35. Los, when necessary. all times. Woak means of doing it. In most cases, athictic head and coach are one and same orson and why increase his pre-grne duties? iO i y+ CA QO) Oi "XTI. Should officials remain at the scoring board table between halves? Total Ansvering 142 208. OS No 128 1. In field houses 1, Shouldn't talk with the 2e Stay away from coaches. coaches or players. 2, Would subject thom to ridicule and embarrassenent. "XTII. Would our situation be improved if officials were given an opportunity to rate the coaches, crowds, and players regarding their attitude toward the game and the officiating? Total Answering 125 Yes 78 No A5 Voting and comments Contd. 1, It would have to be done 1. No, unless a penalty could be secretly, of course. _ assessed in cases where sports- 2. It.is-done in the Illinois _manship is usually bad. High School Assn. and I do 2. Too combarrassing. not belicve the privilege 5. Their opinions would be in- is abused. _ flueneed by possible future 5S. Would, if unbiased. reaction of crowds criticized. 4. In vrivate, but publication 4. Didn't work out in our would ruin official. _ Association because officials were afraid to rate coach. 5. No, but report any obnoxious conduct on part of coach or principal. 6. Have commissioner assign coaches, then coaches could not ruin then. "XIV. - - COMMENTS. "TI believe that there is such a difference in officiating and coaching even within states that it is next to impossible to get any uniform officiating. Schools for officiating are necded. "I believe coaches can cducate their students to be good sports, either by talks, articles in the college paper, or dis- cussion with their squads. "In so far as possible it might help to pair off officials and have them work games in teams. "College and university players, expertly and intensively coached, should be able to play the game according to the book and oliminate leeway in traveling and conduct, which are con- sidered necessary in modern 'big time! basketball. The real pressure for calling ‘em according to the book must come from the coaches, whose influence started the 'not too close' trend some years ago. "Fans, players, coaches, can be controlled if administrative officers care to make the cffort. "The problems referred to here seem to me to apply to hotly contested games in certain communities. It is not wide spread in the western section of [Tllinois. School officials by proper conduct, themselves, and a building up of a sportsmaniike attitude on the part of the local crowds could do a ereat deal, A psy- chological move to get people to look for the official's good points would help. Comments, Contd. "The officials are not covering the floor properly. When a player makes a break for a basket one official should shift to a position directly under the basket, Most of the fouls are made in this territory. Not only that, but you must be in position to catch the out of bounds on the end Lincs. The biggest thing in officiat- ing is position on the floor. Officials are trying £9 eet by to easy and are not working tosether. Officials should work together and zo down and under at all times. "I believe that if the 'center jump' is still to be out the following season, the climination cf the ten second rule would bring back some of the lost science and retard the specd of the ane. "A mile to enforce the chasing of a conch (as in baseball) whe continually « ‘ots off the bench and yells at the oseeeer tes would be a sreat ‘help to kee GPEne order. "Officials should not te ‘ke cames after a night same has been accepted, except by consent of the schools involved in the latter rame. "T believe uniform interpreta Sous by officials, coaches, and conferences and a bettor understanding of the mule book by players would help are "With the stcady inerones of interes ctional ball games we are very much in need of standard officiating anc interpretations. The only answer I ean sec is to call then accordins to the bork instead of to each confemencet&: desires. j "lL think the ca wptain of a. team can aid in the problem of booing. He can raise his hands and in this way make a silent ap. ‘eal. His reaction with the officials will dominate a bellircer- ent crovd. Fans should be instructcd over a loud speaker for what reason the foul vas called. "TJ would like to see four feet between banker and end line. oa a. eee ae ae "Tn our section the crowd have been fricndly,. Unfricndly situations have been found to develop in reflecting the attitudes of the 'suspicious' coaches. Officials sometimes arc too a during the interval preceding a gane and favors are sonctime oxpected,. " Belicve officials can help themselves. The patrons yo to sanes to see the players, not the officials. The more the officials are kept out of the si ec ahd the better thincs will be. "Tt is ny belicf that a series of newspaver articles pub- lished. from coast to coast just prior to the opening of baksetball serson, in which the rules would be discussed and plays which cause most trouble to officinls bo explained, it would help more than any other thing, Comments, Contd. "Officials mizht appear more dignified and enjoy better receptions from crowds if some other wearing apnarel than the usual striped shirt could be dcesisned. "Partly due to the new ruling climinating center junp and partly due to lack of training, boys cot tired before the end of the same and fouling increases considerably. "Good officiatine, correct attitudes developed by administ- rators and most problems are solved. "I fool that we are improving cach year with our officials, as this is a very tough problem. I always fcel men who have worked tog ther should be pnired off, if possible. "IT believe that officials should be allowed to 'call them! according to rules, as lone as the rules are as they are. Special rulings, or interpretations for leeway in interpretation by individual conferences is harmful. UPosiivilitw of ayarding trophy to school showing best sportsmansnip. "On question No. 13, a conparative rating list should have a tendency to make schocl officials in char;;e willing to ‘1rke an effort to place their school hish in the listing, "Tremendous improvement in basketball last few years proves coaches are right in conscientiously striving to improve gane further, "Heads of schools and athictic directors could help very nuch by controlling the crowd and cducating them, Also the actions of the coach are takon up by the crowd, "I would like to sec free throws given a man fouled only when he is in scoring territory, say, thirty feet of basket, On fouls called elsewhere, sive the man fouled the ball out of bounds and charse the man with the foul same as now. Possession of ball not a free throw is enough penalty to give for a foul like this, as he couldn't have scored anyhow. "Speaking from a general standpoint, I will state that I believe the ereat difference in interpretations in different sections of the United States is due primarily to the coaches getting together and placing personal or group interpretations on the rules. If each section of the country vould adhere to a strict interpretation of the rules as drawn up by our Rules Committee, I believe the situation vould clarify itself. "We believe that if the coach refrains from ‘setting on! the official, his players will do likewise and the spectators will follow the players in this respect. In short, if the coaches and players abide by all decisions of the official, you will find the spectators following suit. meee Comments, Conte. "T believe the action of basketball coach has more to do with the actions of the crowd than any other one thing. When a foul is called, the first thins: the crowd docs is look at the coach. His actions sovern théir actions. "Your crowd behaves according to the actions of the players on the bench. If the coaches, trainers, and pleyers maintain a fair attitude you can eliminate some ot the present situation. "T believe thet the third official is a necd at present, but: some schools are sesrcely financially s>dle to pay one official. In question No. 9, the interpretation moctings help to officiatcnore - more unifornly. In question No.13, I belicve the coach is - Littse more c»reful innctions if he knows he is being reted. "Pool thet enllin: of technicrls is . bit over-emphrsizec this yeor. Feel tht enlling of three fouls each half vould relicve pressure on players, crowd, ctc. Put playor out until end of half if throe sre ealiled, "T don't think the officials are at fault. It's the conferences. Ench conferenco wants n different interpretation put on the various rules insteed of following the rule book. Besket- mall is supposedly a non-cantact game. It is setting to de worse than footbell in Indiana and Ohio. "T feel all associations should have more pover over coaches. They are the trouble makers usually, andi I feel if we had the povrer to blacklist schools because of the conches! actions, 2fter a fair investigation, they would respect us 9 creat ‘eal more. | Every coach hes his frion’s among officinls, I knov, but I feel strongly no official is going out and deliberately throw a gene. Everyone makes mistakes, out the more I see of it after fourtecon years of officiating, It is getting more nnd more so that the coaches blame officials for losing a gane. It is just a good way for a coach to pass the buck because of his own lack of, or poor judgement in handling his players. "Sugeest removal of player who makes threc fouls in either half for remaining time in the period. Disqualification of player at besinnint of second half due mainly to fouls committed in first half is too severe a penalty and frequently decides the result of a game. "Leave the game alone. Too much rule changing hurts the game, and I would like te see the game go back to the rules of 1928, "The one rule to help coaches-officials relationship is to keep coaches completely out of the officials' dressing rooms before and after the same -- even the winning coach. Comnents, Contd, "There has been too much of the official who wants to -ls per year and certainly I understand sene >f the problems the Officials Committee is trying to solve. "As far as better relations between coaches and officials are concerned, I believe it would be a good plan to have some- thing in the rule book prohibiting coaches talking to officials before and after, even between halves of the gane. I think that a good portion of the criticism of officiating lies with the coaches. They know the rules and interpretations and should coach their men accordingly. "In conclusion, it is apparent that the following avenues are open to all those interested in pnisketball, whether the ind- ividual be an official, coach, spectator, or playcr: "1. The responsibility for the conduct of the syectators at a basketball zame should be shared cqually between the coaches, officials, spectators, and players. It is a local problem. Yo, All responsidlé..individuals are desirous of coxperating but as yet have not found a definite understanding of each other's problens.. "3, An increased number of meetings to discuss problems relative to basketball will naturally result in a better under- standing by all partics. "4, The enme should be coached and played according to the rule book. "5, We all represent a part in the responsibilities and oblizations of promoting the welfare of basketball, and therefore taking an inventory of our conduct will produce improved conditions. "Respectfully sudnitted, "Marshall J. Diebold Director of Athletics Carleton College Northfield, Minnesota." Recommendations of the National Association of Basketball Coaches to the National Basket- ball Rules Committee. April 5, 1938 Chicago, I11. Rule @, Section 2 Partial extension of the end lines. Extend the middle portion of the end lines by drawing an arc with a radius of 24 fect with the center at the outer cdge of the foul circle, where it intersects the long axis of the court. This arc shall act as an extension of the end line and shall terminate where the are intersects the present end line. (Carried 27 to 7). Rule 8, Section 5 -Blimination of the center jump. Approval of the present rule concerning the climination of the center jump was voted 56 to 4. Rule 8, Section 8 (note) Ten second rule It is recommended that the interpretation of the center court line violations as stated in the rule for 1937 is preferable to the interpretation as stated in the rules for 1938. (Carried 48 to 3) Rule 11, Section 2 Length of time-outs. That charged time-outs may consume two minutes, (Carried Yi to 1 3 Rule 11, Section 4 Number of time-outs per team per game. That each team shall be granted five charged time-outs during a game. (Carried 55 to 7) Rule 14 and 15 Penalties. When a free throw is awarded to a team it may choose to take possession of the ball out of bounds at the center line rather than attempt the free throw. In each case the foul shall be charged against the offender. (Carricd 37 to 0) Comments on the rules, page 29, Blooking. The present explanation of blocking and screening meets the approval of this Association, (Carried 66 to 0) Rule 14, Section 12 Three second rule. A player without the ball may remain in that half of the free throw circle which is nearer to the center of the court with- out violation being called. If he is in this areca with the ball in his possession the present three second rule applics. Othervise the present three second rule in all of its applications is acceptable, (Carried 87 to 0 ) meee me BOUNDS AND REBOUNDS FROM THE COURT. When a basketball player. makes 18 points now-a-days it is not news. But when a basketball player makes all 18 points for his team and wins that is news. Eugene Paulson, forward of Saint Peter and Paul team did the above in a contest with the St. Margaret Mary cagers at Duluth, Minn. Score 18 - 15. University of Pittsburg, is thinking of resigning from the Eastern Intcrcollegiate Basketball Conference. When Athletic Director James Hagen presented Pitts'resignation, because of too difficult a schedule, th@ conference voted to table it. Bob Allen of Kansas, Jimmy Usilton, Jr. of Temple and Warner Keancy of Rhode Island State are sons of their tcams coaches. Bob Dunbar of the Boston Herald's sporting Department says "Those Rhode Island Rams are to New England basketball what the Yankees are to baseball. At the same time the Rams' Captain, Chet Jaworski, might ell be called the Babe Ruth of college basketball, because of his remarkable scoring performances during his four years at Kingston. For more than four years the basketball double headers in Medison Square Garden have averaged more than 12,000, which is far above the average of boxing and ice hockey. Nat Holman is preparing a series of illustrated articles for the "Ken" masazine entitled "Inside Basketball" . This should prove to be a definite contribution to the game. The aim and purpose of the serics is to educate the average person sitting in the stan’s on the various play situations that arise during the COUPES OF ChG came, mm ee & Members of the Association are ursed to give the moving pictures entitled "Collese Basketball," which the Agfa Ansco~ Film Corporation has put on the market for our organization wide py tere as the films are interesting and instructive. This is € same pictures which were shown at the Chicago N.B.C.A. Con- nonteee eee April and was enthusiastically received by its