tne INTERNATIONAL GROWTH OF BASKETBALL" By Dr. Fortest 0. Allen Head Basketball Coach, Univ. of Kans, Perhaps there is no game in all the world that enjoys the game possibilities for international uniformity as does basketball. Why not include this sport on our next Olympic calendar? los Angeles in 1932. ; At present, it is estimated by authorities that there are eighteen million people playing this indoor game, | India, Prance, Italy. Japan, the Phillippine Islands, China, Persia, Czechoslovakia, Turkey, Greece, Mexico, Canada, Poland, Russia, and Germany, as well as the South American countries, have been playing basketball for several years and today are turning out creditable teams. “Some of these countries had their introduction to the game of basketball almost simultaneous with the inventor's first draft. The first printed copy of the basketball rules appeared in "The Triangle", the International Y.M.C.A. school paper, Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1892. At this time, Dr. James Naismith and Dr. Luther H. Gulick were co-editors of the Triangle, and, because of lack of available funds for printing, they deemed it both wise and expedient to get the rules in printed form in this way. Because of this and because of its origin at Springfield, basketball has spread uniformly to all nations of the globe. The Y.M.C.A. secretaries who were sent out from the Springfield school carried the knowledge of the game along with their other work into "ell the world" and taught its principles to all peoples. Duncan Patton, a "Y'" graduate, implanted the game in India, in 1894. Emil Thies, another graduate of the Springfield Y.M.C.A. gchool returned to his native country, France, in 1895, and es- tablished the game there. In 1898, Dr. F. N. Seerley, at present Dean of the Springfield, Massachusetts Y.M.C.A. Training School, secured a leave of absence to spend the year in France. During Dr. Seerley's stay in the land of the fleur-de-lis, he did much to extend the interests of basketball--already well established by Thies. Italy has played the game for a number of years~--per- haps taking up the game through contact with its neighbor, France. At the Intcr-allied Games in the Pershing Stadium, outside of Paris, in June, .1919, the United States, in a series of games for the championship, defeated both France and Italy. Ishakawa, another "Y" student, took the game to Japan, his native land, in 1900. Ernest Quigley, the National League umpire and major sports official, several months ago wrote me from Japan that basketball had taken an unusual hold upon the Orientals. He stated that great throngs of spectators attend all games. Our United States soldiers established basketball in the Philippine Islands during the same year that Ishakawa took it to his land of Japan. China is indebted for the game to four men, Galey, Robertson, Exner, and Siler. Robert Galey, a former center in football at Princeton, left Springfield in 1904 for Tientsin to establish both missions and the game of basketball in North China. J. Robertson, in 1905, followed his colleague to Ticntsin to assist in the inten- sive development of this work. Dr. Max. J. Exner, a medical #2 The Tnternationsl Growtn ci’ Basketball. missionary, went to Kast China in 1908, ana figured prominently in the cxtensive development of the game there. Dr. Charles Siler, a Yousue cage Athlete, and also a medical missionary, left the states fo 7.912, China-bound, to add a further eontribution to the game, in tn? wey of his personal knowledge of scientific basketball. C, Herck, another Springficld man, transplanted the game in Persi.c a3 carly as 1901. In 1924, Roberts College in Constantinople became the first college in a forcign land to incorporate basketball in ius curriculum. Chester N. Tobin has done much for the game in Turxey. In 1924, he brought about the publication of the first translation of the American Basketball Rules into the Turkish lanpuege. Many of the pictures of American players were reproduced in. this book oF Puces, | Today, the game is enjoying a rapid and enthusiastic growth sn she land of the Moslem. Louis W. Riess has done for Greece what Tobin did for Turkey. He has translated the American game into Greek. Salonica was the birthplace of basketball in Greece. The game in Mexico is well established. H. C. Aguirre of the University of Mexico, City of Mexico, and T. B. Rodriguez, at Chiluahua, both graduates of the Y.M.C.A. school at Springfield, Lave done much to promote the game in that republic. At present we are in communication with Mexican basketball teams who are desiring to make a tour through the United States. In Canada, hockey is the big game among the men, although basketball is growing in proportion to the growth of indoor play=- ing space, much of which is now under construction in the dominion. Canada possesses the World's Champion Girls! Basketball Team in the personnel of the Commercial Grades of Edmonton, Alberta. This team has successfully defended its laurels both in this country and in Europe. Coach J. P. Page has tutored this quintette for eight or nine years. After the Armistice was signed, two American teams, by in- vitation from the British government, demonstrated basketball in the British area of the war zone. The English took to it readily. In the earlier days in England, basketball was introduced as a giri*s game. Until a little more than a decade ago, the British did not know that there was a game of basketball for men. In Poland and Russia, where the cold weather prohibits out- door play, the lack of large indoor playing spaces is a hindrance to the game. Czechoslovakia received the game with open arms in 1920. In the last decade, the World War has contributed its share of advancement to the play program of Germany. Many years have passed since the American Army of Occupation vacated German soil, tut it left behind something that it could not take away. That something was the American enthusiasm for Sports and Games. The results of the Olympic Games of 1928 verify the above assertion. Germany assembled the largest Olympic group of competitive partici- pants for the try-outs, ef any country in the world. A wap-weary world turned “en masse" to recreation through sports and games. Very early we learned that the whole is equal to the sum of ats parts. Basketball is one of these parts. Germany is now taking up basketball with an enthusiasm unsurpassed. To the immense pop- ulation in her crowded and congested areas this sport. has particular #3, The International Grewth of Basketball. appusi. This country has long cconomized in play space. Her gymnasiums have for enbie Les been the gathering places for her Tuenverein-her men of exceptional physical skill. ‘These gymnasiums ore new Deing turned over to basketball and other indoor sports. Basxetball is Olympic bound. Tho Gorman physique, big ond powerful, and the German mind, oroarcssive and inventive, are especially adapted to basketbail, The only thing that will prevent the rapid growth of basketball in Cernary wiht Be her failure to build large arenas rapidly enough to ixecp pace with hor onthusiasm for hor new national play-program. Practically covery forcign country has fashioned its basket- ball puled aftcr our American gone. The reason. for this is seif- evident. They look to us as the mother country in this sport and havo a right to expect guidance in formulating rulos and in shaping thei? tdeals.. or sportmanship. if it nes not already beoh done, 1t would be a splendid service for the Joint Basketball Rules Committce to render, if conics of the Code of Sportmanship, translated into every language where the game has gone, could be sent to these foreign neighbors. Such efforts most certainly codify sports and keep-us:in touch with the athlotic leaders of other lands. I lmow of no finer message to send to the workers in remote lands than that contained in the words of. the code. Keep tho Tuies. Keep faith with your. comrades. Neep your temper. Koep yoursolf fit, Koon a2 stout bourne 2p defeat. Keon your pride under in victory. Keep a sound. soul, a e¢lean mind, and a healthy body. REPORT OF THE ALYMPIC COMMITTEE ON BASKETBALL Mr. President: ~ . | Your chairman wishes to present the sean of the Olympic Committee on Basket Ball. We began early in 1928 to interest our local and foreign Prints in having basket ball incorporated in the X Olympiad to be held in Los Angeles in 1932. The local men contacted were Avery Brundage, president of the A, A. U. of the United States, Daniel J. Ferris, secre- tary-treasurer of the A.-A, U., and Frederic W. Rubien, secretary of the American Olympic Committee. Mr. Daniel J. Ferris' suggestion of July 26, 1929, was: "that you address a communication to the American Olympic Committee, asking that they go on record as favoring basket ball as one of the optional events on the Olympic program at Los Angeles in 1932. Fersonally, I feel that there will be so much objection by foreign countries to basket bali that it will be impossible to have it listed. They will contend that so few countries are playing the game that it should not be included as one of the Olympic Sports. However, this should not prevent you from making every effort to have basket ball included." Mr. Avery Brundage stated in his letter of August 23, 1929, shat: "Last year at Amsterdam, a new International Federa- sion was formed to take jurisdiction over the games of handball, basket ball, and the German game called field handball. If I am not mistaken, I am one of the officers of this International Federation. The program for the Olympic Games at Los angeles will be setsied at the next meeting of the Uxecutive Committee of the International Olympic Committee, which will be held next ee = a Fw Spring in Germany. The proper procedure to follow to have basket ball added to the program for 1932, is to take the matter up with the American Olympic Committee, have them approve the idea, and present it to the International Committee. It will probably be very difficult to accomplish this at this time, since the Ameri- can game of basket ball is not played to any oxtent other than in the United States. As I understand it, the tendency of recent years has been more toward cutting down the Olympic program rather than expanding it, a policy with which I personally am not in accord. I think the first thing for you to do is to draw up a brief outlining the reasons for addimg basket ball to the Olympic program, and send it to Frederick W. Rubien, secretary of the American Olympic Association, with the request that he bring it before the next meeting of that organization. Since it may take some time to accomplish your end, the quicker Lt is sterted, the better. You know, bos Angeles began working to secure the Clympic Games over twelve years in advance." We immediately conferred with :ir. Frederick W. Rudien of the American Olympic Committee asking him to present this to his Committee for approval and eiso enclosed to him copy cf the Athletic Journal which contained the article that we hed written for Mator John i. Griffith, entitled "The Inter- rations. Growth of Basket Eal:’ 2 lix. Rubien's reply of November 1, 1929, follows: "Thark you for your cordial communication of October 4. I en sleasod to nete the splendid progress you are maicag. ho mesting has Deen scheduled for the Americar Olympic Association a3 = out one will have to be held before May 1950, at which time the tinioseg as tee thbemnetionsl @ipewto Committes will te held to decide uvon the program for the 1932 Olympic Games. In compliance with your request, I am enclosing herewith the. list OL crgani zations holding membership in the American Olympic Association together with their addresses. I duly received the ocpies of the Athletic Journal which contained the highly in- teresting article on the international growth of basket ball. Please accept my thanks for same." Among the sixty-six organizations holding member- ship in the American Olympic Association are cane aS We circularized these many members seeking their support for basket ball, fully realizing that some of these organizations holding membership were desirous of seeing their sport listed among the Olympic Games competition. On September 9, 1929, Mr. Brundage wrote as follows: "This will acknowledge your lctter of September 6th relative to adding basket ball to the Olympic program. As it happens, Mr. J. Sigfrid Edstrom, president of the International Amateur Athletic Federation, which is the body controlling track and field sports throughout the world, and also a member of the International Olympic Committee, is in America at the present time, and I had a talk with him just last week when he was in Chicago. In the discussion, I brought up the matter of adding basket ball to the Olympic program. The general feeling is, as I thin I stated before, to cut down the program rather than XXXX Sec rostor of members in amcrican Olympic -«ssociation at close of report. ‘és enierge it. However, I was somewhat surprised at the informa- blon given in your letter and I have no doubt that Mr. Edstrom woulé be interested in learning of the growth of basket ball in various fereign countries. You might write him care of William Garland, president of the Los Angeles Athletic Club, but you will have to do this at once since he is now on his way to Los Angeles and I am not sure how long he will stay there. Better send your letter Air Mail. In the event basket ball cannot be added to the program, sometimes the country holding the games is allowed to include one or two national sports, and in addition, sometimes demonstrations of sports not on the program are given. For instance, there were some La Crosse games last year in Amsterdam. Perhaps a letter to Edstrom will do some good." A letter was immediately dispatched to Mr. Edstrom, to which he replied: "Your kind letter of September 13, has reached me here on the eve of my departure for Yokohama. I fully appreciate the importance of the sport of basket ball. During the time I provisionally acted as chairman of the Inter- national Handball Federation, we made an application with the International Olympic Committee that hand ball and basket ball be a part of the Olympic Games. Said application is going to be decided on at the Olympic Congress at Berlin Germany ‘6 May next year. Knowing the sentiment within the International Olympic Committee, I know, however, that the application will be rejected. The Olympic program is already too full and it is almost impossible to carry out the games within the period of a -“ 5.= fortnight. There is a possibility, however, that at the Olympic favnax at Los Angeles in 1932, basket ball will be added to the wrcorem orovided the American organizing committee so proposes. he aperiean Olympic Committee has the right to propose one netional sport and one foreign sport on the progran. " Appeals were made to Secretary Rubien of the Olympic Committee and to authorities of organizations promoting basket ball in the United States including the ¥ MC A, National Collegiate A A and Amateur Athletic Union to go on record endorsing the ad- dition of basket ball to the Olympic program at Los Angeles in 1932. Mr, Ferris then introduced a resolution at the National AAU meeting at 8t. Louis in November, 1929, petitioning for basket ball as an Olympic sport. Requast was made of the American Olympic Committee to support the application for basket ball before the Olympic Congress in Berlin. Cormunications went to the authorized representatives in the foreign eduntrics. In Mexico we enlisted tho aid of Mr. A. A. Aguirri and Mr. T. L. Rodriguoz at Chihauhauand, Mr. L. Ochoa at Mexico City, also Mr. Sohaku Ri at Waseda University, Tokio, Mr. Akira Oshida at Mei ji University, Tokio, also Mr. Elmer Berry at Geneva, Switz- erland, Mr. Val Bouryschkine at Paris, France, Mr. J. H. Crocker at London, Ontario, Canada, Mr. Charles S. Jones at Vancouver, British Columbia, Mr. Renato Jones at Rome, Italy. Through the kindness of Dr. Naismith we constantly contactcd forcign representatives who assisted in our venture. On October 15, 1929, President Avery Brundage sug- gested that we circularize our baskct ball colleagues in Southern California, Messrs. Sam Barry, Dic, Rutherford, a host of coaches and othcr interested individuals in this district, asking their aid and cooperation. We were confident it would be impossible to obtain basket ball as one of the regularly scheduled sports on the Olympic program duc to a lotter written by Mr. Frederick W. Rubien on October lst, 1929, as follows: "Mr. Edstrom is a very snPiienbial menber of the International Olympic Committee and his sentinmonts carry great weight. What he says is truc. The American Olympic beeeihbtes will have the right to propose one national sport and one foreign sport on the Olympic progran, It will be necessary to arouse sontinont in this country as to what event the American Olympic Committee should propose for its national sport. Thore are so many sports not on. the Olympic program, for which representatives are clamoring for recognition, that there is likely to be quite oa contost. -It would be well to sound out forcign countries to find out whether there would be ropresentation, in addition to that from our. own country. We followed that nethod in securing the adoption of La crosse at the last gamcs, toams representing Canada, England and the United States taking part, but I do not think the game took very woll. a crosse is gaining strength here and will be clamoring for rocognition again; so will canoeing, rugby, all kinds of shooting, tennis and billiards. kLos Angcles ona California will probably be interosted in an covent that would appeal to the BrPocatost Munver ef poopie and on account of the reputation that California has achievod in. tonnis and from correspondence that I have had with Mr. Garland of tho Los angeolos Cormittoo, I rather think that they would favor tennis over any other sport." - 7 wo On October 7, 1950, President Brundage abate as follows: "Replying to your letter of October 6th, 1930, the tendency during the last few Olympiads on the International Organizing Committee has been to limit the number of sports on the program of the Olympic Games. It was impossible to add any sports at the meeting in Berlin since the duration of the games was limited to sixteen days. The Organizing Committee of the Games, however, has the right to put on two demonstra- tions. Among other sports recommended was basket ball and I personally advocated to the Los Angeles representatives who were there, that is, William Garland, president of the Organiz+ ing Cormittee and Zack Farmer, Manager of the Games, the ad- vantage that would accrue from using this sport as one of the demonstrations. Furthermore, I took the matter up at the International Federation meeting whore many reports were given of the increasing popularity of basket ball in continental coun- tries, and they spoke very gaveneiiy of holding a European elim- ination for the purpose of selecting two or three of the best teams to be sent over herein the event that basket ball was on the program. | The matter is entirely up to the Los Angeles Organ- izing Comittee, and I do not know if it has beon scttled as yet. This committee will hepeiet at the American Olympic Association meeting in Washington the middle of next month. The Los Angeles Organizing Committec, which is concerned to a large extent about finances, will of course consider the subject of additional sports largely from the point of view of gato rocoipts. 1 told thom in Berlin that “a in my opinion a basket ball tournament with international par- ticipants and the best American teams, would pack the stadiun. Get after Garland and cxert as much pressure on the Los Angeles crowd as you. can." Mexico, Canada, the Phillipines and Japan definitely promised us that they would send teams to Los Angelos for parti- cipation if the Los angelos Organizing Cormittee would put basket ball on as a demonstration sport. It is ncoedloss to montion that scores of Amorican tcams were anxious for such opportunity to participate. It is our opinion had this tourna- ment becn staged in the stadium at Los Angeles the result would have beon pronounced succcss, comparable to the Madison Square Garden scll outs. Throo scparatc groups in Canada were tre- mondously intcrostcd. On Octobor 3, 1931, Mr, F. B. Eagloston of Toronto wroto: "Mr. G. T, Hepbron has roferred mo to you for informa- tion rogarding the possibility of basket ball being rcocognized at the Olympic games. Would you kindly lot mo know whether any negotiations arc pending at tho prosent timo or whether any definite. dccision has boon made rogarding this. Has baskot ball any chanco of boing included in tho prograrmo? Any in- formation you con give mc will be appreciatcd as our reproscnta- tive toam dcsirocs to know what tho possibilitics aro." We roplicd to Mr. Eaglcston that basket ball was presontod to the Olympic Committoc and acccpted favorably as one of the ganecs to bo put on for dononstration. The Intor- national Olympic Comittoe oksyod it but we lost out in Cali- fornia. Tho Gold Coast poople chosc football because tho ganic could be played in the coliseum. Mr. Farmer stated that the Los Angeles people wanted money exhibitions and the possibility of lack of foreign competition made them dubious. They arranged for Pop Warner and Jimmy Phelen to handle the North Coast teams and Howard Jones to handle the South Coast teams, which partici- pated. We won out with the Olympic Committee but lost with the Coast people. At a dinner with the Japanese Delegation during the course of the Olympic Games, Mr. Sohalu Ri of Waseda Uni- versity, Tokio, told me that annually they have the Far’ Eastern Olympics which include basket ball with China, Japan and the Phillipines. competing with each other and other nations for the championship. Japan has won three straight years. Mr. BE, C, Quigley, our National League umpire and outstanding all- sports official, during his tour of the Land of the Rising Sun two years ago, officiated at a tournament for the Japanese. Af- ter working all night until four o'clock in the morning, the only way that he finished. that tournament at all was by dis- qualifying an entire team if any individual on that outfit made a foul. Interest even more intense than in the United States and crowds numbering ten thousand attended these great tourna- ments. Japan has gone basket ball as well as baseball mad. Not content to remain defeated in our quest for basket ball in the Olympic Games at Los angeles, Count Soyejima, president of the Japan Basket Ball Association, Dr. Kishi, Sohaku Ri, Shumpei, Suzuki, and other foreign representatives met with us in Los angeles with a definite aim in mind of landing ~~ 1O - basket ball in the Olympics at Tokio in 1940 where the XII Olympiad is very apt to be held. The Japanese Delegation vol- unteered to work unceasingly to influence Germany and to ask other Olympic representatives to petition for basket ball in the XI Olympiad at Berlin. Digressing from the XI and XII Olympiads at Berlin and Tokio, your attention is-called to the Third Central Ameri- can Olympic Games which were held March 17, 1935, at San Salva- dore in the National Stadium, which is located just outside of the City wv’ the stadium which took two years for construction seats 35,000 persons. The competing nations were Costo Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panana, Porto Rico and El Salvadore. The games included track athletics, fencing, wrestling, boxing, basket ball and volley ball. Returning from the X Olympiad at Los Angeles, a letter was addressed to Mr, Carl Diem, the goneral secretary of the Germany Olympiad. Contacts wore made with Herr Siewicki, an exchange student at iemineticia. Rens. College, where we were teaching basket ball for the summer. On May 25, 1954, the following letter was reccived from Gabard Krausc, assistant Secretary of the Olympic Games at Berlin: "Acknowledging receipt of your lotter of May 12, I beg to inform you that the question of what sport shall be demonstrated at the Olympic Games at Berlin will be decided upon later in this year. as you will know, the Olympic program provides two demonstrations. One of them will be glider flying, the second one has a yet been decided upon. Dr. Diem, our general secrotary, who wili have to deal with the mattor is not yot back from Athons, and I a = must ask you therofore to wait anothor fortnight or so fer a. specific reply. You can rest assured, howevor, that the question of baskct ball will be considered thoroughly, and 1 believo ny- self that the intorest in the gamo is widespread tie cuigtiot the world. It will interest you that basket ball was one of theo points I spoko about to Mr. Elmor Borry who was here just the other day. Herr Sicwicke who has a job now in the Hitler- Youth and whom I know quite wcll has boen one of the pronoters of basket ball at the Doutsche Hochschule fur Licbosubungen." On October 25, 1934, Horr Dicom wrote: "With further roference to our forner corrospondence I have tho pleasure of informing you that the Organizing Cormmittce at its meocting on October 19, adoptod the resolution that basket ball be included in the program of the 1936 Olympic Games at Berlin.” Again on Decomber 3, Horr Diom advised: "I acknow- ledge very gratefully your lettor of Novombor 15, and I an glad that Anerica responded so enthusiastically to our plans includ- ing basket ball in the program of the XI Olympiad.- In the meantime wo had the pleasure to havo Mr. Jones, the secretary goneral of the International Basket Ball Federation from Romo with us. Mr. Jones told us also that various other parts of the world answored very favorably to the result of our cor- respondence. We are now preparing the regulations and rules for the baskct ball tournament. Mr. Jones told us that we can count on et least twonty toams: Argentino, Belgiun, Esthonia, Latvia, France, Italy, Austria, Switzorland, Czocho-Slovakia, Hungary, United States, China, Grocce, Cuba, Japan, Poland, Rumania, Spain, Philippines, Brazil, Fortugal, Puigeric. Tf ~ 12 =. there should be any particular question you can be suro that I will call on you. When wo have finished our sport booklets concorning the basket ball tournament I should bo glad to for- word a copy TO yous dipled Vins I can count further on your holpful cooporation and thanking you ror your assistancs until now." We have just finished a definite check up with Dr. Jamos Naismith, the-originator of tho gamo in 1891, senterntine the nations now playing baskot ball and listing fifty following mations: Australia, africa, Brazil, Gormany, England, Alaska, Hawaii, New Zcaland, Franco, Spain, Portugal, Madagascar, Uruguay, Chile, Mexico, Switzerland, Rumania, Czcecho-Slovakia, Ciitio, Korea, Japan, the Pullippines, Canada, Chowek: Poraguay, Greoco, Turkoy, Egypt, Panama, Italy, India, the Unitod Statos, Poland, Bulgaria, Argontina, Latvia, Hungary, Syria, Cuba, Porto Rico, Haiti, Porsia, Siam, 4rabin, Ccylon, and Bolivia, Honduras, Guatemala, Costa Rico and. San Salvador. Basket ball boing an official part of tho Olympic program, Amcrica can now look forward to the appointmont of an anorican Olympic Basket Ball Garics Coot i o' to suporvigéo Ancrica's participation at Borlin in 1936. Undoubtedly college basket ball mon of Amorica will play a vory dcfinito part in upholding amorica's splendid compotitive traditions. Rospectfuyly submitted, - re Comnittoo. ORGANIZATIONS HOLDING MEMBERSHIP IN AMERICAN OLYMPIC ASSOC. United States arny United States Navy Anerican Remount Association Intercollegiate Assn. of amateur Athletes of anerica anateur Athlotic Union of U. 5S. anateur Fencers League of America International Skating Union of U.S. National amateur Athletic Fedcera- tion of anerica Nat. Assoc. of snateur Oarsmen Nat. Collegiate Athletic «assoc. Nat. Cycling Association Nat. Rifle association U. S. “nmateur Hockey assoc. U. By Pootpall Lesociation U, S. Revolver ussociation Boy Scouts of America Catholic Young Men's Nat. Union Girl Seouts of anerica Jewish Welfare Board Knights of Colunbus Navy League of the U. S. Playground & Recreation assn. of Anerica Young Men's Christian Assn. Anerican Phys. Ed. Assn. Adirondack. Assen. As A. Us Allegheny Mountain assn. A. A. U. Centra: Agen. dy a, 0. Connecticut Assn. A. A. U. Hawaiian Assn. fi. a. U. Indiana-Kentucky Assn. A. A. U. Intercollegiate Boxing assn. Intercollegiato Conference 4.4. Intercollegiate Rugby assn. Intercollegiate Swimming assn. Intor-Mountain Assn. a. a. U. Metropolitan assn. A. A. U. Middle Atlentic Assn. 4. A. U. Midwestern assn. a. A. U. New England issn. A. 4. U. New England Intercollegiate a. A. Niagara 4sen, 4. A. U. Ohio Conference Pacific association 4. a. U. Pecific Coast Int. A. A. Pacific Northwost assn. A. A. U. Pacific N..W. Intercollegiate 4.4. Rocky Mountain assn. A. ua. U. South Atlemtic agen. A. a. U. Southeastorn Assn. A. a. Us Southern assn. 4. aA. U. Seuthorn Californin Int. Conf. Southern Conference Southern Pacific Assn. As As U. Wostorn Agesn. Aa. As Us Nat. Assn. of anatour Billiard Players Michigan “ssn. A. a. U. 4.0 eee As ee Ui Florida assn. A. A. U. U. S. Intercollegiate La Crosso Loague Ancrican Turnerbund National Ski assn. Amorican Canoe Assn. amcorican Rowing issn.