se

should be rapid in winter; slow in summer, unless it be under a burning heat,
and that fleshy people should walk faster, thin pie whens

Hippocrates, and Aristotle later, wash devised certain empirical
theories about the relationship of anatomical structure to human mechanics;
but the real scidntific approach came much later.

During the imnlbiecaie: German, English, French and Italian physiol-
wie sak physicists attacked the problem of analyzing animal and human move-
ments. These studies form the real beginning of our modern understanding of
kinesiology. Outstanding among these pioneers in this field were ek physiol-
ogists, Descartes, French, and Von hexttes Swiss; one anatomist and physician,
Galilei, Italian; and one physicist, Bevwlad. Italian.

But the 19th century brought still greater contributions. The basie
facts of neuromuscular functioning were added to previous research —s Weber .
brothers, Sherrington, and Helmholtz,

: Experimental work through successive decades reaffirmed the soundness
of many of these theories of nervous stimulation and inhibition, and muscular
reactions

The ellie such scientists as Braune, Fischer, Duchenne and Marey, who
studied the problems of muscle mechanics, of body balance, and of graphic re-
presentation as related particularly to locomotion. It was out of these
studies that the science of kinesiology was founded.

Today, we still continue to probe into the mysteries of human func-
tioning. Mental activity is largely manifest in muscular forms; and both are
dependent upon the functioning of the rest of the body. Thus movement (motor
activity) becomes of interest to the physiologist, psychologist, the educator,
and the physician, But it is through the physical educator and the field of

physical education that the remedial specialists, with their detailed under=

stending of the locomotor and manipulative skills, should comes