EIGHT—E How Is It Made? Trees-to-Presses Is Absorbing Tale Vegetable Fibers Are Base for All Paper; Process Is Intricate All paper is made from vegetable fibers. Trees, cotton, flax, jute, straw, esparto, sugar cane, cornstalks, hemp, bamboo and many other plants and grasses are used, but the finest quality paper comes from pulp of which spruce is the base. The fibers of the spruce wood are strong, uniform and have been cae to be best adaptible’ to paper making. About half of a spruce log is usable fiber in a paper mill, The rest is lignin and other binding agents which must be removed. It is the job of the pulp mill, usually Jocated near the forests, to separate the usable fibers from the rest of the wood. This is done by various “cooking” processes involving use of dissolving agents— usually sulphites and sodas. Cut Into Chips After the bark and knots have been trimmed from a log, the wood is fed into enormous machines which cut it up into small chips. These go into great retorts called “digesters” where the “cooking” process soon dissolves, washes and drains away everything but the wood fibers. The result is paper pulp. : Pulps usually are blended at this point in accordance with the particu- lar grade of paper wanted- Pulps of various kinds can be mixed much as tobacco, coffee and whisky are blend- ed to improve flavor, aroma, etc. Modern paper mills have’ extensive laboratories and research staffs which constantly experiment with new blends and mixtures. Many More Processes Pulp is paper, but it isn’t yet ready for commercial uses and must go through other intricate processes be- fore it is in condition for the trade. The paper mill does this job. Pulp fibers go through machinery which soaks them so thoroughly each fiber virtually is swimming around by itself. To help out in this, the mushy solutions go through “beaters” which crush and stir the pulp in great tanks and between iron “ribs.” The pulp is flattened, frayed, beaten and other- wise maltreated. Paper makers say paper is “made in the beater,” which means its ulti- mate quality is determined by how well the pulp-is beaten. In the beat- ers, too, color is added to the pulp if the finished stock is to be “other than natural white. “Size,” that is water- proofing so the paper will take ink, is also added here, as are various fillers —china clay, fuller’s earth, starch, etc. : Bleached by Chlorine Bleaching is sometimes done in the beaters, although many pulp mills do it! Chlorine is the principal bleach- ing agent and it turns the pulp from its natural yellowish tinge to the plain white most paper must be. The real miracle of paper making comes about in an extremely simple process. It is in the Fourdrinier ma- chine that the watery pulp emerges as paper. Fourdrinier is probably the most important name in paper making. Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier, two wealthy English brothers, pauperized themselves in perfecting a machine invented in 1798 by a Frenchman named Louise Robert. The latter de- veloped a rough mechanism with a moving wire screen that made a con- tinuous sheet of paper. Up until that time, 1798, all paper was made by hand, one sheet at a time, in wire- bottomed moulds. The Fourdriniers acquired the Rob- erts patent and worked out a ma- chine which is basically the same to- day. Liquid Paper First “Liquid paper” in the form of pulp which is 14 of 1 percent pulp and 99% percent water flows onto a moving screen of bronze wire. The screen is 65 mesh and it shakes sidewise as it moves forward. This motion inter- laces the fibres and at the same time drains part of the water away through the screen. The Fourdrinier screen gives the paper its first tentative form—a loosely knit, pulpy and watery mass that has some resemblance to a sheet of paper. It is still about 80 percent water at this point and has just enough tensile strength to jump a short gap from the screen to press. This is another endless belt, made of high grade wool. This belt takes the pulpy paper under rolls which Squeeze out more water and compress the paper still more compactly. More Water Removed The presses take out 10 to 15 per- cent more of the water and send the paper on to the driers, which are huge metal rollers filled with steam. These dry out all but 6 percent of the water and squeeze the paper into its final, paper-thin dimensions. From ‘the driers it emerges in substantially its finished form. Calendars, which are very heavy and highly polished steel rollers, give it a final smoothing and ironing, and then nothing remains but to wind it on reels and process it into the myriad shapes and sizes demanded by modern business, Secret Messages Once Kept on Thin Metals Many curious practices flourished before the popular use of paper. Aeneas Poliorectius, who lived about 720 B. C., relates that women car- ried secret messages written on small leaden volumes, or rolls of very thin metal, which they wore as earings. These were made pliable by beating with a hammer, and sometimes were sewed into women’s shoes to allay suspicion. Sultan Slain, Fick Turkish Mill Wrecked Around the beginning of the last century the Sultan Selim II established what was said to be the first paper mill of modern times in Turkey. It was located at Scutari, a suburb of Constantinople. In 1808 the sultan was assassinated and the factory, together with a print- ‘dng plant which he had built, were destroyed, Rolls and Rolls of Paper THE DAILY OKLAHOMAN Personnel in City Now Exceeds 70 CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE a bookkeeper in 1923. All the com- pany’s credit relations with customers are handled through his office, Cc. O. Burnside, started with Car- penter as a country salesman 18 years tendent, has the longest service rec- ord of any one now with the local Carpenter branch. He started in Guthrie Feb. 15, 1916, as an all- around hand under the late L. F, Leach. Gilkison drove a team and wagon about the Guthrie streets, making deliveries, and also served as the warehouseman, shipping clerk, receiving clerk, janitor, etc. He came to Oklahoma City in the move on 1916 and now is in charge of the big crew that handles the thousands of ago. Later he transferred to the city sales force and specialized in calling on the printing trade. He was aq- vanced to sales manager in 1940 and now is in charge of all the company’s sales organization. Perry Gilkison, warehouse superin- tons of paper flowing through the plant each year. When the com- pany moved recently from its old Grand avenue quarters to the new Second street building, Gilkison sup- ervised the transfer of stock and equipment so smoothly no shipment A view of the basement storage space, showing a few of the rolled stock. Carpenter prints commercial labels and trade names on rolls of wrapping paper before it goes out into business channels. : Bread Made of Paper | the Egyptian paper maker’s stock, was me : ‘ united with a paste consisting of Some authorities on ancient EgyP-|pread crumbs soaked in boiling water. tian paper contended that the papyrus|The sheets then were beaten to the plant which constituted the body of|required thickness. WIN ATTENTION WITH COLORED COATED PAPERS Colored Coated Papers used on direct advertising get attention and increase results. No paper distributor in the United States offers a wider or finer selection of colored coated papers than Carpenter Paper Co. Ask to see these unusual papers. Woodbine Duplex Enamel Woodbine Colored Enamel Woodbine Duplex Post Card Dullchrome Coated Book Polychrome Coated Book Mellochrome Post Card Woodbine Embossing Cover Currency Cover Permakolor Litho Label Direct Sales Bond (C1S) A colored coated paper for every direct advertising need THE APPLETON COATED PAPER CO. APPLETON WISCONSIN To Carpenter Paper Company: Congratulations on your fine new home, and best wishes for your continued success and prosperity. To Carpenter Paper Company: Congratulations on your fine new home, and best wishes for your continued success and prosperity. Whiting-Plover Paper Company Stevens Point, Wisconsin Manufacturers of Air Dried Bond, Ledger & Thin Papers CONGRATULATIONS to our good friends CARPENTER PAPER COMPANY on their fine new facilities for good Paper Service BROWNVILLE PAPER COMPANY BROWNVILLE NEW YORK CONTAINER CORPORATION of AMERICA | CONGRATULATIONS to CARPENTER PAPER COMPANY xxx * On the Successful Completion Of Their New Oklahoma City House KI KEERY K LONGVIEW FIBRE COMPANY Longview, Washington CONFIDENCE IS THE CORNERSTONE OF EVERY BUSINESS TRANSACTION ... CONFIDENCE Of the Merchants in the Great Southwest Has Made Possible This Fine, Modern Paperhouse..... soo. LORERE CARPENTER PAPER COMPANY WE EXTEND CONGRATULATIONS - and Best Wishes CENTRAL PAPER COMPANY Manufacturers of SECURITY SAFETEX GUMMED TAPE QUALIFIED ADDING MACHINE PAPER MENASHA, WIS. was delayed for a moment. Manager of the wrapping paper division is Carl Wilson, who has been with Carpenter 11 years. He began in a minor clerical capacity and worked up to head a department which carries some 10,000 different items. This di- vision handles the sacks, bags, wrap- ping paper and other material in which much of Oklahoma carries home everything from bread and onions to furcoats, The fine paper department, head- SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 1941. ed by Norton Burbage, also has 10,- 000 or more items and supplies the materials for which printers, publish- ers and stationers have constant de- mand. Burbage, another Carpenter veteran, is nevertheless young enough for military service and expects to be called up later this year. Another important division is the stationery department, which handles myriad types, sizes and varieties of letter paper. Al Turner, with Car- penter eight years, is manager. These men, with the help of numerous sub- ordinates and a smoothly function- ing sales, secretarial, accounting and warehouse staff, run the _ business that is the Carpenter Paper Co., in Oklahoma. It has a round-number investment of $500,000 in building, equipment, stock and real estate here now. It is a sizable stake, but ome which Carpenter is glad to bet will increase as Oklahoma grows and prospers. CONGRATULATIONS and best wishes to Carpenter Paper Company from the suppliers of their Peerless Carbon Paper Inked Ribbons and ness, FORWARD MARCH! “Open House” is tangible evidence of Carpenter Paper Company’s policy of a continuing service and progressive- To them we extend our heartiest congratulations and best wishes. We are proud to be identified with them as they move steadily on. RISING PAPER COMPANY Housatonic, Massachusetts—Manufacturers of complete lines of Bond and Writing Papers, Ledgers, Wedding Papers and Bristols, Direct Advertising Papers and Index Bristols. We Congratulate CARPENTER PAPER COMPANY | For Their Progressive Spirit Which Is So Well Symbolized in Their Splendid New Home eS ae Detroit Sulphite Pulp & Paper Co. “MAKERS OF PAPERS OF STRENGTH he 123 N.W.1 © OFFICE FURNITURE © PRINTING—LITHOGRAPHY Chairman Says--- Pedal pushers—like antique office equipment get nowhere fast! This is a modern world and business is done in a fast modern manner as Carpenter Paper Company has so ably demonstrated. Carpenter Paper Co. is to be congratulated on their splendid progress—their faith in the future —the erection in Oklahoma City of one of Amer- ica’s most modern and best equipped buildings. -H. Dorsey Douglas, Inc. © DESKS © FILES © SAFES 3-346]