The Cramer Trade Mark Use Cramer First Aids Volume XIII t The First Aider JANUARY, 1944 Condensed First Aid Information jor the Coach and Trainer tea ac) Published By The Cramer Chemical Co. Gardner, Copyright 1943 Kangas sak 30,000 Copies This Issue (No. 1 “In the present emergency no greater responsibility rests upon the institutions of higher learning than that of ensuring the physical fitness of their students. JOHN W. STUDEBAKER, U. S. Commmissioner of Education Obstacle Course Construction And Operation : By LIEUT. WILLIAM NEUFELD, USNR (Head, Mass Exercise Division, U. S. f Navy Pre-Flight School, DEL MONTE, CALIF. In the spring of 1942, when interest and enthusiasm in obstacle courses were developing rapidly, the military track department of the U. S. Navy Pre-Flight School at Chapel Hill, N. C., was faced with the problem of building and operating an obstacle course. In my department I was blessed with four very capable assist- ants. Two of the men were from Columbia University: Lieut. (j.g.) Frank Ryan, one of the best shot putters this country has ever seen, and Lieut. Bob Pitkin, one of the few men who can very ably demonstrate and coach the three most used forms of high jumping. The third member was Lieut. John Morriss, one of the top- notch hurdlers this country has developed. The fourth member in my department was Lieut. Ivan Fuqua, one of the few men who has run under 47 seconds for the quarter, and a member of the 1932 Olympic Team. After a great deal of discussion and sweating (most of the lat- ter being done by Morriss, because he had charge of building the course), our obstacle course was completed. Next we were faced with the problem of running the entire regiment of cadets, 1,800 in number, one day a week. These cadets were ours for an hour and fifteen minutes, on Wednesday afternoons. We felt it was desirable to time every cadet. This would give us a definite check on their improvement and conditioning and ~ weed out the weak and lazy ones so additional work could be assigned them. It would also give us a week-by-week picture of the improvement by battalions. After a good deal of experimentation, we found that it is pos- sible to time 1,000 to 1,500 contestants an hour in obstacle run- ning with the method outlined below. Five officials are needed to control the running of the obstacle course. Three of the officials act as recorders - one as a starter and one official as the timer at the finish. A sixth official is helpful, in keeping the contestants in the proper order after crossing the finishing line. 7 Before running the course, each contestant should be assigned a number. (If possible, contestants should be allowed to keep this number for the entire competitive period in obstacle run- ning.) Contestants need only keep their own number in mind, since any discrepancy is soon corrected, when the records are checked. s After numbers have been assigned, contestants are lined up, from 2 to 8 abreast, according to the number the course will allow to run at one time. On a special prepared blank, as given in the example below, one recorder copies the contestant’s num- bers, in units, before they report to the starter. EXAMPLE Lanes Unit...... No. of Starting Unit EL 2 8 5 6 7 8 Time il Al A3 A4 Ad AT Ad A10 All 200 2. A12 A413 Al5 :20 Before starting the first unit, the officials determine the in- terval of time to be used between the starting of units. These intervals may be 10, 15, 20 or 30 seconds, depending upon the “number of contestants in each unit. As each unit of contestants steps up to the starting line, the starter announces to them the time difference from zero starting time to THEIR starting time. The starting time of each unit is recorded in the right-hand column, as indicated in the blank form above. When the first unit is ready to start, the official acting as starter signals to the timer at the finish line the start of the first unit with the swing of his arm, or a gun shot. The starter’s and the timer’s stop watches start together on this signal. As soon as one unit of contestants has left the starting line, the néxt unit steps up. About 2 seconds before their starting time, the starter gives the command “READY”, followed by the command “GO”. Beyond the finish line an area is roped off, funnel-shaped and about 40 feet long. This is used to keep the contestants in the order of their finish, and at the same time give them a chance to slow down before reaching the final recorder’s desk, which is placed at the end and at the side of the funnel. The position of the timer is right on the finish line, and opposite his recorder. As the contestants cross the finish line, the timer calls out their times in minutes and full seconds. These times are written down by the recorder on a blank, as indicated below. Times need to be announced and recorded only in seconds, except when a new minute starts. EXAMPLE Uniti Date... Finish Finish Finish Finish No. Time No. ‘Time No. Time No.. Time No, Time No. Time Finish No. Time 84807 BI 488 = Cle TOL. Ok 49:48", S12 151 2 Si 32 84 + 62 54. 92 50-122 152 It helps to have an assistant at this point just beyond the finish line, to make sure that the contestants stay in the order of their finish. As the contestants step up to the recorder’s desk, at the end of the funnel, they give their numbers. This the recorder copies down on a blank form, as indicated below. Sample of Recording Sheets Unit...... Date..... a No, Order Finish Starting Net No. Order Finish Starting Net No. Time Time Running No. Time Time Time Time 1 A4 8:27 =O 3:27 31 A385. 4:88 «9§1:00 8:88 Oe Ae Alot 88 0 8:31 82+ - Aap /'4iB4* 1300 8:84 3 Ad 33. 4 Ad 34 By writing in ‘the finished times, next to the order of the fin- ish, and then filling in the contestants’ starting time, the net running time can easily be computed. (Continued on page 3, columns 7 and 8) HAPPY NEW YEAR —WITH RESERVATIONS A-new year rolls around, and we extend greetings. with the change of calendar— We extend our sincere wishes for good health and a continued capacity for @ lot of hard work. Another year we might include such things as happiness, peace on earth, good will toward men, etc:—now we think of Churchill. tears”, He offered the English nothing but “blood and Starting the new year—you are right now offered the sing- ular privilege of giving a fight talk. You are asked to think up all the adjectives and arguments in your vocabulary. Pre- pare this lecture in great detail—leaving nothing out that will help the war effort—then go off in the corner and give this talk to—YOURSELF! To get the New Year started without misunderstandings—you are expected to furnish the hard labor, grime, grease and heart aches, and take your pay in a feeling of satisfaction—OF A JOB WELL DONE. Do you understand your assignment? Of course you do—and let us be the first to congratulate you because you are equipped with the education to do the job. You will not receive medals, ribbons, and citations for your work, but just the same a monument is being erected to your ef- forts. That monument is now fighting on the battle fronts of the world, and you are reéeiving the decorations by proxy. Liquid Ball Cleaner Now Contains Mold- Resisting Ingredient All leather edodssronttallss bas- ketballs, shoes, shoulder pads, hel- mets—are hard to get, largely for the reason that the boys you trained for the various services are being supplied with them. Your present stocks may have to last for the duration. Mold saps the life of leather— causes it to crack—reduces its life expectancy. Before placing leather equipment, or equipment made partly of leath- er, in storage, give it a generous coating of Cramer’s Liquid Ball Cleaner. It is easily applied with a soft cloth or brush. Used footballs and basketballs should be cleaned and polished ac- cording to the directions on the} label. This is an additional Cramer Service—AT NO ADDITIONAL COST TO YOU. F-A For Your Bulletin Board? If you're really ambitious— 1. Limit the calls on your girl to 6 nights a week. 2. When you get up to leave -turn on the light. If you don’t you might fall over a chair. . Don’t stand on the ‘porch and catch cold. When you start home - go! wo Dress like a scarecrow - it in- trigues women. . Don’t stand straight. Try to look like a sack of turnips. - oa a . Be languid don’t show pep. Be lackadaisical - or something. . Cultivate that blank look—it fools the teacher. J Learn to dance without moy- ing. Eat all you can—it helps hold up your pants. ico 9 10. Sit a lot—it broadens one’s out- look. F-A ? What boy will stick his feet into a cold liquid foot-bath—this time of year if he can jump over it? If he uses the liquid foot-bath, will he wipe the liquid off—with a clean towel—or the dirty one in his locker? Is it possible that he may use this same towel on the rest of his body where he may have skin abrasions or galled skin? sess 8 The “Cramer Powder Foot-Bath” is the clean, speedy, up-to-date method! See | Setting Up Exercises Advisable In Basketball Boys who play basketball are al- ways anxious to start shooting. They see no necessity for using stretching and setting up exercises. A few of these exercises are ad- visable for limbering up shoulders, backs, hips, knees, and ankles. It will insure better balance and more accurate shooting. Even The Coach Has A Fault By CHUCK CRAMER None of us like preaching. We don’t like to be told continually that we can’t do things correctly. We don’t like naggers and folks that continually find fault. Never- theless, here WE are again, doing it. We must be nuts—or maybe we are just a coach at heart—or maybe we are both—they often go, or come, together. Now that we have started some- thing—let’s try and finish it— and maybe get eliminated. Anyway you-figure it—we will be in trouble. The trouble with the coach is (and we are short of paper) that he has spells. He has spells of Ss During the second half he often amnesia. He has spells of amentia. superintendent says). spots. (The and quite often on the first floor, too. He wants to be alone, and with the team at the same time. His friends? He doesn’t have any or want any—doesn’t know them if they come around. ‘ During the game he _ changes. Death takes a holiday (mental death). His mouth opens, and some- thing comes out.—(We can’t repeat it.) It isn’t important anyway—the team runs itself nicely. Anima- tion sets in—the opposite from rig- or mortis. He stalks back and forth, eats hay, gulps water, cus- ses the referee and quarterback. He yells— “slug ‘em’! He doesn’t mean that. He means “murder de bums”, Between halves he makes a po-| litical speech. He doesn’t know} what he has said, and the kids are! too tired to pay any attention—so | all is well—no harm done. pat | (His wife told me so.) | He has blind ; Just before a game he draws ; ja blank. He is vacant upstairs—j} has lapsed into or toward. sanity. | There are signs of coming to. He ‘doesn’t stop to count the gate, but ‘can button his coat and adjust his tie—without help from the water {boy. Once in a while he thinks— | (nothing serious). He even re- members that he hasn’t had lunch. He then drops back into oblivion— or something Morpheus dreamed up, land starts on another bale of hay. | The final whistle blows. The ‘game is over. He wakes up. He, takes a deep breath of fresh, sweet air. He smiles and thinks! He becomes rational and, all at once— a gentleman and a scholar. | | Listen coach, we didn’t mean a }word of it. We envy you because we like the games you coach. We jenjoy being the smallest cog (or |nut) in your machine—just permit jus that honor and we will be satis- fied. ‘ F-A Ms Buy War Savings Stamps! pea Military Drill Should Not Take The Place Of Physical Education? ~ Mr. Frank Cramer Federal Security Agency S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION Washington November 22, 1943 U. The Cramer Chemical Company Gardner, Kansas Dear Mr.-Cramer: Commissioner Studebaker has asked me to reply to your letter of November 18, requesting permission to print the letter of Henry L. Stimson, dated June 16, on the subject, “Mliitary Drill Should Not Take The Place of Physical Education.” Inasmuch as Secretary Stimson has recently issued another letter, dated November 4, 1943, copy enclosed, in further clarification of his June 16 letter, may I suggest that you print both letters in your FIRST AIDER. Enclosure Dear Dr. Studebaker: Sincerely yours, RALL I. GRIGSBY, Special Assistant to the Commissioner WAR DEPARTMENT Washington June 16, 1943 I have your letter asking whether the War Department recommends that military drill take the place of physical education in the curriculum of schools and colleges. I assume your question to apply only to the period of the present war and not to periods of peace. The amount of military drill which can be given in schools and colleges can also be given after induction into the Army, in a relatively short period of time, and under the most productive circumstances. A good physical condition, however, cannot be de- veloped in so short a space of time, and the physical condition of a soldier is of prime importance to the War Department. — The War Department does not want to appear to advise upon the make-up of a curriculum, nor to go beyond outlining some of the elements which the Army believes would be advantageous in its recruits. Of these, a good physical condition is extremely important and a knowledge of basic military drill relatively unimportant. The War Department. therefore does not recommend that military drill take the place of physical education in the schools and colleges during this war period. The War Department has no objection to the publication of this statement, provided it is quoted in its entirety. Dear Dr. Studebaker: Sincecrely yours, WAR DEPARTMENT Washington Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of war os November 4, 1943 3 This is to amplify my letter of June 16, 1943, on the War Department’s recom- mendation on military drills’ taking the place of physical education during the present war. It was‘not the intention of the War Department to imply that Military drills were unimportant. Properly conducted military drills and parades do have their place. Wherever possible, both should be included in the curriculum: however, if this is not practicable and a choice must be made, physical education is considered the most im- portant. As has been stated previously, the War Department does not want to appear . to advise upon the makeup of a curriculum other than suggesting some training which is believed advantageous for inductees to have had prior to entering the service. ? The War Department has no objection to the publication of this statement provided it is quoted in its entirety. Sincerely yours, Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of War, Time Out By Frank Cramer In the pages of “A Training Room Manual” appearing in this issue, we present some subjects that are absolutely foreign to athletic train- ing—from a treatment angle. They are, however, kindred because they broaden your perspective and in- Professional Courtesy-- Or Just Ordinary Good Manners Have you some person or com- mittee delegated to meet the visit- : ing coach and team when they ar- rive to play at your school? Where do we dress? Where are the toilets? Where is the closest restaurant? Where do we get drink- ing water? Will somebody keep the kids away so we can relax and rest? These questions - and many others indicate a lack of profes- sional courtesy - if there is a nec- essity for asking them. What is character building and common courtesy? What part do they play in athletics in life? What are schools for, anyway? A few years ago we were privi- leged to accompany Coach D. X. Bible, of Texas, when he met a visiting: team at the station. In brief, his greeting went some- thing like this: “Welcome to Aus- tin. Your hotel rooms and meals are arranged for before and after the game. You folks will have the north dressing room. There will be a bus at the hotel to take your squad to the stadium. The bus will be available for a sight seeing trip around the capitol and university. This young man (introducing him), is one of our assistant’ managers. He has made all necessary arrange- ments and will go with you to help your managers get oriented.” The University of Arizona is fa- mous for its hospitality. Quite of- ten they even go so far as to ban- quet teams that are visiting them for the first time. Here are just two examples taken from the hundreds that occur each year. We don’t suggest that you have to go this far to show “good manners”, but the “Golden Rule” should be stressed as part of the player’s education. F-A Coaching Etiket Never slug a member of the school board—even if he deserves it. He may have a wife and 6 kids. e°¢ Never, under any circumstances, speak to an official after a game. Wait until he leaves and take it out on your wife. s 8 Always congratulate the winning coach—your competitor. Some day, he may do as much for you. s 6 The Sportswriter deserves extra consideration. He may be carrying some secret sorrow in his breast. A kind word and a pat on the pback—may help him carry on. Don’t be churlish with him! F-A Firm Grip A paste to be applied to finger- tips. Contains adhesives of wax and rosin—is intended as an aid to basketball players. A small amount of Firm-Grip helps prevent fumbling—permits better ball handling—Also some players report a feeling of security which Helps them overcome the nervousness at the start of a game. Firm Grip is easy to apply and a small jar will last through many games, crease your ability to work with Rew team physician. | In our travels over the country, |we have observed a lack of co- ‘operation with the team physician. This lack of cooperation may have been mutual. Let us hasten to say that, if it did occur, it was a mis- ‘take—and should not happen in ithe future. Everyone knows that you should not treat appendicitis. But you should be able to recognize the symptoms and know—what not to do! Frankly speaking, we all have plenty to learn about the repair of injury to the human body. The sooner we recognize our lack of knowledge and try to correct our faults, the sooner we will send boys out of school—fit to fight, and. not with some permanent knee or back injury. < These subjects are presented for | study. because we believe your per- »spective should be broadened. We feel that they cover subjects that are related’ to, but not a part of your work—but quite often they are your responsibility. The “First Aider” is prepared for the express purpose of aiding you in coping with your training problems. We hope that you find it of ma- terial help. Please, always keep in mind that - our discussions are of a general nature. Complications and local ‘conditions do not permit of definite conclusions. es Quite often we are asked to pre- scribe some treatment for some dis- ease or injury. Please do not ask this of us. i The best results for all concerned ;may only be obtained by full co- operation with your team or school : physician. Last Spring, after the close of the basketball season, something occurred that should not be per- mitted to happen this year. There was a LET DOWN from March un- til. the close of school. Many ‘coaches quit their programs and “rested” until school closed. This “Jet down” was not general, just spotted, but it was nation wide. This “let down” should not oc- cur! There will besno relaxing of | the war effort, and there should be ‘none in training prospective sol- diers. Your training program is very important as a morale builder as well as from a physical dngle. Please don’t let down for a minute! . ¢ * £ It is estimated that 3,000,000 school age youngsters have quit school and gone into war plants or other defense work. * This situation is serious and should be combatted with every means at your disposal. A large percentage of these youngsters will never again attend school, and will, at least in some cases, be a handi- cap to future national progress. It should be pointed out that temporary financial gain is not to be compared with the solid founda- tion your school system affords. One hundred odd years ago we had a race of Americans who carv- ed out the mid-west. ‘They lived ‘on sow-belly, cornbread and “tat- ers”. Their dessert was sorghum and parched corn. ‘These ances- tors had no roads. They made trails through the wilderness. They (Continued on page 4, col, 2) \ 4 A TRAINING Varicose Veins, Hemorrhoids, Varicocoele. ‘These and similar related conditions re- quire little from the coach or trainer other than a reasonably well developed ability to identify such conditions, and to have the proper steps taken in treatment by the team or home physician. Varicose veins occur as a rule in those parts of the blood stream which are farth- est from the heart and which are rela- tively unsupported by surrounding tis- sues. Varicose veins of the legs develop, as a rule, in the superficial veins of the calf and thigh, usually on the inner side. Any condition which interferes with the return of blood from: the veins is apt to cause their permanent dilatation. The difficulty may be started, in ath- letics particularly, by direct injury to the veins. The resulting inflammation weakens the walls of the veins and they dilate under the pressure of the blood stream. The valves in the veins, which normally keep the blood advanced, be- come atrophied and useless. The vari- cose vein appears as a tortuous, bluish cord beneath the skin. The skin itself may appear lifeless, shiny and pigmented. The common symptoms of varicose veins are a feeling of heaviness in the legs accompanied by dull, aching pain, both of which are much relieved by el- evating the legs. Advance cases of varicose veins are subject to hemorrhage as a result of a blow, since the vitality of the dilated ves- sel is markedly reduced. Inflammation within the vein may result in local blood clotting, which, as a result of a blow or sudden or violent movement, may cause the detachment of a piece of the clot into the blood stream, which, when carried to the brain or lung, may cause sudden death. Palliative Measures Avoid long standing and fatigue. Walk- A TRAINING plemented with the necessary amounts of minerals and vitamins. If the diet is truly adequate with respect to properly cooked meats, cooked and raw vegetables and milk, the minerals and vitamins are in the vast majority of cases, taken care of, Carbohydrate foods (potatoes, bread, sugar, such as dextrose, etc.,) and fats are the energy foods. They are the fuels which furnish the steam for all athletic activities. Proteins, found so abundantly in egg white, meat, peas, beans, etc., furnish the material for building new tissue and re- placing or rebuilding old. The daily food intake of the ‘growing athlete must be sufficient to maintain weight, not as determined at the begin- ning of the training season, but from two to three weeks thereafter, after a reason- able equilibrium has been reached. Well kept weight charts are, therefore, indis- pensable. The adequacy of the diet with respect to proper amounts and proportions of pro- teins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins is best determined by constant observation, by the coach, trainer, and team physician, of the general health and vitality of the individual, as evidenced by how well he stands the rigors of athletics, his tendency to fatigue, general disposi- tion, etc. Too much emphasis can not be given to the fact that the food requirement of the growing athlete is extremely large— equivalent to that of a mature adult at hard labor. It is our opinion that many of the diet- ary difficulties experienced by athletes, at least, may be attributed to faulty break- fast habits—too little food eaten with too much haste. For the average person, « the time elapsing since the previous even- ing meal is about fourteen hours. The digestive tract is empty and the metabolic processes of the body are at their lowest ROOM MANUAL " Page 136 ing favors venous return, but violent ex- ercise should be avoided. The wearing of elastic stockings or the use of an elas- tic bandage may give considerable relief. The legs should be elevated whenever possible. In earlier pages of the Manual we have described the Analgesic Pack treatment for severe thigh and calf bruises. It is suggested that this pack, covered as it is with an elastic bandage, might reduce the number of varicosities occurring in ath- letics. Hemorrhoids (Piles) Hemorrhoids are masses of excess tis- sue caused by the dilatation of blood ves- sels, usually venules or veins, just inside the anal sphincter. They cause trouble either by reason of the fact that they be- come ulcerated and painful when scraped or crowded by passing feces, or as a result of bleeding, or because they pass down through the anal sphincter and require frequent manual replacement. Marked anal itching is usually associated with hemorrhoids. Stubborn constipation is usually an accompanying factor, and may, in athletics, at least, be a contribut- ing factor. This is especially true early in the season when sweating and food consumption are extraordinarily exces- sive. Eliminating constipation at this time might at least assist in eliminating many cases of piles., Varicocoele, a varicose enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord, occurs infrequently in athletics, but is an ex- tremely severe condition for the athlete when it does occur. It results most fre- quently in athletics from a blow to the scrotal area, or from wearing supporters that are too tight. The condition is evi- denced by marked puffy enlargement of the scrotal sack, accompanied by a heavy, | dragging pain in the area. The attention of the team physician should be directed at once to such cases. He will probably suggest long periods of absolute rest with ice pack application, and a well fitting scrotal suspensory. ROOM MANUAL ‘ Page 138 ebb. The normal stimulus for stomach and intestinal activity is the taking of food. And it should be taken in suffic- iently large amounts to replace the de- pleted body stores, and furnish ample energy to carry through to the noon meal, Gastrointestinal Upsets—Nervous Indigestion Much attention is given to the pre- game meal of the athlete, and rightly so. However, the reasons for pre-game meal consideration as compared to that given to other meals are frequently obscure. The laborer, for instance, doesn’t worry about the effect of a large volume of food, readily digestible or otherwise, upon his efficiency for the afternoon’s work. And the food requirement of the football or basketball player is fully as great as that of the man working for four hours at hard labor. The difference in ability to handle normal quantities of food is explained by the difference in emotion- al reaction. The laborer is completely relaxed—digestion proceeds in a normal, uninhibited manner. The athlete, re- gardless of past experience, is in a nerv- ous digestion turmoil. The human stomach, after an ordinary mixed meal, empties in from 3 to 414 hours. This emptying time may be lengthened by pre-game emotional strain to 6 hours, during most of which time the food lies dormant—of no benefit whatsoever to the athlete. It obviously isn't sufficient just to eat food. It must be digested and absorbed into the blood stream before steam can be produced. Carbohydrate foods leave the stomach much more rapidly than proteins, and fats retard digestion most of all foods. Fluids and semi-fluids start to leave the stomach almost immediately after being swallowed. Careful mastication of food and slow eating will probably do more to eliminate nervous indigestion in athletes than will the choice of food. It is perhaps better not to eat at all than to eat under ex- i it Ve A TRAINING ROOM MANUAL Page 137 APPENDICITIS While there is little if anything to be done by the coach or trainer by way of first aid in appendicitis, it is extremely important that the condition be recog- nized at the earliest possible moment, for the don’ts are, in this case, more impor- tant than the do’s. Appendicitis is one of the important causes of deaths in every age group, yet the majority of the 18,000 or more an- -nual deaths from appendicitis can be ac- counted for by the single word—neglect. Experience of surgeons all over the world shows that there is practically no mortal- ity from operations undertaken from 12 to 24 hours of the attack, whereas the death rate for operations delayed until the third or fourth day is about 10%. Symptoms Symptoms in acute appendicitis are generally speaking, rather confusing. The first symptom is always pain, but the pain doesn’t appear first in the region of the appendix. It is, more generally, a typical mild to severe belly-ache, evi- denced frequently by sharp pains in the region of the naval, or in the pit of the stomach. The symptoms.are readily con- fused with those of acute indigestion. The pain, however, gradually migrates to the region of the appendix, as evidenced by marked tenderness to light pressure in that area. Nausea is a common symptom and there may be a desire to vomit, although the act is infrequently completed. Fever develops slowly—may not be significant in the early hours of an acute attack. The temperature cannot be re- lied upon for definite diagnosis. Do’s And Don’ts In Appendicitis When symptoms that are even mildly suggestive of appendicitis develop in an athlete, obtain the services of a physician at once. REQUIRE ABSOLUTE REST A TRAINING cessive emotional strain. No coach would strap a pound or two of lead to the back of an athlete during an athletic contest. Why should he be permitted to carry the equivalent of a pound or two of lead around in his stomach during the sam contest? { We thoroughly believe that the pre- game or pre-contest nervous upset ex- perienced by so many athletes could be partially eliminated by duplicating as far as possible, actual game or track meet conditions, after the warm-up, at the be- ginning of each’ practice session. Five minutes of scrimmage in football, ten minutes in basketball, or short races in track, set to actual contest conditions and repeated daily, should help to reduce the shock of the weekly competition exper- ience. Dextrose And The Athlete We have, for a number of years, ad- vocated the use of Dextrose by the ath- lete for the simple reason that its use seems logical, and perhaps even necessary in certain instances. Dextrose is, accord- ing to all authorities with which we are familiar, identical to the sugar of the blood, commonly referred to as d-glucose. The latest revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia, gives d-glucose as an official synonym for-Dextrose. Dextrose requires no digestion. It moves rather rapidly from the stomach in- to the small intestine, where absorption begins immediately. The normal adult can utilize in the neighborhood of two ounces of Dextrose per hour, equivalent to about one-tenth of the total daily caloric re- quirement. Dextrose is one of the few carbo- hydrate foods that may be absorbed as eaten, without previous digestion, and it is probably the only carbohydrate food that may be utilized by the body tissues without some form of modification. Dex- trose is, in fact, injected, in solution, dir- ectly into the blood stream. It may be ad- DURING ANY DELAY IN DIAGNOSIS AND GIVE NOTHING BUT WATER UNTIL THE DIAGNOSIS IS COM- PLETED by competent authority. Neither purgatives or sedatives should be given. Purgatives greatly increase the danger of perforation and hasten the spread of the disease. Sedatives of any sort tend to mask the symptoms and often lead to fatal delay in treatment. It might be well to remember that it is always bet- ter to be safe than sorry. Diet And Its Effect On The Athlete Space will not permit a lengthy dis- cussion of diet for the athlete, although it is obviously an important subject. Cer- tainly every coach and trainer should exhibit an active interest in the diet of his athletes, and should exert every ef- fort to see that it be maintained at an adequate level, remembering, of course, that there is no place in athletics for the food faddist. Some of the larger athletic departments are able to maintain training tables, and the diet problems are taken care of by a competent dietician. Too frequently, however, the dietician in charge loses sight of the fact that she is supervising meals for a group with extremely high caloric requirements, with wide varia- tions between individuals. Seconds are too frequently significant by their ab- sence, which accounts for the fact that there is much piece mealing on improper foods between meals. Almost every high school, regardless of size, boasts a Department of Home Economics, and it would seem logical that diet education for athletes be delegated to someone in that department. A few well organized lectures should acquaint the athlete with what he must know about the adequate diet and how to obtain it. Athletes, of all persons, should know WHY they should obtain an adequate diet consisting of the proper proportions of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, sup- ROOM MANUAL Page 139 ministered by rectum or injected, in solu- tion, intramuscularly. There can be no question concerning the depletion of the d-glucose or dextrose reserve in the body of an athlete during muscular activity. The store exists in the form of glycogen, frequently referred to as animal starch, and occurs principally in the liver and to a lesser extent in mus- cle. Dextrose is the energy food for muscular activity, and is carried to the muscles .by the blood. The amount of sugar, i.e., dextrose, in the blood (re- ferred to as the blood - sugar level) is held fairly constant during muscular ac- tivity at the expense.of the stored gly- cogen. The glycogen is converted, as need arises, to dextrose and thrown back into the blood stream. It is quite readily conceivable that prac- tically the entire carbohydrate reserve of an athlete could be expended during the first half of a football game or basket- ball game, or by the more exacting track events. This is particularly rue when the diet of the athlete is restricted during the preceding twelve hours, by lack of appe- tite caused by nervous reaction, or for other reasons. The following interesting statements are quoted from “The Living Body’, by Best & Taylor, Henry Holt & Company, New York, 1938. “In the intact animal carbohydrate is also the fuel for short bouts of muscular exercise. After a sprint, for example, a fall in blood sugar may occur, and the ingestion of glucose prior to a race is now recognized as a valuable means of postponing fatigue and enhancing muscular per- formance. In prolonged and exhausting work the carbohydrate stores bécome depleted; fat is then burned to furnish the required energy. Protein apparently is not utilized in muscular exercise, or, if so, to a very small extent.” Glucose, as referred to in the above statements means dextrose. It also seems logical to assume that the feeding of dextrose, in reasonable amounts, follow- ing excessive muscular activity, should restore depleted carbohydrate reserves not only rapidly, but with the least pos- sible derangement of digestive processes. Sa ae Prevention OF Over-Training By GEORGE EDWARDS Head Basketball Coach—University Of Missouri . This article was written for “THE FIRST AIDER” in 1934. We are reprinting it for three reasons. (1). Be- cause many of our regular coaches are in the Service and others must pinch-hit for them. (2). Because we consider it the best training article we have ever pub- lished, (3). It is timely. From the technical angle, the coach of any sport designs the prac- tice sessions with two main object- jves in mind. First, he wishes to aid his players in development of indi- vidual skill and weld them into a smooth working team; and, second- ly, he hopes to bring about a fine balance between mental and physi- cal conditions of each athlete to insure the most efficient perform- ance in the approaching contest. Simultaneously, then, the coach is both TRAINING and CONDITION- ING his players. Coaching methods are good or bad, according to the manner in which these two. factors are handled in the practice periods. If attempts to build excellent perform- | ance are stressed in long or hard workouts there is a grave danger that the physical or mental condi~ ~ tioning may rob the player of an ability to make the best use of his acquired skill when faced with the stress of stiff competition. On the other hand, should the practices be too short, too few, or too easy, the conditioning factors may be handled properly but the necessary skill will be lacking. Under each situation a game may be lost to| twenty minutes. opponents who ordinarily are weaker. It is obvious, then, that the rela- tionship between TRAINING and CONDITIONING often are an- tagonistic. Unquestionably the big- gest problem in coaching is to keep these two factors in relative harm- ony and proper balance. We know more about TRAINING than CONDITIONING, because re- sults are more obvious and easier to measure accurately. By charts, by records and by observation each coach has standards of accomplish- ment by which he rates the ability of each player, but there are few definite measurements of his stage of conditioning. Of the two phases of conditioning, physical and men- tal, the former lends itself to the more accurate rating. Weight vari- ations for instance, tell us a lot about physical shape, but where’ is the coach who can know in ad- vance whether or not his players have the highest degree of mental balance? Our tests of skill and phys- ical condition may indicate a fine preparation for competition, but only the game performance shows us if the boy or team is “hot”. If proper mental condition is missing, little can be done about it, and the coach is forced to squirm on the bench while he suffers the agony of watching his boys operate far below their normal standards. An honest coach must put the respons- ibility for this failure squarely on his own shoulders for obviously he failed to recognize in the practice sessions the warnings of staleness which were present there. Mental factors are so complex that while we never can be cer- tain of our rating so as to tell just what will happen, nevertheless there are some facts regarding the sub- ject which point the way to pre- vention of overtraining, commonly known as staleness. This article will attempt to explain some of these facts. Hither through sad ex- perience or by study, the veteran coach has the facts at hand and makes expert use of them. Young coaches, however, often become so engrossed with the development of skill that. they ignore these nervous aspects of performance. Readers are advised to go beyond the scope of this summary and make a close study of “The Psychology of Coach- ing”, by Coleman R. Griffith. Physicak accuracy and control, and good judgment, which are the most important features of fine performance, arise in the nervous system. Staleness impairs one or more of these features and conse- quently is more mental in character than physical. Means for detection and prevention, then, must come from the science of psychology. At least two of the Laws of Learning have direct application on this sub- ject. One of these is the Law of Effect, which states that the individual tends to repeat and learn quickly those activities which are interesting and satisfying. Continued INTER- EST, then, is a most important learning factor. Knowing this, the wise coach designs practice sessions which will please his players. En- thusiasm runs high in early season. but if practice drills become monot- onous, too long, or too strenuous, it drops off quickly. Unless practices are changed, they become not only a waste of time, but the player ac- tually will develop a dislike for the Sport or for the coach. Complete absence of interest is extremely easy to recognize, but the | steps by which it has been lost are so small that they are not obvious. Some of the first indications are, unusual quietness, which often ap- proaches sullenness in practice; missing scheduled work-outs for Tepeated trivial reasons; crabbing be- repeated tardi- hess; inability or refusal to con- _centrate while the coach js making tween teammates; There are still earlier indications which might be noted. A normal youngster is ambitious, comparative- ly exhuberant, somewhat hilarious and mischievous when he is happy. While a coach musz control these expressions to some extent, he should fee] alarm when they are missing. Take “fun” out of the |practices and staleness soon creeps in. Diagnose the remarks made by your players, note their actions in the dressing room and during rest periods. The boys unconsciously will indicate the state of their morale, and the wise coach pays close attention to these signs. Aloof- ness may aid your professional dig- jnity but it certainly will kill your icontacts which prevent staleness, 1 | Another psychological fact of 'value to the coach is stated in the | Law of Frequency which informs |us that there are individual psysio- | logical and mental time limits for | efficient progress of the learning ; Process, and that after these time j limits are reached no _ learning |takes place. According to Griffith, |the time limit for most tasks such | as Single skills like basket shooting, | dribbling etc. is approximately | After TWENTY MINUTES,’ or ‘less, a boy fails to learn any more {about any stunt. Not only does he fail to improve, but he loses interest ‘in that stunt and will not want to ‘repeat it. Yet we all have been ; guilty of sending our teams through ‘a drill or a scrimmage, and if the performance is poorer than expect- ;ed we have gritted our teeth and j growled, “That is terrible. You fellows | either do that right or you keep at i it until you do.” Psychology definitely has proved that such procedure is wrong, and that only the coach is to blame if under such a method the players lose interest and fold up at a crit- ical time. our various games know that the types of activity must be varied or rest periods provided. An inning in baseball consumes about twenty minutes. Football is divided into fifteen minute periods. Basketball liod of effort longer than twenty ‘minutes. Unquestionably, the time to be devoted to practice should be divided along the same lines. In addition to this necessary vari- ation of activity, the Law of Freq- uency has important bearings on the number and length of practices. This can be noted in other lines of learning in which school mast- fers recognize this law by limiting concentration on each scholastic subject to one hour or less per day, with seldom more than five such !periods per week. Also they apply 'it by lightening the effort just pre- ceding important tests when they fuse reviews and cease attempts to add new material. .After all, coaches are teachers and ; methods useful in one line of teach- ling should have equal force in ath- \letics. Yet we find teams being "sent through. two-hours work-outs five days a week with the expecta- fion that they will be in good form on the sixth. We extract all of a boy’s physical and mental energy in hard practices and shift the re- sponsibility when there is nothing left for the test. A reasonable application of some of the items listed below will go far toward the prevention of/over- training: Of course, these often re- quire some sacrifice of skill de- velopment. Still, better results are usually obtained if desire and de- termination are present than if de- pendence is placed on skill without these attributes. 1. Write out the practice sched- ule carefully in advance, and don’t permit the stress of the workout to lead'to drastic changes. . 2. Arrange stunts and_ scrim- ‘mages so that there is variation every fifteen or twenty minutes. Carry a watch and adhere strictly to the prearranged time schedule. 3. Limit total concentrated prac- |tice time to approximately ONE HOUR with some adaptations for individuals and for large squads with restricted facilities. (4.) Plans for pre-season work- outs should include not more than two exhausting sessions per week i with two or three easier periods. | | 5. After the playing season is under way, three or four practices :a week are enough and only one of these should be exhausting. | 6. Call off all practices the day | before a game, or at least permit jonly a twenty or thirty-minute easy \ warm-up. ; Under such a schedule, the team probably will not reach a high peak leafy in the season, but the coach | wll have the satisfaction of watch- ing. his squad reach a high level necessary explanations; and indif-jand either maintain it or improve ferent or careless performance. as the weeks roll past, THE FIRST AIDER—Published by the Cramer Chemical Co., Gardner, Kansas Those responsible for the rules of ‘has similar divisions, with no per- | Suggested Treatment For Nose Bleeding Place cold towels on the back of the neck, across the forehead and the bridge of the nose. Roll up some cotton-and place in the mouth between the teeth and the upper lip. Put some cotton on an applicator, saturate it with Nitrotan—insert in the nostrils and hold against the bleeding area—if possible. If not possible, saturate cotton with Nitro- tan and plug both nostrils. Have the patient breath through the mouth. |panies require a permit for stor- age of gasoline and if the cost were only two cents per $100, this would amount to $200 additional insur- |ance cost on a $100,000 building. Would you want to assume the | responsibility for fire or increased imsurance rates for the small dif- ference in cost between Tape Re- mover and gasoline? AS Appoint some managers and in- struct them in their responsibilities. This will give you more time to worry—when the “heats on”! Don’t overlook the girls when appointing assistants. Girls aré here to stay, it seems - and are really capable persons. ne Printed Again By Request “The Dream of a Character Builder” was written in 1938 by L. It was first introduced at the American It was printed Perkins of our company. Football Coaches Convention in Chicago that December, in the January 1939 issue of “The First Aider”. We received many requests for extra copies. We were also asked E. for permission to change the names to fit local teams for local banquets. We suggest you try fitting in the names of your squad—and see what happens. The Dream of a Character Builder The day was hot, my boys were stale, Their suits hung on them like coats of mail. Page 3. to dry. Sweat shirts and socks should be laundered often. Follow these suggestions, and the care of your basketball squad and equipment will be just half the problem it might have been. F-A Fight The Flu 1. Drink plenty of water and fruit juices. 2. Don’t over eat. Eat lots of green vegetables, 3. Have proper elimination. 4. Get lots of sleep. 5. Keep feet warm and dry. 6. Take some exercise - outdoors - every day. 7. Ventilate sleeping but avoid drafts. rooms, 8. Avoid crowds, wherever possible. F-A Start your order with a bottle of NITROTAN. Take care of your team if you want them to take care of you! If nose bleeding is chronic, have an examination by your team physi- cian, F-A Play Safe With Tape Remover The use of gasoline: to remove adhesive tape is a dangerous prac- tice. In the past there have been some serious fires and explosions, even causing the death of athletes. Gasoline may seem economical, but is it? Somtimes insurance com- ONLY ONE KEYSTONE— We of America are in the midst of the greatest revolution of our history. The Revolutionary War, the Civil War, - these were revolutions - turning points in our national life. World War II has destroyed the normal existence of every family in our nation. Our boys are gone, our methods of trans- portation are unhinged, what we eat and the things we wear are rationed as necessities - every family and every individual is a part of the change. There is one keystone - and only one, that may link us to- gether. It is the American School System and its personnel! Eyery school room should be a citadel - a place where cour- age, sanity and steadfastness-of-purpose are taught by example. In times like these we are inclined toward hysteria. We have duties to perform, but we cannot concentrate on them. We try to fight the war with our boys when our obligations are to keep the home front on a steady keel - steady and ready for their return. The steam of our revolution blows off in Washington. The check valve may be- controlled in the school. 25 Years Old In Athletics We'd dropped the last four games we’d played In spite of well laid plans we’d made. I tried every play—then ordered the shower, My patience was gone and I’d turned sour. , -I sat there a while, like a great big sap Sore as a boil—then I picked up my cap. But when I reached the cool field house They were all gone—'twas as still as a mouse. I sat down for a minute before going to work When a tap on the shoulder brought me up with a jerk. A man of distinction was there: by my side He must have slipped in through the door that stood wide Says he, “You're just the fellow that I want to see “We're after a coach—they’ve selected me “To make you an offer—so here I go— “You can have anything—just don’t say No! “A contract for ten years is ready to sign “Just tell us what salary to place on the line. “We'll get you assistants—Frank Thomas and Kern “Lou Little, Carl Snavely—we have money to burn. “If you want Bernie Bierman to.coach on the line “Or maybe Fritz Crisler—that suits us just fine. “Andy Kerr or Dorias in the backfield would do “And maybe Gill Dobie and Stub Allison, too. “For end coach, get Dick Harlow of Harvard to come “With Faurot of Missouri—they’d sure make things hum. “To work out plays—there’s Bergman and Blaik “Fred Thomsen and Jennings and V. Green of Drake. “Of course, our scouts will be in the -press box “Harmeson, Josh Cody, Bachman and Cox. “Business managers? Oh, sure—we should have four, “Matty Bell, Irl Tubbs, Bunny Oakes and: Moore. “Clark Shaughnessy—a good publicity man “Will keep us in the ‘bright lights’ if anyone can. “Ducky Pond and Dick Romney could take care of travel “There’s nothing too hard for them to unravel. “You could have Harry Stuhldreher be water boy “With Biff Jones to help him—a real McCoy. “The stretcher bearers could be headed by Fry . “With Mal Stevens and Layden standing by. “If more were needed—there’s Sutherland and Shaw “A swell pair of beauties as ever I saw. “With Bible and Madigan carrying head-gear “Pop Warner with towels—and far in the rear “Bob Zuppke will lead in the mascot with care “My word, what a wonderful crowd will be there. “You'll have plenty of help—we’ll take care of that.” He put his hand on my head and gave me a pat. I opened my eyes—the man had fled The janitor’s broom had hit my head. I’d had a dream—I know it now But while it lasted—it sure was a “WOW.” The Feet sy Donk? A Sigh OF Rete With & 4. USE BEFORE WORK-OUT To Reduce Sweating and Blisters : AND FOR HEAT RASH ¥ CRAMER'S POWDER FOOT=BATHR —-_-METHOD of ATHLETE’S FOOT. Prevention and Treatment 1. Dry Feet Before Using Foot Bath 2. Work Powder Between Toes and Over 3. ‘Carry Adhering Powder Into Shoes (And Not On The Floor) AND AFTER WORK-OUT . To Give Lasting Protection, Dry Shoes, Reduce Foot Odors 5. A Good Soldier Doesn't Waste His Powder USE IN CROTCH OR UNDER ARMS TO PREVENT OR TREAT JOCK STRAP ITCH OR CHAFFING OF SKIN, Cramevr’s Foot @ Body Powder CRAMER CHEMICAL CO., Gardner, Kansas | MARKETED IN 514 OZ. SHAKER TOP CARTONS AND IN 10 AND 25 POUND PACKAGES Training In Basketball From a training angle, basket- ball presents possibly four major problems. They are: 1. How to dry. damp socks, and suits. supporters, .2, Shower temperature. A 8. Protection of players in cold weather. 4. Preservation of on hand equip- ment. (1). The drying of damp equip- ment is imperative from a health angle. Dampness promotes the growth of mold. Mold will hasten |the destruction of the fabric. This problem is one which must be answered by each coach. Damp- ness, the amount of available space, heat and ventilation, these must all be considered in arriving at a satisfactory answer. (2). There isn’t a great deal to be said about shower temperatures except that they must be kept down. The shower should be more of a rinse than a bath—where it is used daily. , (3). There is a lot to be said about player protection in cold weather, because playing form with- ‘out health is of little value. Protection of the head and neck \from cold. winds. Sudden cooling |of the body. Shoes allowed to be- j;come damp and cold. The answer |is obvious, and again it is a prob- !lem for each coach to handle in- | dividually. | We still think properly worded This card—actual size 14 in. by 11 in.—will now be included in each 10 pound and 25 pound bulk package of Cramer’s Foot & Body Powder. This card should be placed on the wall near the powder box—where your players can easily read the instructions. Insist that they carry NOTICE: Cramer’s Foot & Body Powder will not serve as an adequate or competent treatment for deep-seated cases of Athlete’s Foot or Jock Strap itch where there is much dead tissue. know nothing that may be safely’ used to penetrate this “shell” and kill the underlying fungi. The “Shell” must be removed or keratolyzed be:fore a product of any kind can do its work effi- ciently. The term “Lasting Protection” in the card above means from day to day protection and implies the daily use of the Powder Foot-Bath by the athlete. the adhering powder into the shoe—and not onto the floor. ' Instruct your players to. pick up a small | amount of powder when they are standing in the foot-bath and place some in the crotch, under the arms or on any place where the skin is irritated and has been rubbed. | talks with your players will go a |long way toward answering these | problems. | . (4). Preservation of your basket- | ball, your basketball shoes, and |other equipment is imperative - if you expect to continue play and help the war effort. | Keep the suits clean. Keep the | basketballs cleaned and waxed with |“Cramer’s Liquid Ball Cleaner”. |Supporters should be washed in jeter soap suds, rinsed in clear We water and laid out, not hung out, | OBSTACLE COURSE— (Continued from columns 1 and 2, page 1) Additional Suggestions It is a good policy to make short breaks and clear the obstacle course of contestants occassionally. This may take 3 to 7 min- utes, depending upon the length of the obstacle course. It will Permit a quick checkup between the two recorders on the finish line and the recorder at the start. By using letters of the alphabet in connection with the num- bers, it is easy to separate groups, such as battalions or classes. It is important that the timer and his assisting recorder be the coolheaded type. Contestants may bunch up at the finish, and if the officials freeze mentally, it is easy to make a mess of it. Contestants can figure out their own running time, if they know their starting time, and listen for their finish time as, it is called out. General Suggestions During our twelve months of experience in planning, con- structing and operating obstacle courses, we have learned sev- eral lessons that may be of value to others. ‘The complete standardization visable because local conditions must be considered. Streams, hills, trees, rocks and other natural obstacles should be used to advantage. However, experience has shown that certain ob- stacles should be eliminated, because of extreme hazards and little value in training and conditioning. Here are some points to keep in mind when determining the order of obstacles. of obstacle courses is not ad- (1) The first 2 to 4 obstacles should be fairly easy, to’ avoid any bottlenecks. (2) The last 2 or 3 obstacles should not be too difficult and should not be high-climbing obstacles, in order to avoid injuries and falls when contestants are fatigued. (3) Obstacles should vary somewhat as to group muscles used; that is, if one obstacle is a climbing obstacle, where the use of the shoulder and the arms particularly come into play, the fol- lowing obstacle should stress, primarily, the use of the legs. (4) The ideal distance between obstacles is from 20 to 30 yards. Suggestions For Constructing Obstacle Courses (1) The course should be wide enough and the obstacle so built as to allow from 6 to 8 boys to run at one time. This will permit keener competition. y (2) The lanes for the first 2 or 3 obstacles should be wider than those that. follow, to permit 6 or 8 boys to run abreast. As the race continues, the contestants will tend to scatter along the course and there will be no further need for wide obstacles. (3) The obstacles should be built firmly. Peeled logs 6 to § inches in diameter are ideal for many of the obstacles. Use of logs gives the course a naturally rustic appearance and will also reduce expense. (4) Sharp points and corners should be eliminated. Landing places from jumps or vaults should have sand or sawdust, to prevent injuries. (5) The course should be constructed and marked so that it will be impossible to sidestep or detour obstacles. Signs should be placed to clarify any doubtful route. (6) If possible, the start and the finish of the course should be so planned, to allow one official to control both start and finish. A horseshoe-shaped course or one shaped in a figure 8 will definitely permit this. (7) If some of the obstacles prove too difficult for the con- testants, an alternate course around the obstacles should be con- structed; this alternate course should take more time to cover than the time required for going over the obstacles. * Suggestions Ver Order Of Obstacles () Hurdle (2% feet). (2 Fence vault (4% feet). (3) Log balance run. (4) Wall climb (7 to 8 feet). (5) Dodge run. (6) Bear trap. (7) Under-cover run with. deep sand as base. (4 feet high, 60 feet long). (8) Hand over hand walk (9 feet high, 15 to 20 feet long). (9) Under, over, under. (10 Jungle maze. (11) High knee-action run. (12) Rope swings. (13) Tunnels (2% feet high). (14) Fence climb (14 feet to 18 feet). \ (15) Straddle run. (16) Monkey climb. (Horizontal rope stretched across a sand pit 20 feet long and 7 feet high. Hands and feet used in hang- ing position - upside down). (17) A checkerboard run. (18) Under, over, under. (19) Hurdle. Another good obstacle is the cargo net climb, about 18 feet high. The nets may be difficcult to obtain at this time. The. age of the contestants must be considered in building the obstacle course. If the course is built for boys of junior high school age, naturally, the course should be much shorter and some obstacles lower. The length of the run assigned, of nec- essity, must depend upon the condition and age ofthe contest- ants. A Few Additional Points (1) After running the course, the contestant should walk around until fairly rested. (2) No drinking of water should be permitted until contestants are well rested. (3) Contestants who have difficulty in certain obstacles should have special instruction on the proper way to negotiate these obstacles. Page 4 / THE FIRST AIDER—Published by. the Gamer @rentcal Co., Gardner, Kansas NITROTAN An efficient germicide for treating new super- ficial athletic wounds. Combinés the , astrin- gent property of Tan- nic Acid with the mild- ly anesthetic property of Benzyl-Alcohol. Wholenate School Price 4-02. Bottle. $0.75 Pint ;Bottle_._-__._ 1.95. Quart Bottle. 2.95 Gallon Bottle. 7.50 CAUTION—Use only as directed! ISO-PINE with Oxyquinoline Sul- fate-Germicidal. — Suggested for cleaning old or infected wounds after washing with Li- quid. Soap. 4 Fl, Oz. bottle —.$0.25 Pint bottle _.... 0.40 Our dealers still have pint and quart sizes in stock. CAUTION—Use only as directed! ATHLETIC RUBDOWN-LINI- MENT—Oil Base An active counterim- tant rcubdown. Permits vigorous massage with- out drying out under the hands. Y%-Pint Bottle_.$0.60 Pint Bottle 1.00 Quart Bottle 1.50 Gallon Bottle... 3.75 CAUTION—Use only as directed! TUF-SKIN / Contains Tannic Acid and the active ingredi- ents of Benzoin Com- pound. Intended to toughen the skin, help prevent “tape rash” and facilitate’ removal of tape. Dries faster than Benzoin Compound. Y-Pint Bottle__.$0.90 Pint Bottle__.__._ 1.65 Gallon Bottle. 8.90 CAUTION—Use only as directed! . LIQUID BALL CLEANER A liquid for cleaning and waxing the leather et footballs and basket- halls. Mold resisting. est 9 PEGI LUST ed Pint Bottle._—_________ $0.60 ' Gallon Bottle. oe O05) TR. BENZOIN COMPOUND Differs from U.S.P. only in that.Specia) Dena- fn tured Ethyl Alcohol is, 4 e used. Used to paint on # <& the skin before tape is === CRAMERS | applied. Helps prevent “tape rash.” Facilitates removal of tape. Pint Bottle $1.75 Quart Bottle.-___.. 2.95 Gallon Bottle. — 9.90 CAUTION—Use only as directed! Teg BALL CLEANER An efficient lew priced leather soap for cleaning all! leather balls and shoes. au $0.45 STRINGENT a A pleasing, non-alco. holic gargle. Prepared from Chlorthymol, Gly- cerin, Boric Acid, So- dium Borate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Chloride and Oil of Cassia. ae 4-02. Bottle____.$0.30 Pint Bottle. seater tO) Quart Bottle. 1.40 Gallon Bottle..____._ 2.85 CAUTION—Use only as directed! LIQUID SOAP—With Oxyquinoline Sulfate ‘Used to remove dirt and debris from open wounds, strawberries, mat and pad burns. An _ indispensable training room item. %-Pint Bottle .. Quart Bottle. Especially prepared for . athletic use. ———- $0.25 T-oz. Can... Contains ten first aid products in smaller sizes. Ideal for grade, ward or rural schools; also, for the car or vacation or home use, Order from your Dealer. | | Medical Dictionary | intelligent coaches, The First Aider Published by THE CRAMER CHEMICAL CO. GARDNER, KANSAS EDITORS Chuck Cramer Frank Cramer / The First Aider is published for she exchange of ideas regarding the sonditioning and training of ath- ‘fetes, the discussion of training coom problems and the care and sreatment of minor injuries in ath- etics. January 1944 Volume XIII No. A Statement Of Policy Regarding Label Claims It is quite possible that we may jhave been .a bit over-enthusiastic concerning Cramer products and what they will do, in our statements in the “First Aider” in the past. Statements made in the “First Aider” actually constitute a part of the label and must be considered as’ such. We have, for instance,, stated that Nitrotan will check or stop bleeding. We certainly did not wish to convey the impression that Nitro- tan could be used to check or stop, for instance, arterial bleeding or hemorrhage. We do, however, re- commend its use to stop capillary bleeding from superficial skin le- sions. We know, from laboratory tests, that the preparation is germi- cidal; that it reduces the pain of such wounds. We have recently stated that Cramer’s Foot and Body Powder may be used to cure as well as pre- vent Athlete’s Foot, Jock Strap Itch, etc. We know definitely that the preparation has cured many of such cases, but we do not know that it will cure all of such cases for the simple reason that it has not been tried on all of such cases, '/Tt is quite probable that no pre- paration could be considered as adequate for treating all such cases. The same statements should be made concerning Cramer’s Foot Ointment. Cramer’s Athletic Stringent will not check or prevent influenza. tonsilitis or like afflictions, and it is probably safe to say that no gargle will. The beneficial effects obtained with gargles generally are chiefly mechanical, but these are considered sufficient to warrant their use in the prevention or treat- ment of colds or sore throats. But they must be considered first aid at best. Cramer’s Athletic Liniment, like other Cramer products, is made expressly for athletic use. We do not claim the product’ to have special penetrating powers. We do know, after twenty-five years of use by coaches and trainers all over the country, that the product is a good counterirritant, that it works ideally as a massaging med- ium. The latest edition of Gould’s (5th edition) defines a counterirritant as a “drug which attracts blood to the sur- face’. The same volume defines counterirritation as “superficial in- flamation produced artificially, in order to exercise a good effect upon some deepseated morbid process”. Cramer’s Analgesic Balm, Red Hot Ointment, and Inhalant all contain counterirritant ingredients and may be considered to produce counterirritant effects. False label or advertising claims accomplish nothing. They merely cloud the issue for the, reader. Our readers, the majority of whom are trainers and physical education personnel, choose their trainer’s supplies carefully, 1 |with a knowledge based on experi- ence. Trying to fool them would be like trying to cheat at solitaire. F-A TIME OUT—Continued from Page 1, Col. 8. lived on the rivers. They fought Indians. They were physically fit Americans— “Just a minute, professor,’— comes from: a kid in the back row, “Don’t you think they could have scalped more injuns if they had had their vitamins?” Maybe the youngster has some- thing there, and thinking it over again, maybe he doesn’t. Today, if we break a leg, we are told to eat a vitamin. If we are con- stipated—take a vitamin. If we want to be patriotic—take a vita- min. ( Now this vitamin business is all right for what it was originally in- tended—to help those who were deficient in something; but to use vitamins in place of food goes be- yond reason. We use B1 in our dextrose tablets. We believe it has merit in this par- ticular instance, but we refuse to subscribe to the belief that vita- mins replace ham and eggs. We are a nation of faddists. We are either on a reducing diet or we’re too skinny. A little horse sense could be used at this time, and it might be wise to start using it today. We / TREE CLIMB / &CRO55 OVER f © “@ 1257. tapbER sume @ stRapLE RUN © pear TRAP an sal @® wanv-over- @ ZIG-ZAG BALANCE 8 CARGO NET DH acess HAND LADDER Y ai ee SN TRENCH JUMP “gay s IRDS i, 05 of WBN Gy pas 1S co —- “LOG HAND- ~~ OVER- HAND Good ' Posture | It seems that this is a good time to emphasize the necessity for good posture. The military recognized this problem years ago and spent many hours in teaching the correct , way to stand and walk. | ; There is nothing difficult ahout ‘acquiring good posture. “Standing tall” - squarely on both feet, will correct a great part of the diffi- culty. | Many people, when standing carry the weight on one foot, while {turning the other leg and foot out {and to the side. This becomes a, ‘habit - and with the habit, curva- jee of the spine may develop. | Our Maker gave us. two feet to stand on and walk with. We should use them equally. He gave us ab- dominal muscles with which to hold in our stomach. If he had in- tended that we use a belt for this purpose he would have furnished jit as-a part of nature’s “G. I” ; equipment. Let’s put a little consideration on posture—it’s a step in the right direction, F-A Take Care Of Your ‘Scissors Here are two hints about the care of your bandage scissors: Oil them once a month. Clean the cutting blades daily. When blades are covered with ad- hesive they will not cut. This will tend to spring the set screw. Take care of what you have - they may have to take care of you - for the duration. CRANKS IN Columbia, one of our most famous schools, didn’t win a game during the recent football season. We don’t think it fitting that this record be placed in the annals of sport without com- ment—so we are expressing our opinion. Our hats are off—to Columbia. ‘All losses—no alibis—not even a whimper! We call them red, white and blue Americans. They grade in our ledger at 100% on effort, courage, sportsmanship and war effort. We also take off our hats to all of the other Columbias across the nation, both high school and college,—who didn’t surrender before the first shot was fired! Keep Benzoin and Tuf-Skin In Glass The chemical make-up of Tr. Benzoin Compound and Tuf-Skin is such that if these products are dispensed in metal containers a black discoloration or precipitation may form. This happens because of the tannin and other incompatibles in the gums of Benzoin and by the addition of Tannic Acid in Tuf- Skin. It has been the habit of some coaches to pour some of these li- quids into a tin can for convenience in painting ankles. We sug- gest a glass jar be used as the metal of the can may destroy a part of the active principles of the liquid. An empty pound ointment jar makes an ideal container. The method is thoroughly discussed on page 5—The Training Room Man- ual. ORE A Smelling Salts For ‘The Basketball Players Smelling Salts should be your most used first aid product. When properly used, it is con- sidered a safe respiratory stimulant. Breathing a little of the fumes at each time-out will help hasten a return to normal breathing. e Time-out is arranged in the rules to allow a period of rest— make the most of it! Take full advantage of this period. Get out on the floor—use cold towels on the face and back of the neck—give just enough water to freshen the mouth—and use Smelling Salts to help, revive each player. The rule book and rule makers have set up this time-out schedule for the protection of the players, and don’t forget that the paying public likes to see the boys taken care of. REMOVER NEL NOW BURN OR EXPLODE | A Victory | | ‘Course | | i | Here’s a bird’s eye view of Gon- | zaga University’s famous obstacle - course, the Sammy Grashio Victory | , Course. It honors one of Gonzaga’s , | war heroes, Lieutenant Sammy | | Grashio of the Army Air Corps, now | a Japanese prisoner of war in the | |Philippines. | | Considered one of the toughest | and most rugged courses in the} |country, still it is not necessarily | a dangerous one. Undoubtedly, it | is one of the best of body builders. ! Compact, complete, interesting, it) affords vigorous exercise and a de- | finite challenge to any young man. | \ | Its 470 yards embraces 28 ob: | stacles (several set in concrete) and | tis designed to test the angi vid ues every muscle as well as his stamina, | strength, agility and muscular co- | ordination. All construction was | done with stripped cedar logs and finished with’a double Old English oil application. Four minutes is a good time for the course. The course was designed by Gon- zaga’s Athletic Director, , Arthur | Dussault, S. J. He also supervised ‘construction. Here is “fitness and fun” com- bined to make pleasure out of the attaining of physical fitness. Show this picture to your principal, dis- cuss the possibilities with him. This type of exercise is a definite aid to the war! effort and will undoubt- edly become a permanent part of the national athletic program after the war. SUPE ROR Editors Note:—Since the above !copy was written Captain Samuel \C. “Sammy” Grashio has escaped ‘from a Japanese prison, and re- jturned to this Country. This is good news—but his story must wait. In the meantime, his course is in operation and used daily by many boys. F-A Cuts On The Lip--- In The Mouth---Are Frequent Basket- ball Injuries In cases where an athlete is kicked or bumped in the face and superficial cuts occur on the inside of the mouth, saturate a piece of cotton with Nitrotan—place it on the inside against the injury and pack additional cotton over the area between the cheek and the teeth. Leave this dressing in con- tact with this area for 30 minutes. During this period the athlete may be returned to play. This same procedure can be used where there are cuts on the lip. Saturate a thin strip of cotton with Nitrotan and lay over the cut |. —extend it well into the inside of the lip and down on the outside. Pack the inside — between the teeth and lip with extra cotton and leave on for 30 minutes. In all severe cases, have the ath- lete see the team physician im- mediately. If there is any injury to the teeth, it is a job for the dentist. ) F-A Use Inhalant in the nostrils | t on.a dusty court—and remember— whether playing or just practicing all courts are dusty! CRAMER’S FOOT AND BODY POWDER School Prices Bigs Ons Cant ieee male eeeen ion ees sete OL eraser $6.25 F. 0. B. GARDNER, KANSAS Order from Your Sporting Goods Dealer Foot Blisters— In Basketball The feet take the brunt of the: punishment handed out in basket- ball. Sudden starts, stops and pivots, added to the continual ham- mering up and down the court— make the feet sting and ache. Most coaches recommend two pairs of socks. ‘They feel that the inner pair moves with the feet— the outer pair with the shoes. This theory is at least partially true— providing the shoes are properly fitted to each individual pair of feet. We think that the “powder foot- bath” used before practice and game, ;and after the shower, will do much |to increase foot comfort and play- ability. Basketball’s speed and variety of movement develops two types of blisters. (1) The ordinary friction blister. (2) “The pinch” or “blood blister” so often found on the sides of the heels where they touch the inner heel of the shoe. (See Treatment of Blood Blisters on the Heely “A Training Room Man- ual’—page 43). The powder will reduce the friction, and we believe it deserves your serious considera- tion in attempting to reduce one of ae greatest hazards of basket- ball. F-A Playing Pointers The tired player is one the most likely to get hurt. so 2 *€ 8 ATHLETIC OINTMENT—Antiseptioc To be used as & protec- tive dressing over su- perficial cuts, boils, blis- ters, strawberries, etc. a 2-02. jar $0.45 pony 4-02, jar 5 Pound Jar__.___._ 1.85 CAUTION—Use only as directed! FOOT OINTMENT—Antiseptio Contains oxyquinoline sulfate, sodium thiosul- fate, salicylic acid and 4 sulfur. UTE 2-02. TAM recennnn $0.50 “sat od. Pound Vars. 7295 CAUTION—Use only as directed! RED HOT OINTMENT Applies the rubefacient and counterirritant pro- perties of capsicum to- 4 ward the relief of sore muscles, sprains, and bruises. FSCS CI ae PID vp Should not be used um der a bandage. 2-02. Jar .. 40%, SAL so POUNG JaPnncmnne 1,90 CAUTION—Use only as directed! ANALGESIC BALM Milder in effect tham | Red Hot Ointment. May | be applied as an “an- algesic pack” or used under a heat lamp. Contains Methyl Sali- cylate and Menthol. PST eZ POINT reas ER <= _ 2-02. Jar ..... K 4-02. Jar... 1.00 Pound Jar. 2.50 CAUTION—Use only as directed! FIRM GRIP An excellent, non-slip paste, cuts fumbling to @ minimum. SMELLING SALTS 1 A simple respiratory | stimulant developed es- i pecially for Athletic use. Does not spill out when used with athlete in Wrinkled socks help to cause ; blisters. prone position. eee tt l-oz. Bottle $0.55 Keeping the feet DRY and CAUTION—Use only as directed! WARM will help prevent many , colds. , ‘TAPE REMOVER * * * * Damp, sweaty uniforms—used COG cSaeanee without proper drying and clean-/ sive tape resdiue—non- ing—will cause galled skin. inflanimanie es * * & 1 Pint Bottle...._...$0.90 Protect the neck of the basketeer from cold winter winds. s ees More blunders occur in training basketball teams than in coaching them. ~ F-A Tuf-Skin or Benzoin, Tape Re- mover, Firm-Grip, Liquid Ball Cleaner—these are “musts” in bas- ketball! 1 Gallon Bottle... 6.00 oes ROSIN BAGS , Powdered rosin mix- * ture in convenient bags which dusts out as needed. A standard in big league base- ball—suitable for all sports. 1 Dozen in Box.....$1.95 morale for war. SPORTS IN THE ATTACK In the midst of the most thorough and effective job of war-making this nation ever has done sports are having a boom. The greater part of the participation is at Army and Navy establishments but sports for the war- working civilian populace also have been unexpectedly active this year. The reason for this is plain and sound. Sport competition is founded in the spirit of attack. A nation that is conditioned to be on the offensive and to withstand the set-backs of the opposition’s attacks is a nation with solid . . e . . . . ‘ . . A wartime increase of interest and activity in sports is as logical as a wartime increase in the munitions business. JOHN L. GRIFFITH, President, The Athletic Institute, Inc. : The First Aider is made possible by your purchases of Cramer’s _ First Aids and Trainer’s Supplies. Return in Pive Days to underwrite its cost THE-FIRS? AIBDER Published by THE CRAMER CHEMICAL CO. GARDNER, KANSAS USE CRAMER'S FIRST AIDS Return Postage Guaranteed ATHLETIC DIRECTOR In no other way can we U, 5. POSTAGE Sec. 662 P. L. & R. Paid ~ ery} ansae MIT NO. 1 Gar OR PRINCIPAL HIGH SC January, 1944 HOOL y