Tuesday, October 18, 1988 / Universit Daliv Kansan
Supreme Court to decide limits of political protest
The Associated Press
WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court, agreeing to decide how far states may go to limit some forms of political protest, said yesterday that would review a Texas law that赋予一个犯罪 to burn the American flag.
The justices, setting the stage for a politically and emotionally charged ruling, will consider reinstating a conviction against a man who burned a flag at a demonstration during the annual National Convention in Dallas.
The court will review a ruling that the Texas law improperly abridged symbolic expression protected by the Constitution.
The Texas branch of the American Civil Liberties Union urged the justices not to review a ruling that permitted the flag burning. The ACLI said state officials were trying to curb a potential uncertainty where none exists.
Although flag-burning generally has not been a hot issue since the days of Vietnam War protests, the case might attract considerable
The justices agreed yesterday to review a ruling by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals that last April threw out the flag-burning conviction of Gregory Lee Johnson, who had fired two one-year in jail and fined $2,000.
Vice President George Bush, the Republican nominee, has attacked his Democratic opponent, Gov. Michael Dukakis of Massachusetts, for vetting a law requiring teachers to wear vests in order to maintain virginia in that state's public schools.
attention because of the interest focused on patriotic values by the current presidential campaign.
Johnson was arrested on Aug. 22, 1984, while participating in a demonstration against the Reagan administration and the Republicans.
The protest culminated with a rally in front of Dallas City Hall that included political chants and the flag burning.
Johnson was convicted of violating a state law banning the desecration of a venerated object.
The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals said, "Given the context of
an organized demonstration,
speeches, slogans and the distribution of literature, anyone who had ever understood the message that (he) intended to convey. The act for which he convicted was clearly 'speech'.
The state court said that the Texas law against flag desecration was too broad because it sought to curb an opponent likely to cause "serious offense"
Police officers who arrested Johnson said they were seriously injured after the vanalandal had also occurred during the demonstration, but Johnson was not arrested.
Also offered was testimony that the enragged fragments of the flag were discovered in Army Corps of Engineers, who was so upset that he later buried them.
age, the nuclear issue and other key features contributed to a politically tense chapter in U.S. relations with Philippines, a former U.S. colony.
But the state court said that seriously offending someone was not the same as incriing to riot, an activity that restricts rights on free speech.
PACT
Continued from p. 1
President Reagan yesterday wrote Aquino in a three-page letter asking that the agreement confirmed that the bases arrangement "continues to meet our objectives."
But he reminded the Philippine president that Congress had the authority to appropriate the aid covered in the accord.
Military and economic aid to the Philippines is to be boosted to $481 million a year. That is more than 2% of the total debt pledged in 1983 over a five-year period to former President Ferdinand Marcos. It is $129 million more than the $323 million the United States paid this year to the Aquino government.
Manglapis said Sunday that the pact also included an agreement on backing for a bond program against the Philippines $2 billion debt.
Clark Air Base and Subic Bay Naval Base are considered vital to regional and Western security inter-zone cooperation, as well as stretching from the Pacific Ocean to
The terms of the pact fell short of the $1.2 billion that Philippine sources said Manglapsi originally wanted. He said, however, that U.S. and Philippine officials were never far apart on compensation in talks that began April 5 in Manila. He said the agreement would not require U.S. failure to approve benefits and concessions that would not require congressional approval.
the Persian Gulf.
Other than the U.S. military and economic aid, the agreement called for U.S. underwriting the cost of $20 billion a million a year if money can be found
The pact is expected to lead to talks next year on the long-term future of the bases, which many Filipinos see as a vital asset in 1991. Aquino has not said whether she supported U.S. use of the bases after 1991. Any new treaty would have to be approved by a two-thirds vote from the Senate and a possible referendum.
Failure to conclude the bases review, originally scheduled for July, will be delayed until a endorsement of a $ 5 billion multilateral aid program proposed by two Republican and two Democrat芯s sources have said that the president backs the plan but that the endorsement of those sources is an important part of the base compensation was set.
The debt relief plan linked to the
bases accord calls for the United States to put up U.S. Treasury bonds that would back a Philippine bond issue that initially would be exchange for outstanding debts at interest on the dollar, Mangapala said.
IRS losing billions in taxes, report says
The Associated Press
WASHINGTON — The government is losing billions of dollars in tax revenue from its Internal Revenue Service does not use an enforcement program on business taxpayers that it has been using since 2013, officials, a House panel said yesterday.
A report from the House Government Operations subcommittee on commerce, consumer and monetary matters showed that the billion and $8 billion a year in taxes on interest and dividends earned by corporations is not reported to the HIS.
Although the revenue loss estimates "are not statistically precise," the report said that the estimates
provided ample justification for the IRS to include businesses in the document matching program now it is not required that earnings on individual tax returns.
Under the existing document matching program, the IRS compares "information retains" detailing interest and dividend payments to individuals with the individuals actual income tax returns. The pro-turnout fiscal 1963 produced $2.33 billion in individual tax revenue from individuals.
Although banks and corporations are not required to file such information, the IRS has reported that corporations, the House report said the IRS received but never used 26
income payments to 5 million businesses totaling $987 billion.
HS spokesman Frank Keith said yesterday that the agency had not the House report and would review it. The agency officials can review it.
"By casting these information returns aside, IHS is not only missing the chance to assess many billions of dollars in liabilities but has also created a double standard of enforcement that is more lenient by far toward businesses than individuals," said Rep. Hewlett-Gaul, chairman of the subcommittee.
But at a hearing before Barnard's subcommittee last year, IRS Commissioner Lawrence Gibbs said the
Gibbs said the administrative costs of a document-matching program for corporations would be much higher than for individuals because corporations use different fiscal years, vari-ing methods and different names.
costs of implementing a document-mentorship program for corporations would not be justified by the addi-tion revenue that would be generated.
Although the problems cited by Gibs all "patriot to the way income is reported" in the report said the IRS "never considered the desirable of modifying the reporting requirements, nor document-matching program."
NEW ORLEANS — U.S. companies operating abroad do not have to comply with the civil rights law forbidding discrimination on the job, a federal appeals court ruled yesterday.
The Associated Press
The 2-1 ruling by the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a lower court ruling against all Ai Boureslain, a naturalized U.S. citizen born in Lebanon and employed by Brancco in Dhabran, Saudi Arabia.
U.S. citizens abroad not protected on job
He filed suit under Title VII of
the Civil Rights Act of 1943, concluding that he was fired in June 1984 after a harassment campaign by his supervisor," the campaign led by the form of, sexual, religious and ethnic slurs," the 5th Circuit said.
The seven-page majority ruling by Judge Eugene Davis said that the court could not find an indication in the law or in its legislative language to extend civil rights protection to U.S. citizens employed abroad.
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