UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
Friday, February 10, 1995
7A
Ex-senator Fulbright dies at 89
The Associated Press
WASHINGTON — Former Sen. J. William Fulbright, whose criticism of America's "arrogance of power" in Vietnam gave intellectual substance to the anti-war movement, died yesterday at 80.
Fulbright was an early mentor to Bill Clinton, who worked as a clerk in his Senate office while he was a student at Georgetown University and who, years later, awarded him the nation's highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. If it weren't for Fulbright, Clinton said yesterday at the White House, "I don't think I'd be here today."
Fulbright was the architect of the Fulbright scholarships, an international exchange program in which tens of thousands of students and teachers from more than 120 countries have gone abroad to study. He considered its creation, first financed by the sale of U.S. war property left overseas after World War II, among his finest achievements.
Because of it, he was particularly revered in Japan. The Arkansas Democrat was one of the few American legislators of this century whose name was known around the world.
Fulbright died of a stroke in his Washington home near the embassies on Massachusetts Avenue. He had been in frail health; an earlier stroke in 1993 limited his speech and movements. He used a
wheelchair
As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Fulbright presided over televised hearings in 1966 and 1967 that gave the stamp of legitimacy to anti-war sentiments then sweeping through the streets and campuses of America. The hearings helped turn the country against the war.
While others said the fall of Vietnam would threaten U.S. security, Fulbright said the war had choked domestic reform and was turning the Great Society into a sick society.
The hearings made Fulbright an unlikely hero to a generation a third his age — and brought him the wrath of Lyndon Johnson, who vowed not to be the first president to lose a war.
Fulbright laid out his views on the war and America's world role in a 1966 book, "The Arrogance of Power."
"Gradually but unmistakably," he wrote, "America is showing signs of that arrogance of power which has afflicted, weakened, and in some cases destroyed great nations in the past. In so doing, we are not living up to our capacity and promise as a civilized example for the world. The measure of our falling short is the measure of the patriot's duty of dissent."
Fulbright's greatest dismay had been his role in steering through the Senate the Tonkin Gulf resolution in August 1964, after two U.S. Navy vessels reported they had come under attack in that body of water off the coast of North Vietnam.
The resolution authorized Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel an armed attack and was cited by Johnson as the equivalent to a declaration of war. Only two senators opposed it. The genuineness of the attack has been questioned ever since.
"I should have been more alert at the time," Fulbright said 20 years later. "Not that it would have made the slightest difference in the course of affairs, but I'd feel better about myself."
On the other great issue of his times, Fulbright dragged his feet or opposed civil rights legislation. He felt he could not remain in the Senate if he championed the cause of Black Americans.
After serving one term in the House, he won the first of five Senate terms by defeating an Arkansas governor, Homer Adkins, in a runoff after a vicious primary campaign. Each candidate tried to outdo the other in identifying with the white race.
Fulbright had said that his views made him a realist, not the romantic his critics so often decried.
In May 1993, Clinton said in honor of Fulbright, "The American political system produced this remarkable man, and my state did, and I'm real proud of it."
Last May, Fulbright told a reporter
that Clinton was doing a fine job "but I don't think he realizes how difficult it is."
Fulbright's legislative career ended in 1974 when he lost the Democratic nomination to the Senate to Dale Bumpers. Speaking in the Senate yesterday, Bumpers said the two of them had patched up their differences about five years ago during a two-hour lunch.
Fulbright became a lobbyist, representing a number of foreign interests, several of them from Arab countries. In the Senate, he had been a sharp critic of U.S. support for Israel.
James William Fulbright was born April 9, 1905, and grew up in Fayetteville, Ark. His father was a banker, farmer and businessman. His mother wrote a column in the family-owned Fayetteville newsman.
Young Bill slopped hogs at age 17 for $60 a month, clerked in his father's mercantile, washed softdrink bottles and worked in the family-owned wagon-making factory.
He became a halfback for the Arkansas Razorbacks and a Rhodes Scholar. He toured Europe, obtained a law degree, married, became a law professor at Arkansas, and, in 1939 at age 34, was appointed university president.
He lost the job after his mother wrote in her column that in electing Homer Adkins as governor, Arkansans had preferred a backslapper to a statesman.
AIDS becomes an issue in murder trial
The Associated Press
LAUREL, Miss. — Jurors in the murder trial of a Black teen-ager who admitted killing two white homosexuals will be told one of the victims carried the AIDS virus, a judge ruled yesterday.
"It's weighed on my mind and my heart quite heavily," said Circuit Judge Billy Landrum. "I think the jury is entitled to know the whole fact in the case."
The prosecution contends that 17-year-old Marvin McClendon killed the two men in a robbery.
His lawyer maintains his client shot
Robert Walters, 34, and Joseph Shoemake, 24, while fighting off unwanted sexual advances and of fear that he might be infected with HIV.
AIDS tests were performed in October on the victims after their bodies were found near an abandoned railroad track.
Landrum previously ordered the test results sealed, but he changed his mind yesterday, allowing defense attorney J. Ronald Parrish to tell jurors that Walters had tested HIV positive. Shoemake's test was negative.
Assistant District Attorney Grey Burdick objected to the introduction
of the medical test results, saying McClendon never mentioned AIDS when he was questioned after the killings.
Parrish argued that Walters and Shoemaker were going around trolling for sex even though Walters knew he might be HIV positive.
Homosexual rights groups said Landrum's ruling could have nationwide implications.
"This is a very sad day for the civil rights of people living with AIDS and the HIV virus," said Beth Barrett of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force in Washington. "By petitioning to include the HIV status of the victims, the attorney is putting on trial Joseph Shoemake and Robert Walters for their own murders."
David Ingebretsen, who heads the Mississippi Chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union, said Lambert's ruling sent the message that it's OK to kill gay men who approach you because you might be frightened of what happens to you.
The case also has raised racial issues. McClendon's first trial was canceled last week because the 70-member jury pool lacked enough Black members. The 12-member panel seated Tuesday included five Blacks.
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