Thursday, November 3, 1977
University Daily Kansan
U.S. moves against South Africa
WASHINGTON (UPI)—Secretary of State Cyruz Vance yesterday announced the United States was recalling two diplomas from South Africa and was cutting off military and police equipment sales to the Pretoria government.
Vance told a news conference "these actions reflect our national concern in respect to the events in South Africa," where the white-minority government recently has cracked down on black political activity.
"The regrettable steps taken recently
have been a major step backwards," he said, announcing recall of the diplomats, the U.S. naval attaché from Pretoria and the commercial officer from Johannesburg.
The United States, he said, also will prohibit the export of spare parts and maintenance equipment for the police and fire services. In South Africa we were banned several years ago.
The secretary also told reporters President Jimmy Carter would push for an
Scientists investigate unusual form of life
WASHINGTON (UPI)—Research scientists yesterday proposed than an uncommon oxygen-hating microorganism may represent a "new" form of life with a line of descent older than any other creature on Earth.
Although scientists had known about these tiny organisms for several decades, they had not been studied in detail but were believed to be a form of bacteria that thrived on carbon dioxide and hydrogen and produced methane as their waste product.
A group of scientists headed by Carl Woese of the University of Illinois found instead that geneologically, these organisms were able to unlike bacteria as are higher organisms.
"The organisms are a distinct new class," the organizers said. "They are a third form of life on this planet."
This apparently is the first serious suggestion that there may be a third line of descent from what is believed to be a common ancestor of all living things on the planet. If substantiated by other scientists, the work would take researchers a significant step back in tracing the beginning of life.
The Illinois scientists' conclusions, published in the October issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, are expected to generate controversy among biologists. Woese said he anticipates this.
"The idea has to be worked over," he said.
"Scientists must attempt to destroy it in order to validate it."
Woese said the organisms, known as methanogens, resemble bacteria in their size and general growth characteristics, but not in their genetic history.
Scientists believe all forms of life evolved from some common ancestor starting four billion years ago. Up until it had been established that the human general life forms with distinct lines of descent:
Methanogens are found in places where there is no oxygen, such as the runen—first stomach—of cows, deep in stagnant marshes, in the muds of sea beds, including the Orange Bay, in seawave treatment plants and deep in the hot springs of Yellowstone.
- One give rise to bacteria or cells called procaryoids, which have a very simple form of organization with no membrane around their nucleus.
- The other leading to higher organisms such as plants and animals with cells called eucaryoids, which do have nuclear membranes.
Woose, a noted authority on genetics and evolution, said that by tracing back the ancestry of the new species,
False alarm called
A faulty smoke detector triggered a fire alarm yesterday at the recently completed Visual Arts Building, according to a manman for the Lawrence Fire Department.
Three fire trucks responded to the alarm, which sounded about 3 p.m.
The fire department always sends three trucks to respond to alarms at buildings on campus, the spokesman said. Only one truck is sent for grass or car fires.
oil price freeze during his planned nine-nation world trip which includes visits to four key OPEC members—Venezuela, Iran, Nigeria and Sudan Arabia.
Vance also;
his colleagues discovered the methanogens came from what they believe to be a third line of descent independent of the other two. They call this line "archebacteria."
Since the methanogens' genetic heritage apparently precedes some of the simplest of bacteria, called blue-green algae, that have been traced back to over 3 billion years ago, the Illinois researchers believe the methanogens "may well be older."
"I think it would be catastrophic if there should be an increase at this point in energy prices," he said.
"That fits in beautifully with the concept of chemical evolution," said Cyril Pomamura, a University of Maryland specialist on chemical evolution. "I'm delighted. The idea fits in very beautiful with the idea that life began in non-oxygenic conditions. It's a very exciting development."
This, Weise said, suggests the early oxygen-less environment of Earth might have been simpler than the "primalweave" of biochemists believe existed when life began.
Methanogens get their food and energy from carbon dioxide and hydrogen plus a simple nitrogen-containing substance, ammonia, and a simple form of sulphur.
Woese also said that since the methanogens consumed carbon dioxide, they might have reduced the abundance of that gas in the atmosphere and that could have played a pivotal role in Earth's physical evolution.
- Appeared less hopeful of a Geneva Mideast peace conference this year, but strongly reaffirmed the unconditional U.S. commitment to Israel's security.
- Welcome Soviet President Leonid Brezhnev's proposal to end all military and peaceful nuclear tests and said U.S.-Soviet arms control negotiations were making
- Said the United States would continue to speak out on the Soviet Union's treatment of women.
Officials of the 13 OPEC nations will meet in Caracas, Venezuela, in late December to consider another oil price increase. Vance said such a move could "set us back quite substantially" in holding the line on inflation and unemployment.
MOSCOW (AP)—Soviet President Leonid Brezhnev yesterday proposed a halt in nuclear explosions for all military and peaceful purposes during a speech marking the 60th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution.
The nuclear proposal marked the first time the Kremlin had been willing to include the use of nuclear weapons.
Brezhnev proposes halt in all nuclear explosions
The Soviet leader also reported the 1977 grain harvest was well below the target fixed by Soviet planners and even less than U.S. experts had anticipated.
The speech text carried by the official Tass news agency also included a proposal that "the nuclear powers could undertake to start the gradual reduction of existing such atomic weapons, and move towards their complete, total destruction."
Financial aid withdrawal criticized by Jane Fonda
MOUNT PLEASANT, Mich. (UPI)—Dow Chemical Co.'s withdrawal of financial aid to Central Michigan University following an anti-business speech on campus by Jane Fonda was blackmail, Fonda said yesterday.
In a copyrighted story by the campus newspaper, Fonda was also quoted as saying Dow officials employed "red-baiting" tactics in labeling her "an avowed cop assassinator" in a letter to CMU President Harold Harni that announced捐 of funds.
Fonda said that when a corporation gave money to a university, "they can't earmark and can't have political strings attached to them." She said she has provided food to a starving country and then
"They accused me of being a Communist sympathizer." Fonda said. An outspoken activist, she made a controversial trip to Hanoi during the Vietnam War. "This is a challenge," she meditated. If you don't agree with what some say, you call them a Communist."
KANAS SITY, Mo. (AP)—Allstate Insurance Co. has offered to repurchase 115 flood-damaged cars it sold to salvage and move them to a local flood flash hits the Kansas City area Sept. 12.
The insurance company's procedures were highlighted last week in a week-long series by KCMO-TV on the disposal of cars damaged by the flood.
Allstate ran full-pam page advertisements Wednesday in the Kansas City Times and Star, listing the year, model and serial numbers of each car. The dealers. Some of the cars were resold to
Offer made to rebuy flood cars
take it back if it refuses to adhere to U.S.
policies.
"As a result of questions they posed to us, we took a look at our procedures in disposing of the cars, specifically the 115 we disposed of at an auction," an Allstate spokesman said of the television station's inquiries.
individuals without notification that they were flood damaged.
In a speech Oct. 10, Fonda attacked big business as an emerging, tyrannical force that is attempting to rule the course of Americans' lives. Dow Chemical was one of several companies she named. She identified the firm as an industrial polluter.
"That's blackmail," she said, "and it shouldn't be part of our way of life in
The insurance company spokesman said the normal procedure in disposing of such cars was to send titles to the state motor vehicle department. But she said Allstate was in a hurry to move the cars off its lot and did not follow that procedure.
In a telephone interview with Central Michigan Life, Fonda said the fund cutoff was a perfect example of what she meant by corporate domination.
'Just as we saw in Watergate, when 'people raise their voices in opposition, those who did not rise have to do so.'
"The people in power will strike back. One way to take away freedom—shut them up, call them communists, keep them from being heard."
Paul F. Oreife, president of Dow Chemical USA, announced the fund cutoff in a letter to Abel written two days after Fonda's campus address. He said the company objected to the payment of a $3,600 million settlement advocated "the overthrow of our country."
Oreffice had indicated the funding would be restored once the company was assured its grants were not being used to finance such speeches.
Abel said Wednesday he believed the matter could be resolved,without any sacrifice of freedom of expression or the university's "intellectual independence."
Breznev omitted this point when delivering the speech, and Western observers said later they thought the omission might have resulted either from a last-minute revision or from an inadvertent slip-up in reading the text.
Washington's initial reaction to Brezhnev's nuclear suggestions was favorable, but State Department officials said he was ambiguous on several points.
Both the United States and the Soviet Union staged underground text explosions last week. Western monitors reported the Soviets set off a double explosion in Siberia Friday and the United States exploded a missile face with a 20 kiloton blast last Wednesday.
tons, the lowest since the 1975 grain harvest disaster. This year's crop was 19 million tons below the target and a sharp drop from the 1976 record crop of 223.8 million tons. The 1975 decade-low grain crop amounted to 140 million tons.
The Soviets' disappointing harvest raised the prospect of increased imports from the United States and higher U.S. grain prices following general domestic market
The text's proposal to reduce stockpiles of nuclear weapons matches a goal of President Jimmy Carter, who last month told the U.N. General Assembly the United States was "willing now" to reduce its nuclear arms if the Soviets would do the same.
During the 1½-hour address Breznewt said the Soviet grain harvest this year was excellent.
In his speech Brezhnev also:
- Warned that western countries shouldn't count on the China-Soviet split lasting forever. But his renewed criticism of Peking University's decision to push an ambassador to stalk out of the Kremnik hall.
`Asserted that the Soviet Union is not seeking to impose on other Communists its "prescriptions for the socialist transformation of society." Breenzhiv's comment in response to hisarp criticism of the Kremlin by Western European Communists.
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- Repeated the Soviet Union's interest in continuing to develop relations with the United States "on the basis of equality and mutual respect."
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