6 Mondav. July 9,1973 University Daily Kansan Prof Calls for Park to Preserve Tallgrass Prairie From Page One would also be preserved in the proposed park, he said. The wildlife would include elk, deer, bison, antelope, wolves, coyotes, fox and hawks. A variety of flora and fauna would be aesthetically interesting and provide recreational opportunities for many persons, Hall said. Foot trails and roads for automobiles would provide access to the park. Hall said there were scientific benefits to be derived from a tallgrass park. In addition to the obvious interest of ecologists and other biologists in such a park, Hall E. Raymond Hall said, hydrologists and soil scientists would find the park valuable for research. The Mid-America State University Association has also expended interest in the work of the American Association. park to study the effects of grazing and cultivating practices on soil. SOME PERSONS THINK that a prairie is a prairie and all are alike. Hall said that this was not true. There are three types of prairie, he said, tallgrass, midgrass and shortgrass, and the types of vegetation indigenous to each are different. Butler County: Possible Site of Tallgrass Prairie Park Although a good deal of both the midgrass and shortgrass prairies remain in a condition approximating their natural state, their distribution remains in a natural state is diminishing. According to Hall the best place to locate the park would be in Butler County on the eastern slope of the Flint Hills, south of the turnpike. Hall said this area was preferable for its scenic views and easy roads, powerlines, pipelines, water impoundments and other man made devices. Rep. Joe Skubitz is maintaining an "in-touch" position on the creation of a missionary agency. The size of the park, Hall said, should range from 30,000 to 60,000 acres. He said the larger the park, the better, because the trees are more dense in the area required room to spread and roam. Skubitz, congressman from Kansas' 5th District, has voiced criticism in the past of the creation of the park in southeast Kansas. In an Associated Press story, some of Skubitz's objections were reported. Skubitz said he did not want to see 60,000 acres of land removed from use for cultivation and grazing. He also said he believed the park would draw very few tourists. SKUBITZ SAID THE renewed interest in the park had convinced him that the National Park Service would get the Tallgrass Park approved. He said, however, that he would like to arrange some kind of compromise. Skubitz's proposals, which were set forth in a letter to the signers of a petition in opposition to the park, called for limiting the size of the park to 90,000 acres with no more than acres to come from any one of them. This could burden of losses in property tax revenues. THE IDEA OF creating a park for preserving the tallgrass habitat is not new. Hall said that the idea was discussed as early as 1926, and by 1930, the idea was in Illinois in the early 1930s. The legislature was considering a bill to establish such a park when it was discovered that the best suitable area had been vacated. By the end of the remaining tallgrass areas were on railroad right of ways between the tracks and the fences, he said. 1968 Walter J. Hickle, then secretary of the interior, told the National Parks Advisory Board that the administration wanted a determination of the strengths and weaknesses of the parks system, said Hall, who is a former member of the board. In a 1970 report, the board gave top priority to the creation of three new national parks to preserve areas in danger of loss. The park where it was the Tallgrass Prairie National Park. 1917 SEN. James B. Pearson, R-Kan, and Rep. Larry Winn Jr. R-Kan, both introduced bills for the creation of a national Park. Neither bill made any headway. Skubitz has proposed the creation of a Cherokee Kite Park National park that would include two central Oklahoma and south central Kansas. The proposal was not adequate. Ecologically, it is an entirely different area, he said. Hall is said it was part of the midgrass area of the Great Plains, and vegetation was not the same. At present there is no bill before Congress that would establish a Tallgrass National Park. THE GROWTH OF the National Parks system has not been without conflict and the proposed Tallgrass Prairie National Park is no exception, Hall said. Just as the lumber interests opposed the establishment of Yosemite National Park, there are the cattlemen opposing the Tallgrass Prairie National Park, who have complicated by the fact that virtually all of the area where the park would be situated is now privately owned. Hall outlined four objections to the park that had been made and gave his answer to them. Critics claim dead grass will decay and produce humus instead of being eaten by cattle. Hall said the decay of vegetation would increase the humus content of the soil to improve water retention and appropriate to a national park. Park animals would also graze on the vegetation. ANOTHER OBJECTION IS that grasshoppers will spread to privately owned land. Hall said grasshoppers reproduced best in fence rows, grass strips along roads and weed patches and then sought food in heavily vegetated area. From this he concluded that during droughts when they were the biggest problem, grasshoppers were more likely to survive where they could be controlled naturally by the small predators that would make their home in the park. A third objection is that a possibility of prairie fires creates a hazard to visitors. Hall said one had been killed in a fire in a national park. Furthermore, he said, the fire and fire breaks reduce the fire hazard. A major objection is that the creation of a park would remove enough land from grazing to deprive 15,000 U.S. citizens of beef. Hall said the park would require less than three one-hundredths of one per cent of the nation's grazing land. Also, some of this tallgrass land is not used for grazing, but for producing hay for horses, he said. HALL SAID ANY loss in cattle production could be made up in two ways. First, some of the land that is withheld from cultivation in order to avoid grain surpluses could be used for grazing, he said. Second, Hall said scientific research conducted at the park could yield better methods for grazing livestock and increase production. A new objection to the establishment of the tallgall park is the complaint that the federal government already owns a large number of lands and used of that territory should be use. Skubitz said the federal government owned 600,000 acres in Kansas. This includes the land on which federal buildings, such as post offices are built, and military installations such as Ft. Riley. None of this land, he said, meets the National Park Services requirements for a tallgrass prairie. HALL SAY THAT THE Tallgrass Prairie National Park would have some economic benefits for the area. The most obvious of these, he said, is tourism which would bring in between $8 and $12 million. Economically beneficial results may also be obtained from the scientific research conducted at the park. Senator Urges Nixon to Open Up WASHINGTON (AP)—A Democratic member of the Senate Watergate committee Sunday urged President Nixon to reconsider his decision not to appear before the panel, saying the President's testimony could restore the public's confidence in the White House. "I would think with the cloud of uncertainty hanging over the President it might be best if he requested to appear before the ABC-TV program," "Issues and Answers." "THE EHETION ought to request to come before our committee or some other forum where he can be examined and restore the public's confidence," Talmadge said. The committee, preparing to hear from former Atty. Gen. John Mitchell Tuesday, has not formally requested the President to appear, but most of the committee members said he should testify and make his papers available to clear his record. The President said Saturday in a letter to committee Chairman Sam J. Servin, D-N.C., that he would not testify before the committee on the successions' instances$^4$ or permit access to his papers. "I have concluded that if I were to testify before the committee irreparable damage would be done to the constitutional principle of separation of powers." Nixon said. HE SAID he would withhold the documents to preserve "the indispensable principle of confidentiality of presidential papers." But Talmadea said Sunday, "I've always thought that public records belong to the American public and a committee of the U.S. Senate would have the right to see those records and subpoena them if necessary. I have serious doubts the President of the United States can withhold those documents from the committee." AMONG THE Republican members of the committee, Sens. Howard Baker Jr. of Tennessee and Edward Gurney of Florida indicated they thought the President had made a mistake in testifying at the present but they hoped he would be open to questioning in the future. A Gallup Poll released Sunday reported that 71 per cent of those questioned believed the President had some involvement in the bugging or cover-up. The survey also said 18 per cent thought he should be removed from office. Ervin said, "If a President wants to withhold information from the committee and the American people, I would just let him take the consequences of that." BAKER, THE ranking minority member on the committee, said he agreed that the separation of powers would make it implemnt to a committee to call the President to testify. "We need to get his point of view on these conversations—those John Dean has written." Baker said he hoped "some other means can be worked out" to get the President's vision. DEAN, THE fireed White House counsel, has been the chief witness before the committee, whose testimony has implicated the President in the cover-up. ABC will begin coverage of the Watergate hearings Tuesday at 9 a.m. Lawrence time when former Atty. Gen. John Mitchell is scheduled to begin testifying. NBC will take over live coverage on Wednesday and CBS on Thursday. By JOHN BENDER Kansan Staff Writer Profs Expect Fallout from Chinese Test To Have Reached Kansas over Weekend No information was available Sunday on the progress of the fallout over the United States. Fallout from the June 27 Chinese nuclear test was expected over the Midwest this past weekend, but the radiation levels were not expected to be dangerous, according to several University of Kansas professors. Gisela Dreschoff, assistant professor of physics and astronomy, said she expected a fallout level of between 10 and 50 picocuries per cubic meter of air and 10 to 20 picocuries per liter of rainwater. A curie is a unit quantity of radioactive nuclides that disintegrate at a rate equivalent to the radiation from an ounce of radium. A picocurie is one trillionth part of radium, in a general term for all isotopic forms of elements (forms for issuing in atomic weight). She said that the level of stromium-90 produced by one blast would not be harmful, but that a series of blasts could produce dangerous levels. DRESCHHOFF SAID THE radioactive particles had a very short half life. After two weeks, she said, the radioactivity will be much higher than before it will drop below the level of detection. DRESCHHOFF GAVE THE example of strontium-90, an isotope produced by a nuclear explosion, which can build up over a period of time in animals and humans and cause damage. Edward Zeller, professor of physics and astronomy, said that although the level of radiation produced by this test was not obscure, there were always residual effects. Dreschhoff based her prediction on work she had done in Europe measuring the wind speed. Union and the United States were conducting nuclear tests. He said that now the level of strontium-90 was down to the point that it was barely detectible. Precisely how much radioactive fallout "Whenever you increase the level of radiation, it isn't good," he said. According to Blaine Murray of the Kansas Radiological Health Services Bureau, there was a build up of stromium-80 during the late 1950s and early 1960s when the Soviet Kansas would have gotten, depended on the weather, Zeller said. If there had been thunderstorms and other forms of turbulence, Zeller said, this would have increased the level of fallout the state received. Even with the worst weather, he said, the level of radiation would not be dangerous. France Warns Ships to Clear Test Site "It's a bothersome thing," Murray said. "The air is getting cleaned up after the Russian and American tests and then the Chinese and French come along and reintroduce fallout into the atmosphere." In the event of a serious threat, Murray said, the state's environmental surveillance program would be able to handle the situation. PARIS (AP)—France issued a warning Sunday to those shipping around its South Pacific nuclear test site in a clear indication that the much-disputed atomic blasts might begin soon. HOWEVER, HE SAID that even if the radiation levels were relatively safe, it was still unpleasant." All ships were warned to steer clear of the zane beginning Wednesday. Some reports said that it was being used as a trap. The United States, Britain and the Soviet Union abandoned atomic testing in the air with a 1963 partial test ban treaty. But France and China have refused to sign the charging it was designed to perpetuate Soviet-American nuclear superiority. next Saturday on Bastille Day, the July 14 French national holiday. Congress Resumes Deliberations By JOHN CHADWICK WASHINGTON—Congress returns to work this week after a holiday recess, with the Alaska pipeline and farm price supports the first items of business. In the four weeks before Congress takes off on Aug. 3 for a recess until after Labor day, action is planned on a wide variety of legislation ranging from presidential war powers to minimum wages and campaign reforms. Associated Press Writer The Senate resumes today and the House on Tuesday, after a long Fourth of July boldiness. Also the legislators will try to get moving on appropriations bills. Action has not been delayed in recent weeks, money bills to finance the government and the fiscal year that began July 1. Agencies are operating under resolutions that permit spending at levels of the previous fiscal year. The first major issue before the Senate is a bill to clear away a legal obstacle to construction of the long-stalled pipeline to tap Aisksa's vast oil resources. President Nixon has repeatedly supported for the 789-mile pipeline, which would carry oil from shipment to tankers to transport it, help relieve the nation's energy shortage. "The president of the Alaska pipeline consortium has stated that up to one-quarter of the production of an Alaskan lake should be exported," said President Saito as year expressed his country's expectations of buying Alaska oil," they said. But a group of mid-western senators intend to try to amend the block to the multi-billion dollar project, pending study and negotiations for a trans-Canadian pipeline to bring Alaska oil directly to their area of the country. Sens. Walter Mondale, D-Minn., and Birch Bayh, D-Dind, chief sponsors of the amendment, issued a statement saying "millions of barrels of U.S. oil will be sold to Japan" if the trans-Alaskan pipeline was approved. Drought Cripples Western Africa In a zone south of the Sahara and stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to Chad, 24 million people are faced with the threat of famine because of the worst drought in over 50 years, according to a U.S. State Department release. Special to the Kansan A severe drought during the 1972 growing season has left the grain surplus danger increased, and scattered deaths due to starvation are being reported. An outbreak of measles causes 800 children has left many villages deserted in the Umpqua River. Cattle herds have nearly been wiped out in some regions. Surviving cattle have been reduced to south of their normal range into areas where they are exposed to the tusee fly disease. The regional disaster has stimulated a generous international relief effort. Donors have pledged almost 600,000 tons of grain to the worst affected countries. The United States has made a commitment of 185,000 tons of grain, medicines and cattle vaccines, as well as aircraft supplies for the distribution of relief supplies. France has provided special grant assistance to help meet government expenditures since tax collections have fallen off sharply. This effort falls short of covering the estimated regional food grain deficit of more than 1 million tons, the release stated. Many specialist think that this drought will require urgent agrarian migration to urban centers, leaving the pasture to the encroachment of the desert. American Volunteers Detained in Uganda From Page One Final destination of the U.S. Peace Corps flight was Bukawan, near the headwaters of the Congo River in the highlands of eastern Zaire. A U.S. diplomat who spent the night at the airport with the detained volunteers said, "Mostly they worried about whether their family was there; then; they didn't worry about themselves." THE CHARTERED VC10 jet refueled aircraft is being delivered to Burundi in Burundi, an newly scheduled ship to Ugandan air force ordered the plane back to Embau airport, near Lake Victoria and 21st Street in Nairobi. The plane and its luggage were searched AMERICAN EMBASSY officials in Kampala said the corps members were served good meals, the airport bar stayed clean, and the bus stops the night "eating, sleeping and singing." The Americans were kept at the airport. Guarded by troops for more than 24 hours, they were surrounded by bullets. but officials reportedly found nothing objectionable. U. S. diplomats in Kampala said they conferred with officials of the Ugandan Foreign Ministry for more than 16 hours without success. Amin personally rejected a request from a company to spend Saturday night in a hotel instead of at the airport, a U.S. spokesman said. With This Coupon Buy 2 Tacos Get 1 TACO FREE! 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