Monday, June 11.1973
University Daily Kansan
5
Water Powers Flour Mill
Spring Waters Closed Generators for a Month
By PRISCILLA KAUFMAN
Kansan Staff Writer
The standard easterner's impression of Kansas as all cowboys and Indians and barren prairies is obviously outdated. However, it is inevitable that Kansas an inurmountable problem be created an unwater-powered electricity plants.
The Bowersock Mills and Power Co. began to prosper in 1877 when J. D. Bowersock, a successful merchandise and grain businessman, came to Lawrence from New York where he renamed his father-in-law James H. Gower had purchased the bonds of a power company that owned the dam across the Kansas River. Weather and financial difficulties earlier had combined against the power co. The dam was washed out the dam, the company failed.
Lawrence is the home of the one remaining functioning water wheel power plant in Kansas. The Bowersock Mills and Power Co., located at 546 Massachusetts St, has been in existence in Lawrence since the mid 1800s.
The number of water power plants, once a common source of electricity around river cities, has fallen from the country because of modern methods of electricity production. In Kansas, where the supply of water power plants has always been scarce, the number has dwindled to
THE COMPANY today runs seven water wheels 24 hours a day. The wheels are located below the Kansas River Dam, where the water from the dam falls into cups on the wheels, causing the wheels to turn, generating electricity. The power is provided by the Bowersock Flour Mill located at the same site near the Kansas River Dam.
When Bowersock arrived in Lawrence he immediately undertook the restoration of the dam. With the partnership of his father-in-law and a man named J. W. Houghtail he entered the flour mill business at the present site beside the Kansas River. He
Plant Once Sold Cheap Electricity To KP&L Forerunner, Businesses
Old Beams, Native Stone Show Age of Abandoned Storeroom in Mill
Signs of Unuse Abound
7 Water Wheels Run Constantly to Power Last Plant of its Kind in Kansas
took sole control of the firm in 1879 after the deaths of his two partners.
In Bowersock's later years and after his death in 1922 Jackman became full owner of the plant, even though retaining the Bowersock name. Until this year the manager of the company has been a descendant of R. C. Jackman.
IN THE 1933 flood the Bowersock Flour Mill and water power facilities were washed out. Soon, however, Bowersock began restoration of the plant. About this time R. Kani, a manager at Kan, bought a half interest in the business, and the two men worked as partners.
In several weeks the Bowersock Mills and Power Co. will again change ownership. The Kansas Fibreboard Co. of Lawrence will take over the plant.
DURING THE early years of the plant's operation, unlike its present facilities, it did not serve only the Bowersock Flour Mill. Power was also distributed to several businesses between 6th and 7th streets on Massachusetts St.
Bowersock, who was a vital power in Lawrence in the early 1900s, had interest in a theater, bank, garage, ice plant and paper company in the one block area. These businesses, largely controlled by Bowersock, were able to but their electricity more cheaply. The company came from the Kansas Electrical Power Co., now called Kansas Power and Light Co.
At one time the Kansas Electrical Power Co. also bought some power from the Bowersock Co., as they could purchase it at a smaller expense than they could produce
KU Prof's Book To Be Published
A book written by John Dardess,
associate professor of history and East
Asian Studies, will be published July 16 by
the Columbia University Press.
The book, "Conquerors and Confucians," is a political and ideological study of the latter part of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty that ruled China from 1260 to 1388.
Dardess received his Ph.D. in Chinese from Columbia University.
Credit Option Deadline Is Friday
By KATHY HODAK
Kansan Staff Writer
Undergraduate students may choose ta-
tecno credit grade option from today to
next week.
Under credit-no credit system, the student may elect to receive credit for grades of A, B or C and no credit for grades of D. The student will be required "credit" or "no credit" as the case may be.
One course each semester may be chosen under this option, and that course can not be in the student's declared major field. Once the student has submitted his credit no credit option card, he may not reverse his decision.
THE COLLEGE of Liberal Arts and Sciences was the first school of the University of Kansas to experiment with the credit no credit system in the fall of 1968. The experimental period then was extended for two semesters.
During this period the University Council appointed a subcommittee of the Academic Procedures and Policies Committee to advise the President. Kelly, registrar. The credit-no-credit option was then opened to all undergraduate schools of the University in the fall of 1969 but still maintained its experimental status. Education matters and fitness and Education did not participate.
"The option became a reality," Kelly said, "after the final approval by the Senate. We have been operating on the right plan," she added, "it was worthwhile enough to continue."
THE PRESENT credit-no credit system provides that the identity of those students choosing the option will not be revealed to the instructor before the final grade report is issued. That provision was not made in 1968.
KU Summer Programs Promise New Deal for Migrants' Kids
Summer educational centers for children of migrant workers are now in operation in 13 Kansas communities. The centers are arranged by KU from KU to U. S. Office of Education.
Directors of the program are George Hughes, assistant professional education, and William Kirk, assistant KRI.
school term of frequent moves from one school to another. He said that he expected about 1,200 children to participate in the summer program and that attended a similar program last year.
Hughes said that the centers were set up to supplement educational experiences the children have in school.
The program began June 1 and will run through July 31. The centers are located in Bonner Springs, Emporia, Garden City, Goodland, Hoxie, Lakin, Leoti, Liberal, Piper, Sharon Springs, St. Francis, Sublette and Ulysses.
THE PRIMARY reason for beginning a credit-neo credit option at the University was to allow the student enough freedom from the pressure of grades to explore a new area of knowledge. Kelly said that he thought the system had accomplished this, but some students had used it for other means.
Arnold F. Krapper, associate professor of business and newly appointed chairman of the University Academic Procedures and Policies, said that in some cases where students were content with a grade of C, the option system could give them more time to devote to major interests without lowering their grade point average.
Donald Tribble, assistant registrar, said that the credit-no credit option became a strictly confidential matter between the registrars and the office through the registrar's office in 1969.
"We found after the 1968 academic year that instructors, if they knew which students were taking the course for credit no credit, treated those students differently from those who were not." Tribble said.
"In working with it," Tribble said, "find that the students generally use the credit no credit option as an easy way to overcome a course. You don't have to study much."
CREDIT-I NO credit courses do not count in computing the grade point average. But courses marked "credit" do fullfill comments outside the student's major area.
"Many times a student will write, 'This is a requirement and I don't think it should be. And I don't think I ought to have to waste time to study on this thing. So I'm taking it for credit-no credit to get it out of the way,'" Tribble said.
When a student applies for the credio-
nition option, he is asked to specify in
writing the following:
enrolling in the course under the credit no-credit option. "To fulfill a difficult area or course requirement" or "to lighten the study load" are the two most popular reasons given by students, according to Tribble.
LAST SUMMER, about 108 students enrolled in credit-no credit courses. The figure is based on the number of cards on the players' card at the beginning of the summer session.
Juniors and seniors in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences may obtain option cards from the registrar's office. All certificates may obtain cards from their dears.
Complete guidelines for the credit-
no credit grade option can be found on page
95 of the current "Official Timetable of
Classes: Lawrence Campus."
it. Water power was the cheapest form of electricity because of the free river water as a source of power rather than the more expensive equipment needed for other electric production.
IN RECENT years there have been no major mishaps such as the 1903 flood. However, the water wheels, which cannot run if they were to fail, are low, have had to be stopped occasionally.
According to Ed Bungardner, former secretary of the corporation, the most recent instance of this sort was in last April when the plant had to be closed for almost a month due to high water. Bungardner said several years that the plant had been closed.
The plant has been forced to close because of low water only once or twice in the last 50 years when there were improvements of the dams on the river.
Kansan
Photos
by
Carlos
Lisson
KANSAN WANT ADS
KANSAN CLASSIFIED RATES
One Day 21 week to fever 15.06
21 week to fever 1.01 1.01
Three Days 21 week to fever 13.96
each additional day 8.02
First Days 21 week to fever 1.01 1.01
each additional day 8.02
Accommodations, goods, services and employment advertised in the University Daily Kaman are offered to all students without regard to GREAT SCHOOL ADMISSIONS BURING ALL CLASSIFIEDS TO 111 FLINT HALT.
FOR SALE
NORTH SIDE COUNTRY Shop—3 kbls. No. of the items in stock are furniture, cellophane, gas heating and cooking equipment, furniture, gas heating and cooking equipment, monkey snow, 58 gl. steel drains, new wine bottles, large logs, 65 gl. steel drains, new wine bottles, large logs, 10.5 for 25 Fireplace wood, large logs 16.5
WATER-you can drink it. wash it in iD and NOV
wash it in soap. rinse it in water.
we can swamp it on iH. strawberry Fields
on iD. we can swamp it on iH. strawberry Fields
on iD.
Western Civilization Notes—Now On Sale!
1. If you use them, you're at an advantage.
2. If you don't,
You're at a disadvantage
Either way it comes to the same thing—
new analysis of Western Civilization."
PIZZA HUF SMOORGASSBORD. All the pizza you
want, on Monday at 11:30 a.m.
11:30-11:40 W 2nd row T-266
11:40-11:50 W 2nd row T-266
"New Analysis of Western Civilization"
"Available now at Campus Madhouse, Town
Tower 7-26
For sale - Old fashioned home made bread and good stuff. Good stuff 641-892-006 and place your order
10 x 55 Mobile Home with 10 x 10 extension, 3 bedrooms, dishwasher, good appliances. Partially furnished. Carpeted, A/C, Kitted. Fenced 840-699. carpent., shed. Garden. Asking $310-613. 409-
LBICA-M-2, w干-qwap supra F₂, F₃, Stomatal
F₄, F₅, F₆, F₇, F₈, F₉, F₁₀, F₁₁,
F₁₂, F₁₃, F₁₄, F₁₅, F₁₆, F₁₇, F₁₈,
F₁₉, F₂0, Best reasonable offer 825.
Pinnacle 5 filerunner.
1968 Charger 385, green/green vinyl top, PS, PB.
1968 Charger 400, green/green vinyl top, PS,
ribcage, rally wheels. Excellent condition. 483-4725
CENTER MOTOR COMPANY
CLOETTES The original 40's look has arrived at the new Nike store. The nature and motif, *Nautilus* at 360 Miles, has been reinterpreted with a more modern touch.
Good running condition, very clean. 90 Buck
16-inch battery. Call 843-1318.
6-18 new yr. battery.
1964 OLD-SMOBILE. Very good condition. A/C/ DRY. Room 314 Maturity during 60 minutes. Evening Rooms. 172-825-3111.
Cello for sale. Good student instrument. Call 815-730. If no answer, keep trying.
FOR RENT
APT. for rent. Across from Oliver Hall, furnished.
1-800-642-3975
immediately available. 842-212-1980
6-12
FOR REST two bedroom duplex with dual chiller
at 864-6531 or call 864-9249 after 5 p.m. 6-11
mths. C
For Ren. Apt. for one person, on campus $100/
642-250. A/C all rooms. Call 844-793-6200.
842-2500.
**FREE RENTAL SERVICE**
**FREE RENTAL SERVICE**
For the time being, Lawrence Service is in rental status. Lawrence Service, 7-26
500 14th St., Lawrence, NY 11378
WANT TO LIVE ON A FARM? Space available for firmware for couple or individual Cail Print or phone.
SAVE GASOLINE! Warm to usum and clauses.
We can provide all appliances. No pets. #82-15-20
www.gasoline.com
Air Conditioned rooms for men, carpeted, fire-resistant walls, private baths and entrances. 2½ kcal food served per person.
NOTICE
TOO FAR FROM CAMPUS? TRED OF STEEP CLIMBING! PARKING in FAR-FLOSS LOTS? from stadium. Easy walking distance of major campus buildings, paved parking lot. Free: Cabin, studio, apartment rates, furniture available. Ideal roommates or couples in Santee Apts., 123 Ind. Apt. 9 or 10.
515 Michigan St. B-Clar-B-Que. We Bar-B-Que in
Michigan, we can hire a bar. A $240.00 aba-
sle a $24.00 can hire a 74.00 large plate
bar. See the menu for prices of beers and
sauvages. See Han, and sauvages. Open 10,
9am to 6pm. Sun and Tues. Phone 312-869-1111.
V-2-3016
GAY LIBERATION meet's meetings Monday, 7:30 p.m.
in the Gay & Lesbian Resource Center,
240 W. 10th St., Suite 600, Denver, CO 80209
Yee Ans, The BIG TURKEY is back in town. AT
communication will be done through the UDK
communications.
**PIZZA FOR LUNCH BUNCH*** Small pizza and salad for special price of $1.56 or lower to town pizza.
WANTED
Wanted Ride to KL campus for five day week
weekend. Possible locations: Nova Scotia, Nova
Caledonia, Nova Brasília, NJ 26435 or
19-19.
Want to organize ear pool commuting from Tupelo
Call 272-6290 6-18
Need one female to share University Terrace
210-365-7444 210-365-7445 210-365-7446
5-10 m/19' or Kibla or Kibla-841-1234
5-10 m/19' or Kibla-841-1234
TYPING
1
Experienced thesis typet. Close to campus. 841-
4950. Myra. Also minor edit and 841-
Experienced in typing these, dissertations, term papers, other mics. typing. Have electric typewriter with pica tape. Accurate and prompt typing. Have printed letters corrected. 843-9544. Mrs. Wright. 7-26
MISCELLANEOUS
PIZZA HUFF DELIVERS  A hot pizza right to
me, served in a large serving bowl,
and Saturday at 1:20 p.m. pn. 843-794-
784
You are interested in Robert Rilman and Harriet M. Donnelly, talk about his ideas or Dave at 811-555-7230.
Employment Opportunities
NAVY VETERANS
Earn up to $350 per hour, paid vacation, liberal
retirement, training or other benefits 6 a.m. P.M.
HELP WANTED
Student couple would like student to help with
math and computer science per week on time.
Phone: 862-814-514.
6-12
Phone: 862-814-514.
TUTOR
M.S. in Environmental Studies will tutor in Nat-
ture and Reasonable Rate, Cull Dawl 6-18,
841-258-9100, 6-18