Belief Is Defense Prof. Dance Says
The best individual defense against brainwashing is a strong commitment to some idea, institution or person, an assistant professor of speech and drama said Friday.
Prof. Frank E. Dance told about 60 students at the Current Events Forum that "it's not enough to be anti-Communist or anti-an anything. We must be pro-something before we can move from the defensive to the attack in the fight against Communist brainwashing and propaganda tactics."
In his talk, Prof. Dance outlined the "brainwashing cycle" and the defense against it, then turned to a description of Communist propaganda techniques.
THE "BRAINWASHING CYCLE," he said, is based on the discoveries of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, a Russian physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1904 for his experiments concerning conditioned responses in dogs.
The cycle, Prof. Dance said, consists of four steps:
- Emptying the individual's mind of previous beliefs and loyalties.
- Exploiting the resulting vacuum in the individual's mind.
- Refilling the individual's mind with altered beliefs and loyalties.
- Reinforcing these altered beliefs and loyalties.
He read from a statement by the Russian scientist explaining the process used to empty an individual's mind:
‘A strong negative stimulus to a long-standing loyalty results in the negation of the long-standing loyalty.’
"The Soviet did this in the Korean War," he continued, "by controlling the mail system and by breaking up the American 'buddy' system in Korean prisoner-of-war camps.
"THE AVERAGE AMERICAN prisoner of war did not get the letter from his parents saying 'Your father and I are depositing $100 a month in the bank for you, and hope you will come home soon to spend it.' But he did get the letter from the bank saying 'You are overdrawn and we have re-possessed your car to meet your bills.'
"He did not get a letter from his girl friend if she wrote: 'I still love you and miss you very much,' but he did get her letter if she wrote:
UDK Celebrates 50th Birthday Tomorrow
Tomorrow's issue of the Kansan will commemorate the 50th year of daily publication for the UDK. This issue will contain a background of the history, the policies, the professors and the students who have helped to operate and publish the Daily Kansan since 1912.
'Dear John, I've met a boy—one of your friends—who has been entertaining me lately. We hope that when you get back, you will come to visit us sometime.'
After the previous loyalties of the prisoner-of-war had been destroyed, Prof. Dance continued, the Commu-
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Snow Melts, Streets Slick
About five and one-half inches of new snow has compounded the problems of the campus police and the buildings and grounds department, and added to the woes of KU students who, with final week approaching, already have enough to worry about.
The new snow is the result of a storm which swept an area all the way from New Mexico to Michigan. Snow began falling here early Sunday morning.
THE NEW SNOW was added to the two inches already on the ground when the storm hit. Lawrence recorded a low temperature of two degrees last night.
Five minor traffic accidents occurred on the campus since Saturday night, most of them due to the extremely slick condition of campus streets.
Campus police blocked off 13th and 14th streets at their intersection with Oread Drive when it became impossible for cars to maintain traction on the steep grades of these two streets.
"I imagine that these streets will remain closed at the top of the hill until we get some thawing," Joseph Skillman, Campus Police chief, said this morning. "We advise people not to use the two streets, as they are very dangerous."
EMPLOYEES of the department of buildings and grounds, meanwhile, have been busy since early yesterday morning clearing campus streets with four blade-equipped tractors and one heavy-duty maintainer. All available men have been put to work clearing campus sidewalks, according to Harry M. Buchholz, superintendent.
Students can take heart in the latest weather forecast, however. The forecast calls for decreasing cloudiness and colder weather today, but for warmer weather tomorrow. High temperatures today should be in the mid 20s, with lows tonight of from 10 to 15. High temperatures tomorrow should be in the 30s.
Until then, when the snow should begin to melt, students are advised to drive slowly, walk carefully and to use the blocked-off 13th and 14th streets for sledding only.
59th Year, No. 70
Daily hansan
LAWRENCE. KANSAS
Dutch, Indonesian Ships Clash Near New Guinea
Monday, January 15, 1962
DUTCH NEW GUINEA — (UPI)
— Dutch and Indonesian naval vessels clashed in waters off Dutch New Guinea today, and Dutch Naval Headquarters announced that two Indonesian motor torpedo boats were destroyed.
The Dutch announcement said a third Indonesian motor torpedo boat fled in the brief engagement off the southern coast of West New Guinea.
(IN THE HAGUE, the Dutch cabinet met in an emergency session to
Dutch Naval spokesman Capt. R. M. Elbers said, "It looks as if we frustrated an Indonesian invasion attempt."
discuss the battle. A defense ministry spokesman, however, said "no comment" when asked if the clash meant a state of war between the two nations.)
It was not immediately known how many vessels took part in the battle, which Dutch sources said took place in Dutch territorial waters south of the Buru Mountains of New Guinea.
(The defense ministry in The Hague said Dutch naval units had no choice but to open fire. It said the Indonesian vessels were heading for the New Guinea coast and ignored a Dutch challenge.)
HOLLAND currently has two
Building Hosts Fire Twice in Two Months
An assistant fire chief with the Lawrence Fire department was driving to work on Sixth Street this morning when he noticed a large white "cloud" hanging over the business area.
FRITZ SANDERS, fire chief, estimated the damage at around $15,-000 and said the cause was unknown. An investigation inquiring into the cause of the fire is to be made this afternoon.
The fire in a second floor apartment at 734 Massachusetts Street, was the scene of another fire less than two months ago.
"It's just a low cloud," he thought to himself. "It can't be a fire."
John Kasberger, assistant chief, rushed to the station and put on his equipment. "The trucks had been at the fire six or seven minutes by this time," he told the Kansan later.
As he came closer to the city, he began to have doubts.
The alarm was received by the Lawrence Fire department about 7:30 a.m. Charles Cassity, captain, said the fire had broken through the roof when the trucks arrived.
At about 6th and Michigan Streets he thought, "It's the real thing."
Police cars blocked off Massachusetts Street between 7th and 8th Streets. Hoses snaked across the street in a ball of warmed around trying to keep warm.
Mrs. Ruby Malott, owner of the building, said the fire two months ago had destroyed the roof and
caused extensive damage to the business office downstairs.
She said the new roof had just been completed and work was progressing on the new ceiling both in the second floor apartment and on the first floor.
The damage after the first fire was estimated at $20,000 and the cause has not been determined.
MRS. MALOTT said she was first aware of the fire when she awoke in her smoke filled room. She said the alarm had been sent in by someone on the street.
2,400-ton frigates, the Eversten and Kortenaer, and a 2,200-ton submarine, the Utrecht, in New Guinea waters.
These are backed up by Dutch Air Force "Firefly" jet fighters and about a dozen Neptune fighter bombers.
Capt. Elbers said in announcing the sea battle:
"Our radar carried both by ships and an aircraft picked up blips which seemed to indicate that a large number of Indonesian warships were on their way to the coast.
"A second vessel of the same type was sunk shortly afterward. A third motor torpedo boat was seen fleeing with the rest of the invasion fleet.
"WE FIRED at what turned out to be a motor torpedo boat. Fire broke out on board and it sank.
"According to our information, the largest of these ships could carry about 60 men and the total number of troops carried by this fleet could presumably have staged an invasion."
ELBERS SAID NO Dutch war-
ships were hit.
He refused to say which Dutch units took part in the battle, but he said they were backed by Neptune fighter bombers.
The Dutch aircraft carrier Karel Doorman left Rotterdam today for what was described as a training cruise to the Netherlands possessions in the Caribbean. It is accompanied by two destroyers and two submarines.
Political Terms Vague Conclude Ise, McCoy
John Ise, professor emeritus of economics, and Donald R. McCoy, associate professor of history, took different routes to arrive more or less at the same conclusion Saturday afternoon at a Crucial Issues Seminar.
The scholars concluded there is no sure way to tell what or who is a Conservative or Liberal, Reactionary or Radical.
KU Student Government Traced
By Jerry Musil
(Editor's note: This is the first of a four-part series on student government and politics at K.U.)
Campus government at KU has survived nearly 53 years of factional fights, voting irregularities and re-organizations.
Student government came to KU on May 6, 1909 with the first election of the Men's Student Council. The Council's first action was to regulate campus politics which had become a fight between fraternity and non-fraternity factions.
"I don't think either group under- stands what they are talking about (when they use the terms)," Prof. Ise said.
In 1912, the University Senate withdrew much of the MSC's power because of factional fights. It was not returned until 1920.
THE GOVERNING BODY of the students at this time was divided between the Men's Student Council and the Women's Self-Government Association (WSGA), which was organized not long after the MSC.
The MSC and the WSGA worked separately on most issues. But they did work together on projects which affected both men and women such as all-University dances.
Class elections at this time were also on a male-female division. The men nominated and elected the president and treasurer and the women elected the vice president and secretary.
In 1926, the class elections were removed from political party control. The tickets then took on such colorful names as "Crimson and Blue," "Representative Ticket," "Fairin-square," and "Cake-Eater."
The plan allowed for a Senate composed of representatives elected from the schools of the University on a proportional basis. The house was composed of living district representatives elected the same way. The proportional election means the number of valid votes cast determines the number of representatives elected according to a fixed schedule.
THE DIVISION between councils continued until the Second World War cut into the male population and the women gained a majority. By their vote in 1943, the two councils were combined to form the All Student Council, a unicameral or one house legislative body. The Constitution was rewritten to include the combined council.
But this was not the last change made in KU's student government. In March, 1953, the ASC submitted a plan for student vote which created a bi-cameral or two house student government.
THE USE of an IBM system in balloting, one central polling area instead of a poll in each school and the division of men's and women's dormitories and scholarship halls into four districts are examples.
The unicameral or one house system of government was readopted in 1957. Various small changes have been made also; each helping to eliminate corruption in student elections.
Today the student government is composed of the three traditional branches of government executive, legislative and judicial.
The executive branch is broken into three departments: Student Welfare, Student Activities and Public Relations. Each department has several committees directly responsible to it.
The executive branch of government consists of the student body president and vice president. They are elected by popular vote of the student body in the spring of each year.
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THE PUBLIC Relations department has Statewide Activities committee and the Public Relations committee. The Student Welfare de-
IN THE SEMINAR format of a free-wheeling debate and discussion between the two men and about 50 persons from the floor of the Big Eight Room. Prof. McCov added:
"I'm not sure you can define them (the terms). I can't give any definition, except as I use them, and that has no common currency."
Discussing the general theme "Conservatism and Liberalism on off the Campus," Prof. Ise said a Liberal to him is "a man with no preconceived ideas for or against government increase of power."
On the other hand, he said, "a conservative wants the status quo."
PROF. McCOY challenged these two attempts at a definition. He asked if it is not true that the Liberal invariably concludes that more and not less government power is the answer. He pointed out that seldom is government power parred.
Prof. Ise answered yes to the question, but added it was usually the right conclusion.
This statement was challenged by several members of the audience. One man asked by what "superior knowledge" did the government know a better use for the people's money.
Prof. Ise continued his defense of what he considered the Liberal position by saying the money taken by the government in taxes is usually put to a higher use than the people themselves could put it.
PROF, ISE answered by noting that schools, museums, recreation facilities and preservation of natural resources required government investment.
To this Prof. McCoy countered: "Far more museums have been set up by private philanthropy in this country than by the government."
One man in the audience decided to try again for a definite statement of the meaning of the terms under discussion.
"Your problem," Prof. Ise said, "is that you don't realize if you study economics and political science you'd be more confused — confusion is one of the good effects of a liberal education."
THE DISCUSSION turned to what forces might shape a person's attitudes in leaning to one side or the other of political thought.
Prof. Ise attributed most of the influence to what was read. He said the strong conservatism of Kansans was explained by the state's overwhelming conservative press.
Prof. McCoy pointed instead to factors of environment such as home, church, work and social relationships.
Prof. McCoy accepted the challenge of answering the question of whether students today are more concerned over public affairs and whether there is a great conservative movement on the campus.
HE SAID college students of the 1950s were not apathetic.
"They were perhaps a little more mature than the students today who swing out in all directions with neatly turned declarations of principles and aims. Because they were more mature, they were more willing to admit they didn't know all the answers."
But, he added, "I don't see any great mob of students rushing to join the YAF — or so-called Liberal groups."