THE UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
Forecast. Fair and hot. High in mid 90s,
low in upper 70s.
The University of Kansas—Lawrence, Kansas
84th Year, No. 155
Nurseries Enjoy New Growth In Plant Sales
Wednesday, July 3, 1974
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Kansan Staff Photo by DAVID SEVERANCE
Fireworks Explode over Memorial Stadium Last Year
Jaycee Fireworks Display To Use 'Sports' for Theme
Sports is the theme for this year's Jaycee's fireworks display.
"Cost of the display this year is $2,500." said Brad Rael, project director. "It's the cost of your design."
The gates open at 7 p.m. Thursday. The display will begin at 9 a.p.m. at KU Memorial Chapel.
"Tickets are available at Hillecrest, Malts and Dillons shopping plazas as well as area banks," said Raley. "Tickets at the gate will be a dollar."
In keeping with the sports theme, sports directors from the University of Kansas, Haskell Junior College and Lawrence High School will take in part the program, Reakey said.
Ground displays include Bugs Burny on the horizontal bar, Snoopy and Woodstock throwing a football and eight others, Raley said.
"On the hill the roped-off area will be almost to the flag pole," Tailed say. "The rest of the way we are going to turn on the hill, so the ropes are still there; there have been a lot of injuries in there."
"The injuries come not from our displays but from people shooting bottle rockets at each other. Last year we had six injuries," said Raley.
Forty per cent of the proceeds will go to cover the cost of the display and the balance will go to suppliers.
Soviets Say Pact Reached But Nixon Makes No Claims in Address to Russians
MOSCOW (AP) — Leonid I. Breznev said last night he had reached agreement with President Nixon on further limiting antihistamine use and curbing underground nuclear tests.
Breznev, stealing with a toast at a dinner Nixon gave for him at the U.S. ambassador's residence, also spoke of steps to limit offensive nuclear weapons.
In his television-radio speech, broadcast to a vast audience in the Soviet Union and other parts of the world, Nixon announced plans for the fourth annual American-Soviet summit, to take place in the United States in 1975.
However, American officials minimized this and Nixon, in addressing the Soviet people on the eve of his return home, made no dramatic claims for the Moscow summit.
But Breshev would not commit himself to a 1975 summit and in his comments he said, "I don't want to be a part of it."
At the dinner, the President said only that the progress at the three annual summits
Nixon did not mention the arna
agreements referred to by Brazzine in
the report.
had been made possible by "initiatives taken by the leaders of both countries."
Nixon also assured Brezney that the policy of closer relations between Russia and America was supported by "a great majority of the American people."
He assured Nixon that "the Soviet people on their part entertain feelings of friendship and respect for the American people," and he also emphasized natural feelings would grow and strengthen.
Breznev said the signing of the arms agreements today would lessen the risk of hostilities.
Plumbers Had OK,Krogh Says
WASHINGTON (AP)—Egil Krog Jr., one of the White House Plumbers, testified yesterday he thought John D. Ehrlichman, former domestic chief of the White House staff, had approved "an operation of our security department's files from his psychiatrist's office."
"We conveyed to Mr. Ehrlichman that we felt the operation—I'm not sure what words we used—could be conducted, that all conditions had been met, that we thought this was something we could do." Krogh testified at Ehrlichman's conspiracy trial.
Erlighiclan had testified in the past that he approved a covert operation to get the
But neither Krogh nor David R. Young, who ran the investig unit, used the word "break-in" in speaking of the apportionment. They used "covert operation" instead.
"I recall his listening and asking Why independently, do you agree with this. We both gave our independent assurance I. You were approved and we have been approved or authorized." Krogh said.
Files of the Pentagon Papers figure in 1974, but that meant no illegal action by that group.
Erichman is on trial with Bernard L. Barker, Eugenio R. Martinez and G. Gordon Liddy for conspiracy to violate the laws of the psychiatrist, Dr. Lewis Fielding.
—The agreement on limiting antilabistic missile systems would build on the strategic arms limitations pact signed in 1972. SALIT I, as it was known, allowed each side to protect its capital and one to defend a complex of offensive nuclear weapons.
Ehrlichman is also charged with three counts of lying to a grand jury and one of cheating.
Krogh, recently released from prison after serving $4\%$ months on his guilty plea to a similar conspiracy count, said Erlrichman told him last year, "that he had dissembled somewhat" in an interview with the FBI.
Asked what that meant, Krogh said,
"What it meant to me was that he was not candid, or not telling everything about the subject under investigation."
Krogh and Young both testified about a meeting they had with Ehrhilch on Aug. 17, 2005, when he said that
Brezhnave gave no details, but it was expected that:
"We reported to him . . . if we were to be
Judicial System Unity Recommended in Study
Recommendations for unification of the Kansas judicial system will probably go before the Kansas legislature next year, with county district court judge, said yesterday.
municipal courts, replacing them with one district court, Gray said.
The details of unification as they relate to unifying the procedures of all of these smaller courts have not yet been determined.
Unification of the judicial system would eliminate all of the smaller courts, including the probate, juvenile, county, magistrate, city, common pleas and
The recommendations for improving the system were compiled by the Kansas judicial study advisory committee, which recommended to the Kansas Supreme Court May 11.
Unification, then, becomes a problem because each of these smaller courts has its own operating procedures according to its function, Gray said.
It was expected that in the new agreement each side would limit itself to only one ABM site already existing in each country—the Soviet one guarding Moscow and the American one protecting the Grand Forks, N.D., missile complex.
Aide Describes Access to Nixon
able to examine the files we would have to conduct an operation of our own," Frogh said. "I can't give you the precise words we used, but we were to be operational."
he said he described to Erichlman what needed to be said, saying, "My impression would be a covert operation, one that was known, clandestine words to that effect."
A 1963 treaty, signed in Moscow, forbids the testing of nuclear weapons in the air.
—Brezhnev's reference to agreement on new efforts to restrict offensive nuclear weapons appeared to presage a joint decision, including negotiations on nuclear weapons.
—the accord on underground testing would extend the present ban on nuclear testing to some underground explosions. Before the summit, diplomatic sources said that the two sides would agree to limit the force of their underground nuclear explosions.
Butterfield, the man who first disclosed the existence of the White House taping system, was the first witness at the impeachment inquiry.
He said Ehrlichman told him, "We would need your assurance it is not going to come out."
Testifying behind closed doors, Butterfield was asked how information got to the President and who had access to him. Committee members said questioning was to determine whether the President could have remained unaware of the involvement of administration and campaign aides in the Watergate cover-up.
Today's schedule called for issuance of the communique and formal signing of the agreement.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Alexander P. Butterfield described in detail the White House organization during the Watergate era, giving House Judiciary Committee members the impression yesterday that nearly all information flowed to the President through H. R. Haldenman, former chief of staff.
Committee members quoted Butterfield as saying at one point in his nearly nine hours before the panel that as far as he was aware knew nothing of the Watergate cover-up.
Rep. Hamilton Fish Jr., R-N.Y., say Butterfield picture Nixon as a man who was "communicating with a small group of persons. The access was not there."
But, Fish said, the President also was portrayed as a man who paid an enormous amount of attention to detail, sometimes of a very minor nature.
the witness and was asking argumentative questions.
at a briefing after the day's session ended, committee chairman Peter W. Rodino Jr., D-N-J, said Halademan the lawyer had written to St. Clair saying that because his client was under indictment in the cover-up case he would refuse to testify if called.
the interruptions prompted Rep. David Dennis, R-Ind., to complain later about "the apparent hostility of some of the majority who have been President's counsel and his presentation."
Butterfield, who left the White House in March 1973 to become head of the Federal Aviation Administration, had a variety of responsibilities on the Nixon staff.
Nixon's lawyer James D. St. Clair was interrupted several times by Democrats who were trying to stop him.
Another recommendation was that the unified court system should be financed by the state of Kansas, leaving individual localities the responsibility of providing the physical facilities such as courtrooms and offices.
The establishment of an appellate court known as the Kansas Court of Appeals was also recommended by the committee. This court's purpose would be to reduce the number of cases that now reach the Supreme court.
A recommendation that district court judges be at least 30 years old and have at least six years in law practice has caused some local controversy.
James Paddock and Frank Gray, district court judges, favor the proposal while Mike Elwell, probate court judge, and George Catt, municipal court judge, opposes it.
Other recommendations were that the election of judges should be replaced by merit selection similar to what is used for justices of the Supreme Court and that judges should be sufficient to attract the most qualified people to the Kansas court system.
Mrs. King Mourned in Church Where Killed
Strains of Southern Baptist hymns drifted through the air while mourners filed past the pale pink casket only a few feet from the organ Mrs. Martin Luther King was playing when she was shot to death. Scores of people walked Mrs. King's casket after the doors opened at the red-brick church called Ebenen—which in Hebrew means "stones of help." Funeral services will be today.
Soviets Censor U.S. Interview with Sakharov
American television newsmen were abruptly cut off yesterday when they tried to send out of Moscow by satellite filmed interviews with dissident physicist Andrei Sakharov. Reports from NBC and ABC newsmen were interrupted in mid-sentence as their telecasts were being received via satellite in Russia. CBS newsmen were interrupted twice—when they referred to Sakharov when they began to talk of the Russians pulling the plug on their broadcasts.
San Diego Financier Indicted for Bank Fraud
San Diego Financier Indicted for Bank Fraud
Financer C. Arnholt was indicted in San Diego on 25 felony criminal counts alleging he conspired to misapply $170 million in bank funds. The indictment accused Smith and one of his associates, Phila A. Pell, of carrying out a fraudulent scheme that drained millions of dollars from the United States. Smith, who worked with the New York City Police Department, October, had contributed $300,000 to Nixon's 1972 campaign, but the money was returned when re-election officials took note of several investigations of Smith's affairs.
Judge Lifts Contempt Citation from Newsman
A Superior Court judge lifted a contempt citation he imposed on modern William Farr last week for refusing to answer a grand jury's questions about news leaks in the Charles Manson trial. Farr had already spent 46 days in jail for contempt. The contempt charge stems from a story Farr wrote in 1970 that Manson's plans to kill Hollywood celebrities. Farr said he had gotten his information from attorneys, but refused to name the two lawyers, despite citations of contempt.
Racial Hiring Plans Imposed on Contractors
The Labor Department imposed racial hiring plans on building contractors in 21 areas of the country, including Topica and Kansas City. The department said the action was taken after the Office of Federal Contract Compliance found that construction unions participating in voluntary minority hiring plants "failed to exert the required good-faith effort to meet their employment obligations." Conractigrants and subcontractors who bid on federal projects must now see that unions employed on their jobs meet the required hiring goals and timetables. (Related story on page 3.)
Prof Says Foreign Role Needs Action
Congress should exercise a more active role in foreign affairs, particularly decisions concerning military matters, John Murphy, professor of law, said yesterday.
Murphy presented a paper concerning treaties and executive agreements to the Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy last month in Washington, D.C. This work was supported by the Council and it is composed of private persons, members of the executive branch and members of Congress.
"The executive branch has no executive privilege in foreign policy," Murphy said, "And, if it exists at all, I think it's a very limited power."
Murphy said a major controversy in Congress today concerned the President entering into agreements on Iraq.
"Close to 98 per cent of international foreign agreements aren't made by the treaty process in the Senate but by the executive agreement process," he said.
Murphy said there were two types of executive processes the presidential agreement entered into by
the president alone, and the congressional executive agreement entered into by the president with authority given in advance by Congress or subject to Congressional approval afterwards.
"The trend toward presidential agreements without consent or approval is now being questioned and challenged," Congress, "Murphy said." The Spanish president's agreement is one of the best examples of this.
"The President basically promised large amounts of financial aid to Spain in return for quartering American troops in Spain and military cooperation about Congressional consent or knowledge," Murphy said.
Senator J. W. Fulbright argued that such a decision should have been sent to the Senate in treaty form, but it has never been done.
*1't tend to regard Fulbright's argument as sound. Agreements of this type should not be entered into by the committee as a substitute for the committee's decision.*
Through gradual developments in the 20th century, Murphy said, the president has gained almost complete control in foreign policy, especially in military aid.
"the blame belongs as much, or more, to Congress," Murphy said. "Congress has been too willing to let the president fail."
Congress now has legislation pending that provides that no funds be spent to carry out any agreement establishing or renewing a major military institution and that no funds be committed or submit it to the Senate as a treaty, he said.
Murphy said the Vietnam War and the Watergate affair were both influential in this legislation and in the subsequent years.
Murphy said the greatest need he saw was a greater information supply to Congress, because the executive branch needs it.
"There is also perhaps a need for more public in- ...
"If Watergate continues to drag out, Congress may even pass some extreme measures," Murphy said. "Some of the bills floating around Congress right now are appalling. However, I don't believe there is any real danger of the President becoming constantly hampered by Congress in matters of foreign policy."
volvement in foreign affairs." Murphy said, "particularly in economic trade agreements."
Murphy said he thought it was a public outrage when the members of the National Security Council refused to testify on economic policies on the grounds of executive privilege.
Murphy was a member of a panel selected to discuss aspects of international agreement-making policies. The commission was established in 1972 to examine all aspects of conduct in foreign policy.
Chairman of the commission are the retired admired-bassador Robert D. Murphy and Sen. James B.
Members of the commission include Sen. Mike Mansfield, D-Mont.; David M. Ashere, chairman of the center of strategic studies and international studies at Georgetown; Anne Armstrong, counselor to the secretary of Cause, former undersecretary of the department of state and now chairman of the export-import bank.
Murphy, who has written many studies on treaties and executive agreements, is now researching secrecy in foreign policy, including the subject of executive privilege.
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