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Tuesday, January 29, 1974
University Daily Kansan
KANSAN Editorials, columns and letters published on this page reflect only the opinions of the writers.
Public Transit System Needed in Lawrence
How long is the city of Lawrence going to sit back and allow the University of Kansas to provide a function clearly is a function of the city?
At the commission meeting last week, representatives of several community agencies pleaded for a city-wide transportation system. The only bus lines in the city are subsidized by the Student Senate, and these, understandably, are other compulsory services under other parts of the city must furnish their own transportation or stay home.
Commissioners expressed concern that the city would lose money on a transit system because the buses wouldn't be self-supporting. Trial periods were suggested to ensure that the city wouldn't have to hand over an undue amount in subsidies.
The next considerations of the commission were the alleys off Massachusetts Street and improvements to Scotia Street cost $148,000. Why should money be spent on these projects instead of a bus system?
Granted, lighting will increase safety in both the arcades and the park. But many of the improvements in the park seem to
consist of moving things around or removing them completely. The fountain and the fire truck will be moved. The baseball diamond will be taken out and replaced by a grass-covered "informal noir" court that is very much like many much like a big field. How much improvement is that?
The city's reluctance to spend money on buses becomes even more questionable in light of figures released by the Student Senate on the costs of subsidizing the present bus system. In spring 1973, $19,702.90 in activity fees were spent on buses. Last fall the subsidy was reduced to $17,100.57. A little imagination, such as bus passes, helped reduce the cost of transportation significantly.
Because KU has a large concentration of persons who want to ride buses and because these persons travel to the same areas of the city, the campus bus system probably is more efficient and less costly than any that could be set up in the city. However, if the city can consider spending $148,000 to install lights and move fire trucks around, it can bear the expense of a public transportation system.
—Elaine Zimmerman
President Must Resign
A President can't have problems that are personal to him alone. His troubles are the troubles of the nation and if they become disastrous, the nation is in peril.
—George E. Reedy
("The Twilight of the Residence")
Richard Nixon's problems have become our peril.
A man handpicked twice by Nixon to be vice president was forced to resign from his position to escape serious charges and a jail sentence. A former attorney for the president also acted as campaign manager in Nixon's first successful bid for the Presidency, is under indictment.
Another former Cabinet member and one of Nixon's most powerful Presidential aides are both under indictment. Seven Administration officials have resigned or been fired. Six others have been indicted, convicted or have pleaded guilty. No other president in the history of the United States has compiled such a record.
Already, Nixon has had to make at least two significant concessions that have eroded his power as President.
When he agreed to appoint Archibald Cox as special Watergate prosecutor to insure the Senate's confirmation of Elliot Richardson as general, Nixon established a potentially harmful precedent.
He agreed to exercise no control whatever over the special prosecutor and thus became the first President in history to abandon a basic Presidential right—the right to administer an official in his own branch of the government.
On Oct. 20, 1973, Nixon tried to reassert the right he had earlier abandoned, which brought a national cry of outrage. Nixon fired Cox because Cox had asked for access to all tapes, records and private papers that applied to the Watergate incident. No President in history has ever given up his records.
However, on Oct. 23, Nixon suddenly agreed to turn over his tapes of Watergate-related conversations. This action caused him to forfeit another basic Presidential right, the right to retain control over records of private discussions between a President and his subordinates.
By taking a stand and then reversing his position, Nixon created for himself a widening credibility gap. It is doubtful that adversaries and allies of the United States are now cooperating with this country because of their faith in Nixon.
And that faith has surely been further eroded by the unexplainable gaps that have appeared in the Watergate tapes.
The House has already begun impeachment proceedings, but impeachment is a lengthy process that would deprive an already battered nation of any leadership at all.
"Impachment proceedings in Congress based on this highly complex Watergate business would take months to decide and in that time the nation would have a leader, Mr. Gurney, President, said Sen. Edward J. Gurney, R-Fla., during his J.A. Vickers lecture here last fall.
Congressional confirmation of Gerald Ford as vice president was almost a certainty from the time of his nomination. Although weak on foreign policy, Ford has a solid record in domestic policy. His greatest asset is his corruption-free reputation.
Since taking office, Ford has proven himself qualified for the position of vice president. If it were not so, the world would reckably, take over the Presidency.
The nightmare of scandal surrounding the nation's highest office is badly damaging the United States and abroad. It must come to an end.
Richard Milhous Nixon must resign.
—Linda Doherty
By MURRAY SEEGER The Los Angeles Times
MOSCOW—Why should a student from Lvov on the western border travel to Yakultsk State University in far away Siberia to participate in an academic thesis? Or a student from Moscow apply to Yakultk for higher degree without studying there?
Diploma Mills Uncovered in Russia
Like many other eager students anxious to get ahead, the two men had found one of the many diploma mills that grind out phony certificates and fake academic degrees which are automatic passes to high pay and better jobs in the Soviet Union.
The Yakult operation was just one of several well-organized, successful education swindles uncovered in recent months by Soviet authorities. Two operators were so successful that they had established headquarters in the Moscow central telegraph office and the Bilo-Russian railroad station.
Swindlers are no strangers to the Soviet Union. They have been caught in recent months selling permits for nonexistent apartments, traveling on expense accounts as official lecturers, treating patients as officials doctors and selling forged lottery tickets.
Despite severe penalties for those caught, these imaginative operators persist as one of the major groups of law violators in the country. None is more imaginative than the pseudo educators who manage to fool supposedly well-trained people, involve hundreds of customers and infiltrate the intelligence with incompetents.
Possessor of eight diplomas from different institutes, "Professor" Gorbenkomade a spectacular clim up the academic ladder to the rank of doctor of science and chairman of the joint academic committee of the university to defend their candidate (masters) these.
Their successes indicate the importance of pieces of paper, impressively signed, counterinscribed and endorsed with big ink stamps, for successfully transgressing the intricacies of the Soviet bureaucracy and the natural nature of the Soviet system of education.
The chief of the Yakutsk operation, Vasily Mikhailovich Gorbatenko, admitted: "I did not always choose the right way to my knowledge."
"Theses, when they were read most attentively, were found to be copied from previously published works. Each defense of a thesis was accompanied by a bundant banquet at the local restaurant."
council consisted of nonexistent persons though they regularly voted and received their salaries," Pravda, the Communist party daily, said.
"The council met regularly and listened to competitors very attentively, but sat differently," she said.
Of Gorbatenko's eight diplomas, Pravda said, "Everything was simple—he typed copies of diplomas himself and signed them with illegible signatures."
Nikola Krasnikov and Yakov Klychukov worked at the lower levels of academia by helping pupils pass the stiff examinations in mathematics and correspondence schools. Each had a staff of three charged their customers from $0 to 1,000 rubles ($670 to $1,340) for successful entrance to an institute and another 1,000 rubles to finish the first year's course of study.
Gorbatenko got into trouble when he tried to move to the bigger market of Moscow. His vehicle for the big transfer was the apartment submitted by N, Savitsky, second secretary of the party committee for the Perov district. In return for giving Savitsky a thesis to copy and awarding him a degree, he sent him to Moscow-Do-four room apartment in Moscow.
Another academic group, the higher assessment committee, on the same day examined Savviktis's thesis and the original dissertation. He credited it and certified degrees for both men.
An investigation showed that Gorbatenko had been fired from a fishing cooperative and used red caviar stolen there to buy his way into the higher echelons of academia. His only real study was by correspondence in two Far Eastern correspondence schools.
They forged internal passports, documents every Russian adult must carry, to get their assistants into the school. Some customers paid extra to be certified as a special institutes that automatically would deferemn from the military draft.
Soviet Youth Delinquency Rate Growing
While many of the crimes Soviet youth commit are common to slum neighborhoods in America and elsewhere in the world, the Russian delinquents are more likely to be from middle-class families enjoying their countrys with prosperity or split by divorce.
BY MURRAY SEEGER
The Los Angeles Times
In five years, Krasnikov and 16 helpers got 46 men into 18 Moscow institutes, according to the police. Many of the customers came from Soviet Georgia and the operations of the entire firm were so big that the investigation had to be split into two halves in Moscow with help from other republics.
Theoretically, there should be no idle youth in the Soviet Union just as there are officially no unemployed. Still, most of the teenagers who get into trouble are students or workers who have dropped out of society are supported by their parents or their wits.
That phenomenon is clearly growing, an apparent product of greater prosperity that gives youngsters more free time than their parents had and a lack of motivation for the youths to conform to the strict codes of the Soviet system.
The Los Angeles Times
MOSCOW—They call them themselves "the aristocrats" and everyone else, especially adults, are "plebians." Sitting in late night watching a show or getting at everything, one-been气姐 girl said.
Authorities claim they are reducing the rates of major adult crimes, but there is no such assertion about crimes committed by youths.
When these groups youth gather in their intimate groups, there is usually a bottle of wine or vodka and plenty of cigarettes. There is also a strong sense of group solidarity and imitative behavior—if one drinks a full glass of wine at a gulp, another must try it, and so on. There are occasional official mentions of drug use, also.
Under the stern rules of public behavior enforced by the Soviet Union, drawing the line between what is simply youthful enamish and what is delinquency is not easy.
Drinking is blamed for most youth crime just as it is for most adult crime.
Griff and the Unicorn
Ideologist claims the Western notion of a "generation gap" is a "false concession."
"The major thing," said Natasa Cherynshyova of the aristocrats, "is that our boys are good but there is nothing sacred for them. All of us at laugh at everything."
Ordinary, exuberant teen-agers can easily be pushed over the line to be labeled a criminal. The police are compromising police. Quick to use their fists and sticks and with no apparent limits on the amount of force they can use, the often seen in fights with youths emboldened.
Only recently have Soviet authorities started going beyond strict enforcement of the law and tough sentencing to analyze young underclass underlying causes for deviant youth behavior.
Although experts still criticize the "bourgeois behavior" of troublesome teenagers and blame the influences of foreign movies and magazines, Soviet youth acquire a keen interest about Western society and are a pure product of the modern Soviet system.
by Sokoloff
The charge of bolioganism covers everything from causing a disturbance in a cafe to hitting a policeman and can get a youth a year to five years in a labor camp.
sokoloFF
Nixon Taxes Weren't Fair Share
The Washington Post
Rv HOBART ROWEN
WASHINGTON - It wasn't part of his plan, to be sure, but President Nixon has just made the best case yet for tax reform. One doesn't need to know all of the information that Mr. Nixon, during his presidency, has not paid his fair share of taxes.
In the four-year period from 1969 through 1972, the President became a millionaire, tripped his original net worth of about $300,000, and despite a $200,000 annual salary, paid taxes no heavier than a man earning an average of $15,000.
As a matter of fact, in a couple of those years, the taxes Mr. Nixon paid uncle Sam were no higher than those of a man in the $5,000 bracket.
This is a clear demonstration of the "minimum tax" provision of the 1969 Tax Reform Act, which was an attempt to assure some reasonable payment from those persons who were taking taxation on all or most of their income.
The principal device the President used to lower his taxes to a ridiculous token was a gift of his vice president papers to the American people, valued at $758,000. Nobody has yet figured out what the American people can do with them.
But under a law which was scrapped in mid-1969, that amount was deductible from Mr. Nikson's income. Lyndon Johnson, and others, who were "good citizens, have used the same loophole.
Mr. Nixon, although he had denied it just a few weeks earlier at a press conference
with managing editors at Disney World, also took deductions of $27,100 for interest on loans and failed to pay any capital gains on his resale of San Clemente land to Messers. Rebozo and Abalpian, even though Messers now say he made $117,370 on that deal.
There is considerable doubt that Mr. Nixon actually beat the deadline on the gift of his papers. Instead, it appears that the deadline had been met. It appears that the deadline had been met.
Politicians here know that in the fall of 1969, Bryce Harlow, presidential aide, was lobbying on Capitol Hill for a change in the July 25 cut-off date, which would suggest that Mr. Nixon knew he would be skating on thin ice in making the claim.
But the real point, whether the President ultimately has to cough up a larger tax rate, is that he will have to give President have jaunned through a massive deduction for a tax gimmick so outrageous that Congress already had decided to allow a sort of moral leadership does that show?
The picture that is drawn for us by Mr. Nikson's tax returns is that of a man willing to take huge loans from private individuals and who also repurchased land he didn't require to provide him an unusually large deal in buying his California home.
We see a man untrabled by the gift of a $20,000 trust fund to the daughter of the vice president of the United States from Emirate of Saudi Arabia to the Warrior Lambert Pharmaceutical Corp.
We see a man not embarrassed by
pocketing the unspent portion of his annual $50,000 presidential expense allotment, treating it as income instead of returning it to the treasury.
We see a man who paid no California state taxes, relying on a District of Columbia statute designed to exempt federal officials from the excise taxation when temporarily domiciled here.
Taking it all together, what we learn this week is that Mr. Nixon was willing to play the tax laws so close to the edge of technical acceptability that the question remains whether he overstepped the bounds of legality.
But there can be no question about his faulty judgment. He is guilty of the same myopia in dealing with his personal finances that helped entrap him in Watergate. The whole affair must be a disillusionment even for Nixon die-hards.
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China Watchers See Conspiracy
By ROBERT S. ELEGANT
The Los Angeles Times
HONG KONG—Voces calling for a new revolt in China is rising in volume with the formation of a new alliance between the "left extremists" in the country's largest city and its major provincial industrial center.
Premier Chou En-Lai is still fending off assaults against established authority. But the rebellious faction is intensifying its efforts to regain control, in alliance of the discontented before the passing from the political scene of Communist Party Chairman Mao Tse-Tung. The extremists are also apparently wooing Chinese powerful provincial military commanders.
A joint editorial of two papers in Shanghai, the traditional stronghold of the extremists, has just been reprinted in the Wall Street Journal. In Manchuria, China's Khur. The repetition is highly significant because Manchuria is the domain of Gen. Chen Hs-lien, one of China's three most powerful military men. He is a member of the local organ of the Pelican Liberals Army.
THE EDITORIAL S REPUBLICATION and its broadcast by the Heilchungman
As a Hong Kong editor well-connected in Peking put it: "There is definitely a trend"<sup>1</sup>. A 'trend' in Skaggs's special vocabulary means a major political movement.
provincial radio station demonstrate strong connections between the two centers of power- Shanghai and Marchuria. In addition, it indicates that content between moderates and extremists is growing more obvious throughout China.
The editorial, widely disseminated, commented on the "remarks" made by an obscure graduate of the Shanghai Normal School. He called for a new struggle against the conservative forces that have been opposing him and his revisionism, while demonstrating the stubborn persistence of the capitalists in education."
THE 'REMARKS' BY graduate Liu Lihwa were "recorded" before his graduation—a most unlikely honor to have received. He distinguished undergraduate. Their sudden and widespread reappearance demonstrates not only that the extremists are keeping a high degree of organization, moreover, the demonstrated linkage between Shanghai and Manchuria could be duplicated elsewhere.
The very triviality of his "remarks", except for the three major points, indicates how well organized is the present campaign. The present "movement against the tide (of authority)" was initiated by a similar letter of complaint from a student in Manchuria. Liu's "remarks" accelerate that movement.
CHINA SPECIALISTS ARE also busy reading their "tea-leaves"—the appearances and movements of major personalities. They have tentatively concluded that the extremists are attempting to control China's influence with the generals who control provincial governments through their command of the local garrisons.
At this stage, responsible specialists don't wish to overstate that "trend." They acknowledge that their conclusion is highly speculative.
But, they say, the only way the extremists can really hope to attain power is by splitting Chou En-Lai and the generals. And, the specialists add, power is the goal of the complex maneuvering now going on throughout China.