Secession Started Congo Trouble
By United Press International
By United Press International Tension between Katanga and the United Nations began shortly after President Moise Tsahmbe declared the secession of his Congolese province on July 11, 1960. It has flared intermittently since into diplomatic crises and armed conflict.
The first big blow-up started Aug. 2,1960, when the late Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold announced U.N. troops would move into the Katanga as Belgians moved out.
THE NEXT big U.N. involvement came this September after a Security Council resolution authorized the U.N. command to use force if necessary to prevent civil war in the Congo and called for immediate withdrawal of all Belgian and other foreign military personnel not under U.N. command. Tshombe denounced this as a "declaration of war on Katanga" and ordered general mobilization of his forces.
On April 1, the U.N. began airlifting 1,400 India Ghurkha troops into the Kamina base in Katanga despite Tshombe protests this was an act of war.
Three days later, thousands of Africans rioted in Elisabethville, and attacked Swedish U.N. troops who rejected a Tshombe order that they hand over control of Elisabethville airport. Compromise agreement ended the fighting and U.N. Irish troops flew into Katanga the next day to take over firm control of the airport.
HAMMARSKJOLD accused Tshombe of trying to "whip up" anti-U.N. sentiment in the Katanga.
On Aug. 29, U.N. troops took over key points in Elisabethville and rounded up foreign officers in the Katanga army for expulsion.
Early in September anti-U.N. demonstrations broke out anew in Elisabethville as mobs stoned buildings and U.N. troops. U.N. troops were ordered to shoot back if fired upon and U.N. headquarters were moved out to the city outskirts.
Crisis Day-
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ments for rooms in which the discussion groups will be held have been made.
All of the rooms to be used are in Flint, Bailey, Green, and Strong Halls and in the Kansas Union. He said that a complete schedule of rooms, topics, and discussion leaders will be available later this week or by next Monday at the latest.
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On Sept. 13 U.N. troops occupied key points in Elisabethville after a day of fighting with white-officered Katanga troops in which 2 U.N. and 30 Katanganese soldiers were killed. Te next day Katanganese troops attacked U.N.-held buildings with mortar and machine gun fire.
U.N. Jets Attack Katanga Airport
The attack, announced by a U.N. spokesman at headquarters in Leopoldville, all but eliminated the Katanga air force from action and gave the U.N. control of the skies over this secessionist province where all-out fighting raged into its second day.
LEOPOLDVILLE. The Congo — (UPI) United Nations jets destroyed four Katangese planes at the Kolwezi airfield in a 20-minute bombing and strafing attack today.
The U.N. air strike came shortly after a Katangese Dornier plane had attempted to attack the U.N.-held Elisabethville airport.
The U.N. jets, which flew in from Luluabourg in Kasai province, hit the Kolwezi field before the Katang-e planes could get off the ground to attack U.N. positions.
One Katangese plane, a Fouga jet fighter, was reported to have gotten airborne but was forced to land near Luluabourg.
mann and Swedish jets of the U.N. force also attempted to attack the Katangese stronghold of Jadotville this morning but were thwarted by low hanging clouds.
In and about Elisabethville U.N ground forces battled with Katangese troops and police.
Simultaneously, an estimated six U.S. Air Force Globemaster transport planes stepped up supply flights to U.N. forces here, carrying troops, food and military hardware.
A state department announcement said 15 U.S. Air Force C124's and six C130's have been earmarked for Congo use if requested by the United Nations. Most of the planes now are in Europe.
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He predicted the next session of Congress would be characterized by "a great deal of inaction" due to internal party difficulties and strife.
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cat and dog fight" he said.
University Daily Kansan
"Our two parties, as they now stand, are not equipped to deal with the conflict in a government the size of ours."
THE FEDERAL legislation which would appropriate building funds to Kansas will be voted on early in the next session of Congress. The bill provides for a total of $300 million a year in construction and research for state institutions of higher education.
He explained that the purpose of the federal aid bill is to attempt to stimulate state legislatures into doing something about the academic facilities shortage.
Confident that the bill will be passed by Congress, Rep. Ellsworth pointed out that "the bill has had complete bi-partisan support in the House Ways and Means Committee."
WHEN APPROPRIATED, "the sum will probably be distributed by the State Board of Regents," he said.
"Here at KU, for instance, you teachers are in a bind. Some of you are still teaching in temporary buildings that were originally intended to last only until 1945. (He referred to the Strong annexes.)
Rep. Ellsworth said it was doubtful whether Kansas could participate in the loan program provided in the bill because the state constitution prohibits almost all borrowing.
He pointed out that the pending bill provides for $180 million in grants and $120 million in loans Kansas' appropriation of $2.6 million would come out of the grants.
"As it is," he said, "there has to be a new schedule each year." He went on to say the situation called for "crash action."
We rarely find that people have good sense unless they agree with us.—Francois Rochefoucauld
"However," he said, "this might not apply in academic areas."
Wednesday. Dec. 6, 1961
dents shouldn't devote all their time to independent study, because some kinds of subject matter can be learned more efficiently by the student with faculty help.
Lecture-
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DEAN WAGGONER emphasized that even without the addition of more seminar classes, KU will be able to expose undergraduate students to many small discussion courses and undergraduate seminars in the social sciences and the humanities.
In addition, he said, certain College departments—such as history and economics—require seniors majoring within them to enroll in a senior seminar.
(Editor's note: The final article will deal with the Western Civilization program and the standards KU uses in determining what size and type of courses to offer students.)
Finally, he added, there is the KU Western Civilization program for freshman and sophomore students taking part in the KU honors program.
With 1,038 students enrolled this year in its program of independent outside reading followed by group discussions in small groups of eight students and a staff discussion leader, the Western Civilization program is by far the largest of KU's seminature courses for undergraduate students.
The average class size in the College is 20, he said, a number small enough to permit genuine class discussions.
A bargain is something you have to find use for, once you've bought it—Franklin P. Jones
KHRUSHCHEV'S SECRET PROMISE TO IKE
We can't discuss Berlin, says Eisenhower, unless we know its background. In this week's Post, he tells why he opposed the Allied plan for Germany. Why the Nazi surrender was hushed up for 24 hours. And what Khrushchev promised him privately at Camp David.
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