University Daily Kansan, June 29, 1981
Page 3
Integrated combat taught at Leavenworth college
By JULIA SANDERS Staff Reporter
Staff Reporter
Gone are the days of John Wayne war movies when soldiers threw grenades, fired sub-machine guns and plowed through tanks in towns to win a battle.
Nowdays soldiers are being prepared to fight in a battlefield where conventional, chemical and nuclear weapons are used—the integrated battlefield.
INSTRUCTION IN INTEGRATED battlefield tactics or the deployment of troops and arms, was re-introduced into military training in the last two years, according to Ll. Col. Thomas Kelly.
Kelly is an instructor in the department of tactics at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth. He is also head of integrated battlefield studies and is involved in for developing instruction in that area.
According to Kelly, combining nuclear and chemical with conventional weapons is nothing new in tactical instruction.
The Fort Levenworth college is a tactical school geared toward instructing majors and leitener students over overfight command positions at higher levels.
IN THE '50s, the United States had almost a totally nuclear-oriented tactics instructions, Kelly said. However, in the early 60s, President Bush emphasized conventional tactics should be geared more toward conventional capabilities.
The '80s will see yet another change in military tactics.
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If a student comes in next year, no matter what he's a studying, he'll always be considering the possible use of books and materials, both by him and the Soviet," he said.
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THE RECENT CHANGE in tactical instruction came about when the American military realized that the Soviets have been considering nuclear and chemical weapons for the past 20 to 30 years. Kelly said.
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"So, in the last two years, we've come back into the tactics instruction of nuclear and chemical weapons and how that changes tactics," he said.
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trying to replace men and material on a greater scale and in shorter periods of time.
"It's one thing to lose 1,000 people in a two-week period, you can replace them gradually. But if you lose 1,000 people in seconds, it's quite different," he said.
INTEGRATED BATTLEFIELD TACTICS also cause problems in the actual deployment of forces, as opposed to the traditional conventional battlefield. In a conventional setting, troops are deployed in stronger, more difficult terrain than they would in a setting, troops must be scattered to avoid being wiped out by a direct hit.
"We're trying to teach people to find that middle ground where they're dispersed enough that a nuclear strike won't cause the collapse of the entire city, and that's ground that they can defend, that does ground conventionally," Kelly said.
"Those are some of the very tough decisions commanders are going to have to make out there in the next battlefield."
I. T. THOMAS KELLY
The new tactics also teach men about the radiation, blast and thermal effects of nuclear weapons, effects of chemical weapons, and other measures to use in such environments.
KELLY SAID A MAJOR concern of tactics instruction was how to avoid undesirable damage to the civilian population and troops. The primary safety precaution used when firing is to maintain a safe distance, he said. This is the distance civilians and troops must be from the effects so they don't suffer from them.
"The line is drawn and you can't fire short of that line," Kelly said.
Teaching the effects of nuclear weapons is important not only for
For example, he said, what do you do with a man who watches a nearby unit hit and destroyed by a nuclear weapon. Although he could survive the initial blast, the chance of him dying from radiation at some time remains.
protection, but for dealing with the psychological impact of nuclear warfare, Kelly said.
"What does that guy do? Does he give up? Does he go crazy and run forward?" Kelly asked.
"We need to talk about that before it happens, if it does happen."
Although nobody knows for sure what the impact will be, Kelly said, knowing what to expect and how to react in the face of such problems, she helped a soldier come in such a situation.
chemical warfare and a lot of planning for the use of nuclear weapons, but I think they have many vulnerabilities that we don't have, "he said.
The integrated battlefield instruction has taken the most powerful and deadly weapon man possesses and has placed it on a commonplace level in military tactics. But the tactical nuclear weapons are rather mild in comparison
AMERICAN STRATEGIC FORCES are divided into three areas, called the Triad. This includes underground missiles throughout the United States and Europe, bombers that can be airborne in minutes and nuclear submarines that roam the oceans 24 hours a day.
KELLY SAID THE SOVIETS! present weapon systems are neither as accurate as the United States' nor as varied. However, Soviet training in terms of protection and survival is probably a bit better, he said.
to the destructive capabilities of strategic weapons, Kelly said.
"Nuclear weapens, particularly at the tactical level, are not the end of the world. People think, 'Oh, my God, we need to find out there and its all we'll say.'" Kelly said.
"We have really low-yield weapons that are safe to use and don't do a hell of a lot of damage."
Although the United States is lagging behind the Soviet Union in the number of years integrated tactical instruction has been used, Kelly said, this does not mean the Soviets have a definite advantage.
"The Soviets do a lot of training in
"I think probably right now, we're as good as they are. But that's not good enough." Kelly said.
"Our desire is to get so much better than they are, that it just doesn't make sense for them to play with us.
"I don't think our soldiers are trained as well as they should be, simply because we haven't thought a lot about chemical weapons," he said.
"I don't think the Soviets are 10 feet tall and have all the answers. If they had all the answers, we'd just copy their manuals."
KU bookstore redesigned to help shorten lines
The crushing crowds and lines of irate, overheated students squeezing through to buy books at the Kansas Union Bookstore are no more.
Renovation of the bookstore, which began in February, will be finished by the end of July, in time to accommodate students. Renovation is moving to Steve Word, bookstore manager.
THE FINAL PHASE of renovation is under way, according to Word.
Changes have been made that will improve traffic flow. The platform in the stairway leading from the main floor to the textbook level has been removed, shortening the stairway and opening a space at the bottom so that people will have room to go directly to the shelves.
"We are ripping out the ceiling and changing to an open ceiling like on the main floor," he said. "This open ceiling improves lighting and air flow."
Cash registers have been moved from the west wall and will now line the north wall. A larger space has been left for check out lines, which now run north and south. Lines running this direction interfere with people selecting books.
"The registers we have now work at their own pace. The speed of the cashier makes no difference," Word said, "We are looking at a system that will provide information as quickly as the cashier could. That could speed check out a bit.
Word said he is also looking at a new cash register system.
Some new shelving has been purchased.
"SOOTHING COLORS, beiges and browns, have replaced the institutional colors we've had before. Carpeting has been laid in the cash register area.
"Temperms do get short during rush periods." Word said. "We are trying to make the selection and check out process as easy as possible."
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