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University Daily Kansan, April 14, 1981
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Prof studies Saturn's rings
By ANNIKA NILSSON Staff Reporter
Staff Reporter
Gravity alone cannot fully explain the ring structure Voyager 1 revealed in its Saturn fflybly ffly November. Thomas Hawkins's physics and astronomy, said Friday.
Armstrong is involved with analyzing data from one of Voyager's experiments.
In a lecture sponsored by Astronomy Associated of Lawrence, Armstrong said the complexity of the rings and the spokes within them suggested that other forces played a role in their formation and maintenance.
The spokes are transient dark areas that appear in the rings as they emerge from behind Saturn. One theory about them postulates that electrostatic forces displace groups of dust particles, or create a "hole" in the ring, Armstrong said.
THE ELECTROSTATIC forces are the same that attract dust to records.
"This thing has some very substantial implications for the way in which small particles get together to form large particles such as planets," he said. "We have to tell us that we have to add electrostatics into the process."
He also said that gravity alone could not explain the presence of about 900 individual ring filaments found in contrast-enhanced photographs.
"It is either electrostatics or some larger inert satellites," Armstrong said. "Perhaps there are some families of substantial size hidden in the rings."
"No one really knows at this point except that Newton is going to need some help on this one," he said.
MOST OF SATURUN'S rings are perfect circles, but one elliptic ring and the twisted F-ring do not conform to their circular equilibrium orbits.
Armstrong said the irregular features suggested a continuing dynamic process.
"Perhaps the ring material is continuously being removed and deposited on the satellite surfaces," he said.
The Voyager also sent pictures of Saturn itself. The images did not reveal the planet's surface but showed some cloud patterns.
"There is some evidence of a planet
way much like the Earth's jet
stream, it's a very cold one."
Saturn's wave, however, has much
less force than it did before because the
platter strikes so much harder.
SATURUN'S SATELLITES attracted much attention during the November flyb. Two of them are unique in the universe because they share an identical orbit.
leader moon but the two satellites will probably never collide, Armstrong said.
Instead, he explained, the interaction of satellites' gravitational fields will slow the leader down when they come close. The slowed-down moon will orbit from Saturn while the trailing moon will speed up and pass closer to the planet.
The trailing moon is overtaking the
"As these two satellites will close up on each other they will do a little cosmic pirate." Armstrong said.
Voyager 1 saw only one of the twin satellites with its cameras but Voyager 2, scheduled to fly by Saturn in August, will take pictures of the follower.
"We may in fact have a case of a larger object which has broken apart by impact," Armstrong said.
ONE OF SATURN'S mysteries is its perfectly aligned magnetic field. On other planets, such as Earth and
Jupiter, the magnetic field is about 10 mSr and the rotational arm, Armagoid, axes.
He said asymmetry was necessary to account for the radio signal Saturn emitted. Every time the planet points to earth toward Earth, it emits a signal, be said.
Armstrong is co-investigator in a project aimed at mapping the magnetic field by recording charged particle radiation.
The particles, which include ionized hydrogen and helium, are detected with a silicon plate on the Voyager spacecraft. The plate registers the force and rate of impact as well as the type of particle and its charge.
Because the particles are influenced by magnetic forces, the data can be used to map Saturn's magnetic field, Armstrong said.
ROTC enrollment increases at KU
All branches of KU's ROTC reported an increase in enrollment for the current school year.
By ALVIN A. REID Staff Reporter
James Cloning, Army ROTC asst. professor, said his branch had an increase every year and that a growing cohort of enrollment are happening nationwide.
"We have experienced approximately a 10 percent rise in enrollment every year since 1973," he said. "At other colleges and universities, the enrollment level has been increasing since the early seventies also."
There are 236 students enrolled in Army ROTC.
Cloninger said that he didn't know if the nationwide increase was as
high as 10 percent, but that there was a definite increase in Army ROTC cadets.
Bruce Dettman, Lt. Cmdr. Naval ROTC, said that enrollment in the naval branch fluctuated yearly but increased by a number of naval cadets had risen.
"We go up and down in numbers enrolled, but we have experienced a significant increase," he said. "Much of our increase is due to third-year students who became interested in the program and went to summer training camp to gain the two years they missed."
Dettman said international affairs contributed to the fluctuations in ROTC enrollment.
country," he said, "and as a result ROTCenrollment went down.
"During the late 60s and early 70s many students were withdrawing from any type of service to their
"After the Afghanistan and Iranian situations arose more students applied for ROTC enrollment. We now have five applicants for every scholarship we have to offer."
Col. Jack Gentry, Air Force ROTC, also reported an increase in enrollment.
Ninety-nine students are enrolled in Naval ROTC. Marine ROTC cadets are included in this number.
"Since Sept. 1, our rolls have increased from 55 to 74," he said. "There has been a greater increase in the enrollments and we're a part of it too."
Dettman said ROTC benefits, as well as world affairs, affect enrollment.
Space Center to study shuttle
BOB MOEN Staff Reporter
The KU Space Center-a new frontier.
Its mission: to enhance research and education in space science and technology, to contribute to the economic growth of the Midwest and to help link KU schools and departments that have not interacted before.
Situated on the western edge of West Campus, the KU Space Center, Raymons students Hall, is a far out of reach of minds as the space huddle was hard.
The three-story $2.5 million building, dedicated in 1972, is modern in appearance, with 10 large glass-walled laboratories visible from the lobby.
"We're training students and advancing knowledge at the same time," B.G. Barr, director of the center, said yesterday.
HE SAID the building was the result of a National Aeronautics and Space Administration investment program to help universities train future scientists and engineers in technology. NASA建了28所 buildings around the country.
"It can be applied to other things than space," said Barr, who is also a professor of mechanical engineering.
Barr said the primarily research facility was unique because it brought many fields of study together.
Besides engineering, the building houses physics, chemistry, business economics, geography, geology, engineering research and human development study.
All these disciplines are a part of research programs. One such program is the Business and Engineering Technical Applications programme and another by providing technical information for process and productivity improvement
Other programs include the Kansas Applied Remote Sensing program, which uses satellites and airborne systems for managing natural resources and monitoring the environment. The Laboratory program which is designing a radar system to be flown on future space shuttles.
BARR SAID the programs transferred their results to the public and contributed to the economic growth of the Midwest.
"This building and this center and its people are right up-to-date with society."
Barr said that in today's competitive world the United States must have capable technicians, disciplined and knowledgeable about the basic sciences and able to apply their knowledge to new products and services.
He said the Center would use the space shuttle as a lab and graduate students could work with industry and NASA to construct new ideas.
"We think we can be a real catalyst for the space program," Barr said.
Barr summarized the Center's value and objectives as coming down to "communication."
"We're looked upon at NASA as one of the most successful at what the building was originally intended to do," he said.
Faculty members and candidates for Doctorate, Masters, Law and Bachelor Degrees!
Order Caps, Gowns and Hoods Now!
Pro-choice group fights abortion ban
The bill would also make birth control devices illegal.
Lawrence pre-choice supporters today began a three-day letter writing campaign in an effort to defeat a controversial anti-abortion bill scheduled to go before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee next week.
Pro-choice information desks, a lecture and a film also are scheduled on campus this week as part of the campaign, Carole Engelder, a member of the KU Commission on the Status of Women, said yesterday.
"We are advocating choice," she said. "It should be left up to the woman to decide for herself whether she should have an abortion."
Pro-choice groups are trying to launch a grassroots lobbying effort to stop passage of the bill, Mary Willeighy, a Lawrence resident, said.
a way of getting around the Constitution."
"If abortion were a federal crime,
who would enforce it," she asked. "The FATF
"We're concerned that the government is making a choice that should be left up to the individual," she said.
Beck-Rex said the bill raised many questions and problems.
"How would you monitor whether a woman was using an IUD or birth control olls?" she asked.
It also forbids lower federal courts from bearing cases that challenge a federal or state regulation on abortion, she said.
In addition to opposing the bill calling for a constitutional amendment that would ban abortions, pro-choice groups are lobbying against a Senate bill that would redefine the word "person" in the 14th Amendment.
"This means cases would go directly to the Supreme Court, and then it could rehear the 173 decision that made abortions legal," she said. "This is just
"The bill would interpret 'person' to include the fertilized egg," Marguerite Beck-Rex, spokesman for National Action League in Washington, said.
Pro-choice activities at KU include a film, "So Many Voices," which is about reproductive choices. It will be shown on Tuesdays at 8 p.m. tomorrow in the Kansas University.
Terry Dirks, a pro-choice lobbyist for the Kansas National Abortion Rights Action League, will lecture at 7 p.m. Thursday in the Kansas Union.
TITANIC GOES DOWN APRIL 15,1912 GP'S PRICES GO DOWN APRIL 15,1981
Starting at 10:00—Free Champagne & hors d'oeuvres (as long as it lasts)
at Midnight(when Titanic strikes Iceberg)
Prices start sinking $25^{\circ}$/hour 2:40 (Titanic SUNK)
It took the Titanic 21/2 hours to go down,69 years ago . . .
How long will it take you?
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Ron Griffin
Service Manager
Jerry Sinovic
Service Adviser
All Japanese Imports Coupons must be presented at time of write-up.
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