University Daily Kansan, February 19, 1981
Page 7
AND
gston
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Special to the Kansan
Edward Zeller, professor of geology and Gisela Dreschhoff, courtesy assistant professor of physics and astronomy, have spent the Antarctic summer months taking samples of ice to determine why ice ages come and go.
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Antarctic ice harbors a chemical record of past solar activity that could give a clue to why ice ages come and go.
Scientists probe polar ice for clue to past
By ANNIKA NILSSON Staff Reporter
No refreshments allowed
Edward Zeller, KU professor of geology, and Bruce Parker, professor of biology at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, have developed a method to trace sunspot activity based on the chemical composition of polar ice.
According to Zeiler, studying the ice could reveal much more about past solar activity than direct observation of the sun.
For several years, Parker, Zeller and Gisela Dreschchoff, KU courtesy assistant professor of physics and astronomy, have spent the Antarctic summer months taking core samples of the never-melting ice.
SOLAR ACTIVITY seems to be linked to long-term climate changes sunspot fluctuations could explain the periodic cycle of ice ages.
They have analyzed the chemical composition of the ice and have found that the concentration of nitrates varied with yearly sunset activity.
The sun emits charged particles that attack oxygen then combine to eventually form nitrates. Zeller explained.
"The solar activity is manifested by nitrates in the ice," Zeller said.
"All the nitrate that falls remains in the ice." he said.
Parker said it was not possible to get clean samples of really old ice because it was contaminated during the drilling process.
He said that so far they had analyzed ice as old as 3,500 years.
"It's rather like the rings of a tree," Zeller said.
EACH YEAR'S snowfall forms a layer in the ice sheet, which covers 97 percent of Antarctica. By drilling, it is possible to recover冰 from 75,000 years ago.
"We have proven that nitrates followed sunspot activity during several small ice ages." Parker said.
He said he was optimistic about being
Zeller said one of the most drastic cooling periods, during which sunspot activity was recorded, showed up nicely in the ice layers.
able to analyze ice from several major ice ages as soon as the technology for clean deen drilling was developed.
DURING THE MAUNDER minimum, or the Little Ice Age from 1645 to 1715, the sunspot activity was close to zero and there was a drastic drop in nitrate accumulation, Zeller said.
"During prolonged periods of sunspot activity, the temperature tends to fall." Zeller said. "The details on exactly what happens, we don't know."
Zeller said the long-term objective of the study was to determine what stopped the last ice age, which ended about 10.000 years ago.
Parker hypothesized that it could have ended with a very large display of solar activity which started melting the ice.
Most of the plant life is blue-green algae which forms mats of growth on the slopes of the lake.
In another research project on the continent, Parker dives into Antarctic lakes through a melted hole.
"The lake bottom is covered with all sorts of strange things," he said.
THE LAKES HAVE about 18 feet of permanent ice on top, but enough light penetrates to support life, Parker said. "The lake bottom is covered with all."
"Despite the small amount of light, the algae is able to photosynthesize," Parker said.
"We have rediscovered stromatites," Parker said.
Parker said one of the most exciting findings in Antarctic lakes was the rediscovery of an organism that appeared in 3 billion-year-old fossils.
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HE SAID THAT stromatilite fossils had been found in Colorado and that they were responsible for tar formation in the oil shales.
Parker said the rediscovery offered an opportunity to study the origin of oil shale, but that they could only survey resources on the 3 percent of the Antarctic which was not covered with snow or ice.
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College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Election
For Undergraduate Representatives to the College Assembly. The College Assembly is . . . the Policy and Decision making body of College of Liberal Arts and Science
and Sciences.
Filing applications available at 206 Strong Hall and Nunemaker Center for FRESHMEN, SOPHOMORES AND JUNIORS. Filing deadline: 4:30 pm, Monday, February 23rd, In 206 Strong Hall and Nunemaker Center. Self nominations by students are encouraged and there are over a hundred student positions available.
Election will be conducted
February 26 and 27 in 206 Strong Hall.
SINCE 1876
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