Sweden Is an 'Active Neutral'
Sweden's ambassador to the United States, Gunnar Jarring, said Friday the cornerstone of his country's foreign policy is a neutrality which accents the responsibilities of participation in world affairs.
Mr. Jarring spoke to more than 350 persons at a meeting of the International Club in the Ballroom of the Kansas Union.
THE AMBASSADOR, who as Sweden's chief delegate to the U.N. in 1958 served as president of the Security Council, said neutrality as defined by his government means "freedom from alliances."
In terms of the cold war, the policy of neutrality becomes a policy of not allowing the country to be driven into either of the big power blocs, the tall, veteran diplomat said.
Sweden's present neutrality, he said "grows out of the experiences of two World Wars" and a deep national desire to perpetuate 145 years of uninterrupted peace in the country.
However, Sweden accepted a restriction on its declared neutrality, when in October 1945 it accepted U.N. membership with all the implications of collective security, he continued.
Nor is the country's neutrality meant as a negation of traditional ties, he added.
"WE ARE A PART of the western world and will always be so. Our whole way of life is directed to Western life, our history, emotions, and social reasoning."
Ambassador Jarring, who was an associate professor teaching Turkish affairs at the Swedish University at Lund before joining his countries diplomatic service, said Sweden's foreign policy was also based on "the strongest defenses we can afford.
"Sweden must not become an empty space, a military vacuum, to be filled by some other power," he said. But neither will the country
accept outside assistance, military or otherwise, he continued.
Dr. W. Clarke Wescoe, who canceled a trip to Washington, D.C., to be present at the meeting, welcomed Ambassador Jarring to the campus and presented the diplomat with a momento of the university.
AS A POSITIVE FORCE in foreign relations, he said, "we have stressed trying legal solutions for international justice." It is his nation's belief that the International Court at the Hague could be used more than it is for this purpose, he added.
Asked if this was because he would like to see another Swedish citizen like the late Dag Hammarskjold take the job, he gave a categorical no for an answer.
It was a miniature metal Jay-hawk, which the chancellor remarked might come in handy as a paperweight.
A reception was held for the ambassador following the program. Shafiq Hashmi, Hyderabad, India, graduate student and president of the club, presided.
During a question period following the main lecture, Ambassador Jarring said Sweden "has not been in favor of the Russian-sponsored Troika plan for the U.N. secretariat."
HE SAID GROWTH in the U.N membership since 1953 has come largely from the addition of new Asian and African countries. For that reason, he said, he would favor a representative from one of these countries as U.N. secretary general.
Diplomacy, P-T-P Topic
Gen. Johnson disagreed saying that the NATO is really the basic foundation for present day foreign diplomacy.
DEAN HELLER started the Forum discussion by giving historical back- ground to modern American diplomacy.
"The Greek and Turkish Aid doctrine initiated our present day form of foreign policy followed by the Marshall Plan and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization," he said.
Prof. Mudroch added a third possibility as to the origin of modern American diplomacy.
The end success or failure of American diplomacy is measured by whether or not you have more successes than failures, three speakers concluded at the first People-to-People forum last night.
Francis Heller, associate dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Vaclav Mudroch, assistant professor of history, and Gen. Harold K. Johnson, commandant of Ft. Leavenworth military school, spoke to an audience of approximately 60 people in the Forum Room of the Kansas Union.
Monday, October 9, 1961
"1947 is the wrong date. I think it started in 1943. Tehran and Yalta are where the big deals were made. For example, in May, 1945, the Americans were 50 miles from Prague and the Russians were 90 miles away. When an uprising started in that city the American army didn't help; the Russians did and thus the propaganda triumph was theirs."
After the short discussion as to the beginning of present-day policy the panel was open to questions.
Weather
He said:
Cloudy and cooler with occasional light rain today and tonight. Cloudy and colder tomorrow. High this afternoon in the 50s. Low tonight 35 to 40.
ONE STUDENT asked how Kennedy's announcement that the West German government should try to resolve the German problem by dealing with East Germany's government should be understood.
"Sometimes things are said only to see how people will react," Dean Heller added.
Gen. Johnson replied that the statement was made by General Clay in Berlin, not Kennedv.
This was the first in a series of People-to-People forums to be held at KU-this year.
Daily hansan
59th Year, No. 17
TEN MINUTES LATER, a 1959 Triumph sports car driven by Douglas B. Gillespie, 5300 W 69th, Prairie Village, Kans., jumped the center island at 1930 Naismith and struck a northbound car driven by Gary F. Conklin, Hutchinson second year law student. Joseph M. O'Brien, of Kansas City, Mo., a rider in the Gillespie car, was thrown out during the impact. He was admitted to Lawrence Memorial Hospital and was reported in critical condition.
At 12:25 a.m. Sunday, a car driven by Michael F. McFadden, Long Beach, Calif., freshman, collided at the intersection of Ninth and Michigan St. with a vehicle driven by Charles Manney, Arkansas City senior. Manney was sent to Watkins Memorial Hospital with minor facial injuries. He was charged with running a stop sign, DWI, and possession of an open bottle.
ASC Meeting Reset
The All Student Council meeting originally scheduled for 7:30 p.m. Tuesday will now be held at 7:30 p.m. Wednesday. The meeting was rescheduled because it conflicted with a regional Peace Corps meeting being held Tuesday night in Kansas City.
LAWRENCE. KANSAS
Traffic Mishaps Injure Four Saturday Night
Three injury accidents occurred this weekend within a 15 minute period.
McFadden was heading west on Ninth when Manney drove in front of him. Damage was extensive to both cars. There were three riders in each vehicle.
Gillespie, who was headed south, stated that an unidentified ve-
Yankees Lead 11-3 At End of 4 Innings
(Continued on page 12)
CINCINNATI — (UPI) — The powerful New York Yankees, led by John Blanchard, Hector Lopez and Bill Skowron, scored five runs in both the first and fourth innings today and gained an 11-3 lead over the Cincinnati Reds in the fifth game of the World Series. (See page 12 for play by play.)
Progress Needs Non-Conformists
Non-conformists are necessary if society is to progress, Edwin Wilson, executive director of the American Humanist Association, said Friday.
Mr. Wilson, speaking at the Minority Opinion Forum, said the non-conformist through history has been the heretic "who listened to strange voices which said things opposing the existing creed."
BUT, HE REMINDED the audience, yesterday's heresy becomes today's orthodoxy.
"As long as we have conservatives, we have to depend on the nonconformist," Mr. Wilson said. "We have to have someone suffering to get progress."
He said it is not easy to go against the mores of society.
"The non-conformist sees what's right, he speaks up for it, and often he has to take the consequences," he said.
Mr. Wilson said the American Humanist Association is especially interested in protecting the rights of the religious non-conformist. These rights are being threatened, he said, when religion is taught in the public schools.
"If I were an orthodox Christian," he said, "I would want to keep state and church separate to be sure they (the government) wouldn't do anything to my church. It works both ways."
"WE OPPOSE any dominant religious group using the facilities of the public schools to teach religion to children." he said.
He reminded the audience that the Bill of Rights guarantees freedom from religion as well as freedom of religion and guarantees the separation of church and state.
Mr. Wilson said the association was trying to help men who opposed military service on grounds other than religion.
"THE LAW SAYS you have no rights as a conscientious objector if you don't believe in God," he said. "We believe a non-theist can also have a conscience."
In the question period following the talk, Mr. Wilson was asked whether he objected to the recitation of the pledge of allegiance, containing the words "under God" in the school.
"Any effort to make patriotism
rationalistic makes it hollow," he said.
"I would object on these grounds."
IN AN INTERVIEW before the talk, Mr. Wilson said the AHA has approximately 4,500 members in 80 chapters. It has been growing steadily for the past 15 years, he said.
Although there are student chapters at several colleges, the association prefers to have students in the regular chapters.
"Most people do their best thinking while in college," he said. "Why not integrate the students with the older members for the benefit of all?"
Kansas Gets Hanging OK
WASHINGTON — (UPI) — The Supreme Court today denied a hearing to Lowell Lee Andrews, a one-time Kansas University student facing hanging for the 1958 murder of his parents and sister at their farm home near Kansas City.
The brief order leaves Kansas free to carry out the execution.
The appeal said the trial judge omitted necessary instructions to the jury, including those on lesser degrees of homicide.
Referring to Andrews as a "mentally disturbed boy of 18," the appeal said the death penalty was improper in his case.
The appeal said the youth was denied a fair trial because of the introduction of a confession made to police after a private conference with Rev. Virto C. Dameron, minister of Grandview Baptist Church, Kansas City, attended by the Andrews family.
The appeal said that under Dameron's influence Andrews confessed the crime to police even though they told him he was not compelled to make a statement.
Andres himself called police to the scene of the crime where the bodies of his parents and sister, Jennie Lee, were found in the house at 6040 Wolcott Drive in Wyandotte County on Nov. 29. 1958.
The Supreme Court of Kansas affirmed the conviction on Dec. 10, 1960. Gov. John Anderson of Kansas denied a clemency plea.
Area's First Fallout Shelter Nearing Completion
By Dennis Farney
A fallout shelter is an "inexpensive luxury" for Larry McGrath, a civil defense-minded first year law student.
McGrath, a former Marine jet pilot from Ottawa, is the first KU student to build a fallout shelter. He summed up his outlook while standing beside the ten-foot-deep hole which houses his partially completed shelter.
"HAVE YOU ever spent $200 for something that wasn't absolutely necessary?" he asked. "Well, it's that way with this shelter. My family and I may never use it, but for the security it provides, at the small cost, it's worth it."
McGrath and his wife, Cynthia, have three children: Melissa, 4; Lucinda, 2; and Shawn, 1.
"Anyway," he continued. "I think the fatalistic attitude of so many college students—We'll all be killed if a nuclear war comes, so why worry about it?"—is not realistic at all.
"The United States government spends billions of dollars for national defense and hundreds of millions have been spent on radar warning systems. But what good is all this money if there's no place to go when the bombers get here? If we feel that it's foolish to build a shelter, why let the government spend all that money just to warn us?"
BUILDS FALLOUT SHELTER—Larry McGrath, a first year law student, works on the bomb shelter he is building for his family's use in the event of a nuclear attack. He expects to complete it in three or four weeks.
McGRATH'S SHELTER, based on plans approved by Civil Defense authorities, will be an 8 by 13 by 10 foot structure, built of concrete blocks. When completed, it will be covered by three feet of dirt and eventually, he hopes—a lawn.
"When we get the grass started," he said, "you won't even know the shelter is here."
While primarily designed for protection against fallout—which, experts believe, will cause more fatalities than the actual nuclear blast which precedes it—McGrath believes that the shelter is deep enough to afford protection against a distant blast.
IN BUILDING the shelter, McGrath has been hampered by both inexperience and rainy weather.
"I've poured concrete before," he said, "but I've never worked with concrete blocks. But my main problem has been the rains. They keep washing dirt into the hole."
McGrath, who had been working on the shelter an hour a day for five weeks, speeded up progress Saturday when he sponsored a "beer blast" to induce friends to aid in the construction. Nine responded, and one wall of the shelter was heightened by five feet during the afternoon.
He hopes to complete the shelter within the next few weeks.