Daily Hansan
LAWRENCE, KANSAS
Monday, Sept. 25, 1961
59th Year, No. 7
'Atomic Protection for Berlin'
KU Says No To 12 Month Plan
The Chancellor's office has distributed copies of a study concerning the possibilities of a 12-month school year to the various departments of the University.
But there are no plans to put a similar system into operation here, says George B. Smith, dean of the University.
"I'm sure that there is no thinking here of instituting the tri-mester (12-month) system," he said. "This study is simply to keep our people aware of what other institutions are doing."
The report, said Dean Smith, was released at the request of the Senate Advisory Committee because of public interest aroused by the trimester plan. It summarizes studies made by the University of Wisconsin, the University of Pittsburgh, Wayne State University, the University of Massachusetts, the University of Illinois and Pennsylvania State University.
THE TRIMESTER PLAN divides the school year into three terms: September to mid-December, January to mid-April and mid-April to July. It has been instituted by the University of Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University and is currently under consideration at Wayne State University and the University of Massachusetts. It was rejected by the University of Illinois.
The advantages of the program cited in the report are as follows:
- Fuller utilization of classroom space on a year-around basis, if a uniform distribution of enrollment among all three trimesters can be obtained.
- The early closing date of the second trimester permits graduates to avoid the June rush for jobs.
- More degrees per year could be granted, provided that enrollments increased substantially.
- The year-around program would allow students to accelerate their progress through college.
However, the program has a number of disadvantages. Among them are losses of some former summer activities such as conferences, symposia and short courses; a reduction in the length of faculty vacations to four weeks a year; an alteration of the traditional school period for students; and problems of admission of students from schools not on the trimester program.
THE MAIN PROBLEM posed by the trimester approach, Dean Smith said, is that for the system to be workable, the same number of students should be enrolled for each trimester.
A 1958 study of the trimester program by Rutgers University indicated that without even distribution of enrollment, the program might be "more expensive and less efficient" than the present two-semester arrangement.
"It would be difficult," Dean Smith said, "for any university to enforce the necessary equal distribution."
He pointed out that enrollment for the KU summer session is only 40 per cent of that of the regular school year and seems unlikely to increase under the present enrollment system.
Prof.Says Total Victory Over Reds Not Possible
By Clayton Keller
A history professor said Friday night the United States must realize it can never obtain total victory over communism
Professor Norman A. Graebner, chairman of the history department at the University of Illinois, made the statement in the keynote address for the fourth conference for history teachers in the Forum Room of the Kansas Union. His address was entitled, "The Challenge Within."
"UNITED STATES POWER IS too limited for total victory," Prof. Graebner said. "Therefore, we must establish our own conditions for coexistence."
"The United States does not have the power or obligation to serve mankind in general," he asserted. "Any attempt to get rid of the evil in the world would destroy what good there is."
The speaker said it is not wrong to accept compromises which would stabilize the present status in the world.
PROF. GRAEBEN SAID THOSE who advocate total victory over communism have not provided any means for the victory.
Those who advocate total victory are actually advocating total war against communism, the speaker said, and are overestimating what the United States can do
Prof. Graebner said we should not be too concerned over Soviet triumphs in Asia and Africa because "what we have lost there was not really vital."
African and Asian nations see communism as a means of moving quickly into the twentieth century, the speaker said, but nationalism remains their primary goal. Their communism will not be the same as Russia's, he said, and these nations will not be of use to Russia anyway.
On the other hand, Prof Graebner said, we often overestimate the power of communism as an ideology. Russia's advances, he said, come not through an ideology but through military power.
COMMUNIST CHINA. FOR EXAMPLE, is kept in the Russian camp because of mutual interests rather than mutual ideologies, Prof. Graebner pointed out, and may soon prove to be the greatest threat to the Soviet Union in many years.
"RUSSIA'S CONTROL EXTENDS only as far as the Red Army," he stated.
"The moment may come when Russia will rue the day the communists gained control of China," he said.
Russia's economic gains cause us too much worry, according to Prof. Graebner. He said American econ-
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John F. Kennedy
Varied Reaction To JFK Speech
UNITED NATIONS — (UPI) President Kennedy's speech to the General Assembly today brought strong reaction, most of it favorable, from delegates.
SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER Andrei A. Gromyko—"I don't care to say anything at this time."
A cross-section of comment:
Dutch Foreign Minister J. M. A. H. Luns—"It was an impressive statement and a strong stimulus for all those who want to preserve the United Nations as an effective instrument of peace."
Chinese Nationalist Foreign Minister Chen Chang-Huan—"A great effort to maintain the United Nations and a fine plea for international cooperation to keep the peace."
ISRAELI FOREIGN MINISTER Golda Meir—"It was a fine speech. I can't imagine anyone taking exception to the principles laid down. My only hope is that they will be accepted by everybody—peace, freedom and self-determination."
Cuban Foreign Minister Raul Roa — "Didn't you see me in the General Assembly? I didn't applaud. That's all."
Liberian Ambassador Nathan Barnes—"It was wonderful, courageous and brave."
PHILIPPINE AMBASSADOR Joaquin M. Elizalde—"It was the most eloquent and comprehensive speech I have heard here. It covered all problems, at least from the stand-point of our group."
Burmese Ambassador U Thant—"On the whole, it was a very constructive speech and should be very helpful in the discussion of the two items—disarmament and the U. N. Secretariat. I think his proposals on disarmament especially will be welcomed by the vast majority of delegates."
Weather
SAUDI ARABIAN MINISTER of State Ahmad Shukairy—"I admired (Continued on page 8)
(Continued on page 8)
Kansas — generally fair and warmer this afternoon, tonight and Tuesday. Much warmer northwest this afternoon. Low tonight 45 to 50. High Tuesday in the 70s.
Weathermen said a dropoff in the rains yesterday helped tremendously to remove threats of floods.
Skies today were clear, winds were light, 5 to 10 miles an hour, generally west or northwest.
Temperatures yesterday were from 32 at Garden City and Goodland to 46 at Topeka to highs of from 47 at Goodland to 59 at Dodge City and Salina.
JFK Pledges Nuclear Safeguards for City
UNITED NATIONS — (UPI) President Kennedy said today the United States and its Allies have "calmly resolved" to use nuclear arms if necessary to protect the freedom of West Berlin and maintain access to that city.
At the same time, Kennedy offered to open negotiations on the crisis if the Russians will talk on terms of "mutual respect and concern for the rights of others."
He told the U.N. General Assembly that the United States was "committed to no rigid formula" for settling the explosive Berlin and German problems but "we cannot surrender the freedom of a people for whom we are responsible."
"The Western powers have calmly resolved to defend, by whatever means are forced upon them, their obligations and their access to the free citizens of West Berlin and the self-determination of those citizens," the President said.
He said Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev's proposed peace treaty with the Communist East Germans — unrecognized by the West — would be only a "paper arrangement" made by the Russians with a "regime of their own creation."
The Western powers "are not concerned" with any such pact, Kennedy declared.
The President challenged the Soviet Union to a "peace race" to save mankind from a fate of extinction "like that of the dinosaur."
His challenge took the form of a new six-point disarmament program. It would start with a restored ban on nuclear tests and end only with mutual destruction of missiles.
The president rejected Russia's demands for a three-headed "troika" administration of the United Nations.
Alternately determined and conciliatory in emphasis, he spoke to the General Assembly for an eloquently-phrased 40 minutes. He was interrupted six times by applause. Afterward he shook hands
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★★
The chief points of President Kennedy's address to the U.N. General Assembly today:
Kennedy's Main Points
TROIKA:
The United States rejects the Russian suggestion of a vetoloaded triumvirate to fill the late Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold's position because it would "entrench the cold war in the headquarters of peace."
DISARMAMENT:
A six point plan: 1.—A test ban treaty. 2.—Cease production of fissionable materials for use in weapons and their transfer to any nations lacking nuclear weapons. 3.—Prohibit transfer of control of nuclear weapons to states that do not now own them. 4.—Keep nuclear weapons from seeding new battlefields in outer space. 5.—Gradual destruction of existing nuclear weapons and conversion of nuclear materials for peaceful uses. 6.—Halt unlimited testing and production of strategic nuclear vehicles and gradually destroying them.
**
BERLIN:
The Western powers have resolved to defend, by whatever means forced upon them, their obligations, the free access, and rights of the citizens of West Berlin. Kennedy said he believes a peaceful agreement is possible and reported that the possibilities of negotiation are being explored.
U.N. PEACE FORCE:
All U.N. members should earmark special peace-keeping units in their armed forces to be on call to the United Nations. He said the American delegation would suggest improvements in the U.N. machinery for on-the-spot fact-finding, mediation and adjudication of international disputes.
OUTER SPACE:
The United Nations charter should be amended to preserve outer space for peaceful use and prohibit weapons of mass destruction in space or on celestial bodies. Kennedy said the United States would propose cooperative efforts in weather prediction and control and a global system of communication satellites for telegraph, telephone, radio and TV.