1AM 3.07.20
Friday, Oct. 12, 1962 University Daily Kar
Latin America:
Page 3
Vast Area Experiences Social Unrest
By Bill Mullins
Latin America is a vast area laced with both resentment and friendship for the United States and which is in the midst of a dangerous period of social and economic ferment, according to a Latin American expert at KU.
But beyond this, generalizations about the various peoples, economies, politics and ideas of Latin America do not hold true, said John Augelli, professor of geography and chairman of the Latin American area program. "I want to stress the tremendous variety in Latin America."
AS AN EXAMPLE OF the need to differentiate between the peoples and areas of Latin America, Prof. Augelli pointed out that the Indian masses who live in the Andes are quite different from the European masses who live in Argentina and Southern Brazil.
But, returning to the problem of social and economic ferment and citing what he called a real generality. Prof. Augelli said that the peasants are increasingly restless and are "becoming suspicious that there is a better deal to be had."
"The question is whether the Alliance for Progress and other instruments for evolution can bring about a large enough change fast enough to avoid revolution," he said.
DISCUSSING LATIN AMERICAN support for the United States, Prof. Augelli said he thinks the combination of fear of communism and a belief that for the first time the United States really means to do something positive has produced support from a wide variety of groups.
These groups would range from the extreme right to the socialists, he said, adding that this does not mean that all elements of these groups support the United States, but that a substantial number do.
Prof. Augelli emphasized that support exists for the United States as a positive force and instigator of progressive social and economic change, not for the United States as a symbol.
"IF SOMETHING like the Alliance for Progress had been started and been effective 40 or 50 years ago, then conceivably we might have avoided a Castro and the kind of situation that exists in Northeast Brazil, where hungry peasants simply take over the land and try to
hold on by force if necessary," Prof. Augelli said.
must depend. He used copper to illustrate this commercial dependency.
If copper drops one cent a pound on the U.S. market, this to Americans is the law of supply and demand operating. But to the Chilean this is simply the rich American trying to reduce his income, Prof. Augelli said.
There are many other reasons for Latin American resentment, Prof. Augelli said. As examples he cited:
Prof. John Augelli
Daily Hansan
The effectiveness of the Alliance for Progress does not depend on how many dollars can be poured into a country or how many promises of reform can be extracted, but on how many of the promises are actually kept, Prof. Augelli said. "As a Chilean merchant said, 'How can you expect us to legislate against ourselves?'"
PROF. AUGELLI said another factor was envy of the "colossus to the North," which is often the market on which Latin Americans
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- The tendency of the United States to speak of itself as the symbol of liberty and democracy and yet recognize Latin American dictators.
Describing the distrust for the United States that exists among many Latin American groups, Prof. Augelli cited the Monroe Doctrine, "which to many Latin Americans was simply an excuse for the United States to intervene when it wanted to."
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- The tendency to "damn fascism under Hitler in Germany," but not under Franco in Spain. This looks to many Latin American liberals like a policy of expediency.
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Prof. Augelli said anti-American resentment is seldom directed at individuals. It is more general unless the individual is a symbol of the country, such as former Vice-President Nixon.
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YET, DESPIE these sources of friction. Prof. Augelli said he believes "anti-American feeling is somewhat less now than it was in the past."
Discussing how relations with Latin American countries could be further improved, Prof. Augelli pointed out that the answer depends on "whom we're trying to win over."
"If we're genuinely interested in developing democratic processes in Latin America, our policy should not be determined by backing those whose only qualification is opposition to communism," he said. "We should back people who are opposed to certain undesirable elements in their country."
PROF. AUGELLI said one thing the United States could do is not to recognize military takeovers such as occurred in Peru and Argentina, even when it hurts. He said we should back people who are for democracy, even if they are not the same people that are in Washington representing the country.
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The United States also could stabilize the price of the chief exports of some Latin American countries, Prof. Augelli said, possibly by means of a quota system such as we had for sugar.
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Prof. Augelli also said the United States could set up a fund to bring Latin American students to study in the United States, regardless of their political beliefs of the moment.
"IT IS PRECISELY those people who are not politically safe who we want to convince," he said. "They are the ones who will cause trouble unless we can sell them democracy."
Prof. Augelli said these politically unreliable students are often the ones who do not have the money to come to the United States and study.
The Soviet Union does not hesitate to subsidize these people to study in the Soviet Union so that they can be indoctrinated. Prof. Augelli pointed out. The problem is that the Latin American students now coming to study in the United States are usually from families with money who already hold our viewpoint.
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