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University Daily Kansan Thursday, Oct. 11, 1962
Few of'Iron Curtain' Clergy Are Expected in the Vatican
VATICAN CITY — (UPI) — The "Church of Silence," they call it.
Only a handful of its bishops — the pastors struggling to keep Catholicism alive behind the iron curtain — have been allowed to cross the boundary into the free world to make their voices heard in the second Vatican council.
Their words will have to be soft and measured — regardless of their feelings — if they are to be allowed to go back to their flocks.
To many more, who have not been granted exit visas, the council will be an event of a distant world. They will read about it in the Communist-censored press and in rare, cautious direct reports from the Vatican.
"Impeded," "in prison for the faith," "fate unknown" read the listing in the Vatican annuary.
STILL OTHERS may not even know that a council has been called. They are in Communist prisons or concentration camps — or perhaps they are dead. The Vatican does not know.
For other once famous and thriving bishoprics, no name is listed, only a cross and five dots. The cross means "bishop." The dots mean that the bishop has not been replaced.
The number of participants in the council almost exactly reflects the position of the Catholic church in each Communist country. There are none from Russia and Red China, where the hierarchy has been virtually wiped out; probably none from Albania and Romania; possibly one from Bulgaria; perhaps two from Czechoslovakia; three from Hungary; three from East Germany.
EEST OFF ARE the bishops of the two most independent Communist countries, Yugoslavia and Poland. Most of the 28 Yugoslav prelates eligible to attend the council already have arrived or are expected. They had no trouble getting permission from the government.
Poland is represented by 13 of the 64 eligible prelates, including Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski, the highest and most remarkable active church leader behind the iron curtain.
The only other iron curtain cardinal, Hungarian Primate Josef Cardinal Mindszenty, has been in the U.S. legation in Budapest since Russian tanks crushed the 1958 Hungarian revolt. The government has said that he would be arrested if he left the building.
There are 16 Hungarian prelates eligible to attend the council but all except three were prevented from leaving.
In Czechoslovakia, all but three of the 14 eligible prelates are in jail or otherwise prevented from carrying out their duties.
THE MOST PROMINENT church leader imprisoned in Czechoslovakia is Prague Archbishop Josef Beran, who was arrested by Communist authorities in 1951 and has since disappeared from view. There have
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been insistent reports Beran is one of three unnamed cardinals "in pectorite" (in the breast) whom Pope John XXIII appointed in 1960.
In Romania, four prelates are eligible to attend, but two of them are impeded. The Vatican has asked Msgr. Aaron Marton, archbishop of Alba Julia, to reapply for an exit visa, but so far the government is not known to have given him one.
In the Soviet Union, all of the Catholic prelates in Lithuania, Latvia, Russia and Siberia are either in exile or impeded, with the one possible exception of Vincentas Sladkevicius, 42-year-old titular bishop of Abora.
In Red China, there are 21 bishops and two archbishops eligible to attend the council. But 14 are in prison and two "under permanent observation." None of those still technically free is coming to Rome.
In Albania, only one bishop is eligible, and he is not expected to come.
Among the prisoners is Msgr James Edward Walsh, of Cumberland, Md., former bishop of Maishang and the only foreign missionary still left in China out of 3,000 who were in the country in 1946. Msgr Walsh, 71, is serving a 20-year sentence in Shanghai.
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