VOL.101,NO.75
THE UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
THE STUDENT NEWSPAPER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
ADVERTISING:864-4358
(USPS 650-640)
THURSDAY, JANUARY 16, 1992
NEWS:864-4810
THE PERSIAN GULF WAR: ONE YEAR LATER
Chronology of Persian Gulf war
Few people still concentrate on the issues the war drove home
Warning signs
$J_{lw} / 2$
U.S. spots 30,000 Iraqi troops near Kuwait border;
builds to 100,000 in next few days
July 16 Iraq accuses Kuwait, United Arab Emirates of "direct aggression" by exceeding OPEC oil production quotas, driving oil prices down
Crisis begins
Aug Iraq inv, des Kuwait; ruling family flees to Saudi Arabia
Aug 6 Bush sends air, ground troops, seeks world consensus. U.N. votes trade embargo against Iraq, occupied Kuwait
Aug 8 Iraq annexes Kuwait
Desert Shield
No. 29 U.N. authorizes use of force against Iraq if it does not withdraw from Kuwait by Jan. 15
Jan. Congress authorizes Bush 12 to use force against Iraq
Desert Storm
Jan 10 U.S.-led coalition attacks
in Iraq after U.N. deadline for
withdrawal from Kuwait passes
Jan.
17 Iraq begins firing Scud missiles at Israel, Saudi Arabia
Jan 29-31 Allied forces rout Iraqi troops from Kafjah on Saudi border in first ground engagement
Feb. 15 Iraq says it will pull out of Kuwait, imposes strict conditions; Bush calls offer "cruel hoax"
Mar-
19 450,000 to 600,000 Shite
Muslims reported to have
taken refuge along Tigris. Euphrates
rivers after Iraqi crusades rebellion
Feb Iraq announces 28 cease fire
Aftermath
Apr. 6 Iraq accepts U.N. terms for permanent cease-fire
[ Mar 15 ] U.S. reveals it dropped 88,500 tons of bcmbs on Iraq; Kuwait; Washington Post reports 70% missed their targets
Apr 3-10 Following rebellion, at least a million Kurds flee to Iran Turkey to escape Iraq army
Apr 16 Bush announces plan to build refugee camps for Kurds in north
May 6-7 1,440 U.N. forces take control of demilitarized zone along Iraq Kuwait border
U. S. troops withdraw from Iraq, ending U.S. occupation
U. N. takes over Kurdish refugee camps
July Last allied
12-15 troops leave Iraq
Casualties
U.S. (Aug. 1990 - July 15, 1991):
Deaths: 268 Wounded: 458
Combat deaths (Jan. - Feb. 1991): 76
Jerusalem
Deaths (related to Sud attacks): 15
Injuries: 239
■ Estimated Iraqi casualties:
More than 100,000
Israel
SOURCE Facts on File, news reports; Research by PAT CARR
Aimee Brainard, Daily Kansan and Knight-Ridder Tribune
U.S. would still support war, poll finds
The Associated Press
minus 3 percentage points.
NEW YORK — two-thirds of Americans surveyed in an Associated Press poll said the United States should strike Iraq militarily once again if it continues to secretly deploy nuclear weapons.
One year after Iraqi President Saddam Hussein refused to give in to international pressure to withdraw forces from Kuwait, he remains a formidable villain in the eyes of most Americans, the poll found. The uncovering of his nuclear program after the war has left Americans suspicious and unsympathetic.
The telephone poll of 1.004 adults was taken Jan. 2-5 by ICR Survey Research Group of Media, Pa. The margin of sampling error was plus or
A 61-percent majority said the United Nations should continue to punish Iraq by cutting off trade until Iraq proved it had halted nuclear weapons development. Only 28 percent agreed with an alternative opinion that the trade embargo must stop because it punishes innocent Iraqi civilians.
The poll found 65-percent approval for President Bush's decision to go to war a year ago. This approval rate was down from 74 percent a week after the war began, and 73 percent six months after the bombing began.
However, the disapproval rate, 25 percent, has not risen significantly. Approval dropped because more people said they did not know their position or refused to answer the question.
About two-thirds, or 67 percent, of those surveyed said the United States should have continued fighting to force Saddam from power. Just as in an AP poll six months ago, less than a fourth of Americans agreed with Bush's decision to stop short of overthrowing the Iraqi president.
If high approval continues this election year, Bush could benefit politically, especially among men, who are about a third more likely than women to back the decision to go to war. But the poll also shows weak spots in the public's approval.
Most Republicans polled wanted Saddam ousted, but 71 percent of Republicans still rated the U.S. military effort as successful. A slim majority of both Democrats and independents said the war was only somewhat successful or not at all successful.
Overall among Americans, 16 percent said the U.S. military effort was completely successful, 36 percent said it was mostly successful, 36 percent said it was only somewhat successful, and 9 percent said it was not at all successful.
After Bush ended combat Feb. 27, Americans were treated to a succession of memorable scenes of U.S. victory. They included the Iraqi acceptance of U.N. cease-fire conditions, Gen.H. Norman Schwarzkopf's triumphant briefing, the return of Kuwait to its people and homecoming parades for U.S.troops.
Yet those images were interspersed with disturbing pictures of starving Kurds, Kuwait brutality toward Iraqi sympathizers and Saddam's persistent militarism. U.N. nuclear inspectors were met last summer with resistance and even
gunfire in Iraq before that nation agreed to have its equipment monitored.
Iraq has continuously rejected a U.N. plan to sell oil worth $1.6 billion to buy food and medicines. Iraq contends the plan violates its sovereignty and independence, but the Bush administration insists Iraq must accept it unconditionally.
If the U.S. government finds that Iraq is continuing to secretly develop nuclear weapons, 66 percent said the United States should take military action. Just 21 percent disagreed and 13 percent were uncertain.
The trade embargo, even at the risk of having Iraqi civilians suffer, has majority support among both Democrats and Republicans, the poll found.
Support for military action was slightly higher among men, middle-income groups, ages 35-54, and Republicans. But the military option also had 65 percent support among both Democrats and independents.
By Michelle Betts
Kansan staff writer
One year ago today, the United States launched an air attack against Iraq that started the Persian Gulf War. During the war, some students at the University of Kansas and Lawrence residents participated in a drill, rallies, and marches to express their concern about the conflict.
But Philip Schrodt, associate professor of political science, said that today people had turned their attention to other problems.
"The concern is with the economy now." he said.
Although many people still think positively about U.S. involvement in the war, they may be dissatisfied with the results in the Middle East, Schrodt said.
"Nothing has changed," he said.
"Saddam Hussein is still in power.
Those who were our allies before are still our allies, and the ones who didn't like us before still don't like us."
Two organizations that were active in protesting against the war, the Lawrence Coalfield for Peace and Justice, and VOICE, do not intend to come to the anniversary of the war's beginning with ceremonies or vigils.
Louise Hanson, coordinator for the coalition, said that the organization was not looking back to the war but forward to issues concerning the Middle East and other parts of the world.
She said that people in the United States should try to maintain the confidence and pride they displayed during and after the war by becoming involved in new national issues.
The complex issues of today are less popular with U.S. citizens than the issue of war, Hanson said.
The coalition now focuses on problems such as arms sales and antinuclear issues. Hanson said.
"When things are not clear, it is much harder to see your political position," she said. "War is very clear."
Michael Grossman, president of VOICE, an organization that was created to protest the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, said that when the war was taking place, people focused on the wrong aspects.
"People weren't interested in the costs or damage inflicted," Grossman said. "They were concerned with neat war figures and cool technology."
Scott McWilliams, a member of VOICE, said that the organization focused on establishing a peace studies program at KU.
VOICE posted a petition during fee payment at a table in the Kansas Union lobby to spur interest in the program.
Students battle abysmal weather
Higher temperatures expected for today
By Chris Jenson
Mother Nature greeted students with an Arctic blast of cold weather for the first day of classes yesterday, as the temperature dipped into single digits for the first time this year.
Kansan staff writer
But at least one student did not really seem to mind. Lisa Wilson, Lawrence junior, rode her bicycle to campus yesterday like she does every day and said she loved doing it.
"I don't care how cold it is," said Wilson, whose gray wool scarf and black earmuff helped guard her against the weather. "I'm going to keep naring."
Temperatures are expected to rise today, with partly sunny skies and highs in the low to mid 30s and lows from 20 to 25, according to the National Weather Service in Topeka. The weekend forecast calls for more of the same.
The cold blasts of air that usually accompany a Kansas winter have been unusually mild this year. Philip Bills, a forecaster for the weather service, said he did not expect this to be a very cold winter.
Frostbite
Harsh weather conditions yesterday had temperatures ranging from minus 8 to minus 20. With the extreme cold comes an increased chance of becoming frostbite. Here's how to recognize and treat frostbite:
How to prevent frostbite:
4. Avoid alcohol if you are going to be exposed to the cold for long periods of time.
1. Be prepared. Dress adequately and in layers.
2. Avoid prolonged exposure to the cold.
3. Don't get wet.
4. Avoid alcohol if you are going to be exposed to the cold for long periods of time.
If you get frostbitten:
2. Gradually warm up the injured part of the body. The worst thing you can do is warm it too quickly.
Aimee Brainard, Daily Kansan
Extremities
- Ears, fingers and toes because a smaller quantity of blood flows to them.
Source: Watkins Memorial Health Center
Avoid vigorous rubbing. Increasing the body temperature is a slow process
1. Go to the hospital. Take it seriously.
Areas most susceptible:
He said the normal temperature for this time off year was in the middle 30s and that January was usually the coldest month of the year.
The temperature yesterday was 8 degrees with a wind chill of 20 to 30 below zero and was caused by Arctic air from Canada that arrived about midnight.
With cold weather and cold wind chills comes the possibility for health problems, specifically frostbite. Charles Yockey, chief of staff at Watkins Memorial Health Center, said frostbite should be taken seriously.
"Frostbite can be permanent and very severe," he said. "It can cause lifelong numbness and in the worst cases, gangrene."
Yockey said students needed to be aware of the wind chill factor more than the absolute temperature because the temperature reading alone could be misleading.
"Students need to be cognizant of the wind chill because that is the key to preventing frostbite," he said. "The best prevention for frostbite is to be prepared."
Yockey said students would not get frostbite walking from one classroom to another, but it could be a problem with prolonged exposure.
European nations recognize independent Slovenia, Croatia
The Associated Press
ZAGREB, Yugoslavia — Slovenia and Croatia won European recognition yesterday, dealing a death blow to the long-crumbling Yugoslavian federation seven months and thousands of deaths after the two republics declared independence.
The Serbian-dominated federal government in Belgrade protested, but people in the two new states rejoiced as much as their suffering from Yuzoslavia's civil war allowed.
The practical effect of Europe's recognition on efforts to end the war between Croatian forces and Serbian irregulars and the Serbian-dominated federal army was not clear.
"For many of my buddies, recognition came too late."
But some European officials worried that recognition of Croatia and Slovenia could provoke Serbia into fighting harder to control Serbian enclaves in Croatia and other republics. Some leading Serbians, however, said recognition could help them by leading inevitably to the creation of a smaller, Serbian-led Yugoslavia.
Admir Kazaferovic Croatian soldier
The fighting has subsided because of a truce mediated by the United Nations. The true has held for 13 days.
After a brief war in Slovenia, which
well. Thousands of windows were illuminated by candles in memory of the Croatian dead.
Politically, the recognition announced yesterday by the 12-member European Community in Brussels, Belgium, was a victory for Croatia and Slovenia, which declared independence June 25.
claimed a few dozen lives, the federal army withdrew and focused its might on Croatia, where since early July it has helped Serbian rebels capture a third of the republic's territory.
President Milan Kucan of Slovenia, who turned 51 yesterday, described recognition of his nation bordering Austria, Italy and Hungary as "the best birthday present ever."
Croatian radio declared, "This is a day that will go down in the history of the Croatian people as a major event."
But many Croatians were sad, as
As night fell in Zagreb, the Croatian capital, automatic weapons were fired into the air to celebrate and 1,000 people gathered in Jelacic Square, waving Croatian flags and singing patriotic songs. Thousands of people packed a cathedral for a Mass of thanksgiving, and Croatian TV broadcast a new song to commemorate the event: "Danke Deutschland," or "Thank You, Germany." "Germany led the vote for European recognition.
"For many of my buddies, recognition came too late," said Admir Kazaferovic, 23, a mournful Croatian soldier.
The Serbian-dominated federal government, stripped of most power by the republics, protested that recognition went counter to the "sovereign rights of Yugoslavia."
Serbian Foreign Minister Vladislav
Jovanovic assailed Germany.
"It is deplorable that a country that was divided for 50 years... should try to destroy our country's unity by promoting inequality and unilateral secession," he said in an interview yesterday in the French daily Le Monde.
Serbia, long the dominant Yugoslavian republic, has been hit hard by European sanctions. The EC considers Serbia the aggressor in the war.
The economic hardship and disenchantment have undermined support for Serbian President Slobodan Mileo on his reelection bid by toning down his hawkish stance.
Bosnia and Macedonia, two other Yugoslavian republics, have also asked the EC to recognize them as independent states. But ethnic tensions in Bosnia and objections by community member Greece to recognizing Macedonia — because of historical disputes — were expected to dissuade many members from giving recognition.