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Friday, February 11, 1994
NATION/WORLD UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
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Cease-fire violated in Sarajevo
NATO to strike if siege continues
The Associated Press
SARAJEVO, Bosnia-Herzegovina — After 22 months of death and shelling, Sarajevans watched a new cease-fire take hold yesterday. But as midnight approached, the familiar sounds of mortars and gunfire rang out.
Several mortars landed around the Jewish cemetery, a front-line position in central Sarajevo, followed by bursts of heavy machine-gun fire and anti-aircraft guns that lasted four or five minutes.
Unconfirmed fatalities were reported, but no further details on what appeared to be the most serious violation of the latest truce in the 22-
month siege. Earlier in the day, one government soldier was wounded by machine-gun fire in another apparent violation of the cease-fire.
It was not immediately clear whether the violations would prompt NATO to begin air strikes, as threatened Wednesday in an ultimatum by the alliance.
NATO gave Bosnian Serbs 10 days to withdraw their guns and lift the siege of Sarajevo or face air strikes. The declaration also gives U.N. chief Boutros Boutros-Ghali authority to order immediate bombing runs against any artillery or mortar positions that continue to attack civilians in the capital.
There was no immediate comment from Boutrous-Ghali or U.N. officials in Bosnia on a U.N. response. NATO would need a one-time authorization from Boutrous-Ghali or his special
envoy to former Yugoslavia to begin attacks.
A senior U.S. diplomat in Washington said earlier that no further authorization for air strikes was needed from the council.
In Geneva, where leaders of Bosnia's factions gathered for new peace talks, Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadiz refused to negotiate and denounced NATO. He demanded a public investigation of a mortar shelling on Feb. 5 that killed 68 people in central Sarajevo and prompted the threat of NATO intervention.
Though suspicion has fallen on the Serbs, Karadzic claims it was a setup by Bosnia's Muslim-led government to kill its own people, blame the Serbs and win international sympathy.
The United Nations later agreed to form an international panel to investigate the attack, and allow Serbs to participate, U.N. officials said. The peace talks were to resume today.
But the Serb general cooperated with U.N. soldiers to put a cease-fire into effect at noon.
Karadzic's generals warned they would hold foreign aid workers hostage if NATO followed through on its demand for the Serbs to withdraw heavy weapons from around Sarajevo by Feb. 20 or face air strikes.
French peacekeepers and armored vehicles occupied several key positions in the Bosnian capital to monitor the truce. U.N. officials said the soldiers had orders to shoot back if fired upon.
They also apparently will act as a tripwire for other NATO threats to call in air power to protect U.N. troops or to immediately retaliate for any renewed shelling of the city.
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Death penalty poised for final vote in House
The Associated Press
TOPEKA — A death penalty bill won tentative approval yesterday in the House.
Representatives voted 70-55 to advance the measure to final action after about 3 1/2 hours of debate. A final vote is expected today, and supporters believe that the measure will pass and go to the Senate.
Opponents argued that the death penalty wouldn't fix the justice system and that it was wrong to kill someone whatever the reason.
Supporters of capital punishment made two significant arguments for their cause. First, they said a large majority of people supported it. Secondly, they said the state should protect its population by executing certain criminals.
As put before the House, the bill would make death by lethal injection a possible penalty for a relatively short list of murders. It would require two trials, the first
to determine guilt or innocence,
and the second to determine
whether the death penalty should
be imposed if a person is convicted.
Capital crimes would be:
Promedicated murder
An unintentional killing in the course of a kidnapping.
- Murdering a judge, prosecutor, jailer, prison guard, parole officer, probation officer, court services or law enforcement officer.
An unplanned killing in the course of a sexually violent crime.
Premeditated murder.
The killing of a prison or jail inmate by another inmate.
Senators are waiting for the House to act, making it likely that they will not take up the issue if representatives reject the bill.
Kansas has not had a death penalty law since the U.S. Supreme Court struck down all supreme 'laws as unconstitutional in 1972. The last executions in Kansas were in 1969.
Russian reformer to organize new party
The Associated Press
MOSCOW — Yegor Gaidar, the champion of Russia's market reforms, announced plans yesterday to create a new political party that he said would help solidify the ranks of reformers.
Gaidar's action, however, reflected a split within Russia's Choice, a proreform alliance he leads in Russia's new parliament.
Some of its members are turning away from Gaidar, blaming him for their defeat in the Dec. 12 parliamentary elections. Smaller pro-reform parties are going their own way and have rejected Gaidar's calls to unite.
Gaidar announced his plan to about two dozen politicians and cultural leaders. He said reformers needed a well-oiled campaign machine to succeed in the 1996 presidential race and other elections.
"I am convinced that we need stronger forms of integration. We need a normal mechanism for advertising our views," Galdar said.
er, yet tightly organized reformist party.
"A strong, democratic and well-organized party is a condition for the development of democracy and the continuation of reforms," he said.
Gaidar's idea was immediately supported by President Boris Yeltsin's representative Vyacheslav Kostikov, who also attended the gathering.
Kostikov, whose remarks were carried by the Interfax news agency, said Yeltsin would have a "natural ... internal ideological link" with the new reformist party.
It was the first in a series of meetings planned by Gaidar to create a broad-
But he declined to say whether Yeltsin would join or endorse this party, noting that many political groups are now competing for the "presidential flag."
Progress slow in Palestinian move toward autonomy
Yeltisn said after the elections that he would create his own party. Now, the president is apparently having second thoughts, and some aides doubt that he would agree to head any party — which does not preclude Yeltisn from choosing a party to serve as an informal support base.
Palestinians won the right to raise the Palestinian flag and post armed police at crossings from Jordan and Egypt into the autonomous enclaves
— the Gaza Strip and the West Bank region of Jericho. Humiliating questioning and searches of Palestinians would cease. Palestinians achieved a foothold in the Dead Sea and limited control of two religious sites in the West Bank.
Israel would maintain all Jewish settlements in Gaza, control roads leading to them and keep army bases near the settlements. Israel also would maintain ultimate authority over border crossings and the right to prevent anyone from entering from Jordan or Egypt.
PLO leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres initialed an agreement yesterday in Cairo, Egypt, resolving key issues that had blocked the start of Palestinian autonomy for two months.
JERUSALEM — Despite a breakthrough in PLO-Israel talks, Israel's prime minister said yesterday that it would take at least a month to finalize an agreement and that there would be no prisoner releases or Israeli troop withdrawals until then.
"We can say that Palestine — and the name of Palestine — has returned to the map of the Middle East," Arafat said.
Palestinians in the occupied lands, however, complained that little had changed since the Israel-PLO accord was signed Sept. 13 and that blood-shed and army control continued.
Palestinian support for the Israel-PLO accord has dwindled as Israeli forces continue tax raids, house demolitions, land confiscations and arrests.
Palestinians say there are as many as 14,000 Palestinians in Israel jails, although Israel contends that the number is half that.
Most damaging to the peace process has been the ongoing bloodshed. According to an Associated Press count, 62 Palestinians and 20 Israelis have been killed in violent confrontations since Sept. 13.
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