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University Daily Kansan
Monday, Oct. 28, 1963
4 6
Catholic Liberals Want Less Talk, More Action
VATICAN CITY — (UPI) — The Ecumenical Council is suffering from a bad case of too much talk and not enough action.
Many council fathers are growing restless. They are hoping for some kind of dramatic break during the coming weeks—perhaps a personal intervention by Pope Paul VI—to get things moving and insure that this council session will have some concrete accomplishments to its credit.
More than 2,000 Roman Catholic bishops from all parts of the world met here Sept. 29 for the second session of the first Ecumenical Council in nearly a century. There were high expectations that this time the proceedings would move swiftly and efficiently, instead of bogging down in interminable talk as they tended to do at the first session in the fall of 1962.
THESE EXPECTATIONS have gradually given way to disappointment. As of today, the council fathers have spent four weeks debating a single "schema," or theological document, on the nature of the church. They still have at least one, perhaps two, chapters of the document to discuss, and there is no word as to when, how or whether they will have a chance to vote on the key proposals embodied in the document.
It is true that the fathers have done a great deal of voting. Scarcely a day goes by without balloting on a batch of propositions. But this voting has been solely concerned with details of the liturgical reform project which the fathers debated at length and approved in principle at the first session last year.
The schema on the church—entitled in Latin "De Ecclesia"—is the priority business of this session, as Pope Paul pointed out in his opening address to the fathers. And many fathers feel frustrated in not having had a chance to vote on any of its detailed contents so far.
THE DOCUMENT contains at least three highly significant sections, which are endorsed by librals and opposed by conservatives.
The most important in its impact on the church, establishes a principle which council theologians love to call "the collegiality of bishops". This bit of ecclesiastical jargon simply means that all the bishops of the church are successors to the original 12 apostles, and therefore have
God-given right and duty to function as a body (or "college") which shares with the Pope the responsibility for the teaching and government of the entire church.
Conservatives fear council approval of this principle may undermine the Pope's primacy and open the door to heaven-knows-whatkind of future theological developments. Liberals see it as the necessary theological basis for breaking the Roman Curia's iron grip on the effective reins of power in the Catholic Church, and clearing the way to a much-needed decentralization of authority.
JUDGING from his public comments on the matter, both at the council's first session when he was Cardinal Montini and at the opening of the second session, Pope Paul is unequivocally on the Liberals' side. He has, in effect, invited the bishops to assert their right to be his partners in the heavy task of administering a global church.
The other significant sections of "De Ecclesia" would:
- Restore the ancient new testament clerical order of deacons, as a rank of ordained clergy below priests, and would permit them to be married men instead of celibates.
- Affirm the idea, long cherished by Protestants but a distinctly new note in modern Catholic theology, that laymen also have a "priesthood" or ministry, and share by right rather than sufferance in the mission of the church.
During four weeks of debate, council fathers have proposed hundreds of amendments, revisions and deletions to the text of "De Ecclesia." Some would water it down, others make it still more liberal in tone.
ALL THESE PROPOSALS now reside in the council's theological commission, which must decide which of them will be brought up for a vote, and how, and when.
It is a massive understatement to say that many council liberals view the theological commission with a measure of suspicion. Its chairman is none other than Alfredo Cardinal Ottaviani, head of the Curia's holy office, and leader of the conservative bloc.
One of the suspicions entertained about Ottaviani's commission, and widely voiced in council corridors,
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is that its conservative members, knowing they are sure to be overwhelmingly outvoted on any issue that comes to the floor, are quite content just to sit on the proposed revisions of "De Ecclesia," thus making it impossible under the rules to bring the document itself to a council vote.
Day or Night
**THIS MAY be unfair.** Some liberals close to the commission insist that it is doing its best with the revisions, but is swamped with work.
Be that as it may, the fact is that no one has given the fathers the least indication when, if ever at this session, they may get a chance to vote yea or nav on the major issues involved in "De Ecclesia," such as
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An effort was made to bring about such a vote, but it has suffered a mysterious fate.
On Oct. 15, one of the council's moderators, the liberal Belgian Cardinal Leo Joseph Suenens, announced that votes would be taken on Oct. 18 on key issues related to "De Ecclesia."
BUT NO such votes have taken place, and the fathers have never
been given an official reason why not.
The unofficial explanation passed through the council grapevine is that Ottaviani's conservatives blocked the vote by asserting that it was not provided for in the council's regular rules of procedure.
This dispute has been threshed out during the past week at a series of top-level secret meetings attended by liberal and conservative cardinals. Pope Paul sat in on at least one of these meetings.
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