University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas
KANSAN
Wednesday, April 27, 1983 Vol. 93, No. 143 USPS 650-640
Panel OKs half of Salvador aid
By United Press International
WASHINGTON — A House panel voted to give President Reagan only half of the $80 million in military aid he wants to shift to El Salvador, and the Senate held a secret debate on covert aid to Nicaragua yesterday on the eve of Reagan's speech to the nation about Central America.
Reagan, bowing to congressional pressure, will announce tonight in a nationally broadcast speech to a joint session of Congress tonight that he is naming a special envoy to negotiate among all factions for open elections aimed at resolving political turmoil in El Salvador, administration
Former Sen Richard Stone, D-Fla., is considered a leading candidate for the job.
THE MOVE IS part of a broad administration effort to combat growing concern over its policy in Central America.
AT THE REQUEST of Sen. Christopher Dodd, D-Conn., the Senate met for about 90 minutes in secret session to discuss charges that the administration had violated the Boland amendment.
ment.
Controversy over CIA help for guerrilla efforts to topple the leftist Sandinista government in Managua has reinforced congressional opposition to the administration's request for additional military aid for El Salvador.
AS THE SENATE met, the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations voted 7-5 to transfer to El Salvador $30 million in 1983 military aid already approved for other countries. Reagan sought $60 million.
Chairman Clarence Long, D-Md., said he agreed to $30 million in return for a written promise that Reagan would appoint the special envoy.
And. Col. Francisco Adolio Castillo, El Salvador's former deputy minister of defense
who was held hostage more than 10 months by leftist guerrillas, said yesterday the army was suffering "the symptoms of defeat" in the war against insurgents.
CASTILLO — captured last June 17 in Morazan province by rebels who claim they shot down his helicopter — said army officers should reconsider the rebels' strength.
turner congressman, he told
But Shultz said in his letter that the
administration would submit a request for the
remaining $30 million.
reconsider the rebels' surrender.
A Senate appropriations subcommittee voted last month to authorize the full $60 million. With the two subcommittees in disagreement, the lower figure of $30 million will prevail without further congressional action.
REAGAN ASKED March 31 for $110 million in military aid for El Salvador this year in addition to the $25.5 million already authorized. In addition to the transfer of $60 million, he sought $50 million in newly appropriated funds.
Haitian beats odds, becomes teacher
By JENNY KELLER
Staff Reporter
Jowel Laguerre rose to face another hard Monday in Portau-Prince, Haiti.
Muncha:
But Jan 11, 1982, was destined to hold a new future for him: he received notice that his application for a teaching position had been accepted, with the opportunity to study French in the master's program at the University of Kansas.
a week later, he was to find himself waiting at Kansas City International Airport, scant belongings in hand, with only a weightless cotton suit to protect him from the record low January
Within one frantic week, Laguerre prepared himself to change universes. He resigned from three lucrative positions, one of which was teaching Haitian Creole to the staff at the American Embassy. He sold his pride, joy and most visible symbol of prestige, a yellow Honda.
HE GOT LETTERS of recommendation from former employers to present to future employers and gathered school records to prove his completion of studies at the country's most prestigious university, 'Ecole Normale Supérieure d'Haiti.
No small feat in a country that is all but paralyzed by its own bureaucratic red tape.
Passport, visa and plane ticket in hand, he waved a long, sorrowful goodbye to friend, family and country alike. It would be a long time, if ever, before he returned.
Twelve hours later, Laguere was standing in front of 30 bleary-eyed American freshmen,
teaching his first French 110 class of the spring semester. He had done it.
sister him. He had a LAGUERRE WAS born on Feb. 27, 1956, the third child of a Haitian farmer, into a family that soon grew to 13. Reared in a two-room, thatchrooted hut with an outdoor kitchen, began for Jowel the same way it did for all the other peasant boys in the small rural community of St. Georges — with all odds against him.
When he began school, he faced an obstacle all Hawaiian children encounter their first day of school: the lessons were in French. Laguerre's native language is Haitian Creole.
native language, I some tutoring before I started school. "Laguerre said, 'so I knew some words and sentences in French. But I could not understand the language until four or five years later. I was in my third year of high school before I could really speak it."
Laguerre's is a success story because he forced his education to work for him, even when it meant studying under street lamps at night because his home had no electricity. His desire to teach — "the only thing I ever wanted to do"
BUT LAGUERRE comes from a country with the unfunte distinction of having the highest illiteracy rate in the Western Hemisphere, roughly 77 percent.
Possible explanations for that illiteracy are crowded classrooms, lack of desks, books and money for notepads and pencils, apathetic, underpaid teachers and empty-bellied school
However, even these serious drawbacks do not fully explain why Haiti continues to lose its battle against illiteracy.
A substantial part of the problem is that Haiti is a country that speaks two languages: French, the official administrative tongue, understood by about 10 percent of the people; and Haitian Creole, the popular language, described by some as the most linguistically provincial French and West African dialects.
ONE OF THE controversies permeating the educational system in Haiti revolves around which language should be used in the classroom. The teaching of French, thus far for the runaway hitters in the past, is main cause the number of experts cite for Haiti's overwhelming illiteracy statistics.
As the official language of the country, French enjoys much higher prestige and has thus been used exclusively for all administrative functions.
So Haiti emerges as a country made of two separate, but loosely interlocking worlds.
This manifests itself in that 10 percent to 15 percent of Haitians are light-skinned mulattoes, French-speaking, literate, prosperous townpeople, who are usually Christian or agnostic.
The second group is composed of black, Creole-speaking, rural peasants who practice voodoo and are often polygamous. It is this group that sustains the dominant's insistence on French in the classroom.
BECAUSE MANY HAITIAN WORDS are derived from French, it is widely believed both inside and out of Haiti that Haitian is simply a reduced, corrupted version of French.
Although Haitian does share vocabulary and some grammatical features and sound systems with French, it has a highly codified grammar
See HAITI page 5
Kansas cities look to pipeline to replenish supply of water
By DIANE LUBER Staff Reporter
Cities in south-central Kansas, sitting on top of what was once the most stable supply of water in the state, are now looking as far away as northeastern Kansas to quench their thirst.
And they're thinking about using 130 miles of pipeline stretched across central Kansas to do it.
many in the city are thinking about using 150 thunder pipeline stretched across central Kansas to do it. Wichita, Salina, Newton, McPherson and Hutchinson have joined with 11 smaller cities nearby to consider the economic feasibility of building such a pipeline to bring water from the Milford Reservoir on the Kansas River between Manhattan and Abilene.
MILFORD IS ONE of nine federal reservoirs in Kansas that contains water the state owns and sells on contract. Buyers of the water include cities and industries.
cities and oblasties.
"Today the only water available to south-central Kansas is Milford Reservoir." Don Gerard, chairman of the steering committee for the cities contemplating the pipeline, said Monday.
Ten of those cities have already applied individually to the state to purchase a total of 115.6 million gallons a day, or mgd, from Milford. But only 108 mgd are available from the reservoir.
down.
Lawrence, Topeka, Manhattan and other water users along the Kaw formed the Kansas River Alliance last year to protect their水 rights and to develop and manage water resources in the Kansas River Basin.
reservoir:
"That's what spooked the people on the Kaw," Gerard said. "That's the fear we have to play down."
natural resources "Western Kansas has agricultural and mineral wealth," he said, "Eastern Kansas has water."
ALLEN LOYD, management analyst for Lawrence, said each area of the state had its own natural resources.
Eastern Kansas gets more rain than western Kansas, so it has more surface water sources, such as streams and reservoirs, than does the west. But geologic deposits, such as the beds in south-central Kansas, need more water to be found than do the limestone formations in eastern Kansas.
But eastern Kansas has not organized itself around its resource, he said.
Loyd said the temptation to move resources around was powerful.
round was powerful.
"BUT RESERVOIRS are expensive to build."
he said. "People who now want to tap into them see them as a public resource.
"Self-interest is becoming very visible when it comes to water."
John Wyncoop, director of Wichita's Water and Water Pollution Control, said, "We've asked for a large amount from Milford and a large amount from Omaha, but requesting it doesn't cost us anything."
The Kanopolis Reservoir is about 40 miles southwest of Salina.
"We'd like to have a whole lot of water, but it may not be economically feasible," he said.
GERARD SAID that the group of south-central Kansas cities would apply for only 60 to 80 mad to pump through the pipeline.
"We would love to have 80," he said, "but we would build on 60."
"We all have water wells out here," he said,
"but we need to rest our well fields."
Gerard, who is also the general manager of the McPearson Board of Public Utilities, explained that his city, like others, would not rely solely on the water coming through the pipeline for its energy.
WICHITA NOW USES about 45 mgd and gets it all from the Cheney Reservoir west of Wichita, and the Enuus beds.
McPherson uses about one billion gallons of water a year. Gerard wants to take 2 mgd from the pipeline and the rest from the McPherson well fields.
But Wichita and other central Kansas cities have been prohibited from taking any more water from the Equus beds than they now have rights to.
"Those sources more than adequately serve our needs." Woncoon said.
Wyncoop said Wichita would draw 35 to 40 mgd from the pipeline to supplement its current sources. He said that combination of water sources would satisfy Wichita's needs through
but martha Mangledsdorf, assistant to the Kansas Water Authority chairman, said that another potential source of water for Wichita could be the Chishikan River on the Chishikan River to the south.
BUT IF CORBIN was built, she said, building the pineline might become impossible.
The reservoir, which she estimated would cost $250 million, would be large enough to serve only Wichita and perhaps one other south-central Kansas city. And the smaller cities are depending on Wichita's participation to make the pipeline economically feasible.
Tonight will be clear with a low around 50. Tomorrow will be mostly sunny with a high from 75 to 80.
Today will be partly cloudy with a high in the mid-70s, according to the National Weather Service in Topka. Winds will be from the southeast from 5 to 15 mph.
See WATER page 5
J. Eldon Fields
Sandi Moles/Special to the Kansas
Retiring prof says the years have changed student goals
By JOEL THORNTON
The University of Kansas had 3,000 students, one residence hall and a handful of buildings on Jayhawk Boulevard when J. Eldon Fields arrived as a student in 1931.
Fifty years later, more than 20,000 students attend classes on a campus that has now spread down the sliding sides of Mount Ouread. And Fields, professor of political science who is retiring after 37 years of teaching at KU, says student's goals in education have also changed.
Staff Reporter
Fields, who won the HOPE Award for teaching in 1968, has taught political theory, ideology and philosophy, as well as the honors section of the introductory American political science course. He was also director of the Western Civilization program for two years.
program for two years.
He said he had especially noticed the changes in the KU political science department since his undergraduate days.
(her grandmother buys)
The most obvious thing is the tremendous
"MY OBSERVATION is that the current college generation is pretty job-oriented." Fields said. "But I'm more concerned that the person gets a broad education. In general, my concern is with the continuing vitality of a broad, liberal arts education."
expansion in the size of the staff and the number of courses and specialties," he said.
Fields, a McPherson native, earned a bachelor's degree from KU and a doctorate in political science at Stanford University. He taught briefly at Stanford and the University of Chicago and served for two years in World War II before returning to KU in 1946.
KU'S POLITICAL science department had only four professors when he was a student, compared to today's 30.
computer to show "Partly, you're talking about going from a university of 3,500 to 20,000," he said. "That's reflected in any department you look at."
The political science department used to be housed in Strong Hall, he said, where six professors once shared a small office. The department offices were later moved to old army barracks, where Spencer Research Library now stands, he said.
"They were delightful in a way," he recalled. "There were so many cracks in the floor that you could be warm from the chest up and cold from the chest down."
But the biggest change he has seen in education, he said, is a trend toward areas with more job opportunities.
The teaching of political science has become more specialized, he said. Professors now concentrate on one area of political science, such as the politics of Latin America or the Soviet Union.
hurried.
"The job market is very tight, which means some very competent people will be without jobs." he said.
However, Fields said, he thought too much specialization in education deprived students of a well-rounded education.
See FIELDS page 5
FOR EXAMPLE, he said, few students are doing graduate work in political theory and philosophy and lean toward public administration instead.
KU student urges child abusers to seek help
Illustration by Tod Megredy and Buddy Mangline
Staff Reporter
By MICHAEL BECK
Sue graduates in two weeks. She is 27 years old, from a middle-class family and has undergone treatment for child abuse for five years.
"Yes, I'm a typical WASP," she said last week. "But many people don't realize that abusive parents come from all areas of society."
perhaps the social diversity is one of the reasons authorities can only suggest causes that may or may not lead to child abuse.
SUE SAID THAT because April is National Child Abuse Month, she encouraged people who might be abusing their children to seek help from Parent Anonymous or from some other source.
sure, a Kansas City, Kan., senior, says she has found an Aristotelian approach to the problem. This approach looks beyond society for causes and solutions.
People must first understand themselves, she said, to understand what makes them to abuse their children.
Many of Sue's ideas come from Parents Anonymous, a national organization with a chapter in Lawrence. The group helps parents deal with their propensity to abuse their children.
In Sue's case, one of the problems was that she underestimated the responsibilities of being a wife and a mother.
"THEE I WAS," she said, "five months pregnant with a husband and a house to take care of. I didn't know what to do. No one ever taught me what to do."
when I had the baby, and it would cry, I just
See AUSE nave 5