of all wel- with.
By HELEN LOU FRY
From Mission Bells To Library Relic Old Cannon Lived An Eventful Life
Changing from a shiny weapon to a broken, old relic has been the fate of Old Sacramento, a cannon famous in the days when slavery caused several states to rebel.
The four and one-half foot canon now lies in the Lawrence room on the fourth floor of Watson library. Many pictures and other relics tell the story of this town's early settlement.
Cast from the bell of a Mexican church, Old Sacramento got its name from its use during the U.S.-Mexican war. The cannon was being used by Mexico to defeat Fort Sacramento in February, 1847. The U.S. captured the fort and 10 pieces of artillery including Old Sacramento.
The cannon was hauled to Liberty, Mo., where it was stored in an armory. When border warfare between Kansas and Missouri broke out, Old Sacramento was used by the pro-slavery faction.
A sheriff Jones was in command of the pro-slavery troops when they tried to destroy, with cannons, the Free State (Eldridge) hotel in Lawrence. The business had been catering to easterners who came to Kansas to vote against slavery. A Missouri grand jury had condemned the hotel as a nuisance.
Sheriff Jones, after being hospitably received at dinner in the hotel, gave Lawrence residents a warning to vacate the hotel and turn in their weapons. The Lawrence safety committee decided to give no opposition.
mind decided to give no opposition. Old Sacramento was used to blast the hotel but Sheriff Jones had imbibed a little too freely at the dinner and his commands were not able to destroy the building with cannonballs. The hotel was burned instead.
Meanwhile, the office of the newspaper, Hearld of Freedom, was burned and the type from which the paper was printed thrown in the Kaw river. It was later recovered.
Three weeks after the Jones affair, a well-known citizen of Lawrence, Major Hoyt, was killed in a Missouri camp. This angered many Lawrence residents who decided to attack the camp with cannon fire.
A group lead by Captain Bickerton captured Old Sacramento and brought it to Lawrence. Their only trouble then was—no amunition.
One of the men remembered the type recovered from the river and persuaded the newspaper to give it up. Sand molds and melted type
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The cannon was first used against the Missourians at Fort Titus with the cry of "The Heard of Freedom is issued again!"
were combined and six 100-pound balls made.
From then on, Old Sacramento continued in the battle against slavery until near the end of the war when Captain Bickerton, fearing the cannon might fall to the enemy, buried it on a farm west of Lawrence.
On July 14, 1896, the cannon was used for the last time. There had been a drowning in the Kaw and it was believed that a discharge of artillery would raise the body.
Old Sacramento was rolled into place near the Bowersock mill. After each ineffective shot, a heavier charge was used. Finally, three pounds of powder was put in the barrel and wet sacks, clay, and grass hammered in.
Old Sacramento wasn't used again until Abraham Lincoln was elected president. When the election news came, Captain Bickerton exhumed the cannon and used it to fire a 13-gun salute in Lincoln's honor.
Old Sacramento was later given to the University and has been in the Lawrence room since 1933.
The resulting blast tore away half of the barrel of Old Sacramento, throwing pieces of cannon across the river. One large piece was blown through the wall of the mill.
Persons wanting to see this historical room may contact Miss Maud Smelser, accession librarian, in the Kansas room of the library. Miss Smelser is in charge of the Kansas collection and she said she is happy to show anyone the pictures and relics.
Faculty Members To Attend Music, Art Conference
Twenty-one University faculty members will take part in the art and music conference Friday and Saturday in Salina.
University Daily Kansan
The conference, "Planning for Professional Progress in Music and Art in Kansas Schools," is sponsored by the Schools of Fine Arts and Education and the department of music and art education at the University and Salina public schools.
Those participating in the conference are: Dean Thomas Gorton of the School of Fine Arts and Dean George B. Smith of the School of Education; Professors E. Thayer Gaston of music education, Reinhold Schmidt of voice and Russell J. Wiley of band and orchestra.
Assistant professors Karel Blaas of music theory and viola; Miss Evelyn Degraw and Carlyle H. Smith of design, and Robert Green of drawing and painting.
Associate professors J. Sheldon Carey and Arvid Jacobson of design; Gerald M. Carney, Elin K. Jorgensen and James Nickerson of music education, and Miss Maud Ellsworth of education.
Instructors Marcus E. Hahn, Leo Horacek, Clayton Krehbiel and William W. Sears of music education, and Raymond Zepp of band; and Miss Alice Schwartz, graduate student and assistant in art education.
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