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University Daily Kansan
36 Million Vacationers Visit America's Parks
Washington, D.C. — U.S. rangers have closed their books on the greatest travel year in the history of America's National Parks.
From Maine to Alaska and Hawai'i, more than 36,700,000 people—one in every four Americans—visited historic shrines and saw majestic scenery that they themselves own as part of the far-flung national park system. The figure broke the 1950 record by nearly four million.
Uncle Sam's public park domain—mountains and monuments, canyons and caves—embraces more land than the combined area of Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware and half of New Jersey, the National Geographic Society says. Half of the total is in 28 National Parks; the remainder in 175 National Monuments, historical sites, battlefields, and memorials. National forests, ten times as big, are not included,
Three University teams participated in 12 debates, winning 11.
Freshmen debaters led the University to first place in a 15-school, 44-team debate tournament at Kansas State college Saturday.
Frosh Debaters Win At K-State
Undefeated in winning four straight debates were the teams of William R. Arnold and Frederick Rice, and Lee Baird and Robert S. Kennedy, George Stoepeworth and Hubert Bell won three out of four debates.
"This is our best record at this tournament in several years and we are particularly happy with the exceptional work of the freshmen debaters in these debates," William Conboy, instructor in speech, said.
Mr. Conboy said that because of Saturday's good showing he would take four debaters to two more advanced tournaments in the near future.
"We will enter a tournament at Southwestern college in Winfield. Dec. 7-8 and one at McPherson college in the first week in January," Mr.Conboy said.
"These are old established tournaments with much tougher competition,"Mr. Conboy said.
5-Mile Tunnel To Up Power Out-Put
Niagara Falls, Ont.—(U.P.)A tunnel large enough to "swallow" a four-story building, stretching for more than five miles, will be built to feed water into Ontario Hydro's new generating plant at Queenston, Ont.
The $182,000,000 power project, expected to stretch over the next four years, is one of the largest engineering jobs in the world today. When completed, the new underground waterway will be the largest of its kind anywhere.
The development involves, besides construction of the long pressure tunnel, the building of an open-eut canal about two and one-half miles long and the erection of a generating station with seven 100,000-horse-power units giving a total output of 525,000 kilowatts.
Speedsters Easily Caught With Radar
Greensboro, N. C.—(U.P.)-Greensboro police were proud of the way their new radar speed-detecting device was working.
They set it up on a busy thoroughfare and summoned 19 motorists to court.
Suddenly, traffic slowed down and the radar speedometer—nicknamed "the whammy"—was getting no customers. Police were mystified. Drivers just won't reform that quickly.
They discovered the reason just around a curve in the road. A well-meaning elderly man was flagging down each passing car to pass the word that "the whammy" was wait-
The patrolmen warned the warner and moved their radar box to a new location.
Yellowstone is the largest national park. A fantastic land of geysers, hot springs, mud volcanoes, waterfalls, mountains, and forests, sprawls across more than two million acres of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Old Faithful—not so faithful in timing its eruptions anywhere from 38 to 88 minutes apart—has nonetheless performed for millions of awed spectators since an ex-soldier from the Lewis and Clark expedition, John Colter, made the first recorded visit to Yellowstone in 1807.
The story is told of a laundryman who many years ago went to Yellowstone. He saw with astonishment a bubbling pool of boiling hot water and decided to take advantage of his share of the public ownership. In went dirty clothes and soap. Presently, the soap had its well-known effect on the quiet pool. It suddenly became a raging geyser, and up went clothes, laundryman and all.
Variety is the word that describes the National Parks. In them, touring Americans ride winding trails along the rim of the mighty Grand canyon of the Colorado, camp on Mount Desert island in Maine's Acadia national park, see Yosemite's towering cliffs. They invade subtropical wilderness in the Everglades, climb to Crater lake or down into the sculptured passageways of Carlsbad caverns and Mammoth cave. They stand reverently in the shadows of the giant sequoias. National parks hold America's most spectacular geography, scenic splendors in safe deposit, as it were, for the generations to come.
When a great national park closes for the season, it means usually that hotels, lodges, meal service and transportation are no longer furnished. Few of the parks close completely to visitors in the winter; today more and more skiers, skaters, toboggan and snowshoe enthusiasts are using northern parks in the "off" season.
Snow lies deep and dry on the Rockies, the Cascade range, and the High Sierras of the western parks. Usually there is little wind, and temperatures are favorable for winter sports from late November until April or May. Even in Alaska's Mount McKinley national park, all types of winter sports are available through the cold, short days of the long snow season.
The American Public Works Association reports that an increasing number of cities and states have a towport since the end of the war.
Chicago—(U.P.)—Rubber roads are becoming quite common, in the experimental stage at least.
Rubber Roads Are Tried Out
In Massachusetts, highway builders announced plans for experiments with asphalt-rubber topping of an additional 100 miles of roadway in various parts of the state.
Highway engineers currently are trying powdered rubber as a mix with asphalt to provide smoother surfaces. This time, giving a less slimming surface.
Engineers believe rubber will help overcome asphalt's chronic softness in summer and brittleness in winter and will tend to allow for expansion and contraction with the seasons.
Typical of such experiments is the newly-laid stretch of rubber road on Constitution avenue in Washington, D.C.
Akron, Ohio, laid the first section of test rubber road in this country in 1947. Virginia, with a 1,000 foot stretch of rubber road near Richmond, was another pioneer.
The rich mezzo-soprano voice of engaged to crooner Frank Sinatra. and Hammerstein Nights," comes naturally.
She is one of six musically-gifted children, whose mother is an ac-complished singer, pianist and teacher.
Miss Jones, one of the four featured soloists of the attraction, was born near Chattanooga, Tenn., and received her bachelor of arts degree in music from the University of Chattanooga.
Soloist's Voice Comes Naturally
"Rodgers and Hammerstein Nights," a musical of songs chosen from the six Broadway hit shows of the two great composers, will be presented at 8:20 p.m. Wednesday in Hoch auditorium.
She has sung with the New York Oratorio society, appeared as soloist at Carnegie hall and made a concert debut at Manhattan's Town hall. She has toured with the Little Opera Theater group. Recently Miss Jones has been a member of the Robert Shaw choralie.
1 Monday. Nov.- 12, 1951
Cancer Society To Find Out If Smoking Causes Cancer
By PAUL F. ELLIS United Press Science Editor
The American Cancer Society hopes to get to the bottom of whther smoking causes lung cancer.
It may be several years, but the ACS may turn up with a scientific answer. The conclusion, yea or no, will be based on reports of a survey of more than 100,000 American men between the ages of 50 and 69.
The idea of the survey is to determine how many die of lung cancer as compared to non-smokers in the same age group.
The survey, now being undertaken, is the largest and most comprehensive ever taken of the smoking habits of the American male. It will be conducted by volunteers of the society, who will put the questions to relatives, neighbors and close friends. A follow-up survey will be made at the end of one and two-year periods to discover whether the persons quizzed have died or are still living. $ ^{*} $
In all, the survey may include the smoking histories of 400,000 or more men. Statistics show that in the 50 to 69 age bracket there will be about three per cent of deaths per year from all causes. Of those deaths, there will be one in 30 caused by cancer.
Dr. Charles S. Cameron, medical director of the Cancer Society, said in announcing plans for the survey:
"We have undertaken the survey because of the interest and concern in this problem. Much of the concern has been aroused by reports of the half-a-dozen lung cancer studies made since 1933. These have all concerned a group of people with the disease and easily small clinical results without it. Results of the studies varied widely in assessing a relationship between smoking and lung cancer, and therefore cannot be considered conclusive."
The questions are expected to de-
Florida Fraternities Do Community Work
Gainesville, Fla.—(U.P.)—Fraternities at the University of Florida have turned "Hell Week" into "Help Week."
Instead of the traditional indigencies of hazing, the pledges undertook various community projects under sponsorship of the frats.
For instance, one group of Greek letter nephytes painted the city traffic lights and lanes. Another band painted the boy's club auditorium.
A Stronger Yugoslavia Now Developing As U.S.Aid Widens Slav Rift With Russia
Belgrade, Yugoslavia—(U.P.)-Three years ago Yugoslavia was in the position of a small boy thumbing his nose at the big bully (Russia) but not quite sure what he would do if the bully turned on him.
All the head men of the Communist party and the government were involved in this re-assessment.
When the recommendations were all in, there was a top-level meet
Today, with the imminent signing of an arms aid agreement with the United States, the small boy has come of age.
Yugoslavia's new maturity, only now becoming internationally evident, actually dates back ten months. It was then that its leaders made the decisions which have guided all their subsequent actions. The decisions convinced the western powers that Marshal Tito means business and deserves economic and military aid.
The drought had a shattering effect on a shaky economy. It coincided, with the need for more resources for defense and forced them to re-assess their optimistic industrial planning.
The decisions were precipitated by two events outside Yugoslavia's control: Korea and the drought. Without them, the small boy might not have grown up so quickly.
Korea showed that Russian aggression was actually possible. The prompt western reaction to it forced the Yugoslavs to take another look at their plague - on-both-your-houses international attitude. They also looked at the state of their for-Yugoslavia-only defenses.
ing, probably in Belgrade in late December.
In small doses, carefully graduated, most of the decisions were then filtered down to the population.
Up till then many Yugoslav Communists still clung to the line that both East and West were equally "imperialist." They felt that asking help from either, especially arms, was an invitation to slavery.
The key decision was to ask the United States for arms. It was a major step taken with hesitation among the party leaders. It was regarded as the final seal set on the break with Moscow.
Here is the general outline of what was decided in December;
It was only after the Yugoslavs saw for themselves that American food aid was really given without strings that they finally allowed themselves to be convinced.
That was one side of the decision. The other was that, after taking a long look at the situation of Yugoslavia in the world, and particularly at the military preparations in the Soviet satellites, this country's leaders had come to two basic conclusions:
1. They must prepare to defend all of Yugoslavia in case of war, abandoning their previous plan of retiring into the mountainous "Bosnian"
redoubt" after a token defense of the plains and Belgrade.
2. They must prepare to be involved in war from the very beginning of an attack anywhere in Europe. It had become clear now that no attack in Europe could hope to be localized.
Farmington, Conn.—(U.P.)—A tiny local woman, rejected repeatedly when she offered to give the Red Cross her blood because she didn't weigh enough, finally made the grade. Beaming, after her blood was taken, she showed her weight-gaining formula—lead hidden in her clothing.
Logically following from this second conclusion was another: That Yugoslavia must now abandon its above-the-battle attitude and take a more active and responsible role on the international stage. This change soon became publicly evident when Yugoslavia cast its first positive vote on Korea in the United Nations (for economic sanctions against China).
In the Yugoslav view, this more responsible role does not mean that Yugoslavia should go to the extent of joining pairs or blocs, or making definite military or political commitments on future action.
Lead Trick Benefits Woman
As Marshal Tito said recently, Yugoslavia is in favor of seeing the west re-arm "for the purpose of maintaining peace, but not for the purpose of winning a war."
termine whether the men have smoked in their lifetime more than five to ten packs of cigarettes, 50 to 75 cigars or three to five packs of pipe tobacco. If the answer is "yes," then the volunteers will ask how much the men smoked each day and the number of years they have smoked, or when they stopped.
Cameron said that the 50 to 69 age bracket was chosen because lung cancer in men shows up more in that time of life.
He said women will not be included in the survey because as of now lung cancer in the female is relatively small.
"It will be necessary for us to cover 200,000 man-years in our survey to get reliable data," he said. "It thus will require at least two years to complete our findings if the smoking habits of 100,000 men are obtained."
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