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UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN, LAWRENCE, KANSAS
MONDAY, MARCH 19, 1951
Biological War Methods Difficult To Recognize
The greatest weapon of offense and the biggest problem of defense in biological warfare is the slow means of detecting that an attack has occurred, members of Sigma Xi, honorary scientific society, were told Thursday.
Dr. Russell C. Mills, chairman of the biochemistry department, and Dr. Cora M. Downs, professor of bacteriology, warned society members that the time factor involved between the attack and the onset of disease meant that persons can be seriously ill before it is realized that an attack took place.
Dr. Mills said harmful bacteria, virus, toxins and protozoa could be used against humans in explosives such as aerial bombs, in sprays from airplanes, and in insecticide spray bombs.
"The spray formations can infect the body by inhalation, absorption through the skin or mucous membranes, or the ingestion of food." Dr. Mills explained.
These spray bombs can be used effectively in ventilating and air conditioning systems, he added.
Other tactics would be the contamination of food, water supplies, and clothing, he said.
"Cattle, swine, and poultry could be infected with agents foreign to this country. Our Kansas wheat crop could be infected with any of the many foreign wheat rusts," he pointed out.
Unlike the atomic bomb bacteriological warfare work can be done in any lab or in any country. Sub-
versives can infect the population without anyone knowing who did it. Dr. Mills said. He explained that effects of this germ warfare can be 100 per cent mortality, prolonged incapacity, or little harm.
Dr. Downs said that defensive measures included control of disease, vaccination, isolation of individuals, and antibiotics. She said these means belong to peace and an orderly world.
"There is little of specific nature that we can do before the onset of the biological warfare disease. The enemy will choose those agents to which we are not immune or for which we have no vaccine developed," she said.
She gave the following precautions to use in the event of germ warfare; boil all water, call a doctor early when symptoms develop, and follow general cleanliness habits.
Dr. Downs said problems of administrative officials concern community cooperation in the use of medical and other facilities. They must see to it that individuals are taught how to collect water, food, and pathological samples for testing in laboratories; that decontamination squads are trained; and that stock piles of vaccines and disinfectants exist in strategic areas.
"Education is the greatest need for defense against biological warfare." Dr. Downs emphasized. "The essence of civil defense is a brave and ready mind. We are vulnerable if we don't know what is facing us"
Recordings Will Supplement History Teaching: Buehler
"History teaching will one day be supplemented with actual recordings of the events," E. C. Buehler, director of forensics, said.
Professor Buehler has been collecting documentary records since 1935, and now counts among his collection such recordings as voice of William Gladstone, prime minister of Great Britian, recorded in December, 1888.
The collection is divided into two divisions; those records that are important because of the person, and those that are important because of the event.
Every president since McKinley, Thomas Edison, Einstein, William Jennings Bryan and James Whitcomb Riley are examples in the first group.
Excerpts from war incidents, news items, and recordings of unusual sounds are placed in the second.
Professor Buehler said that often the records that would seem the easiest to find can not be found at all. He has been looking for a recording of Winston Churchill's "Blood, Sweat, and Tears" speech since it was delivered.
He has offered rewards, contacted the British Broadcasting company, and all his usual sources, but no one has recorded it.
"Voice and speaking compose
about two-thirds of the human personality." Professor Buehler said. He pointed out though that the records are disappointing in a way because the other third of the personality is missing.
"Most great men do not have pleasing voices," he said. He cited as examples President Truman, and Calvin Coolidge.
According to Buehler, the voices that are the easiest to listen to are William Jennings Bryan and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Professor Buehler said that the most dramatic speech in his entire collection is Roosevelt's "Stab in the Back" address.
Theodore Roosevelt's voice is interesting. It is high pitched, small and tight. In spite of this, many voice experts and historians find a remarkable similarity between his voice and Franklin Roosevelt's.
Professor Buehler has let his collection slide a little since the "I Can Hear It Now" records were released because he feels that their full time staff can do just what he is trying to do and do it better.
Talent Needed To Entertain Veterans At Winter General
Students interested in the entertainment field who will attend summer school here will be urgently needed this summer to put on hows at Winter Veteran's hospital at Topeka.
Programs are presented several imes each week to entertain patients at the hospital. Eighty-five per cent of the patients are mentally ill.
"Both entertainers and patients benefit from these programs because the students help the patients and at the same time get experience a entertainment work," said Mrs. t. N. Wolfson, chairman of the entertainment project sponsored by 1e Red Cross.
The shows are beneficial to the parents according to hospital reports, a one case, a man who had not poken a word for several months, alked after he had seen a program
Shows of almost every type have been presented to the patients. They like sport shows, such as table tennis matches and tumbling acts. They also enjoy novelty musical numbers, chalk talks, puppet shows, dances done with colorful costumes* and many others.
which interested him.
Entertainers try to avoid stiff, formal programs and make them informal and lively. Entertainers must not give programs which are depressing or emotionally disturbing to the patients.
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