WEATHER Foir and Warmer UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN Butter-and-Egg Men Need an Experienced Cast VOL. XXIX The Official Student Paper of the University of Kansas Regular Schedule to Hold for Men's Classes Tomorrow W.S.G.A. Convocation Wil Authorize No Cuts by Other Members at 10:30 WOMEN ARE EXCUSED The all-women convoitation for nomination for W.S.G.A. offices will be held tomorrow morning at 10:30. "All women will be excused from their 10-30 classes," said Professor E. H. Guild, "but no cuts are authorized for men, although individual instructors may dismiss the entire class if they feel that too large a part of the class will be taught. There will be no convolution课, but other classes will meet as usual." Myra Little, c32, president of W.S.G. A.D., desires that presidents of organized houses urge their people to attend church services, unorganized women are asked to come. Tees are to be given on Tuesday and Wednesday for the presentation of the University women. Elections will follow on Thursday. Final Debates Next Week Last of High School Series to Be Held March 18-19 Final debate of the Kansas high school debating league will be held March 18 and 19 at the University of Kansas for the twenty-second time. As the league progresses, it will be in the form of a debate tournament, with the winners of the two classes from each of the 12 debate districts coming to Lawrence. In fact, an additional entry this year will be that of Akron, representing the north contest. The tournament will bring to Lawrence at least four, and in most cases at least five. Students with one or more faculty advisers Class A and class B schools will be divided into two groups, and within each group three teams will be held the Friday afternoon and evening, and the two leading teams in each group will enter an elimination tournament. Seven or eight of the teams coming this year in class A were here last year but only four of last year's district winners in class B return this year. School of Business Changes Outline for Graduate Work Tries New Plan This Year During the past year the School of Business and the department of economics have been following a slightly different procedure in outlining their requirements for graduate work. This program is made by Professor D.J. Teviotdia. No alteration has been made in the matter of hours or grades. The change have been in the direction of makin' certain that no graduate student should leave the University without a compartment. This is not true of all of his field. It is also hoped that he will be in possession of certain "tool courses" which will enable him to secure a foot-hold in the business world, as for example, accounting, statistics, or retail. PROFESSOR WHEELER TO TALK TO CITY DISCUSSION GROUP "Rather than follow a rigid set of rules requiring so many graduate course, states Mr. Tevioldale, "a more flexible program has been laid out with the MBA or MRAP degree will complete his work in possession of this reasonably well-rounded body of knowledge. It makes little difference to the School or the department whether the knowledge is acquired by the graduate student, by formal instruction or by practical experience, so long as the student can demonstrate his familiarity with the field. The aim has been to furnish the student with at least an A-level qualification in the subject which he is likely to come in contact after leaving the University. Professor R. H. Wheeler, head of the department of psychology, will speak to the forum, a city discussion group based in Boston, subject "Science and Moral Law." No.125 On March 16, Professor Wheeler will go to Wichita as chairman of the Douglass county committee on the care of crippled children. He will attend the state convention of the board. The Care of Crippled Children Professor address the convention on the subject, "Functions of a County Committee." Miss MacLaren Improving Miss Nomi MacLaren, 26, who was taken to the Memorial hospital for an emergency operation for appendicitis the night of Feb. 27 is improving. The seriousness of her case prohibited her visiting until last Thursday. To Present Organ Recital Powell Weaver Will Give the Vesper Program This Afternoon Powell Weaver, organist of the Grand Avenue temple, Kansas City, Mo, will present the last in the series of five lectures at in the University auditorium. His program will begin with his own arrangement of *A Gothic Cathedral* (Platella), followed by two numbers of three. He then plays Fugue and Fugue in *G Minor* (Bach). Relays Committee Plans to Organize Immediately Mr. Weaver will play Prof. C. S. Skilson's composition, "American Indian 'antisease'," "Christmas in Sicily" and Italian Rhapsody" (Pietro Yon) in his promenal. This need is the last virgin organ program for his year. Miller Asks That Freshmer Submit Written Applications The annual call for freshman candidates for membership in the Kansas Relays student committee was issued on October 3, 2014. The roller, senior manager of the committee. "The tenth annual Kansas Relies is set for April 23, this spring." Miller said, "and the student committee plans to organize immediately to get the work done from advertising and the numerous other details of the big need under way." The student relays committee is composed of one senior, two juniors, four sophomores and six freshmen each year. The committee will apply for a tryout for this committee are asked to submit their applications in writing addressed to "Relays Manager Robinson Gymnasium" 7. Applications will be received on March 9, and all those applying must appear Wednesday afternoon at 3:30 o'clock in Room 206, Robinson gymnasium. The selection of the six candidates made by the relay委员会 then. Applicants are expected to be eligible by the usual standards applied in all student activities. Each applicant is asked by the committee to state name end age, here town, any previous business affiliation, education level, whether or not he can use a typewriter, and also give his telephone and street address in Lawrence. Upper class members of the student relays committee for this spring season. The Athletic office is follows: Gerry H. Miller, Kansas City, Kans., senior manager; John Sleeper, Ioa, and Gordon Fitzgerald, Kans., junior manager; Paola, Charles Maule, Wechtin, and Stanley Tier, Chanute, sophomores. Only three sophomore members are announced before the season begins, only three of last year's six freshmen members are in school this semester. LAWRENCE, KANSAS, SUNDAY, MARCH 6. 1932 Dean Frank T. Stocktour and Professor D. J. Tervoldite of the School of Business will go to Tapoka tomorrow to attend two meetings. They will attend a meeting of a special committee that will work with students to consider ways and reasons for a study of the economics of transportation in this state. The second meeting is of the executive committee of the governor's committee for employment, of which Dean Stocktour is a member and Professor Tervoldite is a technical assistant. John Smith. The ice and snow finds that there invade Ice and Snow in the directory. If you open it, you see that **O** (Wind is to be found, but perhaps its was a cold day). At any rate there is a chance of breaking. If you are an artist, and your taste runs to things beautiful, how would you like to look at some colors? There are all kinds in this never-failing book. There is Black, Brown, White, Gray, Green and takes first names, (poetia more, but I know) Violet. There may be more, but it would take an artist to find them. Seniors to Meet Thursday Evening to Discuss Plans Ice and Snow But No Wind Class Officers to Be Intro Those with a mechanical turn of mind might like to take a look at the new models cars. For a small wee income we find an Anthurium, or a pothos, hanging down the list we find Dodge, Gardner, (now obsolete), Rolls, (without the Royce), Force, (without the Arrow), and Nash Strange which isn't represented in such a collection. All Things Strange and Wonderful Between A and Izzard in Directory Strange and wonderful things come out of the science of civilized man, not the least strange and wonderful of human beings. We find long lists of names, and go under the designation of directories or telephone books. The student directory, following in the path of the universal trend, is a book to precede with a right good will. Student representatives of general committee: David Newcomer and Virginia Evans. Not being acutely accused to doing things by halves one had better cover it from A to Izard. The disillusionment thing is that you sound only halfway through the book. The senior class of the University will hold its first meeting of the year Thursday at 7.30, according to an announcement made today by Fred Fleming, the president of the place has been set tentatively as the Little Theater of the Galley, but final arrangements for securing the place for the meeting have not been announced. Invitation: George McPhillipmey chairman, Virginia Hudson, Steary Pickell, Otto Epp, and Lorraine Gregory. Cap and gown: Dean Chaffee, chairman, Jack Feist, Richard Barber, Irwin Coffman, Katherine Morris, Irvin Ona Arra. Alumni reception: Fred Nordtmann chairman, Evelyn Swarthout, Cynthia Dungan, Maurice McManus, and Luan Thacher. PLACE NOT YET SET to Be Announced Officially Senior Cakewalk managers: Vernor Traylor and Clair Wood. Business that will come up before the meeting, according to Fleming, will be the official announcement of committee members, as well as class and chairman of the committee; and a general outline of what the class will be, will be given. Fred Ellsworth, alumni/secretary, who has been acting as chairman for the past two years, will probably make a short talk. Senior breakfast: Lela Hackney, chairman France; Lela Hacker, chairman Murgie and Murray Judge. Publicity: Phil Keolor, chairman Baby Johnson, Aldred Curry, Rober Wilson. "Emphasis should be made on ib if fact that the meeting will start soon, and there is no matter what happens," said Flionn this morning. "This is the first meeting of the class, and therefore we are very eager to meet every actio will be able to attend." The list of senior class committees as they will be officially announced' Thurs day are as follows: Memorial: Harry Miller, chairman Hazel Halsey, Ethel Hornbuckle, Ethet Cornelius, Otto Rost, Charles Maude and Ravmond Kell. Sophomores in the department of architecture are working on the Scram prize project, a design for an open an elementary school. The design, a dive into architecture, will be submitted urday. The student submitting the best design, which will be selected by the five oldest active members of Scram will be awarded a medal by the local community. Class prophecy: Horace Santry Class history: Myra Little. STUDENTS IN ARCHITECTURE WORK ON SCARAB PROJEC For the statistician one must go down to cold facts and figures. **C** Jones's there are. 18 Smith com through with a grand total of 44, in counting the Smythes. A man must stop somewhere, you know. Of John Smith, who was poor fourth. Davis even beaten her with a total of 23. The book starts with Abalos and one with Zwoffel. Tat Izard keeps rearranging its chord to hand over the book of the book. Who do you suppose have the least names in the book under the letter headings, the Wrong Answer or the Right Answer? They have the F for the Z. Specifications for the school include an auditorium seating 500 persons, a library, eight to ten classrooms, and a principal's office. You were warned that this might be a game. Piper, Plouche, and Plowman are grouped together. Poulton is quite appropriate; Orr is it? This might go on forever. It beats all who a person with a lot of time and am P's Are Least If one looks long enough it becomes a game. There is a House, and a Wailh. There is In young and Love. There is E sunshine. There are Sails, Sawyers and Pipes. There is A Wood, and Oakes are placed appropriately nearby. Paradoxically they place a Hill near the River. There is a Mill and Grist. Green goe hand in hand with Graves. A Fisher is placed just above the Flood. There is a Poet preceding Goodh. People unnippe at their feet and place their best foot forward. bition can find in directories. This week's schedule for Dr. Paul D. Dengler's group of lectures on "Understanding Europe" and "Education in Europe" is as follows. Dr. P. L. Dengler Will Give Six Talks On Europe During Week Monday, 4 p. m.; central Administration auditorium; topic: "Problems of Central Europe." Episcopal Forum Wednesday, 9:30 a.m.; central Administration auditorium; topic: "Social Trends in New Austria." Tuesday, 10:30 a. m.; Fraser theater topic: "France" Thursday. 8 p. m.; central Administration auditorium, topic: "Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia." The series of lectures is under the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Production to Be Given March 14,15,16 by Dramatic Club "Butter and Egg Man Has Experienced Cas Friday, 10:30 a. m.; Fraser theater topic: "Germany." The cast for "The Butter and Ice Show" is about the life of a cancer patient to be present at Dr. Pamela K. 14, 15, and 18 by the Dramaic club, is made up for the most part of experienced Hill actors. The cast, which has been rehearsing steadily, includes Bella Nuckles, *c*'uncl, Glimmer Reynolds, *c*'34; Maurus Wilden, 132; Margaret Hughes, *c*'32; Margare Callahan, *c*'34; Leland Leung, *c*'34; Leland Lupkins, *c*'uncl; Gernaine Grineau, *c*'uncl, Lorien Koreney, *c*'32; Katherine Patee *c*'35; William O. Kyte, *c*'32; and Ru Professor Allen Crafton, who is directing the comedy, states that it is one of the best all-student cases with which he has ever worked. There may be a change in the carting before tomorrow night, but Professor Craftt intends to hold his present trump if it is possible. Margaret Hughins has another comedy role as Fanny, the retired juggler (played by Sasha Piastrovich) "Outward Bound" and "Cook Bob" will have an opportunity of watching. Joren Kennedy, c32; Kameryl Facee c35; William O. Kyte, c32, and Rudolph Mahnke, c32. The Butter and Egg Man is the next to the last show to be presented in March, a month before the state department. Tickets will go on sale Thursday morning, March 10, in the Butter and Egg Man gallery. Eight to Run in Primaries Graduates and Former Students Seek Officers in March Election A. L. Park, 24, Maryville, has announced that he is a candidate for the nomination for the office of county attorney in Republican ticket for Marshall County. Eighth graduates and former students have announced their intention of running for nomination in the August primaries. F. R. Lobaugh, 20, who is running for the nomination for state senator on the Republican ticket, has served as county attorney in Washington county for the past ten years, and he was sent in France during the World War. Dr. Jonathan B. Carter, 10, Wilson has announced his intention of running for Republican nominee for State senator from the thirty-fourth seat. E. W. Stewec, T5, Alma, is seeking re-election to the Wabaunsee county attorney office. C. W. Shifter, "25. St. John, is a candidate for county attorney of Stafford county and seeks the Republican nomination Harry Blaker, '24, Pleasanton, has announced he is a candidate for the Republican nomination for county attorney of Linn county The affirmative won the debate, Resolved: That bull fighting is a more humane sport than American sports. El Dente thrived at midnight of El Ateneo Thursday afternoon. Those on the affirmative were Joese Wheeler, gr., and Marietta Daniels, cm. of Mrs. Annabelle Rodgers, gr., and Melba Springer; vce. pressman, gr., and Melba Springer; vce. acted as chairman of the debate. Eugene B. Lyndman, a student here in 1917, Mayfield, has announced that he expects to be a candidate for county senator and a Republican ticket in Sumner county. AFFIRMATIVES WIN DEBATE ON SPORT OF BULL FIGHTING Youngstown, Ohio, March 5—(UP) James DeetjeJr. 12, was found alive in a house on the Hubbard Road here, County Detective W. J. Harrison reported. The boy was kidnapped while on his way to school last Wednesday. The men were reported under arrest. The boy is being rushed to his Niles home. Huskers Set New Mark of 4:02.3 for 440-yard Free Style Relay Race Iowa State Takes Swimming Honors; Nebraska Second THREE RECORDS MADE Lincoln, March 5—(UP) Iowa state college won the 1982 Big Six swimming team championship here today in the new University of Nebraska tank. Oowa State scored 48 points. Nebraska was second with 29. Oklahoma threw with 28, and Kansas fourth with 7. A single Kansas State swim entered, but did not place. Missouri did not enter. Three conference records were made, Fraser, Iowa State, breaking his own mark in the 440 yard free style. Sammy Amatino setting a new record in the 440 yard free style, the Sebastian team shattering the mark in the 440 yard free style relay. 40-yard free style relay, won by New Brasilia (Amatac), Whitworth, Sutherland, Masterson); Iowa State, second; Oklahoma; third; Kansas, fourth. TIME Summary: 220-yard breast stroke, won by Sand, Iowa State; Mecuff, Iowa State; second, Carla, Nebraska; third, Kyte, Kansas, fourth. Time: 2:48.4 100-yard back stroke, won by Weld, Iowa State; Gerry, Iowa State; second; Church, Nebraska; third; Luckey, Nebraska, fourth. Time 2 minutes. 50-yard free style, won by McDonald, Oklahoma. Masterson, Nebraska, second; Anatoto, Nehuku, third; Campbell, Oklahoma. fourth. Time 26.5 sec. 404-yard free style, won by Fraser Iowa State; Frederickson, Oklahoma, second, Lowder, Iowa State, third, Easterday, Nebraska, fourth, Time 100-yard free style, won by Amatone Nebraska; Tetech, Iowa, second; Mac Donald, Oklahoma; Whitworth Nebraska, fourth. Time; 1:03. Diving, won by Sutherland, Nebraska. 123.2 points; Tuma, Oklahoma, second. 115.7 points; Minor, Nebraska, third. 105.9 Powell, Nebraska fourth, 98.8 220-yard free-style, won by Fraser. 166.4 points; second-second, second-stack, buckup, state, third. Lower, Iowa State, fourth, Time 24.18 300-yard medley, won by Iowa State. Team, Weld, Sands, and Ketch; Nebraska, second; Kansas, third; Oklahoma fourth. Time 3:34.8. NEBRASKA WRESTLERS WIN Mehringer Complete Season Without Defeat by Scoring Fall Lincoln, March 5—(UP)--Three falls and two decisions gave the Nebraska wreather a 21 to 10 victory over the Kansas Jayhawks here today. Harry Adam. Don Shrieker and Murie Wells of the Kansas team won their matches by falls. Adam, wrestling in the 165-pound division, threw the Jayhawk in 4 minutes and 5 seconds in the first match and then trimmed the Kansan a second time in one minute and 10 seconds. He then worked his short work of Hulker, putting the Cornhuncker on the mat in just 56 seconds. 115 pounds; Miller of Kansas threw Walker of Nebraska. Time, 8:35. 135 pounds: Wells of Nebraska threw Brown of Kansas. Time, 8:40. 145 pounds: Ackerman, Nebraska, won a decision over Windle, Kansas. Time, 3:12. 155 pounds. Shirley of Nebraska threw Taylor of Kansas Time, 4:10. 155 pounds. Adam. Nebraska, threw Honesty of HISKIM Rose of Kansas Heavyweight: Methrine of Kansas threw Hubert of Nebraska. Time, 56 seconds. NEBRASKA WINS DUAL MEET Kansas Aggie Track Team Suffer Defeat at Lincoln Lincoln, Neh., March 5—(UP) —The University of Nebraska's trak team defeated the Kansas Aggies 68 to 33 here this afternoon in a dual indoor meet. Lambertus, Nebraska, sophomore teammate, the Nebraska team met stepping the 60 yard low hurdles in 6.8 seconds for a new stadium record and coming near the world mark. Out of the 12 events the Nebraska performers carried off eight firsts, and tied Howie to Present Senior Recital Howie Howie, fa 32, organist, will present his senior recital Tuesday evening in the University Auditorium at 8 Howie is a pupil of Professor Laurel E. Anderson, and is organist of the University of Chicago. Howie is divided into three parts, including numbers by Bach, Vernor, Cerver, Franck, Read the Kansan wait-ads. Comedy Eligibility List Out Opening Rehearsals to Be Held in Gymnasium Monday Evening The eligibility list for the musical comedy chorales was announced yesterday noon by Professor Thurman. The following men and women were annotated from the gymnasium Monday evening at 7:30; Jane Loveett, c:34; Mary K. Fredrick, c:34; Jane Byrn, c:32; Virginia Evans, c:34; Wimfied Wright, c:33; Virginia Krob, c:33; Walshire Hall, 153; William Foster, c:34; Diana Laukcek, c:32; Kenneth Kell, c:35. Any men interested in musical comedy dancing may call Dorothy Fredrick before Monday night. These women are to report at 8:30 p.m. Lorraine Little, c34; Winfried Stillwell, c34; Rosaryine Worthenwitt, c34; Christina Calhoun, c29; Shirley Forrestie, c29 Japanese and Chinese Plan Further Fighting War Is Declared on New Independent Manchurian State Shanghai, March 5—(UP)—The Chinese Nationalist government issued virtual declaration of war on the new independent Makhian state today in response to a series of concession here, and Japanese and Chinese forces planned further fighting. The first act of a new military council, created by the central executive committee of the Chinese government, was to order a punitive expedition against China and Japan. The joint committee meeting at Loyang was attended by government and military leaders. According to the opinion of Chinese leaders here, the expedition will be headed by Marshall Chang Hsuan-Liang, coated as Manchurian overlord by the Japanese, and Feng Xue-Haijing, who still boasts a powerful military force. The Loyang meeting refused to accept the resignation of Wang Ching-hua, the former Chinese leader. The Chinese leaders opened their meeting with a solemn tribute to the soldiers killed at Shanghai, standing in silhouette for three minutes with their head bowed. Marshall Chiang had a loyal army of 23,000 men in the Chinchow area before he be ordered his men to retire within the Great Wall of China at Shanhui-kwan. It was not known if Chang-Kui Shi, former head of the government of Guangxi Province, was in the fense of Shanghai will be concern with the Manchu huren expedition. American Admiral Authorized to Cooperate With Powers in East TO INVESTIGATE HOSTILITIES Washington, March 8—(UP) —The state department, acting through the navy department, today authorized Admiral McCormack to cooperate with the British, French, and Indian naval commanders in determining if hostiles there actually find This action was taken in response to a League of Nations resolution asking such an inquiry. The four naval chiefs, led by Admiral Kamenov, effort to settle the dispute between Japanese and Chinese representatives at Hiroshima, had either fighting or stopped at Shanghai. At the same time the state department reaffirmed its policy of co-operation with American universities at the Far East. This affirmation was given in reply to a question as to whether an American representative could arrange a round table conference at Shanghai. The United States intends to participlicate but is not informed that a definite time has been set for such a conference. The state department striking at rumors that American munition dealers had sold great quantities of munitions to Japan made public the following data, "American experts of arms and munitions to Japan during 1851 were valued at only $12,000. Similar shipments to Japan in January, 1852, were worth only $1,800." Beat American Teacher Shanghai, March 5—(UP) -Misa E. Rose Marlow, an educator teacher at a Baptist mission school, was severely beaten yesterday by Japanese reservist troops while inspecting the ruins of her home in Nishinomiya, where consular officials were informed today. Miss Marlow, it was learned, was struck in the face and beaten with what prized him. What prized he voked the attack. The teacher to the Shuntak girl's school affiliated with the Southern Baptist Mission has been a resident of the Orient for some Protest was sent to the Japanese auxiliary by the American consulate designation of Miss Marlow, who was Miss Marlow was taken from Shanghai to Hongkong today to convolve from Kidnappers Remain Unknown Following Fifth Day of Hunt Authorities In Lindbergh Case Believe Nurse's Sweetheart May Know More HIGHWAYS PATROLLED The day has been marked by a show of force with the gathering in Trenton on Friday, which has the best brizen of decisive forces ended with the same air of hopelessness that has fallen over Hopewell when the week has vanished in thin air. Hopewell, N. J., March 5—(UP) —The Lindbergh kidding case entered to fifth flight of suspense with the arrest of a suspect who ferret completely bailed, their nerves agged and their stamina taxed, and without a definite elucidation by the abductors. Tightle them remained only one strong lead upon which experts based any hope for an "irrily solution of the problem," and it was to which they have ever been face. That was the possibility that a sailor, a sweetheart of Betty Gow, who has been married to John Browne, might know something more than he had divulged. The sailor. "Red" Johnson, of Englewood, was still in cusses when he met the woman wanted by the Howell authority. There were certain details of history regarding the events of Tuesday night and Wednesday that were manifest contradictions. The state of nerves into which the authorities have fallen are often barriers that prevent the leakage of information deemed important by police and increasing snappishness with which they handled their relations with the press. It was reported that there would be no more press conferences and that little information henceforth would be given. Troopers, heavily armed, patrolled every highway. There are even machine guns on the Lindbergh estate. Why, nobody knows. If any results were observed, they would have serious ones exploded by today's gatherers of experts who visited the Lindbergh farm and inspected the scene of the tragic event of last Tuesday night, they were not made public. The great active caves, saw and went away at night. Unknown Man Leaves Estate Hopewell, N.J. March 5-1 (UP) A large automobile loaded with detectives and containing one man who shielded the firefighters from the Lindbergh estate late this afternoon and headed for Trenton at 70 miles on a snowy road. The news-paper men from following. 'THE PROSPECTORS' OFFER ROCKY MOUNTAIN PAINTINGS A collection of paintings, water colors, drawings, and lithographs by a group of painters calling themselves "The Prospectors" will be on exhibition in the galleries of the department of painting in East Administration Sunday at the Museum of March excepting Sundays and holidays, from 1 to 5. The artists include Muriel V. Sibell, Mark Trotter, and Morgan Virginia Trout and Gwendolyn Mugnall, subjects of the group are taken from the Rocky mountains near Boulder, Paintings by the Little Dutch Masters of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries will be on display in Thayer museum, with tl. "operation of Miss Minnie Moodie; curator; during the late twenties," he wrote. "It comes to the 'University under the auspices of the College Art association of New York." HIGH STATE COURT REFUSES TO DISMISS BRINKLEY'S SUIT Toronto, March 5—(UF) A decision of a favor Dr. J. R. Brinkley, upboughing the decision of the district court in its refusal to dismiss Brinkley's suit against the University Medical Association, was made today by the Kansas supreme court. Brinkley brought uait against Fishman and Dr. William S. Vates for lattice attacks on the doctor's device interspersed against 'bim' in the fight for the doctor's device. It is easier to practice in Kansas. The defendants' sought to have the case dismissed on a demurrow, but the lower court denied the dismissal. They then appealed to the state supreme court, which held the lower court's decision in decreasing that the case must go to trial. Rateliffe Will Lecture Here S. K. Ratcliffe, the English journal, will lecture here on March 27. Instead of Monday, March 7, as originally checked. Circumstances make it impossible to be here tomorrow. She will be on board one more on the in university lecture course.