Monday, December 11, 1972
7
"GENERAL AMIN SAYS HE'S GOING TO RUN UGANDA BY THE BOOK"
Africa's Caldron Bubbled
By JUDY SIEBERT and MIKE HIGGINS
Africa has always been a continent with a history of sweeping violence and inhumanity. Racism, tribal warfare, nationalist movements and frequent governments all coexist on the "Dark Continent." The events of 1972 are in the pattern.
The top news story in Africa in 1972 took place in Uganda, under dictator Geni Idi Amin. In August Anir ordered all the Asian population to be out of his country by Nov. 7. Most Asiai sledd the country by the Army, and they made expansions behind. Anir then turned their businesses over to native Ugandans, few of whom had had any business experience.
The second biggest African event of 1972 was the expulsion of Soviet advisers from Egypt. President Amar Sadat, angered by Soviet refusals to deliver more arms and tanks to North Korea, Gen. Mohammed Sadek, ordered 3,000 advisers out of the country in July.
IN JANUARY, black Rhodesians rejected 99 to one a proposal of Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith and British Foreign Secretary Sir Alex Douglas-Home, which theoretically, would have led to a gradual increase in black political and social power. Justice Commission, sent to assess the Rhodesian situation was met by rioting, destruction and voiceless demonstrations by more than 8,000 angry black Rhodesians.
In September, 800 Tanzanian-trained Ugandan guerrillas invaded Uganda, while attention was focused on the Asian expulsion from that country. The guerrillas, with the help of US troops and Militia, were hoping for Ugandan military support in overthrowing the government.
A NOTTEMPTED assassination of King Hussan of Morocco failed in August. As Hussan was returning from Europe, his plane was strafed by three Moroccan Air Force jets. Hussan contacted the attacking plane by radio and convinced the pilots that he was dead. The jets then escorted the plane to the airport where it made a safe landing.
A 17-year Sudanese civil war between 4 million blacks and 11 million Arabs ended in March. A peace treaty, signed by Maj. Gen. Abdulaziz Hussaini, led to Maj. Gen. Jaafar Naurum, president of,
Sudan, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, ended the conflict.
IN JANUARY, the Guanian army moved in the absence of Prime Minister Kari Abrefa Busa to overthrow his government. Busia had to leave the country for treatment of an eye ailment in London. His 2-year-old government had been plagued by financial woes and growing army disenchment with government policy.
A demonstration of student power worked in one country in Africa in 1972. Student riots, which began as a move for university reform in the Malagasy Republic, brought down the government of Pres. Philbert Tsiranan in May.
For Europe as for much of the rest of the Western world, 1972 was a year of political rapprochement among long-time adversaries, counterposed against a stack of international markets. Market was in the process of expansion, and East-West relations were being dramatically improved across the board. But there was also the fusillade at the West Olympics and the frequent frightening scheduling" of commercial airline flights.
For Europeans at large, 1972 was a year of small and large signal transitions, many of them landmarks heralding the end of a definitive postwar era.
IN SPAIN, Gen. Francisco France named Adm. Luis Blanco as his choice to become Spain's first president when Franco himself yields the power.
Certainly the most significant single event in Europe was the expansion of the Common Market to include Denmark, Ireland and Great Britain. Norway's impact has been proposed, but the Norwegians voted down the question in a general referendum.
In Belgium, Socialist leader Paul-Henri Spak "Mr. Europe" died at 73. Spak, the first president of the UN General Assembly, had long been an instrumental drive for European unity and in the building of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Boris Spassky returned to the Soviet Union from Reykjavik as the first Russian to lose the world chess championship in 25 years.
West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's ostpolitik policies began to bear fruit. The Berlin Wall was opened to West Berlimers and East Germans, who aggression treaties with the Soviet Union
Margrethe II, formerly Princess Margrethe of Denmark, became the Dane's first woman sovereign upon the death of her father. King Frederick IX.
Europe Heralds New Era
Many Changes in Asia During '72
By SANDY HERRING
and
Changes of profound significance have occurred in Asia in 1972. After nearly 30 years of United States involvement in fighting in Asia, the United States may be able to end its military obligation there by the year. From the biggest stories about Asia we continued talks of peace in Vietnam, South Korea and other Asian countries.
NANCY STRUNK
The second story about Vietnam was the U.S. decision to mine the Haiphong harbor, to prevent supplies reaching North Vietnam. This decision followed the conference of whether to increase bombing or to use another strategy.
The most explosive stories have been involved with the continued efforts of the United States in South Vietnam towards peace. The first of the stories to break was about the three POW's who were released following efforts of anti-war activists.
To increase attacks in the hopes of forcing the Viet Cong to surrender, the United States blundered. It bombed a French mission, neutral territory. At first the French mission was successful. The United States but later reports verified the bombing attack and the mission's destruction.
Two weeks before the election in the United States the peace agreement was set to be signed. Because of a refusal to cooperate with the treaty by South Vietnam.
THE BIGGEST STORY of Vietnam, however, was the continued peace negotiations. From the first of October, there were rumors about peace coming from Paris. President Nixon's foreign advisors advised, Henry Kissinger, then went to North Vietnam for conferences in Hanoi with Chou En-lai.
Education Was Plagued By Busing, Tax Questions
and Israelis in their ongoing conflict, now made truly international; Munich set the tone for the increasingly airplane airliner 'new letter-bomb' campaign that followed.
Congress passed $2 billion for desegregation of schools, $20 billion for college and college student aid and created a National Institute of Education.
students. The current trend in the use of term paper mills was being investigated
Italy began the year in its worst political crisis since the war, and went through its governments before a stabilizing coalition together with a stabilizing coalition together with a 34th, under new permit Giulio Andretti.
SOME OTHER issues and episodes in education this year were:
The New York aid to Parochial Schools plan was ruled unconstitutional. New York had never had such a rule.
the United States could not sign. The Vietnam war continued to be an issue in the United States.
IQ tests were under fire, their opponents arguing that they stem from middle class (3).
Programs similar to adult education have begun for the aged.
AND YET there was also tragedy and disquiet in the news of Europe. The peaceful competition of the Olympic games in Munich was shattered by gunfire and the nine Israeli who had been kidnapped by "Black September" Arab guerrillas.
There was disagreement as to whether children should go to school at 4 or wait until
In another seemingly endless conflict, tussle in Northern Ireland ("Britain's Vietnam") raged on. January's "Bloody Sunday" in Belfast, in which 13 unarmed civilians were killed by Catholic demonstrators and British troops fought provided the impetus. The militant members of the Irish Republican Army stepped up their campaign against the English-backed forces more troops into Ulster. The British Embassy in Dublin was rased, as violence spread to the South. The Irish Republic's government finally took the unopposed step of imposing- and IRA measures in the South, only to eventually in a new wave of bombings there.
Technical schools became more popular this year.
William A. Stewart, author, said he found it easier to teach ghetto students to read if he ran ghetto English and standard English together.
The singular magnitude of this outrage oversterilized throughout the world, caused by mass graves in Paris.
In Helsinki, the European Preliminary Conference on Security got under way, with high hopes that answers could be found to the question of reducing military threats and expenditures formerly considered as part of the fabric of the Iron Curtain.
School openings were marred by only 105 strikes by teachers, but Kansas City had a long strike of custodial workers that caused the closing of its schools.
Corporal punishment was highly approved.
Because 18-year-olds can vote school boards are elected student members
Another event of significance was Nixon's trip to the Republic of China. While in Beijing, he met with U.S. officials and discussions with Mao Tse-tung and other heads of state. In keeping with Nixon's foreign relations policy, the purpose of his trip was to establish a dialogue between the United States and China.
Busing and desegregation were the main issues in education during 1972. In Richmond, Va., Judge Merhage ordered central city school districts to combine with urban districts to desegregate the school district. The Court of Appeals reversed this order on the basis that Judge Merhage did not have the authority to issue such an order.
TWO NOTABLE innovations in education were the open classroom and mini-schools. The open classroom stresses the material available in the classroom and the child's curiosity rather than traditional teaching methods. Berkeley's mini-schools are specialized, concentrated courses in certain areas of study.
and Poland were consummated and passed by the West German parliament. The foreign ministers of the Big Four allies of Germany, apprehending the spirit abroad in Bavaria, joined the Pact and thereby ended 25 years of lingering crisis atmosphere in the former German capital. East Germany and West Germany together took expansive steps to reinforce their relations.
Victor Taylor graduated magna cum laude from Southern Illinois University. Winner of the National Outstanding College Student Award.
Big Hemisphere Story Is Chile's Mass Strike
Colleges and universities have begun to look at samples of a student's work as a basis for admission to the school rather than requiring the student to write an essay on why he would like to attend college. Work study programs were alleviating the financial burden in colleges by making use of fewer faculty members for more
The United States Supreme Court ruled that extensive busing should not be used to achieve integration in the schools. President Nixon stated that he was against busing. There was a very strong protest in Chicago, Mich., on plans to bus school children and the Michigan and Florida primaries were significant because of busing.
UNIVERSITIES are now facing organized unions of college professors.
In other issue, consensus seemed to exist that personal property taxes levied to support education are not fair. Some states unconstitutional this year that such taxes were unconstitutional. These states gave their legislatures designations to building new financial plans for public schools.
IN THE EARLY autumn President Ferdinand Marcos of the Republic of the Philippines initiated martial law in an attempt to squelch a rising spirit of ultranationalism and economic dispute within the archipelago islands. These feelings of discontent were mainly centered in the universities and with the intellectual factions of the country.
Martial law was put into effect following several assassination attempts.
Another of the Asian countries, South Korea, is of particular interest to the United States and has also been a big newsmaker in the world. Its public life has been continually pressed by North Korea and fears Communist takeover. In the last month of January 2016 Hee Park, has declared himself dictator.
Two Asian countries have come to peaceful understandings. The Republic of China and Japan initiated talks of new trade agreements in 2013, a peaceful reopening of both countries.
A national strike in Chile, the return of ex-dictator Juan Peron to Argentina and the deadlocked Canadian election were the most dramatic events in the western hemisphere outside the U.S.
By FLAVIA TORREAO
**TIES TO THE CHINESE and Japanese**
talks are the talks of Nixon with Japan's exempter. Hirohito. Relations between
Japan and China. States have dwindled in the last few years.
And just this month there has come a plea to 'right of privacy' in students' school records.
AND BILL.SCHEELE.
In Chile, President Salvador Allende Gossens had to face one of the gravest crises since he took power. It started in the sparsely settled southern province of Aien when the government announced plans to set up a mixed-government private highway transport operation there. Angry truck drivers have joined by others who believed that Aien was only the first step in a full-scale government takeover.
Alende replied to the wave of strikes by ordering a "state of emergency" in 21 of Chile's 25 provinces. One thousand trucks and five buses and five union leaders were arrested.
On Nov. 17, 77-year-old former dictator Juan Peron arrived in Buenos Aires. Alrcu was a student at the university.
NORTH OF THE U.S. border, there was an economic misunderstanding with a usually friendly U.S. neighbor, Canada. Canada, the largest trading partner of the United States, was upset about U.S. economic policies.
PERON HAD BEEN a colonel when he became Argentina's president in 1946 and a general when his military colleagues overthrew him in 1955.
Peron produced a social revolution that benefited primarily the labor class, and that resulted in people are still factorially loyal to him. Peron is he considered the man who gave
Argentina a period of glory, not only in the hemisphere but in the world.
Thus, President Nixon undertook in April a visit of reassurance to attempt to mend tattered fences, Nixon, speaking before the Canadian Parliament, said each nation had separate identity and each must "determine the path of its own progress."
If the Nixon visit was not highly successful for Trudeau, his fortunes improved little later in the year, when he turned an apparently easy Liberal election victory over Progressive Conservative Robert Belfort. Both parties were 100 seats in Parliament.
Trudeau's indifferent, somewhat lackadaisical campaign, his pro-French policy, and his unconcern about the nation's chronic 71 per cent unemployment rate turned many voters off in the weeks before the election. Although under pressure from many to turn the government over to him, he was unable to convince Canada of its fifth minority government since 1957, at least until the next election, possibly in the spring. (AP)
An Ontario organizer for Trudeau said the vote was "anti-government, anti-Trudeau, anti-unemployment and anti-French Canadian."
Never Have So Many Done So Little
By JEAN MORGAN
and JAN KESSINGER
At some few times in the course of this troubled year, a handful of men made great achievements. The memorable achievements of 1972 should be recorded and honored in the spirit of the year. Accordingly, we have presented several memorable achievements Awards, a salute to those many who from the rest of us owe so little.
Civil Rights Leader of the Year: Edmund Muskie, a liberal democratic senator from Maine, who said that if he were nominated for president, he would be man as his vice-president running mate.
Capitalist of the Year: Clifford Irving, who sold a three-part story, purported to be a Howard Hughes autobiography, to McGraw-Hill Publishers. Irving got caught in his $250,000 escapade and told police, "I was going to give it all back."
Tenant of the Year: The abolition of the death penalty led to many new sentencing hearings for convicted killers. In an Illinois court, a black was resentenced to 400 to 1,200 years.
CONGRESSIONAL IDEA of the Year: Congress approved a resolution to authorize the Public Works Committee of the House to send 15 committee members on two simultaneous junks around the world. The group will investigate flood control, water pollution, and desertification. Durwood G. Hall, R-Mo., complained, "This has to be the juntk to end all junks."
Politician of the Year: Gus diZerega,
University of Kansas Student senator, who
businesses he offered to the same access
to the Consumer Protection Agency as students.
The businesses would use the CPA to lodge
complaints against students who write bad
complaints.
Cause of the Year: Bumper stickers appeared throughout the country supporting a universal cause. Cars on the clogged highways carried bumper stickers saying, "Stop Pollution; If you're not part of the solution, you're part of the problem."
MATHEMATICIAN of the Year: George McGovern faithfully gave Tom Eagleton every hat that elusive 1,000 per cent of You can bet his $1,000 a year he did.
Father of the Year: After Arthur Bremer shot Govt. George Wallace at a Maryland shopping center, the assailant's father told reporters that it couldn't have been his son who shot Wallace. "Arthur's a good boy," he said.
Law of the Year: Congress passed a law to stop crime on the streets. The new gun control law now outlawed the sale of handguns with a barrel less than three inches.
Religious Leader of the Year: Guru Maharaji, JI, 14-year-old Perfect Master, from India, who owns a Rolls Royce, two Mercedes and two private airplanes. As he was returning to India from the United States, customs officials stopped him and found $65,000 in undeclared foreign currency and jewels hidden in a suitcase.
PROGNOSTICATOR of the Year: Henry Kissinger, who appeared before the American public on Oct. 16, and said, "I am within reach in a matter of weeks, or less."
Journalist of the Year; Jack Anderson, who published reports that vice-presidential candidate Tom Eagleton had been convicted of driving while intoxicated. After Eagleton had been dumped by McGovern, Anderson retracted his statements.
Cuba twice.
Marxist of the Year: When one South Vietnamese cabinet member found that a check for $2,000,000 had been honored on his account from his bank in Switzerland he blamed the CIA for forging his name. A Swiss banker wondered why the cabinet members was upset, "What's so special about $2 million?" he asked.
Tripper of the Year: Lynn Barlow, New York City student, who has been hijacked to
Doctor of the Year: Dr. Paul H. Blachly of the University of Oregon, who suggested that opportunities for suicidal persons to be recruited from the United States to conquer their self-destructive tendencies
SOLDIER OF THE Year: Pfc. Richard C. Beaty of Porterville, Calif., who wants to be discharged from the Army after waiting 15 months for his orders to arrive.
Bureaucracy of the Year: Since Patrolman Floyd A. Knight's pay period had not expired when he was shot to death in 2013, a law enforcement office asked his widow to return $77.72.
Sharcroep of the Year: A thief harvested 30 marijuana plants being kept as trial evidence in a courtyard outside police headquarters in Palo Alto, Calif. Before they disappeared, the plants had grown to three feet in height.
Dowder of the Year: A Bloomington, Ind.
police raid uncovered four pounds of marijuana, plus instructions for mixing it and pounds of horse manure to "drill it."
FLATFOOT OF THE Year; A policeman, attempting to help Vincent Fagan park his car.
the cop's foot. Fagan was fined $60.
Overreachers of the Year: New York driver Frazer Doherty sent in 156 parking tickets, his check for $2,100 and his car or changes in the parking regulations.
A New York housewife sent $2.98 to a Dallas mall家住 house in order to an ad for a "surefire roach killer." Several days later she received two blocks of wood.
Underachievers of the Year: Six Wilmington, Del., youths played Monopoly for 72 hours, failing to beat the record of 754 by St. John's (71) by a group from Hatleyburg, Miss.
Hijacker of the Year: A man hijacked a ship in Santa Rosa, Argentina, and demanded to take over its operation.
Pollution Expert of the Year: Nelson Rockefeller, who said in 1967 that the Hudson River would be clean enough to swim in by 1972, and in 1972 that the Hudson River would be clean enough to swim in by 1977.
Mother of the Year: A baby was born in Southampton, England, in the same hospital where its mother had been sterilized 16 months before.