UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
Mining and Geology Edition.
KANSAS SALT BEDS CAN SEASON WORLD'S FOOD
Big Plants Near Hutchinson Draw Supply From 400- Foot Vein
ARE PREPARING BULLETIN
Special Report on Industry Will Treat of Geological and Chemical Aspects
By JAMES LYNE
Kansas is a salty state; according to geologic records one of the saltiest in the whole country. One of the early forthcoming bulletins of the Geological Survey accorded to K. G. Charnet, University of Kansas, state geologist, will be a careful description of the salt deposits of Kansas, including their geographical distribution; general geology and the methods used in the production of salt for commercial purposes. This book will probably also transcript form, probably will be ready for distribution about the middle of the year.
Investigation of the Kansas salt beds was begun two years ago by E. Lydor under the direction of Prof. W. A. Whitaker of the division of state chemical research in the University of Kansas. The study of the Kansas salt deposits from a chemical standpoint, special attention being paid to possible associated salts such as potassium, which are extremely important in some of the foreign salt beds. In co-operation with Professor Whitaker the Geological Survey has examined a geologic standpoint, and the report will be a full description of this important natural resource of Kansas.
Salt, so easily procurable in Kansas—it may be bought for as little as $1.25 a ton—was exceedingly valuable and highly prized in ancient times, as is shown in the records of Herodotus and Homer. The Hebrews used it in religious ceremonies as a symbol of fidelity, constancy, loyalty and devotion; the word "salary," a very expressive term for some of us, is derived from a Latin word meaning originally the money received for the purchase of salt.
Salt was first discovered in America by the Jesuits in what is now the state of New York. It occurred in briny springs, and for a long time the only salt obtained in America was evaporated from these springs. In 1878 rock salt was discovered in New Jersey in 1885, the settling and development of the Mississippi Valley caused an increased demand for salt. Search has revealed almost inexhaustible salt deposits in a number of the western states, one of the largest of which is in Kansas. Over a considerable portion of the state salt beds vary in thickness from 100 to 400 feet and are within easy boring distance. The sandy bottom of Reno, Rice, and Ellsworth counties. The largest single salt plant in the world is located at Hutchinson.
SAFTAFS IN GALENA-JOPLIN
DISTRICT LURE COLLECTORS
The collector of minerals find ardents dreams come true when he arrives in the Galena-Joplin district of Colorado. He goes to parts of Missouri and Oklahoma.
In mines in the Joplin and Granby districts in Missouri and the Galena district in Kansas about forty-five different minerals have been discovered. These include sulphides, carbonates, silicates and sulphates, oxides, etc., of zinc, lead, copper, iron, calcium, etc.
The mineralogically inclined visitor has little difficulty in gaining access to these mines and usually receives the best of attention from the superintendents, and is allowed to collect all the specimens he desires.
Many beautiful crystalline aggregates with two, three and even four different minerals in association can still be obtained from some of the older mines, and some of the newly opened mines. These are the Fischer, Okla, furnish especially fine specimens of zinc ore, including parallel intergrowths of chalcopyrite and sphalerite, and galena incrusted with marcasite, etc.
The department of mineralogy at the University of Kansas has obtained many specimens of these minerals and is glad to exchange them with collectors and other universities, for minerals from other districts.
Charlie Coates, '13, writes a breezy letter from Chanute where he has landed after varied and exciting experiences. After mucking in the copper camps of Arizona, acting as assistant city engineer of Chanute, taking a try at the real estate business, and trying his luck in a Texas oil boom, he secured a position at Collinville, Oka. Metal Company at Collinville, Oka. He formed a life partnership with Miss Esther Bettes of Independence and is employed with the Chanute Speler Company of Chanute, Kas. Charlie says, "Come and see us."
Send the Daily Kansan home.
HERES HOW TO ASSAY FOR GOLD IN REMOTE COUNTRY
Make up a solution of one hundred parts water, two parts iodine resublimate, and four parts potassium iodide (a rapid solvent for gold). To make up a solution of the mortar, add fifty c. c. of the iodine solution and grind ten minutes. Allow the mixture to stand one hour to dissolve the gold. Should the solution turn clear, add more of the solvent to the solution. Should the solution remains permanently,
Next, filter and wash the iodine solution from the pulp, add about three grams of mercury to the filtrate, and shake in a glass-stopped bottle and the solution clears. The mercury will amalgamate the precipated gold.
For an ore rich in copper, first re-
treat the copper with nitric acid and
lead the rest to zinc.
FOSSIL HUNTERS FIND PARADISE IN KANSAS
Animal and Plant Fossils Abound in Formations Over Entire State
Any person who has a desire to study fossils and their occurrence should come to Kansas. Kansas is one of the richest fossil beds in the world, and it is where outcrops of limestone, sandstone, and shales in which are found fossil remains of almost all of the marine animals of prehistoric ages. In some of these only the molds of the fossils are found, the hard parts having eroded.
Imprints of leaves and stems of plants indicate species of trees whose ages can be determined by formations in which imprints are found. Coals also contain a large amount of fossil leaves, plants and even the trunks of wood. Possible remains of insects have been found in the western part of the state.
Fossil remains of many animals are found throughout the state. In Ness County fossil remains of shark teeth, fishes, and reptiles have been found. The牙齿 of a mastodon were unearthed in Chase County fifty feet under the surface. Large fossil fish are found in practically all parts of the state. Crinoids must have been abundant at a time when Kansas was a part of the ocean; their fossils are quite common. An idea of the thickness of fossils in some form is derived from the fact that in a slab of limestone, found in the Garrison formation, fossils were so numerous that there was not a space as large as a fifty cent piece free from fossils. The most abundant fossils are the brachiopods and gast-rapods.
A MINER'S HINT
Holes in arrastra drags should be drilled several inches into the edge on the upper side to receive the eye-bells to which the drain is mounted. Suspend the drag so the front end is one to two inches above the floor to permit the broken rock to pass beneath the drag as it sweeps around in the basin. If the drag lies flat, the rocks will not move along in front of it, resulting in greatly diminished capacity.
Drags should weigh 200 to 300 pounds each and should be of the toughest and hardest stone available, such as massive greenstone and fine-grained stone.
The pieces of ore fed into the arrastra should not be larger than hazel nuts.
R. L. Grider.
A speed of 25 to 32 revolutions a minute is best for good work.
The Coal Reserves of the world amount to 7,500,000 million metric tons, of which total the United States holds 51.8 per cent; Canada comes next with 16 per cent; China third with 12 per cent; Germany fourth with nearly 6 per cent. In the matter of output the United States, Great Britain and Germany produce more than 83 per cent of the coal consumed in the world. The United States produces nearly 94 per cent of the world's fuel supply—Coal Age January 13, 1917.
...
George M. Brown, '12, is located at McAlester, Okla., doing consulting work in geology and mining engineering. An article written by him can be found in another section of this paper.
GIVES T-SQUARE LAWS FOR DRAFTING OFFICE
R. L. Grider Compiles Comprehensive List of Do's and Don'ts.
HARD BOILED HINTS HELP
Requirements for Good Work as Immutable as Laws of Medes and Persians
Bv R. L. GRIDER
Here's a list of the do's and don'ts necessary for an engineer to use in a drafting office. They are as immutable as the laws of the Medies and have been used by drafters before, and a successful draftsmann must use them. They are:
Use a thin triangle, sharp-pointed instrument pointer. Tequila can be placed on the soft surface of the glass.
Make as few lines as possible on a drawing.
Avoid strong sunlight on your work.
Wear bright pen and pencil instead of a
solar panel.
Perspective drawings and plan drawings should not be put on the drawing board.
Bicarbonate of soda and water will bleach blue prints.
Correct all mistakes before turning in a drawing.
Keep your scales and triangles clean.
Wash blue prints in water containing potassium bichromate.
Pattern makers' drawings should contain all dimensions.
Always use the same T-square and triangles on a drawing.
Blackline figures and letters when pasted on a tracing.
triangles on a drawing.
Always sign your drawings.
It is not necessary to make machine shop drawings to accurate scale.
*rottassum oxalate dissolved in water makes a good white ink for blue print*
Do not use ink erasers or knives to remove inked lines.
Finish a tracing before letting the sun shine on it.
Use the steel straightedge for large drawings, not T-squares.
Washing soda, gum arabic, and water make a good writing fluid for children's books.
Notes on drawings often save a foreman annoyances.
Bread crumbs are often used to clean drawings.
Don't fold drawings. Roll them or lay them out flat.
Preserve your calculations.
Much work may be blue printed from pencil. Inking is expensive.
Don't forget to put the scale on drawings.
Be accurate in keeping the time put upon a drawing.
Don't forget your descriptive geometry.
Keep a list of dates of all drawings received and finished.
U. S. PRODUCED 708,000
TONS OF ZINC LAST YEAR
U. S. PRODUCED 708,000
The Joplin Globe gives recent production of zinc as follows:
The zinc mining and zinc smelting industries experienced a year of prosperity in 1916. According to the best information available at this time the recoverable zinc content of ore mined in the United States was 605,915 tons, contained 406,959 tons in 1914. The largest district gain was made by the Joplin region, which had an increase of over 40,000 tons. Montana made a notable gain and from the returns available seems to have taken second place, but it will require complete figures to decide. Good gains were also made by the upper Mississippi valley region, Colorado, New Mexico, Ohio, Arkansas and Washington. The eastern states produced 148,000 tons, or 21 per cent, the central states 274,400 or 39 per cent, and the western states 286,000 tons, or 40 per cent, of the total output of zinc in ore.
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ASSAYING WITH A JITNEY CAMERA.
Pitchblende in fissure veins in igneous rock, like granite, and is valued for its uranium and radium content. It is not found in sedimentary rocks. The little veins of pitchblende vary in thickness; the smaller veins are called "bunchy" and associated with zinc blende, iron pyrite and galena.
It is pitch black, sometimes brownish with a grayish or greenish or olive green. The luster is dull, greasy, metallic to pitch like and the fracture is conchoidal, that is, shell like. It is brittle and about 5 or 6 in the scale of hardness. The specific gravity is about 8 to 9.8.
Test—Enclose a photographic plate in a piece of heavy black paper, to keep out the light, and lay some small flat metal object on the film side of the plate. Place the sample to be tested upon the metal and place the whole in a dark place for three days. Then develop the plate and if an image of the metal object is obtained the sample should be tested. Uranium and radium both emit penetrating rays—R. L. Grider.
FIND USE FOR BARE WALLS ENTRANCE BLANKS FOR TOURNAMENT SEN
Students on Run Between Classes Learn Geology from Many Colored Maps
BY LUMAN AND HILTON
Visualizing knowledge is considered today as one of the best methods by which we can learn. Realizing the value of maps to students and others, the geology department of the University of Kansas thought of a new idea. Their plan was to utilize bare rock samples collected from four large geological maps painted in the conspicuous places on the walls of the second floor of Haworth Hall.
Near the top of the west wall is painted a geological section of North America along the 39th parallel. This map portrays in colors the various formations in this latitude from the Precambrian to the Quaternary time. One notices that the state of Kansas was the center of this formation, just below it is a large geological map of North America, also portraying in colors the localities in which the various geological formations are found.
On the east wall is a similar geological section through Kansas from the southeast to the northwest. It encompasses the hill to the northwest. Here appear the strata in their chronological order from the Mississippi to the Tertiary. Under this a diagrammatic view of the state of Kansas, picturing each section in its natural position. The maps are readily understood by all.
Send the Daily Kansan home.
ENTRANCE BLANKS FOR
TOURNAMENT SENT OUT
Entrance blanks have been sent out from Manager Hamilton's office to all high schools in the state who wish to attend the annual high school basketball tournament. The tournament is funded for the 10th and 17th of March.
Last year the tournament was attended by 57 teams of boys and girls. There will probably be several more teams in this tournament. Hamilton is the originator of the tournament plan in the Missouri Valley and it has proved a success.
Glenn Allen, '15, has left the Bureau of Mines at Salt Lake City and is now with the Arizona Copper Company of Bisbee, Arizona. Glenn had a number of articles in the Mining and Scientific Press and also read a paper before the Arizona meeting of the A. I. M. E. Yes, he was married
Qualitative Test for Vanadium in Absence of Titanium
Qualitative test of vanadium in presence of chromium (4 per cent chromium in presence of 0.05 per cent vanadium.)
Dissolve 0.5 gram of steel in 10 cubic centimeters $1 : 3$ sulphuric acid. Heat until action ceases, adding water if necessary to dissolve iron sulphate, then add potassium pyruvate, povanadium acid, heat until red fumes disappear. If tungsten be present filter without washing. To 5 c.c. of the solution add 5 c.c. of sodium peroxide (sodium peroxide dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid). A reddish substance can be added to remainder of the solution will be green if much chronium is present.
Qualitative Test. for Vanadium in Presence of Titanium
Delicacy of test: 0:10 per cent of Titanium can be detected in 1 per cent vanadium solution. Ferrous ammonium sulphate discharges the brick red color of the vanadiate solution with hydrogen peroxide more quickly than it does the yellow shade of titanic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
Dissolve the sample in sulphuric acid as usual, then after adding the hydrogen peroxide add slowly 1 c.c. at a time of ferrous ammonium sulphate and then slowly 2 c.c. for the vanadium test. If it gradually fades from a brick red to a bright yellow then titanium is surely present. If the red or brown tint fades from a brick red to a clear yellow and not showing a clear bright yellow, titanium is not present—R. L. Grider.
Send the Daily Kansan home.
Remember
SCHULZ
makes clothes
You can find him at
917 Mass. St.
Dick Bros., Druggists
A trade so large that our stock is always pure and fresh. We want to know K. U men and women better. Where the cars stop—Sth and Mass.
CONKLIN PENS are sold at McCulloch's Drug Store 847 Mass.
The University of Chicago
HOME in addition to寒冷 woe, offers also instruction by correspondence.
STUDY For detailed information
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